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ASPHALT
Q- What is the temperature of water in getting specific gravity of
asphalt?
A- 25*C 1'C
Q- How will you get the specific gravity of molded specimen if
voids are present in the sample?
A- Coat the specimen with paraffin by chilling the specimen in a
refrigerating unit to a temperature of approximately 4.5 'C for
30 minutes and then dipping the specimen in warm paraffin
(5.5'C above melting point).
Q- What is the rate of application of MC-1 & RC-2?
A- 0.50 lit./sq.m to 1.75 lit./ sq.m. for MC-1
0.10 lit./sq.m to 0.30 lit./sq.m. for RC-2.
Q- What is the method normally used for preparing asphalt mix
design? Describe the essential steps and procedures.
A- Marshall method; The essential steps are;
1. Selection of quality of aggregates.
Important properties to be considered are shape, surface
texture & wetting characteristics of aggregate particles.
2. Selection of aggregate gradation.
Important properties are workability of mix, surface
texture of pavement & over-all economy.
3. Selection of type & grade of bituminous binders.
Important properties are workability, climatic conditions,
aging considerations & gradation of aggregate.
4. Determination of correct amount of bituminous binders.
Procedures:
1. Preliminary calculation
a) Calculate surface area of aggregates.
b) Calculate percent emulsion.
2. Determine optimum asphalt content by immersion
compression stability test.
a) Prepare trial mix specimen at different emulsified
asphalt content at 1% increments using the specified
compaction method.
b) Calculate theoretical maximum density (D) of each
specimen from equation,
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D, g/cc =
100
% agg.
% asp.
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D d
x 100
D
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f) Natural aggregates
g) Dune sand more than 7.5% of fine aggregates
h) Low softening point.
On the mixing plant, How can you say the hot mix is okey or
not okey?
a) Required temp. should be uniform
b) Mix should be free from excessive fines
c) Mix should be free from free asphalt
d) Larger aggregates should not be uncoated
e) Appearance should be uniform
f) Should not be burned
g) Should not be too brown or gray
h) Should not be too fat
i) Should not steam in truck.
When do you put the flow meter to determine the flow of an
asphalt mix?
Before marshall testing start.
How many blows will you apply on each face of asphalt
specimen?
*75 blows for heavy loads (Use by M.O.C. in all type of
traffic.
50 blows for medium loads
35 blows for light loads.
What are the requirements for bituminous courses in respect of
the following;
a) Voids in mineral aggregates
b) Percent air voids
c) Marshall stability
d) Hveem stability
e) Marshall flow
Limits
Wearing course Base course
a) V.M.A.
15
13
b) Percent air voids
47
58
c) Marshall stability (min.)
1000
1000
d) Hveem stability (min.)
40
40
e) Marshall flow (mm)
2 3.5
2 3.5
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2. Asphalt,
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W
Vsb Vb Vab
Where:
W- Weight of compacted mix (grans)
Vsb Vol. Of agg. (by bulk sp. gr., g/cc)
Vb Volume of bitumen, cc.
Vab Volume of absorbed bitumen, cc.
Q- What is the formula in determining Percent Index of Retained
Strength ?
A- % (IRS) = Wet stability x 100 (loss of stability)
Dry stability
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c) Emulsified asphalt
d) Emulsion breaks or sets
e) Liquid asphalt
a) Dissolving the asphalt in selected petroleum solvents.
b) The diluted asphalt.
c) By emulsifying the asphalt with water.
d) When the asphalt and water separate.
e) Combination of cutback asphalt and emulsified asphalt.
What is the percentage of aggregate in asphalt mix?
Normally from 90% to 95%.
How to classify crude oil?
1. Asphaltic base crude
2. Paraffin base crude
3. Mixed base crude
What is the desired properties of asphalt cement?
1. Consistency: Is the term used to describe the degree of
plasticity of asphalt at any particular
temperature specified and measured by
penetration test or a viscosity test.
2. Purity:
Refined asphalts are almost pure bitumen
and are usually more than 99.5% soluble in
carbon disulfide (Solubility test).
3. Safety:
Asphalt not foam at temperature up to 175'C
and flash point of asphalt should be known.
Why you added filler to mix?
a) To improve resistance to weathering.
b) To improve strength.
c) To increase stability.
d) To close the space between coarse and fine aggregate, etc.
What are the test for asphalt and its definition?
1) Penetration - Measures the distance that a standard
needle will penetrate a sample at a specified
temperature and at a given time.
Standard Needle - - - 100 grams
Specified temp. - - - 25'C
Time - - - - - - - - - - - 5 seconds
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2) Viscosity:
a) Saybolt Furol -
NC 30 - - - - - 25'C
70 - - - - - 50'C
250 - - - - - 60'C
E.A - - - - - - 25'C
Viscosity - - - 60 seconds
b) Kinematic
Time measured for a fixed volume of the
liquid to flow through a calibrated
capillary
glass
viscometer
under
accurately reproducible head at a
controlled temperature (60'C).
Kinematic =
Approx. time (Sec.) x Viscometer
Calibration.
3) Ductility Ability of the asphalt to stretch before
breaking. Distance (cm.) that a standard
briquette of asphalt cement will stretch
before breaking.
4) Flash point Indicates the temperature at which the
asphalt can be heated without the danger
of spontaneous flask in the presence of an
open flame.
5) Loss on Heating Determine the loss of volatile oils and
change in penetration cause by
excessive heating.
6) Distillation
Determine the amount of diluents that
(E.A & Cutback) distills off at specified temperature
denoting its evaporation characteristics.
It also determines the proportion of
asphalt present in the mixture.
7) Specific Gravity - See definition of terms.
8) Spot test Dissolving the sample to xyleneheptane,
If result is;
Negative ( - ), asphalt is okey
Positive ( + ), asphalt is not okey (burned)
9) solubility Determine the bitumen content of the
asphalt.
Bitumen Content - - - - 99%
Solvent used - - - - Trichlorothylene
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d) Coarse graded
e) Fine graded
f) Gap graded
2. Cleanliness
3. Toughness
4. Soundness
5. Particle shape Affect workability & strength.
6. Surface texture
7. Absorption - A certain degree of porosity is desirable as it
permits aggregate to absorb asphalt which
then forms a mechanical linkage between the
asphalt film and the stone particle.
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