ADVANCED MATHEMATICS

Sub Code: DCN11 CIE:50

Hrs/ Week: 04
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 50
Exam Hours: 03
Course Objectives:
To enable the students in understanding the mathematical techniques involved in engineering
problems. The topics are Matrix Theory, The Calculus of Variations, Transform Methods, Elliptic
Equation and Linear & Nonlinear Programming.
Course Content:
Module-1
Matrix Theory: QR decomposition, shifted QR algorithm, generalized inverse and Singular-Value
decomposition.
10 Hours
Module-2
The Calculus of Variations: Functional, Eulers equation, Solutions of Eulers Equation,
Isoperimetric problems, Functional on several dependent variables and Functional involving higher
order derivatives
10 Hours
Module-3
Transform Methods: Laplace transform methods for one dimensional wave equation,
Displacements in a string and Fourier transform methods for one dimensional heat conduction
problems in infinite and semi-infinite rod.
10 Hours
Module-4
Elliptic Equations: Laplace equation, Properties of Harmonic functions; Fourier transforms
method for Laplace equation and Poisson equation.
10 Hours
Module-5
Linear & Nonlinear Programming: The Simplex method-Two Phase and Big M techniques, Dual
Simplex method, Lagranges multiplier method and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions and its
solutions.
10 Hours
Course Outcomes:
After completion of the course students are expected to:
1. Understand the algorithmic approach to matrix operations.
2. Find the solution of problems in dynamics of rigid bodies, optimization of orbits and vibration
problems.
3. Reduce the problem of solving differential equations to mere algebraic manipulation.
4. Solve elliptic partial differential equations.
5. Approach a wide variety of engineering problems dealing with
Reference Books:
1. Richard Bronson, Schaums Outline of Theory and Problems of Matrix Operations", McGrawHill, 1989.
2. B.S.Grewal, Higher Engineering Mathematics, Khanna Publishers, 39th Edition, 2005.
3. K. Sankara Rao, "Introduction to partial differential equations", PrenticeHall of India, 3rd
Edition, 2013.
4. Taha H A, Operations research - An introduction", McMilan Publishing co, 1982.

Antenna Design and Synthesis

Sub Code: DCN12 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 04
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 50
Exam Hours: 03
Course Objectives:
The main objective of this subject is to provide most comprehensive coverage of the technologies of
antenna types and related theory required for the synthesis of antennas required in current
applications.
Course Content
Module 1
Antenna fundamental and definitions: Radiation mechanism - overview, EM fundamentals,
Solution of Maxwell's equations for radiation problems, Ideal dipole, Radiation patterns, Directivity
and gain, Antenna impedance, Radiation efficiency, Antenna polarization. 10 Hours
Module 2
Resonant Antennas: Wires and patches, Dipole antenna, Yagi-Uda antennas, Microstrip antenna.
Aperture antennas: Rectangular apertures, circular apertures
10 Hours
Module 3
Arrays: Array factor for linear arrays, Uniformly excited equally spaced linear arrays, Pattern
multiplication, Directivity of linear arrays, No uniformly excited equally spaced linear arrays,
Mutual coupling, Multidimensional arrays, Phased arrays, Feeding techniques, Perspectives on
Arrays.
10 Hours
Module 4
Broadband antennas: Travelling wave antennas helical antennas, Biconical antennas, Sleeve
antennas, and Principles of frequency independent antennas, Spiral antennas, and Log - periodic
antennas.
10 Hours
Module 5
Antenna Synthesis: Formulation of the synthesis problem, Synthesis principles, Line sources
shaped beam synthesis, Linear array shaped beam Synthesis, Fourier series, Woodward - Lawson
sampling method, Comparison of shaped beam synthesis methods. Method of moments:
Introduction of the methods moments, Pocklington's integral equation, Integral equation and
Kirchhoffs networking equations, Source modeling.
10 Hours
Course Outcomes

Able to understand the fundamental concept related to antennas

Able to focus on the pattern generated by the different arrays of antennas
Able to study in detail regarding different types of antennas and their applications.
Able to understand the different types of Resonant antennas and aperture antennas and their
applications.
Able to understand the different types of Broadband antennas and their applications.

 Able to understand the antenna synthesis problem, synthesis principles, methods for antenna
synthesis.

Text Book:
1. C.A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design , John Wiley, 3rd edition
Reference books:
1. Stutzman and Thiele, Antenna theory and design, John Wiley, 2nd edition
2. J.D. Kraus, Antennas, McGraw Hill TMH, Fourth edition.
Probability and Random Process
Sub Code: DCN13 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 04
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 50
Exam Hours: 03
Course Objectives:
The main objective of this subject is to provide a most comprehensive study on probability theory,
random variables and random processes.
Course Content:
Module 1
Introduction to probability theory: Experiments, Sample space, Events, Axioms, Assigning
probabilities, Joint and conditional, Baye's theorem, Independence , Discrete random variables,
Random variables, Distributions, Density functions: CDF, PDF, Gaussian random variable,
Uniform, Exponential, Laplace, Gamma, Erlang, Chi-square, Rayleigh, Rician and Cauchy types of
random variables.
10 Hours

Module 2
Operation on a single random variable: Expected value, EV of random variables, EV of
functions of random variables, Central moments, Conditional Expected values
10 Hours
Module 3
Characteristics functions: Probability generating functions, Moment generating function,
Engineering applications, Scalar quantization, Entropy and source coding.
10 Hours
Module 4
Pairs of random variables: Joint PDF, Joint probability mass functions, Conditional distribution,
Density and mass functions, EV involving pairs of random variables, Independent random
variables, Complex random variables. Multiple random variables: Joint and conditional PMF, CDF,
PDF, EV involving multiple random variables, Gaussian random variable in multiple dimension,
Engineering application, Linear prediction.
10 Hours
Module 5
Random process: Definition and characterization, Mathematical tools for studying random
processes, Stationery and Ergodic random processes, Properties of ACF.Example Processes:
Markov processes, Gaussian processes, Poisson processes, Engineering application, Computer
networks, Telephone networks.
10 Hours

Course Outcomes:

Able to understand the fundamental concept related to probability.

Able to focus on the different types of discrete and continuous random variables.
Perform the different operations on random variables.
Calculating the moments using generating functions.
Computing the mean, covariance and correlation for the multiple random variables.
Analyze the different random processes.

