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Resuh 4 of 4 in this book for thermodynamics et ansorpuen column LerscuszaYiew_all
170 190 310 330 .0 fl KI
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akshrta mogaveera P.ge 248 "
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g'arsctrWiadt:na's'avfnurtil' cliOn of temperature
Chapter 9: Design and Opemtion of Absorption Equipment
4.1.2 ( hem, al Equilibrium Condition
In a chemical absorption process. the pollutant A is transferred by a diffusional or convective process to the liquid. Here, A encounters rcactant B so that a chemical conversion to product P. which has no polluting properties can takc place:
In this equation z and s arc stoichiometric coeffi cients. k, and I,
rate constants, which are determined experimentally, while the arrows indicate fonvard and backward reactions: k, and k 2 increase with rising temperature and preSSUIV. The chemical equilibrium constant IC A. , is defined as follows: (61 , c,, and are concentrations of components A, B and P in the liquid. For the chemical absorption process, it is of great advantage when the chemical conversion is product oriented. This will be the case for high values of k , and K,. The reaction is very fast and proceeds in the liquid phase very close to the interface. Because of thc fast chemical reaction the absorption process is substantially accelerated and becomes diffusion-controlled. For all practical applications this type of chemical absorption is the most favorable one. There are some fundamental differences between physical and chemical absorption that should be kept in mind. Chemical absorption is improved by increasing temperature and pressure. In contrast, physical absorption, i.e. solubility of the pollutant in the liquid. is improved by decreasing temperature. With physical absorption it will never be possible to reduce the pollutant concen tration to zero (see Section 6) or to get very close to zero, as is often desirable. Such conditions can only be met by chemical absorption. Hence, chemical absorption is of great importance, especially in the field of air pollution control.
4.2 Working Diagram of Absorption
The working diagram gives the relation between operating curve and equal, num curve by which thc pollutant (or absorptive, solute) transfer may be described. The transfer of the pollutant from the gas MiXtUre to the liquid P will be discussed by mcans of Figs. I and 27. Thc molar flow rate of the gas entering the column is given by N a (kmol,s] and that of the liquid by N, [kmol/s]. The solute concentration of the gas stream is given by the molar fraction y defined by: