Vocab
words
week
3


*Tunic:
is
any
of
several
types
of
clothing
for
the
body,
of
various
lengths
reaching

from
the
shoulders
to
somewhere
between
the
hips
and
the
ankles.
The
name

derives
from
the
Latin
tunica
commonly
worn
by
both
men
and
women
in
Ancient

Rome,
which
in
turn
is
based
on
earlier
Greek
garments.

*Dalmaticis
a
long
wide‐sleeved
tunic,
which
serves
as
a
liturgical
vestment
in
the

Roman
Catholic,
Lutheran,
Anglican,
and
United
Methodist
Churches,
which
is

sometimes
worn
by
a
deacon
at
the
service
of
worship
or
mass.
Although
infrequent,

it
may
also
be
worn
by
bishops
above
the
alb
and
below
the
chasuble.
Like
the

chasuble
worn
by
priests
and
bishops,
it
is
an
outer
vestment
and
is
supposed
to

match
the
liturgical
colors
of
the
day.

Toga
a
distinctive
garment
of
Ancient
Rome,
was
a
cloth
of
perhaps
twenty
feet
(6

metres)
in
length
which
was
wrapped
around
the
body
and
was
generally
worn
over

a
tunic.
The
toga
was
invariably
made
of
wool,[1]
and
the
tunic
under
it
often
was

made
of
linen.
After
the
second
century
BC,
the
toga
was
a
garment
worn
exclusively

by
men,
and
only
Roman
citizens
were
allowed
to
wear
the
toga.
After
this
time,

women
were
expected
to
wear
the
stola.

**Pantheon
(pronounced
/pænˈθiː.әn/
or
/ˈpænθi.әn/
(UK),[1]
or
/ˈpænθiːɑːn/

(USA),
Latin:
Pantheon,[nb
1]
from
Greek:
Πάνθεον,
meaning
"Every
god")
is
a

building
in
Rome,
commissioned
by
Marcus
Agrippa
as
a
temple
to
all
the
gods
of

Ancient
Rome,
and
rebuilt
by
Emperor
Hadrian
in
about
126
AD.[2]
A
near‐
contemporary
writer,
Cassius
Dio,
speculates
that
the
name
comes
from
the
statues

of
many
gods
placed
around
the
building,
or
from
the
resemblance
of
the
dome
to

the
heavens.[3]
Since
the
French
Revolution,
when
the
church
of
Sainte‐Geneviève,

Paris,
was
deconsecrated
and
turned
into
a
secular
monument,
the
Panthéon,
the

generic
term
pantheon
may
be
applied
to
any
building
in
which
illustrious
dead
are

honoured
or
buried.[

*oculus

Pompeii
is
a
ruined
and
partially
buried
Roman
town‐city
near
modern
Naples
in

the
Italian
region
of
Campania,
in
the
territory
of
the
comune
of
Pompeii.
Along

with
Herculaneum,
its
sister
city,
Pompeii
was
destroyed
and
completely
buried

during
a
long
catastrophic
eruption
of
the
volcano
Mount
Vesuvius
spanning
two

days
in
79
AD.

*aqueductis
a
water
supply
or
navigable
channel
(conduit)
constructed
to
convey

water.
In
modern
engineering,
the
term
is
used
for
any
system
of
pipes,
ditches,

canals,
tunnels,
and
other
structures
used
for
this
purpose.[1]
In
a
more
restricted

use,
aqueduct
(occasionally
water
bridge)
applies
to
any
bridge
or
viaduct
that

transports
water—instead
of
a
path,
road
or
railway—across
a
gap.
Large
navigable

aqueducts
are
used
as
transport
links
for
boats
or
ships.
Aqueducts
must
span
a

crossing
at
the
same
level
as
the
watercourses
on
each
side.
The
word
is
derived

from
the
Latin
aqua
("water")
and
ducere
("to
lead").

*hypocaust
(Latin
hypocaustum)
is
an
ancient
Roman
system
of
central
heating.
The

word
literally
means
"heat
from
below",
from
the
Greek
hypo
meaning
below
or

underneath,
and
kaiein,
to
burn
or
light
a
fire.
They
are
traditionally
considered
to

have
been
invented
by
Sergius
Orata,
though
this
is
not
fully
confirmed.

Baths:
place
to
socialize.
Like
going
to
the
gym

Coliseum
originally
the
Flavian
Amphitheatre
(Latin:
Amphitheatrum
Flavium,

Italian
Anfiteatro
Flavio
or
Colosseo),
is
an
elliptical
amphitheatre
in
the
center
of
the

city
of
Rome,
Italy,
the
largest
ever
built
in
the
Roman
Empire.
It
is
considered
one

of
the
greatest
works
of
Roman
architecture
and
Roman
engineering.


Barrel
vault
also
known
as
a
tunnel
vault
or
a
wagon
vault,
is
an
architectural

element
formed
by
the
extrusion
of
a
single
curve
(or
pair
of
curves,
in
the
case
of
a

pointed
barrel
vault)
along
a
given
distance.
The
curves
are
typically
circular
in

shape,
lending
a
semi‐cylindrical
appearance
to
the
total
design.
The
barrel
vault
is

the
simplest
form
of
a
vault:
effectively
a
series
of
arches
placed
side
by
side,
i.e.,
one

after
another.