Text books:
1. S.L.Miller and D.C.Childers, "Probability and random processes: application to signal processing
and communication", Academic press/Elsevier 2004.
Reference Books:
1.A.Papoullis and S.U.Pillai, "Probability, random variables and stochastic processes, McGraw
Hill 2002
2. Peyton Z. Peebles, "Probability, Random variables and random signal principles", TMH, 4th
edition, 2007.
3. H Stark and Woods, "Probability, random processes and application", PHI, 2001
Advanced digital communications
Sub Code: DCN14 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 04
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 50
Exam Hours: 03

Course objectives:
The objective of this subject is to educate on advanced digital communication topics such
modulation schemes, coding aspects, channel characterization and its modelling.
Course Content:
Module 1
Digital modulation techniques: Digital modulation formats, Coherent binary modulation
techniques, Coherent quadrature - modulation techniques, No-coherent binary modulation
techniques, Comparison of binary and quaternary modulation techniques, M-ray modulation
techniques, Power spectra, Bandwidth efficiency, M-ary modulation formats viewed in the light of
the channel capacity theorem, Effect of intersymbol interference, Bit verses symbol error
probabilities, Synchronization, Applications.
10 Hours
Module 2
Coding techniques: Convolutional encoding, Convolutional encoder representation, Formulation
of the convolutional decoding problem, Properties of convolutional codes: Distance property of
convolutional codes, Systematic and non-systematic convolutional codes, Performance Bounds for
Convolutional codes, Coding gain, Other convolutional decoding algorithms, Sequential decoding,
Feedback decoding, Turbo codes.
10 Hours

Module 3
Communication through band limited linear filter channels: Optimum receiver for channel with
ISI and AWGN, Linear equalization, Decision - feedback equalization, Reduced complexity ML
detectors, Iterative equalization and decoding - Turbo equalization. Adaptive equalization: Adaptive
linear equalizer, adaptive decision feedback equalizer, Adaptive equalization of Trellis - coded
signals, Recursive least square algorithms for adaptive equalization, Self recovering (blind)
equalization.
10 Hours
Module 4
Spread spectrum signals for digital communication: Model of spread spectrum digital
communication system, Direct sequence spread spectrum signals, Frequency hopped spread
spectrum signals, CDMA, Time hopping SS, Synchronization of SS systems.
10 Hours
Module 5
Digital communication through fading multipath channels: Characterization of fading multipath
channels, the effect of signal characteristics on the choice of a channel model, Frequency
nonselective, slowly fading channel, Diversity techniques for fading multipath channels, Digital
signals over a frequency selective, slowly fading channel, Coded wave forms for fading channels,
multiple antenna systems.
10 Hours
Course outcomes

1. The graduating student must apply knowledge of basic mathematics, basic sciences, and
technological advancement, to the domain of this course.
2. The graduating student must identify, formulate and solve engineering problems specific to
the domain of digital communication systems after graduation.
3. The graduating student must apply his ability to use the techniques, skills and modern
engineering tools necessary for digital communication engineering practice.
4. The graduate acquires the basic knowledge of coding techniques used in current
applications.
5. Understand and analyze noise, signal, Noise figure of systems, spectrum and spectral
characteristics of different modulation schemes, etc.
6. To develop an understanding of physical channels characteristic and solve the real time
issues related to the transmission over a channel.

Text books:
1. John G. Proakis, "Digital Communication", McGraw Hill, 4th edition, 2001.
Reference Books:
1. Simon Haykin, "Digital communications", John Wiley and Sons.
2. Bernard Sklar, "Digital Communication - Fundamental and applications", Pearson
education (Asia), Pvt. Ltd., 2nd edition, 2001.
3. Andrew J. Viterbi, "CDMA: Principles of spread spectrum communications", Prentice
Hall, USA, 1995.
Antenna Measurements and Networking Lab
Sub Code: DCN16 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 03
SEE:50

Total Hrs: 42

Exam Hours: 03

Course objectives:
The main objective of this Digital communication and Networking Lab is to study Radiation
patterns, Directivity and gain of different antennas. To study the different modulation techniques
and their applications.
Experiments can be done using Hardware tools such as Signal sources, Power Supplies,
Oscilloscopes, High frequency signal sources, fiber kits, Measurement benches, FPGA kit, PC
setups, etc. Software tools experiments can be done using, FEKO simulator, NS2 simulator,
MATLAB etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Matlab /C implementation of to obtain the radiation pattern of an antenna.

Experimental study of radiation pattern of different antennas.
Measurement techniques of radiation characteristics of an antenna.
Impedance measurements of Horn/Yagi/dipole/Parabolic antennas.
Analysis of E & H plane horns.
Determine the directivity and gains of Horn/ Yagi/ dipole/ Parabolic antennas.
Determination of the modes transit time, electronic timing range and sensitivity of klystron
source.
8. Antenna resonance and gain bandwidth measurements.
9. Study of digital modulation techniques (BASK, BFSK, BPSK) using CD4051 IC.
10. Conduct an experiment for Voice and data multiplexing using optical fiber.
11. Determination of VI characteristics of GUNN diode, and measurement of guide wave
length, frequency and VSWR.
12. Determination of coupling coefficient and insertion loss of directional couplers and Magic
tee.
13. Simulate the different types of Internet traffic such as FTP and TELNET over a network and
analyze the throughput using NS2 simulator tool
14. Simulate the transmission of ping messages over a network topology consisting of 6 nodes
and find the number of packets dropped due to congestion using NS2 simulator tool
15. Simulate an Ethernet LAN using n nodes and set multiple traffic nodes and determine
collision across different nodes using NS2 simulator tool.

Course outcomes:
Able to understand the antenna resonance characteristics and gain bandwidth characteristics
of different antennas.
Able to understand the Network Simulator tool and simulate the various internet traffic over
Network Protocols and analyze the throughput.
Able to understand and conduct the V-I characteristics of GUNN diodes and measurement
of various parameters associated with Gunn diodes.
Able to understand the Radiation pattern of Microstrip and Rectangular waveguides
antennas.
Able to understand how voice and data communication takes place in optical fiber kits.
Able to understand the Modes of operation in Klystron source and also sensitivity of
Klystron sources.

Wireless and Mobile Networks

Sub Code: DCN151 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 04
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 50
Exam Hours: 03
Course Objectives:
To understand an overview of Wireless Communication networks area and terminologies,
principles, schemes, concepts, protocols and different methodologies used in Wireless
Communication Networks.
Course Content:
Module 1
Review of fundamentals of wireless communication and Networks: Wireless communication
channel specifications, Wireless communication systems, Wireless networks, Switching
technology, Communication problems, Wireless network issues and standards. 10 Hours
Module 2
Wireless body area networks: Properties, Network architectures, Components, Technologies,
Design issues, Protocols and applications. Wireless personal area networks: Architectures,
Components, Requirements, Technologies and protocols, Bluetooth and Zigbee. 10 Hours
Module 3
Wireless LANs: Network components, design requirements, Architectures, IEEE-802.11x, WLAN
protocols, 802.11p and applications.
10 Hours
Module 4
WMANs, IEEE-802.16: Architectures, Components, WiMax mobility support, Protocols,
Broadband networks and applications, WWANs, cellular networks, Satellite Network, Applications.
10 Hours
Module 5
Wireless ad-hoc networks: Introduction, Issues in Ad hoc wireless networks, Ad hoc wireless
internet, Mobile ad-hoc networks, , Sensor network, Mesh networks, VANETs. 10 Hours
Course Outcomes:
Students will learn basic principles of wireless and mobile networks with focus on computer
and data networks, Knowledge of basic protocols and interfaces.
Acquire solid knowledge on mobile networks and mobile computing.
Applying advanced data communicating methods and network protocols for wireless and
mobile environments.
Creatively analyze wireless cellular network aspects
Develop the knowledge related to satellite networks and applications
Acquire the solid knowledge on Ad-hoc mobile networks
Text Book:
1. S. S. Manvi, and M. S. Kakkasageri, "Wireless and Mobile network concepts and Protocols",
Wiley, 1st edition, 2010.
Reference books:

