Vocab words:

Myth
Aeneas: written by poet. About the glories of Rome.
Founded by Aeneas, with a bunch of Trojans.
Escaped the Trojan war.
The Trojan War: Hector and Aeneas
Aeneas tells his story
to Dido

(4th century ms.)

Dido, on meeting Aeneas

“How princely, how courageous, what a soldier.

I can believe him in the line of gods,
And this is no delusion…
Had I not set my face against remarriage
After my first love died and failed me, left me
Barren and bereaved – and sick to death
At the mere thought of torch and bridal bed –
I could perhaps give way in this one case
To frailty.”
Aeneas: earthly father. Goddess mother.
Dido and
Aeneas shack
up in a cave
note classic
Latin: no
separation
between words,
no punctuation
Vocab words:
Romulus and Remus: are Rome's twin founders
in its traditional foundation myth. They are descendants of the
Trojan prince and refugee Aeneas, and are fathered by the god Mars
or the demi-god Hercules on a royal Vestal Virgin, Rhea Silvia,
whose uncle exposes them to die in the wild.
They are found by a she-wolf who suckles and cares for them.
The twins are eventually restored to their regal birthright,
acquire many followers and decide to found a new city.

Vestal Virgins
Aeneas
remembers his
mission and
takes off; Dido
puts a curse on
him
Romulus and Remus,
descendants of Aeneas,
found Rome in 753
B.C.E.,
(1 Anno Urbis Conditae)
Put out to die by their uncle, Romulus and Remus are suckled by a
she-wolf.

Vocab words:
Lupa
Lupo
Anno Urbis Conditae
 Rape of the Sabine Women, David, 1799

Vocab words:
Rape at the Sabine Women:is an episode in the legendary history of Rome in which the first
generation of Roman men acquired wives for themselves from the neighboring Sabine families. (In this context,
rape means abduction—raptio—rather than its prevalent modern meaning of sexual violation.) Recounted by Livy
and Plutarch ('Parallel Lives' II, 15 and 19), it provided a subject for Renaissance and post-Renaissance works of art
that combined a suitably inspiring example of the hardihood and courage of ancient Romans with the opportunity
to depict multiple semi-clothed figures in intensely passionate struggle. Comparable subjects from Classical Antiquity

are the Battle of the Lapiths and Centaurs and the theme of Amazonomachy, the battle of Theseus with the Amazons .

Raptus:is the Latin for "seized", from rapere "to seize". In Roman law the term covered many crimes
of property, and women were considered property.
from 617 to 509
B.C.E., the kings
of Rome were
Etruscans
 Etruscan barrel
chair—terra cotta
model to be cast in
bronze
Etruscan couch

From a grave.
Men and woman are more intinate.
Etruscan jewelry

Vocab Word:
Fibula:brooch, or pin, originally used in Greek and Roman dress for fastening garments. The fibula
developed in a variety of shapes, but all were based on the safety-pin principle.
Greek fibulae from the 7th century bc were elaborately decorated along the long
catch plate: rows of animals, such as ducks, lions, and sphinxes, might be soldered
on, or a frieze of animals might be worked in relief. The fibula was in widespread
use throughout the ancient world. An example from Persia from the 7th century bc

has fastenings in the form of a human hand and is decorated with ... (100 of 162 words)
Etruscan chariot races
Etruscan banquet scene, perhaps Tarquin the Proud

509 B.C.E. Rome throws off its king and becomes a republic

Having a banquette.
Bragging about most virtuous wife.
The woman is rapped and she has to kill herself.
The Roman Republic
380 B.C.E.
Vocab:
Tribunes:(from the Latin: tribunus; Byzantine
Greek form τριβούνος) was a title shared by 10 elected
officials in the Roman Republic. Tribunes had the power
to convene the Plebeian Council and to act as its president,
which also gave them the right to propose legislation before
it. They were sacrosanct, in the sense that any assault on
their person was prohibited. They had the power to veto
actions taken by magistrates, and specifically to intervene
legally on behalf of plebeians. The tribune could also summon
the Senate and lay proposals before it. The tribune's power,
however, was only in effect while he was within Rome. His
Rome ability to veto did not affect provincial governors, and his
right to sacrosanctity and to help only extended to a mile
outside the walls of Rome. In about 450 BC the number
of tribunes was raised to ten.

