MICROBIOLOGY REVIEW

Anaerobic Infections
QUESTIONS
1. True of Clostridia
2. True of Anaerobes
3. P. acnes
4. C. perfringens
produces what
lecithinase
5. True of
Actinomyces
6. Cause of
crepitation in
anaerobic infection
7. Cause of foul smell
8. large bowel flora;
anaerobes
9. true of C.
botulinum
10.% of anaerobes
w/c cause pelvic
infections
FILL IN THE BLANKS
11.obligate aerobe
12.drugs most active
against anaerobic
infections
13.obligate anaerobes
lack w/c enzymes
making them
susceptible to toxic
effects of oxygen
14.clostridia Assoc. w
gas gangrene,
bowel CA
15.totally Preventable
anaerobic
infections
16.virulence factors
w/c enables
bacteroides to
form abcess
17.toxin elaborated
by C. tetani w/c
induces muscle
spasms
18.source of
botulinum in

ANSWERS
spore forming
usually combine with
other bacteria to
cause infection
Anaerobe associated
with acne
alpha toxin (a toxin)
mainly aerotolerant,
gram +
Gas in tissues
Short chain fatty acid
by products
99%
Once bound,
Anticholinergic axn is
irreversible
25%

L. bifidus
clindamycin and
metronidazole
Superoxide
dismutase
Catalase
c. perfringens, c.
septicum, c. tertium
tetanus
Capsular
polysaccharide
Tetanospasmin

Honey

infants
19.anaerobes
involved in the
infection if..

20.anaerobic
infections w
available antitoxin
21.shape of C.
perfringens on
gram stain
22.appearance of
actinomyces in
agar media
23.anaerobic org w/c
maintains pH in
female genitalia
24.Accumulate in gas
gangrene
25.Media used to
grow Anaerobic
bacteria

QUESTIONS
1. Causative agent
of Lemiers
disease
2. Complete 3 doses
of tetanus toxoid
because

Foul smelling
discharge
Infection in proximity
to a mucosal surface
Gas in tissues
(CO2,H)
(-) aerobic culture
Tetanus, botulism
Box car shape
Molar tooth
Lactobacilli
hydrogen, carbon
dioxide (responsible
for crepitation)
BHI agar, brucella
agar, trypticase soy
agar, Schaedler
blood agar
ANSWERS
F. necrophorum
To develop immunity

Enterobacteriaceae
QUESTIONS
1. All enterobac
have peritrichous
flagella
2. Almost all shigella
are nonlactose
fermenter
3. Few of e coli are
positive for b
glucoronidase
4. Salmonella
usually produce
H2S
5. Kleibsella are
highly motile

ANSWERS
False
False
False almost all are
positive; >90%
True
False

QUESTIONS
1. Kleibsella species
assoc w RT
infection
2. Not significantly
fermented by shig
and sal
3. Mucoid colonies w
large capsules
4. Produces
verotoxin
5. Cause of
Shigellosis like
diarrhea
6. Involves
activation of
adenyl cyclase
7. Gold standard in
TF diagnosis
8. Least likely to
harbour
salmonella among
carriers
9. Growth charac
that will
differentiate s.
dysenteriae
10.Salmonella
among carriers;+
culture of w/c
FILL IN THE BLANKS
11.TSI contains what
sugars
12.4 Fs involved in
person to person
spread
13. Swarming
growth, ammoniacal
odor
13.E coli serotype
w/c produces
shiga toxin
14.Consequence of
single bacterium
w many O
antigens
15.E coli
pseudomonas
serratia
16.E. aerogenes
colonies differ
from e coli
17.Most external of
cell wall LPS

ANSWERS
k. pneumoniae
Lactose
Kleibsella
EHEC/STEC
EIEC
ETEC
Blood culture
Blood

Mannitol
nonfermenter
Duodenal drainage

Glucose, sucrose,
lactose
Fingers, food, feces,
flies
Proteus vulgaris
O157:H7
Cross reaction

Colicin
Pyosin
Marcescens
No greenish metallic
sheen
O antigen

18.Most common
manifestation of
s. typhi infection
19.week of Enteric
fever that will
yield + for blood
culture
20.red pigment assoc
w serratia
21.antigenic
structure
Removed by heat
22.B lactamase
responsible for
resistance of most
strains of
enterobac to
ampicillin