1. Ad hoc wireless Networks, C. Siva Ram Murthy & B. S. Manoj, Pearson Education, 2nd
Edition, reprint 2005.
2. P. Kaveh, Krishnamurthy, "Principles of Wireless network: A unified approach", PHI, 2006.
3. Iti Saha Mitra, "Wireless communication and network: 3G and Beyond", McGraw Hill, 2009.
4. P. Nicopolitidis, M. S. Obaidat, et al, "Wireless Networks", Wiley, 2009.
5. Yi-Bing Lin, Imrich Chlamtac, "Wireless and Mobile Network Architectures", Wiley, 2009.
6. Mullet, "Introduction to Wireless Telecommunication Systems and Networks", Cengage, 2009.
RF design using CMOS
Sub Code: DCN152 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 04
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 50
Exam Hours: 03
Course objectives:
To understand the Fundamental RF circuit and systems, related to the current art of CMOS
technology.
Course Content
Module 1:
Introduction: Introduction to RF and wireless Technology, Complexity and comparison, Design
bottleneck, Applications, Analog and digital systems, Choice of Technology; Basic concepts of RF
design Non linearity and time variance, Inter symbol interference, Random processes and noise
Sensitivity and dynamic range, Passive impedance transformation.
10 Hours
Module 2:
Modulation and detection: General considerations, Analog modulation, AM, FM, and FM, Digital
modulation basic concept, Binary and quadrature modulations, Power efficiency of modulation
schemes constant variable envelope signals, spectral growth, Non coherent detection, Receiver
architectures Heterodyne receivers, Homodyne receivers, Image reject receivers, Digital IF
receivers, Sub sampling receivers, Transmitter architectures Direct conversion transmitters, Two
step transmitters, Transceiver performance tests, and case studies.
10 Hours
Module 3:
Low noise amplifiers : Introduction, General considerations, Input matching, Bipolar LNAs,
CMOS LNAs, down conversion mixers General considerations, Bipolar mixers, Noise in Mixers,
Cascaded stages, Oscillators General considerations, Basic LC oscillator topologies, Voltage
controlled oscillators, Phase noise Effect of phase noise in RF communications, Q of an
Oscillator, Phase noise mechanisms, Noise power trade-off, Effect of frequency division and
multiplication on phase noise, Bipolar and CMOS LC Oscillators, Negative Gm Oscillator,
Interpolative oscillators, Monolithic inductors, Resonator less VCOs, Quadrature signal generation,
Single sideband generation.
10 Hours
Module 4:
Frequency synthesizer: General consideration, Phase locked loop Basic concepts, Basic PLL,
Charge pump PLL, Type I and Type II PLLs, Noise in PLLs, Phase noise at input, Phase noise at
VCO, Frequency modulation, RF synthesizer architecture Integer N architecture, Fractional N

Architecture, Dual loop architectures, Direct digital synthesis, Frequency dividers Divide by two
circuits, dual modulus dividers. Case studies - Current state-of-the-art synthesizers, numerically
controlled oscillators.
10 Hours
Module 5:
Power amplifier: General considerations, Linear and nonlinear power amplifiers (PAs),
Classification of power amplifiers Class A and B PAs, Class C PAs, High frequency PAs, Large
signal impedance matching, Linearization techniques Feed forward, Feedback, Envelop
elimination and restoration, LINC, Design examples. Multiple access techniques and wireless
standards Mobile RF communications, Multiple access techniques Time and frequency division
duplexing, Frequency division multiple access, Time division multiple access, Code division
multiple access, Wireless standards Advanced mobile phone service, North America digital
standards, Global system for mobile communication (GSM), Qualcomm CDMA, and Digital
European Cordless telephone.
10 Hours
Course outcomes
1. The graduating student must apply knowledge of basic mathematics, basic sciences, and
technological advancement, related to this domain.
2. The graduating student must identify, formulate and solve engineering problems specific to
his domain of graduation.
3. The graduating student must apply his ability to use the techniques, skills and modern
engineering tools necessary for engineering practice.
4. Acquires the basic knowledge of RF electronics utilized in the industry and develop skills to
build up a complex RF systems.
5. Acquire an ability to design and develop RF circuits using CAD tools and computers.
6. To develop an understanding of various wireless standards and technologies related to RF
CMOS and its applications toward current industry.

Text Book:
1. Behzad Raavi, RF Micoelectronics, Prentice Hall, 2002.
Reference Book:
1. Mathew M. Radmanesh Radio Frequency and Microwave Electronics Illustrated, Pearson
Education, 2006.

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Sub Code: DCN153 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 04
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 50
Exam Hours: 03
Course Objectives:

After learning this course the students have following skills to determine the orbital parameters of a
satellite and its future applications, signal to Noise ratio in digital link using appropriate multiple
access techniques, GEO or LEO satellites to carry voice and video signals.

COURSE CONTENTS
Module 1
Introduction to satellite communication: Basic concepts of satellite communication, comparison
of network transmission technologies, orbital and space craft problems, growth of satellite
communications .Orbits: Two body Problem, Orbital mechanics, classical orbital elements, the Geo
stationary orbit, change in Longitude, orbital Maneuvers, orbital transfers, orbital perturbations,
other orbits for satellite communication.
10 Hours

