INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657

MODULE – 3 WORK, ENERGY &

POWER
Syllabus : Kinetic and potential energy; Work and Power, Conservation of mechanical energy, work energy principle.

WORK
When a force is applied at a point and the point gains some energy. Then the work is
said to be done by the force.
The work W done by a constant force →
F when its point of application undergoes a
→
displacement S is measured as

W= →
→ → →
F . S = | F | | S | cosθ
→ →
Where θ is the angle between F and S . Work is a scalar quantity and its SI unit is N-m
or joule (J).
Only the component (Fcosθ ) of the force F which is along the displacement
contributes to the work done. If →
→
S =∆ x i +∆ y
j + ∆ z
F = Fx i + Fy
j + Fz k and

→ →
k then W = F . S = Fx ∆ x+Fy∆ y+Fz ∆ z
Positive and Negative work : The work is said to be positive if the angle θ is acute
→ →
(θ < 900) and negative if the angle θ is obtuse (θ > 900). If the angle between F and S
is 900 then work done by the force is zero.
If the force is variable then the work done by the variable force is given by dW = →
F .
→
dS or
S2
→ →
W= ∫ F . dS
S1
Work depends on frame of reference. With change of frame of reference inertial
force does not change while displacement may change, so the work done by a force will be
different in different frames.

Illustration – 1 :
A particle of mass 2 kg moves under the action of a constant force →
F =
(5i −2j) N. If its
displacement is 6 j m. What is the work done by the force →
F ?

Solution :
The work done → →
F . x
= (5i −2j) . 6j = - 12 Joule

Illustration – 2 :
A load of mass m = 3000 kg is lifted by a rope with an acceleration a = 2 m/s 2. Find the
work done during the first one and a half seconds from the beginning of motion.

Solution :

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1 2
The height to which the body is lifted during the first 't' second is h = at tension in
2
the rope T = mg + ma
 1 2 1 2
∴Work done = T.h = m(g +a)  at  = 3000 (10 + 2)  x 2 x ( 1.5) 
2  2 
= 81 KJ

WORK DONE BY A SPRING FORCE :

Whenever a spring is stretched or compressed, the spring force always tend to

restore it to the equilibrium position. If x be the displacement of the free end of the spring
from its equilibrium position then, the magnitude of the spring force is FS = - kx
The negative sign indicates that the force is restoring.
The work done by the spring force for a displacement from xi to xf is given by
x

( )
f
1
Ws = − ∫ kxdx
x
⇒ Ws = −
2
k x f2 − x i2
i

WORK DONE BY FRICTION :

Work done by friction may be zero, positive or negative depending upon the
situations:
 When a block is pulled by a force F and the block does not move, the work done
by friction is zero.
 When a block is pulled on a stationary surface, the work done by the kinetic
friction is negative.
 When one block is placed on another block and is pulled by a force then friction
force does negative work on top block and positive work on the lower block

WORK DONE BY GRAVITY :

Here the force of gravity is Fg = - mg j and the displacement is given by

→
S=∆ x i +∆ y
j +∆ z k
→ →
∴ Work done by gravity is Wg = F g . S = - mg ∆ y
∆ y = yf - yI = - h
∴ Wg = + mgh
If the block moves in the upward direction, then the work done by gravity is negative
and is given by Wg = - mgh.

DEPENDENCE OF WORK ON FRAME OF REFERENCE :

Work depends upon the frame of reference from where it is calculated. As the
displacement as well as force, depends upon the deferent frames of reference. Therefore,
the work also changes. For example, if you calculate work from a non inertial frame work
due to pseudo force has to be included. Again displacement from the inertial frame of
reference will be different from ground frame.

CONSERVATIVE AND NON CONSERVATIVE FORCES :

In Conservative force field the work done by the force is independent on path
followed and depends only on initial and final co-ordinates. Such forces are known as
Conservative forces.
Examples are gravitational, electrostatic forces.
If the work done depends on path followed. Such forces are called non-
Conservative forces. Example is frictional force.
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Illustration – 3 :
A train is moving with a constant speed "v". A box is pushed by a worker applying a force
"F" on the box in the train slowly by distance "d" on the train for time "t". Find the work
done by "F" from the train frame as well as from the ground frame.

Solution :
As the box is seen from the train frame the displacement is only 'd' if the force
direction is same as the direction of motion of the box.
Then the work done = F.d = Fdcos00 = Fd
= Fdcos1800 = -Fd
(if the displacement on the train is opposite to 'F')
As the box is seen from ground frame,
the displacement of the box = vt + d (if the displacement is along the
direction of motion of the train )
= d - vt (if the displacement is opposite to
direction of motion of the train)
then work done = F. (vt + d) = Fvt + Fd OR = F.(d-vt) = Fd - Fvt

Illustration – 4 :
A block is (mass m) placed on the rough surface of a plank (mass m) of
v
coefficient of friction "µ " which in turn is placed on a smooth surface. The m 0
block is given a velocity v0 with respect to the plank which comes to rest m
with respect to the plank. Find the
a) The total work done by friction in the plank frame.
b) The work done by friction on the smaller block in the plank frame.
c) Find the final velocity of the plank

Solution :
The acceleration of the plank = Friction force applied by the block on the plank /
mass of the plank.
µmg
ap = = µg
m
(a) Pseudo force acting on the block = µ g (back wards)
Force of friction is µ mg ( acting backwards)
From the plank frame time needed to stop the block is given by
O = V0 + at ( a = −2µg )
V0
⇒ t=
2µg
Velocity of the plank during this time is Vp = u p + ap t
V V
= µg 0 = 0
2µg 2
 2  V0 2 
µmg
 V0 −    2
  2   = 3V0
Displacement of the block = S =   8µg ma p
2× a
 
 
 
3 V02 m
Work done by friction on the block = F.S.cos π = µmg. ( −1) = − 3 mv 20
8 µg 8

(b) From the Plank frame

Work done by friction on smaller block = -µ mgl

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0 − V02 mV02
= ⇒ µg =
− 2µg 2
mV02
⇒ work done by friction from the Plank frame = −
2
(c) Final velocity of the block
V0
= Velocity of the plank =
2
WORK ENERGY THEOREM :

Now we have to study which physical quantity changes when work is done on a
particle. If a constant force F acts through a displacement x, it does work W = Fx
 vf2 = vi2 + 2 ax
∴ W=
(
m vf2 − vi2 )= 1
m vf2 -
1
m vi2
2 2 2
1
The quantity k = m v2 is a scalar and is called the kinetic energy of the particle.
2
It is the energy posses by the particle by virtue of its motion.
Thus the equation takes the form W = K f − K i = ∆K
The work done by a force changes the kinetic energy of the particle. This is called
the work -Energy Theorem.

Illustration – 5 :
→ →
The velocity of an 800 gm object changes from v = 3 i - 4 j to v = -6 j + 2 k m/s.
0 f
What is the change in K.E of the body?

Solution :
Here m = 800gm = 0.8 kg
→ →
vo = 32 + ( − 4) 2 = 5 vf = (−6) 2 +(2) 2 = 40
1  →2 →2  1
∴change in K.E = 2
x 0.8




vf

−v 0 


=
2
x 0.8 x ( 40− 25) = 6J

Illustration – 6 :
The coefficient of sliding friction between a 900 kg car and pavement is 0.8. If the car is
moving at 25 m/s along level pavement, when it begins to skid to a stop, how far
will it go before stopping?
Solution :
Here m = 900kg µ = 0.8, v = 25 m/s S =?
1
K.E = work done against friction mv 2 = F.s = µ N.s = µ mgs
2
v2 ( 25) 2
⇒s = = ~ 39 m
2µg 2 x 0.8 x 10

Illustration – 7 :
An object of mass 10kg falls from rest through a vertical distance of 20m and acquires a
velocity of 10 m/s. How much work is done by the push of air on the object ?
(g = 10 m/s2)

Solution :
Let upward push of air be F
∴The resultant downward force = mg - F
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As work done = gain in K.E
1
(mg - F) x S = mv 2
2
1
∴(10 x 10 - F) x 20 = 2 x 10 x (10)2 ⇒ F = 75 N
∴ Work done by push of air = 75 x 20 = 15 Joule
This work done is negative.