Fever
First week

Prodigiosin
H antigen
Extended spectrum
beta lactamase

Dr Lims Exam microbial metabolism

QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Sequence of
Proteins
synthesis of bldg.
blocks is template
directed
Rxn involved in
dehydrogenase rxn
interconversion of
Glucose 6 phosphate
to ribulose 5
phosphate
Pathway w glucose
HMP shunt
as focal metabolite
Intermediary product PEP
of synthesis of triose
phosphate to
pyruvate
Directly formed by
Oxaloacetate
carboxylation of PEP
in E coli
Process bet
Condensation
oxaloacetate and
acetyl coa w/c yields
citrate
Focal metabolite in
PEP
the formation of
chorismate
focal metabolite in
Oxaloacetate
formation of
aspartate
Focal metabolite in
Alpha ketoglu
the formation of
glutamate
Pathway w/c involves Glyoxylate cycle
use of acetate
Acceptor of CO2 in
Ribose 1,5-

calvin cycle
Converts benzoate to
catechol
Assimilatory pathway
w/c converts
benzoate to
dicarboxylic acid
pimelate
Formation of
glutamate from
ammonia when there
is abundance of
nitrogen source
Involves formation of
atp by substrate
phosphory using
organic donor
Microbial genetics
QUESTIONS
Use inorganic
reductants for respi
Use cmpounds and
ions other than
oxygen
Use CO2 as electron
acceptor
Use NADH as
reductant and O2 as
oxidant
Adenine base pairs
with what mRNA
nucleotide
(replaces thymine)
Purine base
Characteristic of a
prokaryote gene
Genetic element w/c
enables one gene to
migrate from one
locus to another
Genes essential for
bacterial growth
Contains gene info
for its own replication
Gene for pathogenic
determinants
Provides bacteria
mechanism to
distinguish own DNA
from others
Needs a
bacteriophage
Involves uptake of
naked gene

diphosphate
Oxygenase
Reductive pathway

Glutamate
dehydrogenase rxn

Fermentation

ANSWERS
Chemolitotrophs
Anaerobic organisms
Archaebacteria

Involves transfer of R
factors
Involves transfer of
pathogenicity island
Involves competence
factor
Corrected w SOS
response
Causes formation of
thymine dimers
Causes frameshift
mutation
Spirochetes
QUESTIONS
Spirochetes except
Treponemes
reproduce by
Treponema except
True regarding
treponema
True of hard chancer

Aerobes

True of tertiary stage

syphilis except

Uracil

Assoc. w congenital
syphilis except
Nontreponemal test

Guanine
Presence of
promoters
Transposon

Housekeeping genes
Replicons
Pathogenicity island
Restriction
endonuclease
Transduction
Transformation

Describes
treponemal antibody
test
Treatment for syphilis
Jarisch-Herxheimer
rxn
Restricted to dark
skinned races; flat
hyperpigmented
lesions
Ulcerating papules in
arms and legs, bone
destruction
Relapsing fever
caused by
Endemic relapsing
fever spread by
Recurrent relapses in
relapsing fever
Used to treat
relapsing fever

Conjugation
Transduction
Transformation
Base substitution
UV light
Acridine dyes

ANSWERS
Spore forming
Transverse fission
Use of light
microscopy
Pathogenic strains
have never been
cultured continuously
on media
Ulcer w clean soft
base
Active treponemes
are found in great
numbers
Cleft lip
universal screening
test
Confirmatory test of
+ results of
nontreponemal tests
Penicillin
Release of toxic
products from dying
spirochetes
Pinta

Yaws
B. recurrentis
Ornithodoros
Due to multiple
antigenic variants
Clindamycin

except
Erythyma migrans
described as
Appropriate for
growing borelia
Leptospirosis
classified as
Causative agent of
weil disease
L. serovar
Responsible for
causing jaundice
Main source of
environ
contamination of
leptos
Treatment of lepto
except
QUESTIONS
1. Peptidoglycan
provides the rigid
exoskeleton of CW
2. Protein a attaches
to host cells
3. Coagulase binds
org to fibrin &
fibrinogen;
clumping factor
binds to
prothrombin
4. Alpha toxin potent
hemolysin; beta
toxin degrades
sphingomyelin
5. TSST-1 and
enterotoxin are all
superantigens
6. M protein is major
virulence factor of
grp B strep
7. P substance has
no relationship to
virulence of strep
8. Streptokinase
transform
plasminogen to
plasmin
9. Hyaluronidase
aids in spreading
10.Pyrogenic
exotoxin is not a
superantigen
QUESTIONS

Bulls eye rash

BSK medium
Zoonosis
L. interrogans
Canicola
urinary tract

Erythromycin

ANSWERS
True
False
False

True

Bacteria from wool

germinate in
Necrotic ulcer in
anthrax
% of patients w
cutaneous anthrax
Anthrax growth in
blood agar
Treatment of
cutaneous anthrax
Prophylactic
antibiotic regimen
continued for
Heating leftover rice
Floppy baby, flaccid
paralysis
Botulinum blocks
what
neurotransmitter
Dose of tetanus Ig
(HTIg)
Muscle spasms, chills
Treatment of tetanus
Toxin assoc w spread
of gas gangrene to
tissues and muscles
Treatment of gas
gangrene
Lecithinase activity
of C. perfringens in
what media

