Modern Control System

EKT 308
General Introduction
Introduction to Control System
Brief Review
- Differential Equation
- Laplace Transform

Course Assessment
Lecture
Lab/Tutorial

3 hours per week

2 hours per week

Final Examination
50 marks
Class Test 1
10 marks
Class Test 2
10 marks
Lab Assessment
15 marks
Lab Test
10 marks
Attendance/Assignments 5 marks

Course Outcomes
CO1: The ability to obtain the mathematical model for
electrical and mechanical systems and solve state
equations
CO2: The ability to perform time domain analysis with
response to test inputs and to determine the stability
of the system.
CO3: The ability to perform frequency domain analysis
of linear system and to evaluate its stability using time
and frequency domain methods.
CO4: Ability to design lag, lead , lead-lag compensators
for linear control systems.

Tutorials/Lab Hours
Event

Week

Topic

Tutorial 1

2nd

Differential Equations

Tutorial 2

3rd

Laplace Transform

Tutorial 3

4th

Transfer Functions

Lab 1

5th

Computational Approach for Modern

Control Systems

Tutorial 4

6th

Open-loop and Close-loop Systems

Lab 2

7th

Time-domain Response

Tutorial for Test 1

8th

Lab 3

9th

Root Locus

Lab 4

11th

Frequency Domain Response

Tutorial for Test 2

12th

Lab 5

13th

Lab Test

14th

Controller Design

Lecturers and PLV

Lecturers
1. Dr. Md. Mijanur Rahman
2. En. Zahari Awang Ahmad

PLV
1. En. Mohammad Nazri Md. Noor

Text Book References

Richard C. Dorf & Robert H. Bishop, Modern
Control Systems, Twelfth Edition, Pearson
Education, Inc.
Katsuhiko Ogata, Modern Control
Engineering, Fifth Edition, Pearson Education,
Inc.

What is a Control System ?

A device or a set of devices
Manages, commands, directs or
regulates the behavior of other
devices or systems.

What is a Control System ?

Process (Plant) to be controlled

Process with a controller

(contd.)

Examples

Examples (contd)

Human
Control

System Control

Classification of Control Systems

Control systems are often classified as
Open-loop Control System
Closed-Loop Control Systems
Also called Feedback or
Automatic Control System

Open-Loop Control System

Day-to-day Examples
Microwave oven set to operate for fixed time
Washing machine set to operate on fixed
timed sequence.
No Feedback

Open-Loop Speed Control of Rotating Disk

For example, ceiling or table fan control

What is Feedback?
Feedback is a process whereby some
proportion of the output signal of a
system is passed (fed back) to the input.
This is often used to control the dynamic
behavior of the System

Closed-Loop Control System

Utilizes feedback signal (measure of the
output)
Forms closed loop

Example of Closed-Loop Control

System
Controller:
Driver
Actuator:
Steering
Mechanism
The driver uses the difference
between the actual and the desired
direction to generate a controlled
adjustment of the steering wheel

Closed-Loop Speed Control of Rotating Disk

GPS Control

Satellite Control

Satellite Control (Contd)

Servo Control

Disk Drive Control

Closed-Loop Control of Disk Drive

Differential Equation
N-th order ordinary differential equation

dny
d n 1 y
dy
an n an 1 n 1 ..... a1
a0 0
dx
dx
dx
Often required to describe physical system
Higher order equations are difficult to
solve directly.
However, quite easy to solve through
Laplace transform.

Example of Diff. Equation

di
1
L Ri i dt ei
dt
C
1
i dt eo

Example of Diff. Equation (Contd)

Newtons second law:

F ma
dv
F m
dt
2
d ds
d s
F m m 2
dt dt
dt

Table 2.2 (continued) Summary of Governing Differential Equations for Ideal Elements