POTENTIAL ENERGY :

Potential energy of any body is the energy possessed by the body by virtue of its
position or the state of deformation. With every potential energy there is an associated
conservative force. The potential energy is measured as the magnitude of work done
againstthe

associated conservative force
du = - F .dr
For Example :
(i) If an object is placed at any point in gravitational field work is to be done against
gravitational field force. The magnitude of this work done against the gravitational
force gives the measure of gravitational potential energy of the body at that position
which is U = mgh. Here h is the height of the object from the reference level.
ii) The magnitude of work done against the spring force to compress it gives the
1
measure of elastic potential energy, which is U = k x2
2
iii) A charged body in any electrostatic field will have electrostatic potential energy. The
change in potential energy of a system associated with conservative internal force as
2
U2-U1= - W= −∫F . dr
1
CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY :
Change in potential energy ∆ U = - WC where WC is the work done by conservative
forces. From work energy theorem
Wnet = ∆ k
Where Wnet is the sum of work done by all the forces acting on the mass. If the
system is subjected to only conservative forces then Wnet = WC = ∆ k
∴∆ U = - ∆ k ⇒ ∆U+∆k=0
The above equation tells us that the total change in potential energy plus the total
change in kinetic energy is zero, if only conservative forces are acting on the system.
∴∆ (k+U) = 0 or ∆ E = 0 where E = k + U
∴When only conservative forces act, the change in total mechanical energy of a
system is zero. i.e if only conservative forces perform work on and within a system, the
total mechanical energy of the system is conserved.
∴kf + Uf - (ki + Ui) = 0
⇒ kf + Uf = ki + Ui
 ∆ E = 0, integrating both sides E = constant.

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Illustration – 8 :
A projectile is fired from the top of a 40m. high cliff with an initial speed of 50 m/s at an
unknown angle. Find its speed when it hits the ground.

Solution :
Taking ground as the reference level we can conserve the mechanical energy
between the points A and B
∴∆ (K + U) = 0 ⇒ Ki + Ui = Kf + Uf v
1 1 A θ
⇒ mv2 + mgH = mv' 2 + 0
2 2
1 1
⇒ (50)2 + 40 x 10 = v' 2
2 2
⇒ (1250 + 400) x 2 = v' 2 H
⇒ v' 2 = 3300
v' ~ 58 m/s
B
v'
POWER
Power is defined as the rate at which work is done. If an amount of work ∆ W is done
in a time interval ∆ t, then average power is defined to be
∆W
Pav =
∆t
The S.I. unit of power is J/S or watt (W). Thus 1 W = 1 J/S
dW
The instantaneous power is the limiting value of Pav as ∆ t → 0 that is P =
dt
dW → →
Instantaneous power may also be written as P = = F. v Since work and
dt
energy are closely related, a more general definition of power is the rate of energy
transfer from one body to another, or the rate at which energy is transformed from
dE
one form to another, i.e. P = .
dt
Illustration – 9 :
A car of mass 500 kg moving with a speed 36km/hr in a straight road unidirectionally
doubles its speed in 1 minute. Find the average power delivered by the engine.

Solution :
Its initial speed V1 = 10 m/s then V2 = 20 m/s
1 2 1
∴∆ k = 2 m v 2 − mv 1
2
2

∴Power delivered by the engine

P = ∆K 2
1
( )
m v 22 − v 12
=
∆t ∆t

= 2
1
( )
x 500202 − 102
60
= 1250 W.

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MOTION IN A VERTICAL CIRCLE :
A particle of mass 'm' is attached to a light and
inextensible string. The other end of the sting is fixed at O
and the particle moves in vertical circle of radius 'r' equal to
O
the length of the string as shown in the fig. At the point P, net
T
radial force on the particle is T-mg cosθ . θ P
mv 2 mg cos θ
∴ T - mg cosθ =
r
mg sin θ
mv 2
⇒ T = mg cosθ +
r
The particle will complete the circle if the string does not slack even at the highest
point (θ = π ). Thus, tension in the string should be greater than or equal to zero (T > 0)
at θ = π for critical situation T = 0 and θ = π
mv2min
∴ mg = ⇒ v2
min =
gR
R
⇒ v min = gR
Now conserving energy between the lowest and the highest point
1 1
min = 2 mv min + mg( 2R )
mu 2 2
2
⇒ u2
min = gR + 4gR = 5gR
u min = 5gR
If u min ≥ 5gR the particle will complete the circle. At u = 5gR , velocity at highest
point is v = gR and tension in the string is zero.
If u < 5gR , the tension in the string become zero before reaching the highest point
and at that point the particle will leave the circular path. After leaving the circle the particle
will follow a parabolic path.
Above conditions are applicable even if a particle moves inside a smooth spherical
shell of radius R. The only difference is that the tension is replaced by the normal reaction
N.

Illustration – 10 :
A heavy particle hanging from a fixed point by a light inextensible string of length l is
projected horizontally with speed g . Find the speed of the particle and the inclination
of the string to the vertical at the instant of the motion when the tension in the string is
equal to the weight of the particle.

Solution :

Let T = mg at an angle θ as shown in figure

• B
h = l (1 - cosθ ) θ
Conserving mechanical energy between • mg cos θ
1 1 h mg sin θ
A and B mu2 = mv2 + mgh
2 2 • u = g
⇒ u2 = v2+ 2gh ⇒ v2 = u2 - 2gh …. (i)
A
mv 2 mv 2
T - mg cosθ = ⇒ T= mg cosθ +
 
mv 2
⇒ mg = mg cos θ +

⇒ v2 = g l (1- cosθ ) ……………. (ii)

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From (i) and (ii) u2 - 2gl (1 - cosθ ) = gl (1 - cosθ )
2  2
⇒ cosθ = ⇒ θ = cos-1  
3  3
putting the value of cosθ in equation ………… (ii)
 2 g g
v2 = gl  1 −  = ⇒ v=
 3 3 3
Equilibrium : As we have studied earlier a body is said to be in translational
equilibrium if net force acting on the body is Zero.

Fnet = 0
dU
∴ If the forces are Conservative F = -
dr

dU
⇒ =0
dr
∴ At Equilibrium slope of U and r graph is Zero (or) Potential energy either
maximum or minimum or constant at that position.

At the stable equilibrium position P.E is minimum

At the unstable equilibrium position P.E is maximum

Illustration – 11:
The P.E of a Conservative system is given as U = 10 + (x-2)2. Find the
equilibrium position and discuss type of equilibrium.

Solution: For Equilibrium F = 0

dU
∴ F= - = −2(x − 2) = 0
dx
⇒x = 2
d 2U
and <0
dx 2
∴ it is Stable equilibrium position at x= 2 and P.E at that position is 20 units.

*****

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WORKED OUT OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS

EXAMPLE : 01
A particle moves with a velocity 5 i - 3 j + 6 k m/s under the influence of a
constant force

F = (10 i +10 j +20 k ) N. The instantaneous power applied to the particle is

→

A) 200 J/S B) 40 J/S C) 140 J/S D) 170 J/S

Solution :
→ →
P = F . V = (5 i - 3j +6 k ) . (10 i + 10 j +20 k )
= 50 - 30 + 120 = 140 J/S

EXAMPLE : 02
A 15 gm ball is shot from a spring gun whose spring has a force constant of 600
N/m. The spring is compressed by 5 cm. The greatest possible horizontal range
of the ball for this compression is
(g = 10 m/s2)
A) 6.0 m B) 12.0 m C) 10.0 m D) 8.0 m
Solution :
u2 1 2  2   1   2  kx 2  1 2 1 2
R max = =  mu    =  kx 2    =  mu = kx 
g  2   mg   2   mg  mg  2 2 
600 ( 0.05)
2
= = 10 m .
0.015 x 10
[ Note : The actual value of 'u' will be less than the calculated value as some part of 1/2kx 2
is used up in doing work against gravity when the spring regains its length]

EXAMPLE : 03
Force acting on a particle is (2 i + 3 j ) N. work done by this force is zero, when
a particle is moved on the line 3y + kx = 5 Here value of k is
A) 3 B) 2 C) 1 D) 4
Solution :
Force is parallel to the line y = 3/2 x + c
k 5
and the given line can be written as y = − x +
3 3
as the work done is zero ∴ force is perpendicular to the displacement
 3  k 
∴   −  = - 1
 2   3
⇒k = 2
EXAMPLE : 04
3t 2
Power supplied to a particle of mass 2 kg varies with time as p = watt. Here
2
't' is in second. If velocity of particle at t = 0 is v = 0. The velocity of particle at
time t = 2 second will be
A) 1 m/s B) 4 m/s C) 2 m/s D) 2 2 m/s
Solution :
2 2 2
1 3 2 t 3 
kf - ki = ∫ P dt ⇒
2
mv2 = ∫ 2
t dt ⇒ v 2
=  
2
 0
0 0
 m = 2 kg ⇒ v = 2 m/s

EXAMPLE : 05

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A particle of mass 'm' is projected with velocity 'u' at an angle θ with horizontal.
During the period when the particle descends from highest point to the position
where its velocity vector makes an angle θ /2 with horizontal, work done by the
gravity force is
A) 1/2 mu2 tan2 θ /2 B) 1/2 mu2 tan2 θ
C) 1/2 mu2 cos2 θ tan2 θ /2 D) 1/2 mu2 cos2 θ /2 sin2 θ