Module 2
Satellite orbits: Introduction, Laws governing satellite motion, orbital period and velocity, effects
of orbital inclination, look angles, coverage angle and slant range, eclipse, orbital perturbations,
orbital effects in communication system performance, Placement of satellite in Geostationary orbit.
Satellite link Design: Introduction, Basic link analysis, attenuation in Propagation on satellite,
Propagation effects that are not associated with Hydrometers, Rain and ice effects, system noise
temperature, carrier to noise ratio, uplink design, Down link design, Interference analysis, system
availability, Satellite link design., Problems
10 Hours
Module 3
Space craft: Introduction, spacecraft design, structure, Primary power, thermal subsystem,
Telemetry, Tracking and command, Attitude control, Propulsion subsystem system reliability,
estimating the mass of communications satellites.
10 Hours
Module 4
Multiple access techniques: Introduction, Frequency division Multiple access, Multiple channel
per carrier, single channel per carrier (SCPC) , FDM/FM/FDMA Link Time division multiple
access, TDMA Frame structure, TDMA Frame Efficiency, TDMA Super frame structure, frame
acquisition and synchronization, FDMA/TDMA operation in a multiple beam environment, Code
division Multiple access, PN sequence, Direct sequence spread spectrum systems, frequency
Hoped spread spectrum system, capacity of CDMA systems, Demand Assignment TDMA, SCPC
DAMA, SPADE, Solved examples.
10 Hours
Module 5
Modulation, coding and Multiplexing: Introduction, signal sources, Analog transmission systems,
frequency division Multiplexing, frequency modulation analog television transmission, Digital
transmission systems, source coding, Digital modulation and demodulation, Time division
multiplexing, solved examples. Satellite navigation and Global Positioning systems: satellite
Navigation, GPS principles, GPS receivers and codes, signal Acquisition and timing, The GPS
system, Differential GPS.Applications and future trends of satellite communication: Introduction,
Direct broadcast satellite television, Error control in DBS TV, Satellite radio broadcasting, Network
layers and TCP link, satellite Mobile services, VSAT, RADARSAT, ORBCOMM.
10 Hours

Text books:
1. Satellite communication systems engineering- Wilbur L Pritchard, Henri G suyderhoud and
Robert A Nelson/ second edition, Pearson education.
Reference books:
1. Satellite communication- Dharma Raj Cheeruku , I.K. International Publishing House private
limited- New Delhi.
2. Satellite communication- Dennis Roddy / Fourth edition, Pearson education.
Course Outcomes:
Practical methods of analysis while designing satellites and its coding techniques in order to
Track signals.
To learn more topics and coding about space craft design, Propulsion, Modulation and
coding theory and antennas.
Calculation of basic satellite communication parameters such as channel capacity, picture
quality, signal to noise ratio, bit error rate and earth station, antenna size and launch
characteristics and launch vehicles.
How satellites plays a major role in military not only for communications and surveillance
but also weapon guiding,
Discuss the future trends and advanced concepts relating to satellite communication systems
using GEO or LEO satellites to carry voice, video, or data signals using digital modulation
techniques.
Minimum Geostationary satellites will be required to have a full coverage of Earth,
advantages and disadvantages of geostationary orbit for satellite communications.
CMOS VLSI DESIGN
Sub Code: DCN154 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 04
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 50
Exam Hours: 03
Course objectives:
To bring both Circuits and System views on design together. It offers a profound understanding of
the design of complex digital VLSI circuits and its advantages, VLSI needs in todays world. To
give an idea of testability of design circuits.
Course Content
Module 1
MOS Transistor: The Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Structure, the MOS System under
External Bias, Structure and Operation of MOS Transistor, MOSFET Current-Voltage
Characteristics, MOSFET Scaling and Small-Geometry Effects.
MOS Inverters: Static Characteristics: Introduction, Resistive-Load Inverter, Inverters with n_Type
MOSFET Load, CMOS Inverter.
10 Hours
Module 2

MOS Inverters: Switching Characteristics and Interconnect Effects: Introduction, Delay-Time

Definition, Calculation of Delay Times, Inverter Design with Delay Constraints, Estimation of
Interconnect Parasitics, Calculation of Interconnect Delay, Switching Power Dissipation of CMOS
Inverters.
10 Hours
Module 3
Dynamic Logic Circuits: Introduction, Basic Principles of Pass Transistor Circuits, Voltage
Bootstrapping, Synchronous Dynamic Circuit Techniques, Dynamic CMOS Circuit Techniques,
High Performance Dynamic CMOS Circuits. Semiconductor Memories: Introduction, Dynamic
Random Access Memory (DRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Nonvolatile
Memory, Flash Memory, Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (FRAM).
10
Hours
Module 4
Low-Power CMOS Logic Circuits: Introduction, Overview of Power Consumption, Low-Power
Design Through Voltage Scaling, Estimation and Optimization of Switching Activity, Reduction of
Switched Capacitance, Adiabatic Logic Circuits.
BiCMOS Logic Circuits: Introduction, Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT): Structure and Operation,
Dynamic Behavior of BJTs, Basic BiCMOS Circuits: Static Behavior, Switching Delay in BiCMOS
Logic Circuits, BiCMOS Applications.
10 Hours
Module 5
Testability: Performance parameters. Layout issues. I/O pads. Real estate. System delays. Ground
rules for design. Test and testability.
10 Hours
Course outcomes:
To be aware about the trends in semiconductor technology, and how it impacts scaling and
performance.
Able to learn Layout, Stick diagrams, Fabrication steps, Static and Switching characteristics
of inverters
Synthesis of digital VLSI systems from register-transfer or higher level descriptions in
hardware design languages.
To understand MOS transistor as a switch and its capacitance.
Student will be able to design digital systems using MOS circuits.
Students will get an understanding of testing based on the various performance parameters.
Text Books:
1. Sung Mo Kang & Yosuf Leblebici, CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits: Analysis and Design,
Tata McGraw-Hill, Third Edition.
Reference Books:
1. Neil Weste and K. Eshragian, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design: A System Perspective,
Second Edition, Pearson Education (Asia) Pvt. Ltd. 2000.
2. Basic VLSI Design - Douglas A. Pucknell & Kamran Eshraghian, PHI 3rd Edition (original
Edition 1994), 2005.

NETWORK PROGRAMMING
Sub Code: DCN155 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 04
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 50
Exam Hours: 03
Course Objectives:
Develop the ability to Design Network programming in UNIX platform for various data
communication applications.
Course Content
Module 1
Introduction :Introduction ,Transport Layer :overview of TCP/IP protocols,
UDP,TCP,SCTP,TCP connection establishment and termination, TCP STATE
DIAGRAM,TIME_WAIT,SCTP association Establishment and termination, SCTP
STATE DIAGRAM, port number, socket pair, TCP port numbers and concurrent
servers, Buffer Sizes and Limitations
10 Hours
Module 2
Socket Address structure and Elementary TCP Socket: Sockets Introduction:IPv4
socket address structure,IPv6 socket address structure, value result arguments, Byte
ordering functions, Byte Manipulation functions, address conversion function,
readn, writen and redline function, Elementary TCP sockets: socket functions for
elementary TCP ,concurrent servers, TCP Client/Server Example :TCP echo client /server
programme, POSIX signal handling, wait and wait pid functions 10 Hours
Module 3
Elementary SCTP Socket and Name and Address Conversions: Interface Models,one
to one style, one to many style, socket functions for one to many style,SCTP client
/server
Example:
SCTP
streaming
echo
client
and
sever.HOL
blocking,DNS,resolvers and Name servers, gethostbyname, gethostbyaddr,
getservbyname and getservbyport,getaddrinfo,Re-enrant Functions
10 Hours

