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Astha Kulshreshtha
Suhail Anjum Usmani
Yasmeen
Modern movement
Represents a dramatic shift in the design of buildings,
away from the traditional forms and construction
techniques and towards a new era of design.
In the mid 19th century the architects of Europe and
United States were emphasizing radically new
designs, abandoning past building precedent and
exploring new materials and technology in their
works.
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International Style
Originated from the name of a book by Henry Russell
Hitchcock and Philip Johnson, The International Style, that
identified, categorized upon characteristics common to
modernism across the world.
The book was written to record the International Exhibition of
Modern Architecture held at MOMA, New York city in 1932.
All the works in the exhibition were carefully selected only
displaying those that strictly followed the rules/principles of
Modern Architecture.
The aim was to define a style that would encapsulate the
Modern Architecture.
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Principles
The expression of Volume rather then Mass
The emphasis on Balance rather then Symmetry
The expulsion of applied ornaments
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Characteristics
Simplification of Forms
Rejection of ornament
Adoption of glass, steel and concrete as preferred
materials
Acceptance of industrialized mass-production techniques
Horizontal emphasis
Geometrical forms
Bands of windows
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Examples
The Bauhaus Building
Architect: Walter Gropius
Location: Dessau, Germany
Year: 1926
Architectural Features:
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Villa Savoye
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Criticism
The
unornamented
appearance
of
the
International Style met with criticism and is still
criticized by many.
Especially in larger and more public buildings, it
is said to be ugly, in human, sterile and elitist.
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Introduction
Real name - Frank Lincoln Wright
Born
- June 8, 1867
At Richland Centre, Wisconsin
Died
- April 9, 1959 (Aged 91)
At Phoenix, Arizona
Parents - William Carey Wright (Father)
Anna Lloyd Jones (Mother)
Nationality - American
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Philosophy
Wright believed in designing structures which were in harmony
with humanity and its environment, a philosophy is called
Organic Architecture. The best example to understand his
philosophy is Falling Waters (1935), which has been called
the best all time work of American architecture.
Integral to Site
Integral to Environment
Integral to Individual
Integral to material
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Inspirations Of Wright
1.
2.
3.
4.
Louis Sullivan
Nature
Music
Japanese art
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Major Features
Use of natural materials like bricks, stone and
wood
Use of textured concrete
Design that blend well in its environment
Truthness with material
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Prairie Style
Houses designed during 1900-1901 at Oak Park
marked the beginning of Prairie Style
Initial Prairie Style Buildings:
Wrights Studio(1898) at Chicago
Nathan G. Moore House (1895) at Oak Park
Later Examples:
Robbie House, Chicago
Avery and Queene Coonley house in Riverside, Illinois
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Usonian Houses
During the period of 1940-1950, Wright conceived a
new type a dwelling that came to be known as Usonian
Houses.
Designed on a gridded concrete slab that integrated the
houses radiant heating system, the house featured new
approaches to construction, including sandwich walls.
Small kitchen (workspaces) adjoining the dining spaces.
Living areas outfitted with built- in- seating and tables.
Bedrooms were isolated and relatively small.
Highly practical houses for middle class families.
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ROBIE HOUSE
Location
Chicago III
Construction
1908 to 1910
Building Type
Residence
Owner
Fredrick C. Robie
In term of material this house is different from the earlier
Prairie Houses which was built from cement stucco, wood and
tiles.
The Robie House had the Prairie Houses characteristic
horizontal, low lines, overhanging flat roofs and asymmetrical
plan.
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FALLING WATER
MATURE EXPRESSIONS OF ORGANIC
ARCHITECTURE
Location
Construction
Building Type
Owner
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It was constructed over a 30 feet waterfall, the house may look very
big on the outside but on the inside it is quite small, which surprises
some visitor.
A series of soaring, smooth, cantilevered balconies anchored in solid
rock and woven together by roughly textured native sandstone wall
laid up in alternating course, Falling water is constructed on three
levels with cantilevered terraces of reinforced concrete extending far
out in four direction.
The lowest of the great cantilevered balconies form the main floor
of the house, open living room, which serves as combined dining
and sitting space, reception & library.
The ideal example to understand the philosophy of Organic
Architecture of Wright.
It has been considered as the best all-time work of the American
Architecture .
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WAX BUILDING
Name
Location
Construction
Building Type
Owner
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Guggenheim Museum
TEMPLE OF SPIRIT
Name
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
Location
Manhattan, New York, NY
Construction 1943 to 1959
Building Type Museum
functionalism does not agree with non objectivity.... I want a temple of
spirit, a monument! And your help to make it possible. Rebay appealed to
Wright.
This was the last of Wrights many innovative buildings to be virtually
completed in his lifetime (just months before its official opening).
The Guggenheim building demonstrates Wrights constant awareness of the
geometric forms in architectural design.
Seen from the front, the main section of the building looks like a snail shell
that has been set upside down on Fifth Avenue.
His plan was for visitors to be taken to the top of the ramp by lift, and then
walk down it, viewing the exhibits as they went.
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NOTABLE WORKS
Robbie House
Price Tower
Falling Water
Johnson Wax Head Quarters
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
Taliesin
Darwin D. Martin House
Nathan G. Moore House
Gammage Auditorium
Beth Shalom Synagogue
Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio
Unity Temple
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