Solution :
As horizontal component of velocity does not change v cos θ /2 = ucos θ
u cos θ
v = θ
cos u
2 u cos θ
1 1 θ/ 2
Wgravity = ∆ K = mv2 - m (u cosθ )2
2 2
1 θ θ V
= mu2 cos2 θ tan2
2 2

EXAMPLE : 06
A body of mass 1 kg thrown upwards with a velocity of 10 m/s comes to rest
(momentarily) after moving up 4 m. The work done by air drag in this process is
(g = 10 m/s2)
A) 10 J B) - 10 J C) 40 J D) 50 J

Solution :
From work energy theorem Wgr + Wair drag = ∆ k
1
⇒ - mgh + Wair drag = 0 - mu2
2
1
⇒ Wair drag = mgh - mu2 = (40 - 50) J = - 10 J
2
EXAMPLE : 07
1
The potential energy of particle of mass 'm' is given by U = kx2 for x < 0 and U
2
= 0 for x > 0. If total mechanical energy of the particle is E. Then its speed at x
2E
= is
k
2E E E
A) zero B) C) D)
M m 2m
Solution :
2E
Potential energy of particle at x = is zero ∴ K.E = E
k
1 2E
⇒ mv2 = E or v =
2 m
EXAMPLE : 08
A block is suspended by an ideal spring of force constant k. If the block is pulled
down by applying a constant Force 'F' and if maximum displacement of block
from its initial position of rest is δ then
F 2F
A) <δ <
K K
2F
B) δ =
K
C) Work done by force F is equal to Fδ

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1 2
D) Increases in energy stored in spring is kδ
2
Solution :
mg
If the mass of the hanging block be 'm' then elongation of spring is .
k
Due to the applied force the additional stretching is δ
2
1  mg  m 2g 2
∴ F δ + mgδ = K  + δ −
2  K  2K
1 m g2 2
2mg δ  m 2g 2
K  −
2
= + δ +
2  K
2
K  2K
1 2F
= Kδ 2
+ mgδ ⇒ δ = .
2 K

EXAMPLE : 09
A stone is projected at time t = 0 with a speed V0 and an angle θ with the
horizontal in a uniform gravitational field. The rate of work done (P) by the
gravitational force plotted against time (t) will be as

A) B) P C) D)
P P P

O t O t
O t O t
Solution :
Rate of work done is the power associated with the force. It means rate of work
done by the gravitational force is the power associated with the gravitational force.
Gravitational force acting on the block is equal to its weight mg which acts vertically
downwards.
Velocity of the particle (at time t) has two components,
(i) a horizontal component v cosθ and
(ii) a vertically upward component (v sinθ - gt)
→ →
Hence, the power associated with her weight mg will be equal to p = m g . v = -mg
(v sinθ - gt)
This shows that the curve between power & time will be straight line having positive
slope but negative intercept on Y-axis.
Hence (D) is correct.

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SINGLE ANSWER TYPE
LEVEL – I
1. Two springs A and B(KA = 2KB) are stretched by applying forces of equal magnitudes at
the four ends. If the energy stored in A is E, that in B is
a) E/2 b) 2E c) E d) E/4
2. Two equal masses are attached to the two ends of a spring constant K. The masses are
pulled out symmetrically to stretch the spring by a length x over its natural length. The
work done by the spring on each mass is
a) ½ Kx2 b) -1/2 Kx2 c) ¼ Kx2 d) -1/4 Kx2
3. The negative of the work done by the conservative internal forces on a system equals
the change in
a) total energy b) kinetic energy c) potential energy d) none of these
4. The work done by the external forces on a system equals the change in
a) total energy b) kinetic energy c) potential energy d) none of these
5. The work done by all the forces (external and internal) on a system equals the change in
a) total energy b) kinetic energy c) potential energy d) none of these
6. ________ of a two particle system depends only on the separation between the two
particles. The most appropriate choice for the blank space in the above sentence is
a) kinetic energy b) total mechanical energy c) potential energy
d) total energy
7. A small block of mass ‘m’ is kept on a rough inclined surface of inclination θ fixed in an
elevator. The elevator goes up with a uniform velocity ‘v’ and the block does not slide
on the wedge. The work done by the force of friction on the block in time ‘t’ will be
a) zero b) mgvt cos2θ c) mgvt sin2θ d) mgvt sin2θ
8. A block of mass ‘m’ slides down a smooth vertical circular track. During the motion, the
block is in
a) vertical equilibrium b) horizontal equilibrium c) radial equilibrium
d) none of these
9. A particle is rotated in a vertical circle by connecting it to a string of length ‘l’ and
keeping the other end of the string fixed. The minimum speed of the particle when the
string is horizontal for which the particle will complete the circle is
a) gl b) 2gl c) 3gl d) 5gl
10.Consider two observers moving with respect to each other at a speed v along a straight
line. They observe a block of mass m moving a distance ‘l’ on a rough surface. The
following quantities will be same as observed by the two observers
a) kinetic energy of the block at time t b) work done by friction
c) total work done on the block d) acceleration of the block
11.A particle of mass ‘m’ is attached to a light string of length ‘l’, the other end of which is
fixed. Initially the string is kept horizontal and the particle is given an upward velocity v.
The particle is just able to complete a circle
a) the string becomes slack when the particle reaches its highest point
b) the velocity of the particle becomes zero at the highest point
c) the kinetic energy of the ball in initial position was ½ mv2 = mgl
d) the particle again passes through the initial position
12.The kinetic energy of a particle continuously increases with time
a) the resultant force on the particle must be parallel to the velocity at all instants
b) the resultant force on the particle must be at an angle less than 900 all the time
c) its height above the ground level must continuously decrease
d) the magnitude of its linear momentum is increasing continuously
13.One end of a light spring of spring constant k is fixed to a wall and the other end is tied
to a block placed on a smooth horizontal surface. In a displacement, the work done by
the spring is ½ kx2. The possible cases are
a) the spring was initially compressed by a distance x and was finally in its natural
length
b) it was initially stretched by a distance x and finally was in its natural length

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
c) it was initially in its natural length and finally in a compressed position
d) it was initially in its natural length and finally in a stretched position
14. A block of mass ‘M’ is hanging over a smooth and light pulley through a light string.
The other
end of the string is pulled by a constant force F. The kinetic energy of the block
increases by 20J in
1s
a) the tension in the string is Mg b) the tension in the string is F
c) the work done by the tension on the block is 20J in the above is 1s
d) the work done by the force of gravity is –20J in the above 1s
15. A particle of mass 0.25kg moves under the influence of a force F = (2x-1). If the
velocity of the particle at x = 0 is 4m/s. its velocity at x = 2m will be
A) 4 2 m/s B) 2 2 m/s C) 8m/s D) 6m/s
16. Work done to accelerate a car from 10 to 20m/s compared with that required to
accelerate it from 0 to 10m/s is
A) twice B) three times C) four times D) same
17. Two springs have their force constant as K1 and K2 (K1 > K2). When they are stretched
by the same force :
A) no work is done in case of both the springs B) equal work is done in
case of both the springs
C) more work is done in case of second spring D) more work is done in
case of first spring
18. The kinetic energy K of a particle moving in a straight line depends upon the distance
s as K = as2 where a is a constant. The force acting on the particle is
A) 2as B) 2mas C) 2a D) as 2
19. A particle moves in a straight line with a retardation proportional to its displacement.
Its loss of kinetic energy for any displacement x is proportional to
A) x B) x2 C) ln x D) ex
20. A particle falls from rest under gravity. Its potential energy (PE) with respect to the
ground and its kinetic energy (KE) are plotted against time (t). Choose the correct
graph.