Module 4
Advanced Sockets: IPv4 and IPv6 Interoperability,Daemon Processes and the inetd Superserver
Advanced I/O Functions Unix Domain Protocols Nonblocking I/O ioctl Operations Sockets
Broadcasting Multicasting Out-at-Band Data IP Options ,Threads ,Raw Sockets Data link Access
10 Hours

Module 5
Advanced Unix Programming: Fundamental concept:versions of UNIX,using system calls,error
handling.,UNIX system standars,common header files,basic file I/O:introduction to file I/O,File
descriptors,open,create,write,read
sytem
calls,basic
interprocesss
communication

:pipe,dup,dup2,two way communication with unidirectional pipes , two way communication with
bidirectional pipes
10 Hours
Course Outcomes:
A student who successfully fulfills the course requirements will have demonstrated:
An ability to develop socket programs for various protocols like TCP,UDP and SCTP
An ability to develop both connection-oriented and connectionless network programs, define
the difference between them, and to choose the appropriate primitive for different
applications requirements.
An ability to understand the performance characteristics and implement both incremental
and concurrent network servers using threads or processes.
Demonstrate IPv4 and IPv6 interoperability.
Analyze Domain Name servers.
An ability to design client server program for data transmission using UNIX platform in C
programming language.

Text Books:
1. W. Richard Stevens, Bill Fenner, Andrew M. Rudoff: UNIX Network Programming.
Volume 1, Third Edition, Pearson 2004

Reference Books:
1.

Marc J Rochkind, Advanced UNIX Programming,second Edition, Pearson 2004

Advanced Embedded System
Sub Code: DCN156 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 04
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 50
Exam Hours: 03

Course Objective:
To expose students to techniques and methodology in embedded system design. Students will
develop experience in design, simulation, verification and implementation using industry standard
IDE tools.

Course Content
Module 1
Typical embedded system: Core of the embedded system, Memory, Sensors and Actuators,
Commutation interface, embedded firmware, and other system components. Characteristics and
quality attribution of Embedded Systems.
10 Hours

Module 2

Hardware software co-design and program modeling: Fundamental issues in hardware software
co-design, Computational models in embedded design, Introduction to Unified modeling language,
Hardware software trade-off.
10 Hours

Module 3
Embedded firmware design and development: Embedded firmware design approaches,
embedded firmware development language. Real time operating system (RTOS) based embedded
system design: Operating system basics, Types of OS, Tasks, Process and threads, Multiprocessing
and multitasking, Task scheduling, Threads, Processing and scheduling: Putting them altogether,
Task communication, task synchronization, Device drivers, How to choose an RTOS.
10 Hours

Module 4
The embedded system development environment: The Integrated development environment
(IDE), Types of files generated on cross compilation, Disassembler /Decompilers, Emulators and
debugging, Target hardware debugging, Boundary scan.
10 Hours
Module 5
Trends in the embedded industry: Processor trends in embedded system, Embedded OS trends,
development language trends, Open standards, Frameworks and alliances, Bottlenecks.
10 Hours
Course Outcomes:
1. To understand and experience of state-of-the-practice industrial embedded systems and
intelligent embedded system development.
2. To theoretically know in the areas of real-time systems, artificial intelligence, sensor and
measuring systems, and their interdisciplinary nature needed for integrated
hardware/software development of embedded systems.
3. To be able to analyze a system both as whole and in the included parts, to understand how
these parts interact in the functionality and properties of the system.
4. To know and apply the knowledge real time operating systems in embedded applications.
5. To learn different variants of processors used in embedded application.
6. To be able to understand the operating characteristics of embedded and real time systems.

Text Books:
1. K. V. Shibu, "Introduction to embedded systems", TMH education Pvt. Ltd.,2009
Reference books
1. James K. Peckol, "Embedded systems- A contemporary design tool", John Wiley, 2008.
Multimedia communication
II Semester M.Tech
Wireless Communication
Sub Code: DCN21 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 04
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 50
Exam Hours: 03

Course Objectives
The main objective of this subject is to provide a most comprehensive coverage of the principles of
wireless communication systems and technologies.
Course Content
Module 1
Wireless channel: Physical modeling for wireless channels, I/O model of wireless channels, time
and frequency response, Statistical models
10 Hours
Module 2
Point-to-Point Communication: Detection in Rayleigh fading channels, Time diversity, Antenna
diversity, Frequency diversity, Impact of the channel uncertainty.
10 Hours
Module 3
Diversity: Introduction Micro-diversity, Micro-diversity and Simulcast combination of signals,
Error probability in fading channels with diversity reception, Transmit diversity.
10 Hours
Module 4
Capacity of wireless channel: AWGN channel capacity, Resources of AWGN channel, linear time
invariant Gaussian channel, Capacity of fading channels.
10 Hours
Module 5
MIMO Systems: Introduction, Space diversity and system based on space diversity, Smart antenna
systems and MIMO, MIMO based system architecture; MIMO exploits multipath, Space time
processing, Antenna considerations for MIMO. MIMO channel modeling, MIMO channel
measurements, MIMO channel capacity, CDD, Space time coding, advantages and applications of
MIMO, MIMO application in 3G,MIMO-1, Spatial multiplexing channel modeling: Multiplexing
capability of MIMO channels, Physical modeling of MIMO channels. Modeling MIMO fading
channels, Multi antenna systems, Smart antennas, Multiple Input and Multiple Output systems.
10
Hours
Course Outcomes

Graduate will learn about the different wireless channels

Understand the radio signal characteristics.
Improve the propagation of radio signals based on diversity.
The students will understand the capacity of different types of mobile radio channels
Graduates will be introduced about the MIMO systems.
Graduates will learn the modelling of MIMO fading channels.

Text Book:
1. David Tse, P. Vishwanath, "Fundamentals of Wireless Communication", Cambridge, 2006.
Reference books:
1. Ke-Lin Du, ad M.N.S. Swamy, "Wireless communication systems-From RF subsystems to 4G
enabling Technologies", Cambridge,
South Asian 2010 edition.