Mediastinal nodes
Central black eschar
20%
Nonhemo, gray white
with ground glass
appearance
Ciprofloxacin
8 weeks
B. cereus
Honey
acetylcholine
250-500 units
C. tetani
Surgical debridement
Hyaluronidase
Prompt and extensive
surgical debridement
Egg yolk media

Chapters 11-14
Matching type (Column A to B)
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Cut glass colonies
B. anthracis
Double zone
C. perfringens
hemolysis
Club shaped w
C. tetani
terminal spore
Beaded appearance
C. diphtheriae
Tumbling and over
L. monocytogenes
end motility
Turns TSI butt black
E. rhusiopathiae
Mannitol +,
S. aureus
coagulase +
Extract contains
Strep pyogenes
COOH groups specific
substance
Stormy fermentation
L. monocytogenes
Modified AFB and
L. monocytogenes
gram +

True
False
True
True

True
False
ANSWERS

Matching type (Column B to C)

QUESTIONS
C. tetani
N. brasiliensis
C. diphtheria
C. perfringens
S. aureus
L. monocytogenes
S. pyogenes
C. botulinum
B. anthracis
E. rhusiopathiae
Chapters 22,25,26
QUESTIONS
Cut glass
appearance; fever,
chest xray patchy
appearance
Causes pneumonia
Differentiating
characteristic of L.
pneumophila
Severe anemia and
hepatosplenomegaly
Mycoplasma except
Morulae
characteristic of
Epidemic typhus
Resembles epidemic
typhus, presence of
eschar and
generalized
lymphadenopathy
Rash appears
centrally
Drug of choice for
Erlichiosis

ANSWERS
Blockade of inhibitory
neurotransmitters
Cotrimoxazole
Leather Gray
membrane colonies
Myonecrosis
Scalded skin
syndrome (SSS)
Granulomatosis
infantiseptica
Erysipelas
Floppy baby
Central black eschar
Whale finger
ANSWERS
Legionnaires disease

L. pneumophila
serotype 1
Hippurate hydrolysis
+
Oroya fever
All of the above.
Erlichiosis
Brill-Zinsser disease
is __ of old typhus
infection
Scrub typhus

Rocky mountain
spotted fever
Doxycycline

Legionella, rickettsia, mycoplasma

Identification
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
1. Counterstain
Carbol fuchsin
utilized in
2. Aa required for
L cysteine
legionella to grow
in culture
3. Phagocytosis
Coiling phagocytosis
where legionella

enters
macrophages
4. Preferred media
for isolation of
legionella
5. Preferred media
for isolation of
bartonella species
6. Bartonella in
immunocompeten
t individual
7. Bartonella in
immunocompromi
sed
8. Differential
diagnosis of
bacillary
angiomatosis
9. Reservoir of b.
henselei
10.Sunfly vector of B.
bacilliformis
11.L forms from
gram +
12.L forms from
gram 13.Adherence protein
at the tip of M.
pneumoniae
14.Drug w/c
enhances growth
of rickettsia
15.Only rickettsia w/c
is transmitted by
inhalation
Matching type
QUESTIONS
1. Mobiluncus
2. C. granulomatis
3. Gardnerella
vaginalis
4. S. moniliformis

5. T. whipplei
6. Postpartum sepsis
caused by
7. Cold agglutinin
anti I is for
8. Non gonococcal
urethritis

BCYE
Chocolate agar,
Columbia agar
Cat scratch disease
Bacillary
angiomatosis
Kaposis sarcoma

Cat
Lutzumyia
verrucarum
Protoplast
Spheroplast
P 1 adhesin
sulfonamide
Coxiella burnetti

ANSWERS
Curved, gram -,
anaerobic
Donovan bodies
Clue cells
Bacilli in chains w/
fusiform
enlargements and
large round bodies
PAS + vacuoles
M. hominis
M. pneumoniae
Ureaplasma
urealyticum /
genitalium

9. Neonatal
pneumonia
10.Chronic Bronchitis

Ureaplasma
urealyticum
M. pneumoniae

3. Q fever
4. Endemic typhus
5. RMSF

C. burnetti tick
R. typhi flea
R. rickettsiae tick

QUESTIONS
1. Epidemic typhus
2. Scrub typhus

ANSWERS
R. prowazekii louse
O. tsutsugamushi
mite

Distinctive characteristic of mycoplasma

- smallest
- lack cell wall
-