A) B) C) D)
21. Choose the wrong option
A) If conservative forces are doing negative work then potential energy will increase
and kinetic energy will decrease.
B) If kinetic energy is constant it means work done by conservative forces is zero.
C) for change in potential energy only conservative forces are responsible, but for
change in kinetic energy other than conservative forces are responsible
D) all of the above are wrong
22. Instantaneous power of a constant force acting on a particle moving in a straight line
under the action of this force :
A) is constant B) increases linearly with time
C) decreases linearly with time D) either increases or decreases linearly with time.
d2y
23. Suppose y represents the work done and x the power, then dimensions of will
dx 2
be :
[
A) M −1L−2 T 4 ] [
B) M 2 L−3 T −2 ] [
C) M −2 L−4 T −4 ] [
D) ML 3 T −6 ]
24. Choose the correct statement Work done by a variable force

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
A) Is defined as F . S B) Is independent of
path
C) Is always dependent on the initial and final positions D) None of these
25. Identify the correct statement for a non-conservative force
A) A force which is not conservative is called a non-conservative force
B) The work done by this force depends on the path followed
C) The word done by this force along a closed path is zero
D) The work done by this force is always negative
26. The figure shows a plot of potential energy function, u(x) = kx2 where
x is the displacement and k is a constant. Identify the correct
conservative force function F(x)

27. A plot of velocity versus time is shown in figure. A single force

acts on the body. Find correct statement
A) In moving from C to D, work done by the force on the body is
positive
B) In moving from B to C, work done by the force on the body is
positive
C) In moving from A to B, the body does work on the system and is
negative
D) In moving from O to A, work done by the body and is negative
28. The force acting on a body moving along x-axis varies with the position of the particle
as shown in the figure. The body is in stable equilibrium at
A) x = x1 B) x = x2
C) both x1 and x2 D) neither x1 and x2
29. Displacement time graph of a particle moving in a straight line is as
shown in figure. Select the correct alternative(s).
A) Work done by all the forces in region OA and BC is positive
B) Work done by all the forces in region AB is zero
C) Work done by all the forces in region BC is negative
D) Work done by all the forces in region OA is negative

KEY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B D C A B C C D C D AD BD AB B A
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
B C A B B D B A C B B A B B

LEVEL - II
1. A particle of mass m is moving in a circular path of radius r under the influence of
centripetal force F – C/r2. The total energy of the particle is
C C
a) − b) c) C x 2r d) Zero
2r 2r
mv 2 C −2 C
Sol: Fcentipetal F = = 2 ; v = − ∫ Fdr = C ∫ r dr = ; ∴ E1 = EK + v = C/2r –
r r α
r
C/r = -C/2r
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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
2. Water from a stream is falling on the blades of a turbine at the rate of 100kg/sec.
If the height of the stream is 100m then the power delivered to the turbine is
a) 100 kw b) 100 w c) 10 kw d) 1 kw
Sol: P = w/1 = (m/g) gh = 100 x 10 x 100 = 105w
3. A body is being moved along a straight line by a machine delivering a constant
power. The distance covered by the body in time t is proportional to
a) 1 b) t3/2 c) t3/4 d) t2
Sol: P = Fv = constant or ma . at = constant or a t = constant
2

 S = 1/2at2 or S α at2 But a α 1/ t

∴ S α t2/ t or S α t3/2
4. A ball is dropped from a height of 10m. If 40% of its energy is lost un collision
with the earth then after collision the ball will rebound to a height of
a) 10m b) 8m c) 4m d) 6m
u1 h1 100 10
Sol: ∴ = or =
u2 h2 60 h 2
5. A particle moves under the influence of a force F = CX from X = 0 to X = X 1. The
work done in this process will be
CX 12
a) b) CX 12 c) CX 13 d) 0
2
x2 x2
1
Sol: W = ∫ Fdx = ∫ cx dx = Cx 2
x1 0
2
6. A uniform chain of mass M and length L lies on a horizontal table such that one
third of its length hangs from the edge of the table. The work done is pulling the
hanging part on the table will be
MgL MgL MgL
a) b) MgL c) d)
3 9 18
Sol: W = M/3 . g . 1/6
7. A body of mass 2kg moves under the influence of a force. Its position x changes
with time according to the relation x = t3/3 where x is in meter and t in seconds.
The work done by this force in first two seconds will be
a) 1600 Joule b) 160 Joule c) 16 Joule d) 1.6 Joule
Sol: W = ½ mv2 – ½ mv1
2 2

8. A man and a child are holding a uniform rod of length L in the horizontal direction
in such a way that one fourth weight is supported by the child. If the child is at
one end of the rod then the distance of man from another end will be
a) 3L/4 b) L/4 c) L/3 d) 2L/3
3w  L 
Sol:  − x
4 2 
9. An electric motor produces a tension of 4500N in a load lifting cable and rolls it
at the rate of 2m/s. The power of the motor is
a) 9 kw b) 15 kw c) 225 kw d) 9 x 103 HP
Sol: P = Fv = 4500 x 2 = 9 kw
10. A body of mass m is accelerated to velocity v in time et 1.
The work done by the force as a function of time t will be
mv 2 t 2 2
1  mv  2 mv 2 mvt 2
a) b)   t c) t d)
2e 2 2 t  2t 2t

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
v 1 1 mv 2 2
Sol: Acceleration produced in a body a = ; W= ma2t2 = t
t1 2 2 t 12
11. A motor of 100 HP is moving with a constant velocity of 72
km/hour. The forward force exerted by the engine of the car is
a) 3.73 x 103 N b) 3.72 x 102 N c) 3.73 x 101 N d) None of the
above
Sol: F = P/v
12. The kinetic energy of a man is half the kinetic energy of a
boy of half of his mass. If the man increases his speed by 1m/s, then his kinetic
energy becomes equal to that of the boy. The ratio of the velocity of the boy and
that the man is
a) 2/1 b) 1/2 c) 3/4 d) 4/3
1 1 1 M 
Sol: According to question Mv 2 = x  U2 
2 2 2 2 
13. A bomb of mass 9 kg explodes into 2 pieces of 3kg and 6kg.
The velocity of 3 kg piece is 16 m/s. The kinetic energy of 6kg piece is
a) 768 Joule b) 786 Joule c) 192 Joule d) 687 Joule
1
Sol: m1v1 = m2v2; E K 2 = m 2 v 22
2
14. The increase in the potential energy of a body of mass m,
when it is carried from the surface of earth upto a height equal to the radius of
earth Re, will be
a) mgRe b) mgRe/2 c) mgRe/4 d) 2mgRe
GMm mgR
Sol: =
2R 2
15. A person of mass 60kg carries a 15 kg body on the top of a
building 10m high in 3 minutes. His efficiency is
a) 40% b) 30% c) 20% d) 10%
m
Sol: M = x 100
M +m
16. A force F = (3x2 + 2x – 7)N acts on a 2 kg body as a result
of which the body gets displaced form x = 0 to x = 5m. The work done by
the force will be
a) 35 Joule b) 70 Joule c) 115 Joule d) 270 Joule

( )
x2 s

∫ Fdx = ∫ 3x + 2x − 7 dx
2
Sol: W =
x1 0
17. A 50 gm bullet moving with a velocity of 10 m/s gets
embedded into a 950 gm stationary body. The loss in kinetic energy of the
system will be
a) 5% b) 50% c) 100% d) 95%
∆E m2
Sol: x100 = x100
E M1 + m 2
18. A crane lifts 300 kg weight from earth’s surface upto a
height of 2m in 3 seconds. The average power generated by it will be
a) 1960 watt b) 2205 watt c) 4410 watt d) 0 watt
Sol: P = w/t = mgh/t

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
19. A block of mass 16kg is moving on a frictionless horizontal
surface with velocity 4m/s and comes to rest after pressing a spring. If the force
constant of the spring is 100 N/m then the compression in the spring will be
a) 3.2 m b) 1.6 m c) 0.6 m d) 6.1 m
Sol: ½ mv = ½ kx
2 2

20. The relation between time and displacement of a particle

moving under the influence of a force F is t = x +3 where x is in meter and t in
second. The displacement of the particle when its velocity is zero will be
a) 1 m b) 0 m c) 3 m d) 2 m
Sol: t = x + 3 or x = (t – 3) ;2
∴ v = dx/dt
21. A 0 kg satellite completes one revolution around the earth
at a height of 100 km in 108 minutes. The work done by the gravitational force
of earth will be
108 x 10
a) 108 x 100 x 10 Joule b) Joule c) 0 Joule d)
100
100 x 10
Joule
108
Sol: W = Fd cosθ = Fd cos 900 = 0
22. A particle moves in a potential region given by u = 8x 2 – 4x
+ 400 Joule. Its state of equilibrium will be
a) x = 25 m b) x = 0.25 m c) x = 0.025 m d) x = 2.5 m
Sol: F = - du/dx
23. Two men with weights in the ratio 5 : 3 run up a stair case in
time in the ratio 11 : 9. The ratio of power of first to that of second is
a) 15/11 b) 11/15 c) 11/9 d) 9/11
mgh wh w
Sol: P = = α
t t t
24. A moving particle of mass m collides head on with another
stationary particle of mass 2m. What fraction of its initial kinetic energy will m
lose after the collision?
a) 9/8 b) 8/9 c) 19/18 d) 18/19
E Ki
Sol: mu + 2m x 0 = (m + 2m)v; E K1 − E K F E K i − 9 8
= =
E K1 E Ki 9
25. The potential energy function of a diatomic molecule is
a b
given as u(r) = 12
− , where a and b are positive constants and r is inter
r r6
atomic distance. The equilibrium between two atoms is
1/ 6 1/ 6 1/ 6 1/ 6
a)   b)   c)   d)  
b a b 2a
a  b  2a   b 
du 12 a 6b
Sol: = − 13 + 7 = 0
dr r r
26. A pump pulls 1000 kg water per minute from a 15 m deep
well and provides 4 m/s velocity to it. The power of pump is (g = 10 m/s2)
a) 2.6 kw b) 2.6 w c) 0.6 w d) 0.6 kw
mgh + 1 / 2mv 2
Sol: P = w =
t t