2. C. Y. William, Lee, "Mobile communication engineering theory and applications", TMH, 2008.
3. Upen Dalal, "Wireless communication", Oxford, 2009.
4. Mark Ciampa, Jorge Olenwa, "Wireless communication", Cengage, 2007.
RF and Microwave Circuit Design
Sub Code: DCN22 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 04
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 50
Exam Hours: 03
Course Objective:
The main objective of this subject is to educate on advanced topics of RF and Microwave circuits,
their, design fundamentals and implementation aspects.
Course Contents
Module 1
Wave propagation in network: Introduction, Reasons for using RF/Microwaves, Applications, RF
waves, RF and Microwave circuit design
10 Hours
Module 2
Introduction: Introduction to components basics, Analysis of simple circuit phasor domain, RF
impedance matching, Properties of waves, transmission media, Micro strip lines, High frequency
parameters, Formulation of S-parameters, Properties, transmission matrix, Generalized Sparameters.
10 Hours
Module 3
Passive circuit design: Introduction, Smith chart, Scales, Application of Smith chart, Design of
matching networks, Definition of impedance matching, Matching using lumped and distributed
elements. Basic consideration in active networks and design of amplifiers, oscillators and detector
10 Hours
Module 4
Stability: Stability consideration, gain consideration, Noise consideration. Linear and nonlinear
design: Introduction, Types of amplifier, Design of different types of amplifiers, Multi stage small
signal amplifiers, Design of transistor oscillators, Detector losses, detector design.
10 Hours
Module 5
Mixers Phase shifters and RF and Microwave IC design: Mixer types, Conversion loss for SSB
mixers, One diode mixer, Phase shifters, Digital phase shifters, Semiconductor phase shifters, RF
and microwave IC design, MICs, MIC materials, Types of MICs, Hybrid verses monolithic ICs,
Chip materials.
10 Hours
Course Outcomes
Understand the transmission line circuits at RF and microwave frequencies.
Analyze the passive distributed components used at RF and microwave networks.
Design Passive circuits with the aid of Smith charts to implement complex Microwave
systems.
Obtains a considerable knowledge on the stability issues in amplifiers, etc.

 To acquire an ability to design small signal amplifiers, broadband amplifiers, power

amplifiers, and mixers.
Acquire an ability to comprehend and analyze mixers, phase shifters and Microwave IC
Design etc.
Text book:
1. Matthew M. Radmanesh, "RF and Microwave Electronics Illustrated", Pearson Education
edition, 2004.
Reference books:
1. Reinhold Ludwig, and Pavel Bretchko,"RF circuit design theory and applications", Pearson
Education edition, 2004.

Modern DSP
Sub Code: DCN23 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 04
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 50
Exam Hours: 03
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this course is to provide in-depth treatment on methods and techniques in discrete
time signal transforms, digital filter design, multi-rate digital signal processing, adaptive filtering
techniques using LMS algorithm, RLS algorithm and to study the applications of adaptive
filtering. DSP architectures which are of importance in the areas of signal processing, control and,
communications.
Course Content
Module 1
Introduction and Discrete Fourier transforms: Signals, Systems and processing, Classification
of signals, The concept of frequency in continuous time and discrete time signals, Analog to digital
and digital to analog conversion, Frequency-domain sampling. The discrete Fourier transform,
Properties of the DFT, Linear filtering methods based on the DFT. 10 Hours
Module 2
Design of digital filters: General considerations, design of FIR filters, Design of IIR filters from
analog filters, Frequency transformations.
10 Hours
Module 3
Multirate digital signal processing: Introduction, decimation by a factor 'D', Interpolation by a
factor 'I', sampling rate conversion by a factor 'I/D', Implementation of sampling rate conversion,
Multistage implementation of sampling rate conversion, Sampling rate conversion of band pass
signals.
10 Hours
Module 4

Sampling: Sampling rate conversion by an arbitrary factor, Applications of multirate signal

processing, Digital filter banks, two channel quadrature mirror filter banks, M-channel QMF bank.
10 Hours
Module 5
Adaptive filter: Applications of adaptive filters, Adaptive direct form FIR filters, The LMS
algorithm, Adaptive direct form filters, RLS algorithm.
10 Hours

COURSE OUTCOMES:
Students will be able

To formulate engineering problems in terms of DSP tasks

To design and test DSP algorithms
To analyse digital and analog signals and systems;
To recover information from signals and to design and simulate digital filters;
Discrete-Time Fourier Transforms, Discrete Fourier Transform, and Sampling.
To design adaptive filters for a given application and to design multi-rate DSP.

Text Books:
1.Proakis, and Manolakis, "Digital signal processing", 3rd edition, Prentice Hall, 1996.
Reference books:
1. Robert. O. Cristi, "Modern Digital signal processing", Cengage Publishers, India, 2003.
2. S. K. Mitra, "Digital signal processing: A computer based approach", 3rd edition, TMH, India,
2007.
3. E.C. Ifeachor, and B. W. Jarvis, "Digital signal processing: A Practitioner's approach", Second
Edition, Pearson Education, India, 2002, Reprint.

Optical Communication and Networking

Sub Code: DCN24 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 04
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 50
Exam Hours: 03
Course objectives

To understand the propagation of signal in optical fiber, different kind of losses, signal
distortion in optical wave guides and other signal degradation factors and to learn the various
optical source materials, LED structures, quantum efficiency, Laser diodes and designing optical
network components, variety of networking aspects, FDDI, SONET/SDH and understanding
operational principles of WDM network.
Module 1

Introduction: Propagation of signals in optical fiber, Different losses, Nonlinear effects, Solutions
10 Hours
Module 2
Optical components: Couplers, Isolators, Circulators,
Interferometers, Amplifiers, Optical sources, Detectors
Hours

Multiplexers,

Filters,

Gratings,
10

Module 3
Modulation: Demodulation: Formats, Ideal receivers, Practical detection receivers, Optical
preamplifiers, Noise considerations, Bit error rates, Coherent detection. Transmission system
engineering: System model, Power penalty, Transmitter, Receiver, Different optical amplifiers,
Dispersion.
10 Hours
Module 4
Optical Networks: Client layers of optical layer, SONET/SDH, Multiplexing, layers, Frame
structure, ATM functions, Adaptation layers, Quality of Service (QoS) and flow control, ESCON,
HIPPL. WDM network elements: Optical line terminal, Optical line amplifiers, Optical cross
connectors, WDM network design, Cost tradeoffs, LTD and RWA problems, Routing and
wavelength assignment, Wavelength conversion, Statistical dimensioning model. 10 Hours
Module 5
Control and management: Network management functions, management framework, Information
model, management protocols, Layers within optical layer performance and fault management,
Impact of transparency, BER measurement, Optical trace, Alarm management, Configuration
management.
10 Hours
Course Outcomes
Will be able to apply optical knowledge on optical network for solving problems in optical
networking domain.
Graduate will demonstrate the ability to design a system, component or process as per
needs and specification.
Will be able to investigate the research based problem in area of optical networking by
conducting experiments on a software platform such as OPNET.
Will be able to formulate, research review in field of optical network and give conclusion
using engineering mathematics.
Will be able to comprehend and design optical network for many application.
Graduate will develop confidence for self education and ability for lifelong learning.

