Quantum Mechanics

Quantum mechanics is one of the best-tested theories in science, and it's

one of the few where physicists get to do experiments proving that Einstein
was wrong. Back in the 1920s and 1930s, Albert Einstein said he couldn't
support this idea, which he called "spooky action at a distance," in which a
particle can be in two places at once and it's not until one measures the
state of that particle that it takes a definite position, seemingly with no signal
transmitted to it and at a speed faster than light. When the particle takes its
definite position, physicists refer to this as its wave function collapsing.
How it was proven wrong :
Alice and Bob Experiment
The phenomenon is demonstrated with a thought experiment in which a light
beam is split, with one half going to Alice and the other to Bob. Alice then
indicates if she detected a photon and if so what state it is in -- it might be
the phase of the wave packet that describes the photon. Mathematically,
though, the photon is in a state of "superposition,"meaning it is in two (or
more) places at once. Its wave function, a mathematical formula that
describes the particle, seems to show the photon has no definite position.
"Alice's measurement collapses the superposition," meaning the photons are
in one place or another, but not both, Howard Wiseman, director of Griffith
University's Centre for Quantum Dynamics, who led the experiment, told Live
Science. If Alice sees a photon, that means the quantum state of the light
particle in Bob's lab collapses to a so-called zero-photon state, meaning no
photon. But if she doesn't see a photon, Bob's particle collapses to a onephoton state, he said.
"Does this seem reasonable to you? I hope not, because Einstein certainly
didn't think it was reasonable. He thought it was crazy," he added, referring
to the fact that Alice's measurement looked like it was dictating Bob's.
The paradox was partially resolved years later, when experiments showed
that even though the interaction between two quantum particles happens
faster than light (it appears instantaneous), there is no way to use that
phenomenon to send information, so there's no possibility of faster-than-light
signal

The Great Pyramid Foretells The Date Of The Apocalypse

Charles Piazzi Smyth, the Astronomer Royal for Scotland, undertook his own
studies. He concluded that there were even greater divine truths encoded
within the Great Pyramid had realized. He revealed that some Biblical
prophecies may had been embedded in the architecture. When the
passageways are measured in pyramid inches, he argued, one could find a
complete chronology of the Earth's history, both past and future.
How it was proven wrong :
The distinguished astronomer, as every one knows, has long since proved to
his own satisfaction that the pyramid is a neat and handy compendium of
history and prophecyIn the great gallery of the pyramid, which, according
to this theory, represents the Christian dispensation, there are precisely
eighteen hundred and eighty-one notches. The blocks were not quarried but
rather made of a geopolymeric cement. Limestone blocks did not have to be
cut, finished, or even moved at all. Instead, buckets of slurry were simply
toted up the pyramid by men who poured it into a wooden mold with no
relationship in his theory hence if the pyramid is trustworthy and really
knows its business, we have arrived at the last year of the earth. There are a
vast number of people who believe in this remarkable theory of the pyramid,
and they are one and all perfectly sure that the pyramid cannot tell a lie and
that the private judgment of Piazzi Smyth when interpreting the pyramid is
infallible. For short none of it was true and until now we are still living.
These pyramidal Christians are, therefore, preparing themselves for the Last
Day, and in case they should happen to be disappointed and to be under the
unpleasant necessity of making New Year's calls in the snow on the First of

January 1882, they will probably blaspheme the pyramid and lose all faith in
man and stones.

Conversion Therapy

Sigmund Freud was a physician and the founder of psychoanalysis. Freud

stated that homosexuality could sometimes be removed through hypnotic
suggestion, and was influenced by Eugen Steinach,
a Viennese endocrinologist who transplanted from straight men into gay
men in attempts to change their sexual orientation,] stating that his research
had thrown a strong light on the organic determinants of homoeroticism. Freud cautioned that Steinach's operations would not necessarily
make possible a therapy that could be generally applied, arguing that such
transplant procedures would be effective in changing homosexuality in men
only in cases in which it was strongly associated with physical characteristics
typical of women, and that probably no similar therapy could be applied to
lesbianism. In fact Steinachs method was doomed to failure because
the immune system rejects transplanted glands, and was eventually exposed
as ineffective and often harmful.
Patients often wanted to become heterosexual for reasons Freud considered
superficial, including fear of social disapproval, an insufficient motive for
change. Some might have no real desire to become heterosexual, seeking
treatment only to convince themselves that they had done everything
possible to change, leaving them free to return to homosexuality after the
failure they expected.

In 1935, a mother asked Freud to treat her son. Freud replied in a letter that
later became famous:]
"I gather from your letter that your son is a homosexual. [...] it is nothing to
be ashamed of, no vice, no degradation; it cannot be classified as an illness;
we consider it to be a variation of the sexual function, produced by a certain
arrest of sexual development. [...] By asking me if I can help [your son], you
mean, I suppose, if I can abolish homosexuality and make normal
heterosexuality take its place. The answer is, in a general way we cannot
promise to achieve it. In a certain number of cases we succeed in developing
the blighted germs of heterosexual tendencies, which are present in every
homosexual; in the majority of cases it is no more possible. It is a question of
the quality and the age of the individual. The result of treatment cannot be
predicted."
How it was proven wrong:
Conversion therapy aims at changing sexual orientation. And no, if you are
thinking about turning your girlfriend into bi-sexual using this, you are going
to be disappointed. Conversion therapy attempts to change an individual
from homosexual or bisexual to heterosexual. It is in fact a source of intense
controversy in many countries. In fact, many high-profile advocates of this
theory happens to be conservative Christian and other religious groups, and
they attempt to treat homosexuality as a mental disorder. There was no
direct change in genes and DNA therefore created by (science and religious)
rituals is false.
Analysis of a young woman who had entered therapy because her parents
were concerned that she was a lesbian. Her father wanted this condition
changed. In Freuds view, the prognosis was unfavourable because of the
circumstances under which she entered therapy, and because homosexuality
was not an illness or neurotic conflict. Freud wrote that changing
homosexuality was difficult and possible only under unusually favourable
conditions, observing that in general to undertake to convert a fully
developed homosexual into a heterosexual does not offer much more
prospect of success than the reverse. Success meant making heterosexual
feeling possible, not eliminating homosexual feelings.

Jovannie Cambalo
BSA 1-32