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
27. A body weighing 80N is moved up a slope of angle 60 0 with
the horizontal through a displacement of 1m. The energy loss due to friction is
20%. The energy gained by the body will be
a) 32 3 J b) 64 J c) 40 3 J d) 80 J
Sol: W = mg sin θ d
28. For the path PQR in a conservator force field (figure)
amounts work done in carrying a body from P to Q and from Q to R are 5 Joule
and 2 Joule respectively. The work done in carrying the body from P to R will be
a) 7 Joule
b) 3 Joule
c) 21 Joule
d) Zero
Sol: WPR = WPQ + WQR
29. Two particles each of mass m and traveling with velocities
u1 and u2 collide perfectly inelastically. The loss of energy will be
a) ½ m(u1 – u2)2 b) ¼ m(u1 – u2)2 c) m(u1 – u2)2 d) 2m(u1 – u2)2
1 m1 m 2
Sol: ∆ E = ( u1 − u 2 ) 2
2 M1 + m 2
30. Two protons are situated at a distance of 100 fermi from
each other. The potential energy of this system will be in ev
a) 44 b) 1.44 x 103 c) 1.44 x 102 d) 1.44 x 104
Sol: U = kq2/r
31. In order to reduce the kinetic energy of a body to half its
initial value, its speed will have to be changed by the following factor, of its initial
speed
a) 1/ 2 times b) 2 times c) 1/2 times d) 2 times
Sol: E = ½ mv ; ∴ v = F
2

32. A body of mass M and moving with velocity u makes a head

on elastic collision with another stationary body of m. If A = m/M, then the ratio
(f) of the loss of energy of M to its initial energy will be
A uA 4A
a) f = A(A + 1)2 b) f = c) f = d) f =
( A + 1) 2
( A + 1) 2
( A + 1) 2
4Mm 4A
Sol: f = =
( M + m) 2
(1 + A ) 2
33. Two masses m1 = 2kg and m2 = 5kg are moving on a
frictionless surface with velocities 10 m/s and 3 m/s respectively. m 2 is ahead of
m1. An ideal spring of spring constant k = 1120 N/m is attached on the backside
of m2. The maximum compression of the spring will be, if on collision the two
bodies stick together.
a) 0.51 m b) 0.062 m
c) 0.25 m d) 0.72 m
1 m1 m 2
Sol: ∆ E = ( u 1 − u 2 ) 2 = 1 kx 2
2 m1 + m 2 2
34. A body at rest explodes all of a sudden in three equal parts.
The moments of two parts are Pi and 2Pj and their kinetic energies are k1 and k2.
If P3 and k3 are the momentum and kinetic energy respectively of the third part
then the ratio k2/k3 will be
a) 2/5 b) 3/5 c) 4/5 d) 1/5
Sol: Conceptual

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35. A block falls down from a table 0.5m high. It falls on an
ideal vertical spring of constant 4 x 10 2 N/m. Initially the spring is 25 cm long
and its length becomes 10 cm after compression. The mass of the block is (g =
10m/s2)
a) 0.5 kg b) 2 kg c) 1.2 kg d) 0.9 kg
Sol: mgh = ½ kx2
36. The mass of a bucket full of water is 15 kg. It is being pulled
up from a 15m deep well. Due to a hole in the bucket 6 kg water flows out of the
bucket. The work done in drawing the bucket out of the well will be
a) 900 joule b) 1500 joule c) 1800 joule d) 2100 joule
15 + 9
Sol: W = mgh = =12 kg
2
37. A spring of force constant k is first stretched by a lens x and
then again by a further length x. The work done in the first case is w 1 and in the
second case w2, then
a) w2 = w1 b) w2 = 2w1 c) w2 = 3w1 d) w2 = 4w1
Sol: w1 = ½ kx , w3 = ½ k(2x )
2 2

38. A 2k body is projected, at an angle of 30 0 with the

horizontal, with a velocity of 10m/s. The kinetic energy of the body after 1
second will be
a) 10 joule b) 50 joule c) 100 joule d) 200 joule
Sol: v = u +g t −2ugt sin θ
2 2 2

39. A 10 kg block is pulled in the vertical plane

along a frictionless surface in the form of an arc of a circle of
radius 10m. The applied force is of 200N as shown in the figure.
If the block started from rest to A, the velocity at B would be
a) 1.732 m/s b) 17.32 m/s
c) 173.2 m/s d) none of these
Sol: ½ mx2 = 200 cos 300 x 5 3
40. A block of mass m is pushed towards a movable wedge of
mass β m and height h with a velocity u. All surfaces are smooth. When the
block collides with the wedge, the velocity of centre of mass of block wedge
system will be
u
a) u b) 1 +β
c) u(1 + β ) d) 0
Sol: mu = (m + β m)v cm
41. In the above problem, the minimum value of u for which the
block will reach the top of the wedge, will be
 1  1
a) 2gh 
1 + β
 b) β 2gh c) 2gh d) 2gh 
1 − β

   
Sol: ½ mu2 = mgh + ½ (m + β m)V2cm
42. A liquid in a U tube is changed from position (a) to position
(b) with the help of a pump. The density of liquid is d and area of cross section of
the tube is a. The work done in pumping the liquid will be
a) dgha
b) dgh2a
c) 2gdh2a
d) 4dgh2a
Sol: W = 2ahdgh – 2(ahdg h/2) = dgh2a

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
43. The human heart discharges 75cc of block through the
arteries at each beat against an average pressure of 10cm of mercury. The
pulse frequency of the heart is 72 per minute. The rate of working of heart is
a) 2.35 w b) 3.29 w c) 1.19 w d) 9.11 w
dv
Sol: P = hdg
dt
44. A block of mass 1kg is pulled up on an incline of angle 30 0
with the horizontal. The block moves with an acceleration of 1 m/s2. The power
delivered by the pulling force at t = 4s will be
a) 12 w b) 36 w c) 24 w d) 48 w
Sol: F – mg sin θ = ma or F = mg sin θ + ma
45. A particle of mass m is moving in a circular path of constant
radius r. The centripetal acceleration of the particle (ac) is varying with time t
according to following relation ac = k2n2 where k is a constant. The power
delivered to the particle by the forces acting on it will be
a) mk2 r2 t2 b) m2k2 r2t2 c) m2k2 rt d) mk2r2t
Sol: ac = v /r = k n ;
2 2 2
w = ½ mv 2/2 – ½ mv1 = ½ m k r t = 0; ∴ P = dw/dt
2 2 2 2

46. A block of mass 2kg is released from A on a track that is a

on quadrant of a circle of radius 1m. It slides down the track and reaches B with
a speed of 4m/s and finally stops at C at a distance of 3m from B. The work done
against the force of friction is
a) 2 joule b) 5 joule
c) 10 joule d) 20 joule
  
1 1 1 
Sol: W = mgh − mv 2B  +  mv 2B − mv C2 
 2  2 2 
47. A man pulls a bucket full of water from a h metre deep well.
If the mass of the rope is m and mass of bucket full of water is M, then the work
done by the man is
M  M + m   m
a)  + m  gh b)  gh c) M + gh d) (M + m) gh
2   2    2

 m 
Sol: M +  gh  = w
2 
48. A particle has shifted along some trajectory in the x – y
plane from point r1 =î −2 ĵ to another point r2 = 2î +3 ĵ . During that time, the
particle experiences the action of two forces Fi = 3î + 4 ĵ and F2 = 2î − 7 ĵ + 2k̂ . The
work done by the forces on the particle will be
a) 5 joule b) -5 joule c) 10 joule d) -10 joule
Sol: F = F1 + F2
49. A 2kg body is dropped from height of
1m on to a spring of spring constant 800 kg/m as shown in
the figure. A frictional force equivalent to 0.4 kg wt acts on
the body. The speed of the body just before striking the
spring will be
a) 1 m/s b) 2 m/s
c) 3 m/s d) 4 m/s
Sol: mgh = ½ mv2 + Ffr h
50. A shell is fired from a cannon with a velocity v and at an
angle θ from the horizontal to hit a target at a horizontal distance R. It splits in
two equal parts at the highest point of its path. One part refracts its path and

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
reaches back upto the cannon. The velocity of the second part just after the
explosion will be
a) 3/2 v cos θ b) 2 v cos θ c) 3 v cos θ d) 3 /2 v cos θ
Sol: mv cos θ = m/2 v cosθ + m/2 v
51. A block of mass 10 kg moving on a smooth surface with a
speed of 30 m/s bursts into two equal parts. Both parts continue to move in the
seme direction. If one of the parts moves at 40 m/s, the energy produce in the
process is
a) 200 J b) 500 J c) 700 J d) J
Sol: mv = m1 v1 + m2 v2; E = ½ m1v1 + ½ m2 v2 – ½ mv
2 2 2