Text books:
1. John M. Senior, "Optical fiber communication", Pearson edition, 2000.
Reference books:
1. Rajiv Ramswami and K. N. Sivarajan, "Optical Networks", Morgon Kauffman Publishers, 2000.
2. Gerd Kaiser, "Optical fiber Communication Systems", John Wiley, New York, 1997.
3. P. E. Green, "Optical Networks", Prentice Hall, 1994

BROADBAND WIRELESS NETWORKS

Sub Code: DCN251 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 04
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 50
Exam Hours: 03
Course Objectives:
To understand the propagation the concepts of mobile cellular networks and explain the
differences between the technologies, architectures for wireless broadband networks, with a
special focus on Long-term evolution cellular networks, WiMAX, Wireless LAN and
cognitive radio networks.

Course Contents
Module 1
WiMAX Genesis and framework: 802.16 standard, WiMAX forum, Other 802.16 standards,
Protocol layer topologies - Layers of WiMAX, CS,MAC CPS, Security layer, Phy layer, Reference
model, topology.
10 Hours
Module 2
Frequency utilization and system profiles: Cellular concept, Licensed and unlicensed
frequencies, Fixed WiMAX system profiles, Mobile WiMAX profiles.
10 Hours
Module 3
WiMAX physical layer: OFDM transmission, SOFDMA, subcarrier permutation, 802.16
transmission chains, Channel coding, Turbo coding, Burst profile.
10 Hours
Module 4
WiMAX MAC and QoS: CS layer, MAC function and frames, Multiple access and burst profile,
Uplink bandwidth allocation and request mechanisms, Network entry and QoS management.
10 Hours
Module 5
Radio engineering considerations: Radio resource management, Advance antenna technology in
WiMAX, MBS. WiMAX architecture, Mobility handover and power save modes, Security.
10 Hours
Course Outcomes:
Fundamental concepts and principles of wireless broadband networks:
Able to understand the fundamental concepts of Enabling technologies including OFDMA,
MIMO and ultra wideband communications.
Able to understand the System and architecture of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cellular
networks, WiMAX, wireless LAN (WLAN) and cognitive radio networks.
Able to understand the techniques of Medium access control, radio resource management
including scheduling and admission control and QoS provisioning * Techniques /

methodologies applicable to the problems of network planning for wireless broadband

networks.
To be able to understand the concepts of mobile cellular networks and explain the
differences between the technologies.
The course will cover relevant areas of technology and architectures for wireless broadband
networks, with a special focus on Long-term evolution cellular networks, WiMAX, Wireless
LAN and cognitive radio networks.
Able to understand Mobility Handoff techniques and power save techniques, Radio resource
management techniques.
Text books:
1. Loutfi Nuyami, "WiMAX - Technology for broadband access", John Wiley, 2007.
Reference books:
1. Yan Zhang, Hsia-Hwa Chen, "Mobile WiMAX", Aurobech Publications, 2008.
ASIC DESIGN
Sub Code: DCN252 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 04
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 50
Exam Hours: 03
Course Objective:
The course focuses on the semi custom IC Design and introduces the principles of design logic
cells, I/O cells and interconnects architecture, with equal importance given to FPGA and ASIC
styles. The entire FPGA and ASIC design flow is dealt with from the circuit and layout design point
of view.
Course Content
Module 1
Introduction: Full custom with ASICs, Semicustom ASICs, Standard cell based ASIC, Gate array
based ASIC, Channelled gate array, Channelless gate array, structured gate array, Programmable
logic device, FPGA design flow, ASIC cell libraries.
10
Hours
Module 2
Data logic cells: Datapath elements: Adders, Multipliers, Arithmetic operator, I/O cell, Cell
compilers.
10 Hours
Module 3
ASIC Library design: Logical effort: Practicing delay, Logical area and logical efficiency, Logical
paths, Multi stage cells, optimum delay, Optimum number of stages, Library cell design. 10 Hours
Module 4
Low-level design entry: Schematic entry: Hierarchical design, The cell library, Names, Schematic,
Icons and symbols, Nets, Schematic entry for ASICs, Connections, Vectored instances and buses,
Edit in place attributes, Netlist, Screener, back annotation.
10 Hours

Module 5
Programmable ASIC: Programmable ASIC logic cell, ASIC I/O cell. A brief introduction to low
level design Language: An Introduction to EDIF, PLA tools, an introduction to CFI designs
representation, Half gate ASIC, Introduction to synthesis and simulation. ASIC construction, floor
planning and placement and routing: Physical design, CAD tools, System partitioning, Estimating
ASIC size, Partitioning methods, Floor planning tools, I/O and power planning, Clocking planning,
Placement algorithms, Iterative placement improvement, Ti driven placement methods, Physical
design flow global routing, Logical routing, Detailed routing, Special routing, Circuit extraction and
DRC.
10 Hours
Course Outcome:
After completing this course, the student would have gained knowledge in the

Block level abstractions of FPGA and ASIC design.

Circuit implementation of digital building blocks.
Library creation and usage in IC industry.
Design process involved in circuit net lists.
Industry standards tools used in IC design flow and its needs in design process.
Placing and proper routing of block cells in design process.

Text Book:
1.M. J. S. Smith, "Application Specific Integrated Circuits", Pearson education, 200.
Reference books:
1. Jose E. France, Yannis Tsividis, "Design of Analog Digital VLSI Circuits for
Telecommunication and Signal Processing", Prentice Hall,1994
2. Malcolm R. Haskard, and Lan. C. May, "Analog VLSI design - NMOS and CMOS", Prentice
Hall, 1998.
3. Mohammad Ismail and Terri Fiez, "Analog VLSI signal and Information Processing", McGraw
Hill, 1994.
MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION
Sub Code: DCN253 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 04
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 50
Exam Hours: 03
Course Objectives
To learn about different types of multimedia data and compression techniques.
Course Content
Module 1
Multimedia Communications: multimedia information representation, multimedia networks,
multimedia applications, network QoS and application QoS.
10 Hours
Module 2

Information Representation: text, images, audio and video, Text and image compression,
compression principles, text compression, image compression. Audio and video compression, audio
compression, video compression, video compression principles, video compression standards:
H.261, H.263, P1.323, MPEG 1, MPEG 2, Other coding formats for text, speech, image and video
10 Hours
Module 3
Detailed Study of MPEG 4: coding of audiovisual objects, MPEG 4 systems, MPEG 4 audio and
video, profiles and levels. MPEG 7standardization process of multimedia content description,
MPEG 21 multimedia framework, Significant features of JPEG 2000, MPEG 4 transport across the
Internet.
10 Hours
Module 4
Synchronization: Notion of synchronization, presentation requirements, reference model for
synchronization, Synchronization specification. Multimedia operating systems, Resource
management, process management techniques.
10 Hours
Module 5
Multimedia Communication across Networks: Layered video coding, error resilient video coding
techniques, multimedia transport across IP networks and relevant protocols such as RSVP, RTP,
RTCP, DVMRP, multimedia in mobile networks, multimedia in broadcast networks. 10 Hours
Assignments / Practicals can be given on writing the programs to encode and decode the various
kinds of data by using the algorithms. Students can collect several papers from
journals/conferences/Internet on a specific area of multimedia communications and write a review
paper and make a presentation.
Course Outcomes
Graduate will learn the representation of different types of multimedia data like text, image,
audio and video.
Graduates will learn the different types of networks supports multimedia transmission and
varios multimedia applications
Graduates will learn different compression techniques currently used in Text ,Image ,audio
and video and analyze the different coding formats in multimedia
Graduates will be able to analyze the various MPEG techniques and JPEG in detail.
Graduates will learn about the multimedia operating system and synchronization concepts.
Graduates will learn the layered architecture of multimedia communication networks.