Veto: I do not wish it.

Rape of Lucrece:(1594) is a narrative poem
by William Shakespeare about the legendary Lucretia. In his
previous narrative poem, Venus and Adonis (1593), Shakespeare
had included a dedicatory letter to his patron, the Earl of Southampton,
in which he promised to write a "graver work". Accordingly,
The Rape of Lucrece lacks the humorous tone of the earlier poem.

Carthage
borrowing from the Greeks

Temple of Fortuna Virilis: Rome, ca. 100 B.C.E.

dedicated to Portunus, god of rivers and seaports

Ionic columns
 Caryatids

Erechtheon (Athens)

Hadrian’s Villa
(Rome)
Vocab:
Arch—borrowed from the Etruscans

voussoirs

keystone

pier
From arch to vault
forum of Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar:

dictator for life

pontifex maximus
tribune for life

assassinated 43 B.C.E.
“Beware the ides of
March”
 Pompey

Julius Caesar
Caesar Augustus
31 B.C.E.-14 C.E.
 160’ high, 80 entrances
Rome: The Coliseum held 50,000 spectators

72 C.E.
cutaway sketch of the Coliseum, with awning
beneath the Coliseum, where gladiators and animals were kept
Clothing: rectangle for front and back and sleves.
Tunic.

hunting wild animals for the games

amphitheatre at Arles—still in use
model of the Circus Maximus, originally built 6th century B.C.E.
1/3 mile long, 150 yards wide; seated 150,000
“bread and circuses”—
keeping the unemployed
happy
child’s version of chariot races—with victor’s palm
Aqueduct:
Pont du Gard, near Nimes
Pont du Gard

49 meters tall; 273 meters long

part of an aqueduct that brought water to Nimes from a spring 50
km. away
indoor plumbing—the Roman baths
bath drained
 leather bikini

female gymnast crowning herself

Baths of Caracalla, built
212-217 C.E.

covered 27 acres;
1600 people could bathe at once

hot baths, tepid baths, cold

swimming pool, 2 gyms, 2
libraries, snack and drink
vendors
hypocausts underneath heated
water brought by aqueducts
Roman plumbing--latrines
Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius, Ad. 79

buried
Herculaneum
and Pompeii
 Depiction of an earthquake A.D. 62

Pliny the Younger describes the eruption

“The cloud was rising from a mountain-at such a distance
we couldn't tell which, but afterwards learned that it was
Vesuvius. I can best describe its shape by likening it to a
pine tree. It rose into the sky on a very long "trunk" from
which spread some "branches.“
Meanwhile, broad sheets of flame were lighting up
many parts of Vesuvius; their light and brightness were
the more vivid for the darkness of the night.

We had scarcely sat down when a darkness came that was

not like a moonless or cloudy night, but more like the black
of closed and unlighted rooms. You could hear women
lamenting, children crying, men shouting.
wall of brick and rubble
hypocaust in a wall
hypocaust cutaway
hypocaust
under floor
hypocaust with skeleton of dog
folding door from Herculaneum
 Patrician House, cutaway

peristyle

atrium with
impluvium
atrium of a private home

impluvium to
collect rainwater
peristyle
triclinium (dining room)
small sleeping room with couch and stool; trompe l’oeil walls
Ixion Room,
fresco—
Vocab word:
*trompe l’oeil: made to fool the eye.
 mother and
daughters, fresco
from Herculaneum
peplos

sandals
Clothing: Peplos

peplos

sandals
wall painting
from
Herculaneum
trade: cargo ship with wine
glass
 Rome: The Pantheon, built 118-126 C.E.

dome

Greek facade
Pantheon interior

oculus
coffered ceiling
 Arch of Constantine
pilaster

roundel
basilica: cutaway view
used as a law court, place to make business deals

clerestory windows

side aisle
nave
 basilica floor plan
apse

atrium (open air) nave side aisles