52. Two identical 5 kg blocks are moving with same speed of 2

m/s towards each other along a frictionless horizontal surface. The two blocks
collide, stick together and come to rest. The work done by the external forces is
a) 0 b) 10 J c) 20 J d) none of these
Sol: As Fext = 0; ∴ Wext = F ext . S = 0
53. In the above problem, the work done by the inertial
forces is
a) 0 b) 10 J c) 20 J d) none of these
Sol: Wint = ½ mv + ½ mv
2 2

54. The force-displacement curve for a body moving on a smooth

surface under the influence of foce F acting along the
direction of displacement s has been shown in fig. If the initial
kinetic energy of the body is 2.5J. its kinetic energy at s = 6m
is
A) 7J B) 4.5J C) 2.25J
D) 9J
55. A bullet, moving with a speed of 150m/s, strikes a wooden plank. After passing
through the plank its speed becomes 125m/s. Another bullet of the same mass and
size strikes the plank with a speed of 90m/s. It speed after passing through the plank
would be
A) 25m/s B) 35m/s C) 50m/s D) 70m/s
56. A man of mass 60kg climbs a staircase inclined at 45 0 and having 10steps. Each step
is 20cm high. He takes 2 seconds for the first five steps and 3 seconds for the
remaining five steps. The average power of the man is
A) 245W B) 245 2 W C) 235 2 W D) 235W
57. The potential energy of a particle moving in x-y plane is given by U = x2 + 2y. The
force acting on the particle at (2, 1) is
A) 6N B) 20 N C) 12 N D) 0
58. Water is flowing in a river at 20m/s. The river is 50m wide and has an average depth
of 5m. The power available from the current in the river is
A) 0.5MW B) 1.0MW C) 1.5MW D) 2.0MW
59. A 5kg brick of dimensions 20cm x 10cm x 8cm is lying on the largest base. It is now
made to stand with length vertical. If g = 10m/s2, then the amount of work done is
A) 3J B) 5J C) 7J D) 9J
60. The displacement x of a particle moving in one dimension, under the action of a
constant force is related to time t by the equation t = x +3, where x is in metres
and t in seconds. The work done by the force in first 6 seconds is
A) 9J B) 6J C) 0J D) 3J
61. A body of mass m was slowly pulled up the hill by a force F
which at each point was directed along the tangent of the
trajectory. All surfaces are smooth. Find the work performed
by this force
A) mg  B) -mg 

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
C) mgh D) zero
62. A rope ladder with a length l carrying a man of mass m at its end, is attached to the
basket of a balloon of mass M. The entire system is in equilibrium in air. As the man
climbs up the ladder into the balloon, the balloon descends by height h. Then the
potential energy of man
A) increases by mg l B) increases by mg (l -h)
C) increases by mgh D) increases by mg (2 l -h)
63. Two springs s1 and s2 have negligible masses and the spring constant of s1 is
one-third that of s2. When a block is hung from the springs as shown, the
springs came to the equilibrium again. The ratio of work done is stretching s 1
to s2 is
A) 1/9
B) 1/3
C) 1
D) 3

64. A light spring of length l and spring constant 'k' it is placed vertically. A small ball of
mass m falls from a height h as measured from the bottom of the spring. The ball
attaining to maximum velocity when the height of the ball from the bottom of the
spring is
A) mg/k B) l-mg/k C) l + mg/k D) l - k/mg
65. A block of mass 1kg is permanently attached with a spring of spring constant k =
100N/m. The spring is compressed 0.20m and placed on a horizontal smooth surface.
When the block is released, it moves to a point 0.4m beyond the point when the
spring is at its natural length. The work done by the spring in changing from
compressed state to the stretched state is
A) 10J B) -6J C) -8J D) 18J
66. A chain of length l and mass m lies on the surface of a smooth sphere of radius R
with one end tied on the top of the sphere. If  = π R/2, then the potential energy of
the chain with reference level at the centre of sphere is give by
A) m R g B) 2m R g C) 2/π m R g D) 1/π m R g
67. If the force acting on a particle is given by F = 2i + xyj + xz2k, how much work is
done when the particle moves parallel to Z-axis from the point (2, 3, 1) to (2, 3, 4) ?
A) 42J B) 48J C) 84J D) 36J
68. A uniform chain of length '  ' and mass m is placed on a smooth table with one-
fourth of its length hanging over the edge. The work that has to be done to pull the
whole chain back onto the table is
1 1 1 1
A) mgl B) mgl C) mgl D) mgl
4 8 16 32
69. A spring, which is initially in its unstretched condition, is first stretched by a length x
and then again by a further length x. The work done in the first case is W 1 and in the
second case is W2
A) W2 = W1 B) W2 = 2W1 C) W2 = 3W1 D) W2 = 4W1
70. A particle of mass m is fixed to one end of a light rigid rod of length '  ' and rotated
in a vertical circular path about its other end. The minimum speed of the particle at
its highest point must be
1) zero B) gl C) 1.5gl D) 2gl
71. A force F acting on a body depends on its displacement x as Fα xn. The power
delivered by F will be independent of x if n is
A) 1/3 B) -1/3 C) 1/2 D) -1/2
72. A particle is moving in a conservative force field from point A to B. UA and UB are the
potential energies of the particle at points A and B and W c is the work done in the
process of taking the particle from A to B.
A) Wc = UB - UA B) Wc = UA - UB C) UA > UB D) UB > UA

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
73. A force is given by Mv2/r when the mass moves with speed v in a circle of radius r.
The work done by this force in moving the body over upper half circle along the
circumference is
A) zero B) ∞ C) Mv2 D) Mv2 π /2
74. A moving railway compartment has a spring of constant 'k' fixed to its front wall. A
boy in the compartment stretches this spring by distance x and in the mean time the
compartment moves by a distance s. The work done by boy w.r.t earth is
1 1 1 1
A) kx 2 B) (kx) (s+x) C) kxs D) kx ( s + x + s )
2 2 2 2
75. Force acting on a block moving along x-axis is given by :
 4 
F = −  2  N
x +2
The block is displaced from x=-2m to x=+4m, the work done will be
A) positive B) negative
C) zero D) may be positive or negative
75. The system is released from rest with both the springs in unstretched positions.
Mass of each block is 1 kg and force constant of each springs is 10 N/m. Extension
of horizontal spring in equilibrium is:
A) 0.2m B) 0.4m C) 0.6m D) 0.8m
77. In a projectile motion, if we plot a graph between power of the force acting on the
projectile and time then it would be like :

A) B) C) D)
78. A golfer rolls a small ball with speed u along the floor from point A. If x = 3R,
determine the required
speed u so that the ball returns to A after rolling on the circular surface in the vertical
plane from B to C and becoming a projectile at C.
(Neglect friction)
2 5
A) gR B) gR
5 2
5
C) gR D) none of these
7
79. A wind-powered generator converts wind energy into electrical energy. Assume that
the generator converts a fixed fraction of the wind energy intercepted by its blades
into electrical. For wind speed v, the electrical power output will be proportional to
A) v B) ν 2 C) ν 3 D) ν 4
KEY
54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68
A B D B B A C C B D B B C A D
69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
C A B B A A B B B B C

LEVEL – III
1. A block m is pulled by applying a force F as shown in fig. If the block
has moved up through a distance 'h', the work done by the force F is
A) 0 2) Fh

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
1
C) 2Fh D) Fh
2
2. A body of mass m, having momentum p is moving on a rough horizontal surface. If it
is stopped in a distance x, the coefficient of friction between the body and the
surface is given by
A) µ = p/(2mg x) B) µ = p2 / (2mg s) C) µ = p2 / (2g m2s) D) µ = p2 (2g m2s2)
3. A body of mass m moves from rest, along a straight line, by an engine delivering
constant power P. the velocity of the body after time t will be
2Pt 2Pt Pt Pt
A) B) C) D)
m m 2m 2m
4. The spring shown in fig has a force constant k and the mass of block is m.
Initially, the spring is unstretched when the block is released. The
maximum elongation of the spring on the releasing the mass will be
mg 1 mg mg mg
A) B) C) 2 D) 4
k 2 k k k

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
5. A skier starts from rest at point A and slides down the
hill, without turning or braking. The friction coefficient is
µ . When he stops at point B, his horizontal
displacement in S. The height difference h between
points A and B is
A) h = S/µ B) h = µ S
C) h = µ S 2
D) h = S/µ 2