Text Books:
1. Fred Halsall, Multimedia Communications, Pearson education, 2001
Reference Books:
1. K. R. Rao, Zoran S. Bojkovic, Dragorad A. Milovanovic, Multimedia Communication
Systems, Pearson education, 2004
2. Raif steinmetz, Klara Nahrstedt, Multimedia: Computing, Communications and Applications,
Pearson education, 2002
3. John Billamil, Louis Molina, Multimedia: An Introduction, PHI, 2002

SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION

Sub Code: DCN254 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 04
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 50
Exam Hours: 03
Course Objectives
The main objective of this subject is to provide most comprehensive coverage of the spread
spectrum communication and the CDMA techniques
Course content
Module 1
Review: Review of digital communication concepts, direct sequence and frequency hop spread
spectrum systems.
10 Hours
Module 2
Hybrid direct sequence/frequency hop spread spectrum: Complex envelop representation of
spread spectrum signals. Sequence generator fundamentals, Maximum length sequences. Gold and
Kasami codes
10 Hours
Module 3
Nonlinear Code generators: Spread spectrum communication system model, Performance of
spread spectrum signals in jamming environments, Performance of spread spectrum communication
systems with and without forward error correction.
10 Hours
Module 4
Diversity: Diversity reception in fading channels, Cellular radio concept, CDMA cellular systems
10 Hours
Module 5
Examples of CDMA cellular systems: Multicarrier CDMA systems. CDMA standards 10 Hours
Course Outcomes

Graduate will learn about the Digital communication techniques

Students will learn the principles of spread spectrum systems.
The students learn about finite fields, orthogonal codes and pseudo random noise sequences.
Graduates will learn about the usage of generator functions for the pseudo random codes.
Analyze the multiple access techniques based on spread spectrum.
Graduates will learn about the CDMA techniques

Text Books:
1.R. L. Peterson, R. E. Zeimer and D. E. Borth, Introduction to Spread Spectrum
Communications, Pearson, 1995.
Reference Books:
1. J. D. Proakis and M. Salehi, Digital Communication, McGraw Hill, 2008

2. A. J. Viterbi, CDMA: Principles of Spread Spectrum Communications, Addision Wesley,

1995.
3. S. Verdu, Multiuser Detection, Cambridge University Press, 1998

SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB

Sub Code: DCN26 CIE:50
Hrs/ Week: 03
SEE:50
Total Hrs: 42
Exam Hours: 03

Course Objectives:
This course focuses on how to analyze and process digital signals using the MATLAB
programming and simulation tool.
1. Question based on response of LTI systems to different inputs. A LTI system is defined by the
difference equation y[n]=x[n]+x[n+1]+x[n+2].
(a) determine the impulse response of the system and sketch it.
(b) determine the output y[n] of the system when the input is x[n]=u[n].
(c) Determine the output of the system when the input is a complex exponential (E.g.
x[n]=2*exp(j0.26n)).
2. Question on design of simple digital filter using the relationship between pole and zeros and the
frequency response of the system. Design a simple digital FIR filter with real coefficient to remove
a narrowband i.e., sinusoidal) disturbance with frequency fo =50Hz. Let fs=300Hz be the sampling
frequency.
(a) Determine the desired zeros and poles of the filter.
(b) Determine the filter coefficients with the gain K=1.
(c) Sketch the magnitude of the frequency response.
3. Question on simple digital filtering using the relationship between pole and zeros and the
frequency response of the system. Design an IIR filter with real coefficient with same specifications
mentioned in Q2 and repeat the steps (a) to (c).
4. Question to understand the effect of time domain windowing
Generate a signal with two frequencies x(t)=3 Cos(2Pi f1*t)+2 Cos(2Pi f2*t)sampled at fs=8kHz.
Let f1=1kHz and f2=f1+'A" and the overall data length be N=256points.
(a) From theory, determine the minimum value of 'A' necessary to distinguish between the two
frequencies.
(b) Verify this result experimentally, Using the rectangular window, look at the DFT with several
values of 'A' so that you verify the resolution.
(c) repeat part (b0 using a hamming window. How did the resolution change?
5. Comparison of DFT and DCT (in terms of energy compactness)
Generate the sequence x[n]=n-64 for n=0, ...127.
(a) Let X[k] = DFT{x[n]}. For various values of l, set to zero "high frequency coefficients" X[64l]= ....X[64]= ......X[64+L]=0 and take the inverse DFT. Plot the results.
(b) Let XDCT[k]=DCT(X[n]). For the same values of L, set to zero "high frequency coefficient"
XDCT [127-L]= ....XDCT[127]. Take the inverse DCT for each case and compare the
reconstruction with the previous case.
6. Filter design:
design a discrete low pass filter with the specification given below:
Sampling frequency =2kHz
Pass band edge = 260Hz.
Stop band edge = 340Hz

Max. pass band attenuation=0.1dB.

Minimum stop band attenuation = 30dB.
Use the following design methodologies: Applying bilinear transformation to a suitable Butterworth
filter. Compare the obtained filters in terms of performance (accuracy in meeting
Specifications) and computational complexity).
List of experiments to be done using the DSP processor
1. Write an ALP to obtain the response of a system using linear convolution whose input and
impulse response are specified.
Hamming windowing Kaiser Windowing
2. Write an ALP to obtain the impulse response of the given system, given the difference equation.
Sampling of an Image.
3. Design of equiripple filters.
4. Applications of frequency transformation in filter design.
5. Computation of FFT when N is not a power of 2.
6. Sampling rate conversion and plot of spectrum.
7. Analysis of signals by STFT and WT
8. Delayed auditory feedback signal using 6713 processor.
9. Record of machinery noise like fan or blower or diesel generator and obtaining its spectrum.
10.Synthesis of select dual tone multi frequency using 6713 processor.
11. Fourier Transform and its inverse Fourier transform of an Image.
COURSE OUTCOME:
Students will be able to:
Describe the Sampling Theorem, Quantization and how this relates to Aliasing and Folding.
Determine if a system is a Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) System.
Take the Z-transform of a LTI system.
Determine the frequency response of FIR and IIR filters.
Determine the spectrum of a signal using the DFT, FFT, and spectrogram.
Design, analyze, and implement digital filters in MATLAB.