*domeis
a
structural
element
of
architecture
that
resembles
the
hollow
upper
half

of
a
sphere.
Dome
structures
made
of
various
materials
have
a
long
architectural

lineage
extending
into
prehistory.

“Bread
and
circuses”:
giving
them
enough
to
get
by
and
keeping
them

entertained.(or
bread
and
games)
(from
Latin:
panem
et
circenses)
is
a
metaphor

for
handouts
and
petty
amusements
that
politicians
use
to
gain
popular
support,

instead
of
gaining
it
through
sound
public
policy.
The
phrase
is
invoked
not
only
to

criticize
politicians,
but
also
to
criticize
their
populations
for
giving
up
their
civic

duty.

Coffered
ceiling
A
coffer
(or
coffering)
in
architecture,
is
a
sunken
panel
in
the

shape
of
a
square,
rectangle,
or
octagon
in
a
ceiling,
soffit
or
vault.
...


Impluviem
is
the
sunken
part
of
the
atrium
in
a
Greek
or
Roman
house
(domus).

Designed
to
carry
away
the
rainwater
coming
through
the
compluvium
of
the
roof,

it
is
usually
made
of
marble
and
placed
about
30
cm
below
the
floor
of
the
atrium.

chariot
races:(Greek:
ἁρματοδρομία/harmatodromia,
Latin:
ludi
circenses)
was
one

of
the
most
popular
ancient
Greek,
Roman
and
Byzantine
sports.
Chariot
racing
was

often
dangerous
to
both
driver
and
horse
as
they
frequently
suffered
serious
injury

and
even
death,
but
generated
strong
spectator
enthusiasm.
In
the
ancient
Olympic

Games,
as
well
as
the
other
Panhellenic
Games,
the
sport
was
one
of
the
most

important
equestrian
events.

peplos(Greek:
πέπλος)
is
a
body‐length
Greek
garment
worn
by
women
before
500

BC].
The
peplos
is
a
tubular
cloth
folded
inside‐out
from
the
top
about
halfway

down,
altering
what
was
the
top
of
the
tube
to
the
waist
and
the
bottom
of
the
tube

to
ankle‐length.
The
garment
is
then
gathered
about
the
waist
and
the
open
top
(at

the
fold)
pinned
over
the
shoulders.
The
top
of
the
tube
(now
inside‐out)
drapes

over
the
waist
providing
the
appearance
of
a
second
piece
of
clothing
(an
exception

is
the
statues
of
the
Caryatid).


*basilica
(derived
from
Greek,
Basilikè
Stoá,
Royal
Stoa,
the
tribunal
chamber
of
a

king),
was
originally
used
to
describe
a
Roman
public
building,
usually
located
in
the

forum
of
a
Roman
town.
Public
basilicas
begin
to
appear
in
Hellenistic
cities
in
the

2nd
century
BC.


~nave
is
the
central
approach
to
the
high
altar,
the
main
body
of
the
church.
"Nave"

(Medieval
Latin
navis,
"ship")
was
probably
suggested
by
the
keel
shape
of
its

vaulting.[1]
The
nave
of
a
church,
whether
Romanesque,
Gothic
or
Classical,
extends

from
the
entry
‐
which
may
have
a
separate
vestibule,
the
narthex
—
to
the
chancel

and
is
flanked
by
lower
aisles[2]
separated
from
the
nave
by
an
arcade.
If
the
aisles

are
high
and
of
a
width
comparable
to
the
central
nave,
the
structure
is
sometimes

said
to
have
three
naves.


~side
aisles
is,
in
general,
a
space
for
walking
with
rows
of
seats
on
either
side
or

with
rows
of
seats
on
one
side
and
a
wall
on
the
other.
Aisles
can
be
seen
in

airplanes,
certain
types
of
buildings
such
as
churches,
Cathedrals,
synagogues,

meeting
halls,
parliaments
and
legislatures,
courtrooms,
theatres,
and
in
certain

types
of
passenger
vehicles.

~clerestory
windows
(pronounced
/ˈklɪәrstɔri/;
lit.
clear
storey,
also
clearstory,

clearstorey,
or
overstorey)
is
an
architectural
term
denoting
an
upper
level
of
a

Roman
basilica
or
of
the
nave
of
a
Romanesque
or
Gothic
church,
the
walls
of
which

rise
above
the
rooflines
of
the
lower
aisles
and
are
pierced
with
windows.
The

purpose
of
the
clerestory
is
to
give
light
to
the
inner
space
of
a
large
building.

~apse(Greek
αψις
(apsis),
then
Latin
absis:
"arch,
vault";
sometimes
written
apsis;

plural
apses)
is
a
semicircular
recess
covered
with
a
hemispherical
vault
or
semi‐
dome.
In
Romanesque,
Byzantine
and
Gothic
Christian
abbey,
cathedral
and
church

architecture,
the
term
is
applied
to
a
semi‐circular
or
polygonal
termination
of
the

main
building
at
the
liturgical
east
end
(where
the
altar
is),
regardless
of
the
shape

of
the
roof,
which
may
be
flat,
sloping,
domed,
or
hemispherical.