6. A small block of mass m is kept on a rough inclined surface of inclination θ fixed in

an elevator. The elevator goes up with a uniform velocity v and the block does not
slide on the wedge. The work done by the force of friction on the block in time t will
be
A) zero B) mg vt cos2θ C) mg vt sin2θ D) mg vt sin2θ
7. A block of mass m starts at rest at height h on a frictionless inclined plane. The block
slides down the plane travels a total distance d across
a rough horizontal surface with coefficient of kinetic
friction µ k and compresses a spring with force
constant k, a distance x before momentarily coming to
rest. The spring then extends and the block travels
back across the rough surface, sliding up the plane.
The maximum height h' that the block reaches on its return is
1
A) h' = h - 2µ d B) h' = h - 2µ d - kx2
2
C) h' = h - 2µ d + kx2 D) h' = h - 2µ d - kx2
8. A chain of length 3  and mass m lies at the top of smooth
prism such that its length  is one side and 2  is on the
other side of the vertex. The angle of prism is 1200 and the
prism is not free to move. If the chain is released. What will
be its velocity when the right end of the chain is just crossing
the top-most point?
2 1 1
A) 2 g l B) gl C) gl D) gl
3 3 2
9. If a constant power P is applied in a vehicle, then its acceleration increases with time
according to the relation
 P   P  3/ 2  P  P
A) a = 
 2m
t
 B) a =  t
 C) a = 
 2m
1 / t
 D) a =
   2 m    2mt
10. A body of mass m slides downward along a plane inclined at an angle α . The
coefficient of friction is µ . The rate at which kinetic energy plus gravitational
potential energy dissipates expressed as a function of time is
A) µ mtg2 cos α B) µ mtg2 cos α (sin α - µ cos α )
C) µ mtg2 sin α D) µ mtg2 sin α (sin α - µ cos α )
11. The potential energy for a force field F is given by U(x, y) = sin (x + y). The force
acting on the particle of mass m at (0, π /4) is
A) 1 B) 2 C) 1/ 2 D) 0
12. A uniform rope of length '  ' and mass m hangs over a horizontal table with two third
part on the table. The coefficient of friction between the table and the chain is µ . The
work done by the friction during the period the chain slips completely off the table is
A) 2/9 µ mgl B) 2/3 µ mgl C) 1/3 µ mgl D) 1/9 µ mgl
13. A particle is moving in a force field given by potential U = - λ (x + y + z) from the
point (1, 1, 1) to (2, 3, 4). The work done in the process is
A) 3λ B) 1.5λ C) 6λ D) 12λ

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
14. A compressed spring of spring constant k releases a ball of
mass m. If the height of spring is h and the spring is
compressed through a distance x, the horizontal distance
covered by ball to reach ground is
kh xkh
A) x B)
mg mg
2kh mg
C) x D)
mg x kh
15. A block of mass m = 2kg is moving with velocity
vo towards a massless unstretched spring of force
constant K = 10 N/m. Coefficient of friction
between the block and the ground is µ = 1/5.
Find maximum value of vo so that after pressing
the spring the block does not return back but
stops there permanently.
A) 6 m/s B) 12m/s C) 8m/s D) 10m/s
16. Potential energy of a particle moving along x-axis under the action of only
conservative forces is given as : U = 10 + 4 sin(4π x). Here U is in Joule and x in
meters. Total mechanical energy of the particle is 16J. Choose the correct option.
A) At x = 1.25m, particle is at equilibrium position. C) both A and B are correct
B) Maximum kinetic energy of the particle is 20J D) both A and B are wrong.
17. A system shown in figure is released from rest. Pulley and spring is
massless and friction is absent everywhere. The speed of 5 kg block
when 2 kg block leaves the contact with ground is (Take force
constant of spring k = 40 N/m and g = 10 m/s2)
A) 2 m/s` B) 2 2 m/s
C) 2m/s D) 4 2 m/s
18. Two blocks of masses m1 = 1 kg and m2 = 2 kg are connected by a
non-deformed light spring. They are lying on a rough horizontal
surface. The coefficient of friction between the blocks and
the surface is 0.4 what minimum constant force F has to be
applied in horizontal direction to the block of mass m 1 in
order to shift the other block? (g = 10 m/s2)
A) 8 N B) 15 N C) 10 N D) 25 N
19. A block of mass m is attached with a massless spring of force
constant k. The block is placed over a rough inclined surface for
which the coefficient of friction is µ = ¾. The minimum value of M
required to move the block up the plane is (Neglect mass of
string and pulley and friction in pulley).

A) 3/5m B) 4/5m C) 6/5m D) 3/2m

20. A particle of mass m is moving in a circular path of constant radius r such that its
centripetal acceleration ac is varying with time t as, ac = k2 r t2 where k is a constant.
What is the power delivered to the particle by the forces acting on it?
(mk 4 r 2 t s )
A) 2 pmk2r2t B) mk2r2t C) D) zero
3
21. A particle, which is constrained to move along the x- axis, is subjected to a force in
the same direction which varies with the distance x of the particle from the origin as
F(x) = -kx + ax2. Here k and a are positive constant. For x ≥ 0, the function form of
the potential energy υ (x) of the particle is

A) B) c) D)

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
KEY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
C C A C B C A B D B A
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
A C C D A B A A B

MULTIPLE ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS


1. The potential energy U for a force field F is such that U = - kxy, where k is a
constant
 
A) F = ky î + x ˆ
k j B) F = kx î +k
y ĵ
 
C) The force F is a conservative force D) The force F is a non-conservative force
2. A sledge moving over a smooth horizontal
surface of ice at a velocity v0 drives out on a
horizontal road and comes to a halt as shown.
The sledge has a length l, mass m and friction
between runners and road is µ
A) No work is done by the friction to switch the sledge from ice to the road
1
B) A work of µ mgl is done against friction while sledge switches completely on to
2
road
 v 02 l
C) The distance covered by the sledge on the road is 
 2 µg −2 

 
 v0 2
l
D) Total distance moved by the sledge before stopping is  
 2 µg + 2 
 
3. A strip of wood of mass M and length l is placed on a smooth horizontal surface. An
insect of mass m starts at one end of the strip and walks to the other end in time t,
moving with a constant speed
1
A) The speed of the insect as seen from the ground is <
t
1 M 
B) The speed of the strip as seen from the ground is  
t  M +m 


1 m 
C) The speed of the strip as seen from the ground is  
t  M +m 


2
1 1 
D) The total kinetic energy of the system is (m + M)  
2 t 

4. Two blocks A and B each of mass m are

connected by a light spring of natural length L
and spring constant k. The blocks are initially
resting on a smooth horizontal floor with the
spring at its natural length, as shown. A third
identical block C, also of mass m, moves on the
floor with a speed v along the line joining A to B and collides with A. Then
A) the kinetic energy of the A-B system at maximum compression of the spring is
zero
B) the kinetic energy of the A-B system at maximum compression of the spring is
 mv 2 
 
 4 
 
 m 
C) the maximum compression of the spring is  v 

 k 

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
 m 
D) the maximum compression of the spring is 

v 

 2k 
5. Suppose a car is modeled as a cylinder moving with a speed v. If A is the area of
cross section of the car and ρ is the density of air then
1
A) Power loss due to air resistance is Aρ v3 B) power loss due to air resistance is
2
Aρ v3
1
C) drag force is Aρ v2 D) drag force is Aρ v2
2
6. A heavy mass M resting on the ground is connected to a lighter mass m
through a light inextensible string passing over a light, frictionless
pulley as shown in the figure. The string connected to mass M is loose.
Let lighter mass m be allowed to fall freely through a height h such that
the string becomes taut. If t is the time from this instant onwards when
the heavier mass again makes contact with the ground and ∆ E is the
change in kinetic then
2m 2h 2m 2h
A) t = B) t = C) ∆ E = -
M +m g M −m g
1  Mm  2 1

 M +m 
v D) ∆ E = - Mv 2
2   2
7. The kinetic energy of a body moving along a straight line varies directly with time t.
If the velocity of the body is v at time t, then the force F acting on the body is such
that
A) F ∝ t1/2 B) F ∝ t-1/2 C) F ∝ v D) F ∝ v-1
8. A car of mass m is moving on a level road at a constant speed vmax while facing a
resistive force R. If the car slows down to vmax/3, then assuming the engine to be
working at the same power, what force F is developing and
what is the acceleration a of the car ?
A) F = 3R B) F = 2R

C) a = 3P/m vmax D) a = 2 P/m vmax

9. The net interacting force F between two particles is related
to the distance x between them, as shown in figure. Then
A) potential energy of the system decreases from x1 to x2
B) potential energy of the system increases from x2 to x3
C) potential energy of the system decreases from x3 to x4
D) kinetic energy increases from x1 to x2
10. The potential energy of a particle of mass 1 kg moving in xy plane is given by U = 10
- 4x - 3y
The particle is at rest at (2, 1) at t = 0. Then
A) velocity of particle at t = 1 is 5 m/s B) the particle is at (10m, 7m) at t = 2s
C) work done during t = 1s to t = 2s is 75J
D) the magnitude of force acting on particle is 5N
11. The figure shows a potential energy function. In the region 0 ≤
r ≤ R, U(r) is parabolic. In the region r ≥ R, U(r) is an inversely
proportional function.
Identify the correct conservative force function F(r) plot.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
12. The potential energy function between two atoms in a diatomic molecule can be
plotted as shown in figure.
Mark the correct statement(s):
A) There is only one position of equilibrium
B) There is two position of equilibrium
C) There is only one position of stable equilibrium
D) Both the positions are of stable equilibrium
13. A block of mass m is gently placed on a vertical spring of
stiffness k. Choose the correct statement related to the mechanical energy E of the
system.
A) It remains constant B) It decreases C) It increases D) Nothing can be said
14. A spring of stiffness k is pulled by two forces F A and FB as
shown in the figure so that the spring remains in
equilibrium. Identify the correct statement(s):
A) The work done by each force contributes into the
increase in potential energy of the spring
B) The force undergoing larger displacement does positive work and the force
undergoing smaller displacement does negative work
C) Both the forces perform positive work
D) The net work done is equal to the increase in potential
energy
15. A particle of mass m is released from a height H on a smooth
curved surface which ends into a vertical loop of radius R, as
shown in figure.
If θ is the instantaneous angle which the line joining the
particle and the centre of the loop makes with the vertical, the identify the correct
statement(s) related to the normal reaction N between the block and the surface.
A) The maximum value N occurs at θ = 0 B) The minimum value of N occurs at N =
π
3π
C) The value of N becomes negative for π /2 < θ <
2
D) The value of N becomes zero only when θ > π /2
16. An engine is pulling a train of mass m on a level track at a uniform speed v. The
resistive force offered per unit mass is f
A) Power produced by the engine is mfv
B) The extra power developed by the engine to maintain a speed v up a gradient of h
mghv
in s is
s
C) The frictional force exerting on the train is mf on the level track
D) None of above is correct
17. A particle of mass 5 kg moving in the x-y plane has its potential energy given by U =
(-7x + 24y) J, where x and y are in metre. The particle is initially at origin and has a

velocity u =(14 .4î +4.2 ĵ) ms −1

A) The particle has a speed of 25 ms-1 at t = 4 s B) The particle has an

acceleration of 5 ms-2
C) The acceleration of the particle is perpendicular to its initial velocity
D) None of the above is correct
18. A particle is moving in a conservative force field from point A to point B. UA and UB
are the potential energies of the particle at points A and B and Wc is the work done in
the process of taking the particle from A to B
A) Wc = UB - UA B) Wc = UA - UB C) UA > UB D) UB > UA
19. At the position of stable equilibrium

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
dU du d2U dU d2U
A) = 0 only B) = 0 and > 0 C) = 0 and <0
dx dx dx 2 dx dx 2
D) None of these
20. Choose the correct statement(s) related to the conservative force and potential
energy.
A) Potential energy decrease in the direction of conservative force
B) Potential energy increase in the direction of conservative force
C) Conservative force does work by lowering its potential energy
D) Conservative force does work by raising its potential energy
KEY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AC BCD AC BD AC BC BD AD ABD ABD
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A BC B ACD ABD ABC ABC BC C BC

COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS

Passage I (Q.No: 1 to 7):
The potential energy of two atoms in a diatomic molecule is approximated by U(r) =
a b
12
− 6 , where r is the spacing between atoms and a and b are positive constants.
r r
1. Find the force F(r) on one atom as a function of r:
12 a b 12 a 6b 12 a 6b
A) 0 B) 13 + 7 C) 12 − 6 D) 13 − 7
r r r r r r
2. Which is the most appropriate graph U(r) versus r:

A) B) C) D)

3. Which is the most appropriate graph F(r) versus r:

A) B) C) D)

4. Find the equilibrium distance between the two atoms:

1/ 6
 2a 
A) 2a B) 2a/b C) 2a/5b D)  
 b 
5. From the above conclusion can we predict about equilibrium state:
A) the equilibrium is stable B) the equilibrium is unstable
C) the equilibrium may be stable D) the equilibrium may be unstable
6. What minimum energy must be added to the molecule to dissociate it, if the distance
between the two atoms is equal to the equilibrium distance found in Q. 4 ?
A) b2/a B) 2b2/a C) b2/4a D) 2a/b
7. For the molecule CO, the equilibrium distance between the carbon and oxygen atoms
is 1.13 x 10-10 m and the dissociation energy is 1.54 x 10-18 J per molecule. Find the
values of a and b:
A) a = 6.67 x 10-138 J-m12 B) a = 6.41 x 10-78 J-m6

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
b = 2.08 x 10-60 J m6 b = 6.67 x 10-138 J-m12
C) a = 6.67 x 10-138 J-m12 D) a=0
b = 6.41 x 10-78 J m6 b = 6.41 x 10-78 J m6

Passage II (Q.No: 8 to 11) :

A cutting tool under microprocessor control has several forces acting on it. One force

is F =−αxy 2 ĵ , a force in the negative y-direction whose magnitude depend on the
position of the tool. The constant is α = 2.50 N. Consider the displacement of the
tool from the origin to the point x = 3.00 m, y = 3.00 m.

8. Calculate the work done on the tool by F if this displacement is along the straight
line y = x that connects these two points ?
A) 2.50 J B) 500 J C) 50.6 J D) 2 J

9. Calculate the work done on the tool by F if the tool is first moved out along the x-
axis to the point x = 3.00 m, y = 0 and then moved parallel to the y-axis to x = 3.00
m, y = 3.00 m.
A) 67.5 J B) 85 J C) 102 J D) 7.5 J

10. Compare the work done by F along these two paths ?
A) Work done on x-axis is zero
B) Work done on y-axis is less than on y-axis
C) Work done on x-axis is more than on y-axis but not zero
D) Data insufficient

11. What can you predict about F ?
A) Force is non-conservative
B) Force is conservative
C) Force is neither conservative nor non-conservative
D) Data insufficient to conclude

Passage III (Q.No: 12 to 16):

A 1200 kg car is travelling at 7.5 m/s in a northerly direction on an icy road. It
crashes into a 8000 kg truck moving in the same direction as the car with a velocity
of 3.0 m/s before the collision. The speed of the car after the collision is 3.0 m/s in its
original direction.
12. Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between energy and momentum in
the passage ?
A) The collision is not perfectly elastic, both momentum and energy are not
conserved
B) The collision is inelastic, kinetic energy is conserved but momentum is not
C) The collision is not perfectly elastic, momentum is conserved but total energy is
not
D) The collision is not perfectly elastic, momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is
not
13. What is the velocity of the truck after the collision ?
A) 7.5 m/s B) 3.7 m/s C) 3.0 m/s D) 1.1 m/s
14. The car then proceeds to a garage. To get there, the driver turns off onto a smooth
road with a coefficient of friction = µ = 1/4. He then stops for a snack and then tries
to drive off. what is the value of frictional force when the force the car exerts is 300
N?
A) 0 N B) 100 N C) 300 N D) 4000 N
15. After leaving the garage, the driver of the car follows the same road and eventually
has to go up a hill. How does the frictional force on the car now compare to the value
when the car was driving on level ground ?
A) No change B) It increased C) It decreased
D) The direction of change depends on the angle of
elevation

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
16. If the car is moving up the hill at 5 m/s and the car is 40m up the hill as shown in the
diagram, how much potential energy does the car possess at that point ? (g = 9.8
m/s2).
A) 2.40 x 105 J B) 2.40 x 104 J
C) 4.95 x 105 J D) 4.95 x 104 J

KEY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
D A D D A A C C A A A

***

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INSIGHT IIT JEE CLASSES NALLAKUNTA 040 64606657
MULTIPLE MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Match the following:
List - I List - II
a) Area under F - S e) Change in KE
b) Work energy theorem f) negative of work done to gravitational
force
c) change in PE g) work done by F

d) conservative force h) −∫F . dx , where F is conservative force
i) gravitational force
2. Match the following:
List - I List - II
a) KE e) depends on frame of reference
b) work done f) defined for conservative force only
c) PE g) independent on frame of reference
d) spring PE h) same for either compression or elongation for same
distance
3. Match the following:
List - I List - II
a) stable equilibrium e) PE in Max
b) unstable equilibrium f) Fnet = 0
dF g) PE is Min
c) ≤0
dx
dF h) slope of F-x graph is +ve
d) ≥0
dx
4. Match the following:
List - I List - II
a) work done by frictional force e) indepent of path
b) work done by electrostatic force f) non-conservative
c) work done by gravitational force for closed loop g) depends on path
d) for slowly moving body, wc + wn.c equal to h) define PE
i) zero

KEY
1 2 3 4
a-eg, b-e, c-fh, d-i a-e, b-e, c-ef, d-gh a-fg, b-efh, c-g, d-eh a-fg, b-eh, c-i, d-i

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