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Telemetry

Telemetry and Depth Tracking

Sperry Drilling Services
13th Dec 2011

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

Transmission of data from M/LWD tool downhole to

surface
RealTime data for decision making while the drilling
progress
Mud Pulse telemetry
Electromagnetic telemetry
Wired
Wi d pipe
i telemetry
t l
t

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

Mud Pulse Telemetry

M/LWD

Acquiscition of M/LWD data

M/LWD tool decode the data
into pulse time intervals
Pressure pulses made
downhole
Transmitted inside the
drillstring, through the mud
column
Pressure pulses detected by
surface pressure sensor
Time interval between pulses
decoded back into data by
surface computer

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

Positive Pulse
Restrict the flowpath
inside the drillstring
g sudden
Causing
increase of pressure
pulses
Pressure variation
detected at surface
Decoded by surface
computer

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

Negative Pulse

Mud Pulse Telemetry

Venting mud from

inside the drillstring
to the annulus
Causing
C
i
sudden
dd drop
d
of pressure
Pressure variation
detected at surface
Decoded by surface
computer

Relies on good pulse

detection at surface
Factors affecting detection
Pump
P mp noise
Drilling noise
Mud condition
Depth
Signal attenuation, 80 psi pulse
generated at 4,500m will be
10psi at surface

Detection at 3316 m, Rig A

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

Mud Pulse Telemetry

Mud Pulse Telemetry

Detection at 3650m, Rig B

Pressure transducer installed

on surface
Standpipe
Pumps
P
Gooseneck
Detects very small pressure
pulses which may not be
visible on other pressure
indicators
Our sensors are screened to
acquire the best out of
manufacturing

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

Transmitted data pulse from downhole is not

decodable at surface

Detection at 3316 m, Rig A

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

Pulsation dampener

Reciprocating mud pumps

induce pressure pulsation at a
certain frequency
The pulsation is affected by
the pump speed
Pulsation dampener reduce
the vibration and noise

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Other factors affecting detection

Drilling noise

Mud Condition

Standard part of rig pump on

mostt rig
i
Requires proper maintenance
Others

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

Drilling noise is a natural part of

drilling
Excessive vibration will induce large
amount of noise
Excessive pump noise
Viscosity of the mud
Mud which have remained static for
a while
High LCM contents causing signal
attenuation
Washout of drillstring
Debris accumulating on the pulser
Any leakage in the flow loop
For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

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Electromagnetic telemetry

Other types of Telemetry system

Drillpipe acts as
center Conductor

First commercial system launched

in 1995, 800+ wells between 2003 2005

D
Does
nott require
i a solid
lid column
l
of fluid for data transmission

Battery powered, does not require

pumps on for operation

Full two-way communication

Earths Formations act

as lossy outer conductor

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

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Electromagnetic telemetry

Wired pipe telemetry

Benefits
- Independent of mudflow
- No moving parts

Indonesia EM experience
- Medco
M d Sumatra
S
t over 5 years

- Higher data rates

- Chevron Sumatra

- less limited by LCM

Applications
Currently limited to onshore
Depth limitation
Advantage for underbalanced
operation

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

Intellipipe, incorporating specialized drillipipe with integrated

conductor for data transmission

Recorded data quality in RealTime

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

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Questions?

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How to communicate with

M/LWD downhole?

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

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M/LWD Communication

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Downlink Command
Geospan installed at standpipe with venting valve
Creating pressure drop at the standpipe to send
command to the tool downhole
Sending a pulse downhole instead of uphole

M/LWD tools are traditionally one-way communication

equipment
M/LWD D
Downhole
h l id
identifies
tifi pumps on/off
/ ff condition
diti th
through
h
rotation of the impeller. No Rotation = Pumps off
Pump cycling to
Take survey
Reset the M/LWD Tool downhole
For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

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Geospan

Donwlink Commands

Briefly venting off flow

from the flowline by
opening/closing the
valve
l
Pressure drop at surface
Sequence of pulses to
send specific commands

PWD detects the pulses

downhole from the internal
pressure sensor
Pulses decoded into
commands
Various commands

GeoPilot commands
Survey
Reset M/LWD Tool
GeoTap commands
others
PWD

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

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Questions?

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Depth Tracking

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Depth tracking

LWD Time Depth

M/LWD Surface unit

M/LWD Downhole Tool

Depth

RealTime Clock
Records time-based data

Acquires depth data

Records time-depth
correlation

Pulser

Stab Pin / Pin

RIGSITE

Loggers Depth

Drillers Depth

Primary depth reference

Measured by the length of
pipe
i lowered
l
d into
i t the
th hole
h l
M/LWD depth is commonly
referenced to this depth

Wireline derived depth

measurement
Measured by the length
of wire ran into the
hole

HCIM

00:00 GR 100 API

00:00

100ft

EWR4

DGR/DDS

GR 100 API 100 ft

Stab Pin / Pin

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

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Depth tracking
Depth are measured
indirectly,
y, as opposed
pp
to
direct measurement of wire
length in wireline operation
Depth is measured by
monitoring position of the
traveling block in the derrick

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Sensor : Drawwork encoder

As the traveling block goes up and down the drawwork
drum containing the cable reel rotates
Converts rotation of drawwork drum into traveling
length of the block

Block movement
Slips
Sli status
t t

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

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Sensor : Crown Wheel

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Sensor : Air retriever

Similar working principle
with drawwork encoder
Measures the movement
of wire connected to the
traveling block

The crown wheel detects movement

of the cable on the slow sheave:
Mounted on the crown block
Seven inch wheel pressed against
sheave
Requires only one calibration
May slip on the cable

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

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Depth Calibration

In-slips Switch

Physical measurement of
the distance of the block
travel
Sensor counts the rotation
of the drum
Calibration factor

The in-slips switch detects when the

drillstring is in slips:
B

Mounted on cable deadline

Switch is closed when no tension on
cable

Block movement

Tensioned cable = Pipe is lifted by

the block

Drum rotation signal

Movement of blocks not added to bit

movement when in slips

Calibration factor
A
drawworks
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Block movement
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Pipe Tally

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Pipe stretch

Each drillpipe is of different

length
Each joint of pipe is measured
and listed based on order of use
Drillers pipe tally is used as a
reference for setting the depth
system
Accurate measurement and
tabulation of the pipe length tally
is very critical

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

Drillpipe stretch and compress,

this effect will become more
prominent as the well goes
deeper
The industry currently are not
yet accustomed to correct for
this effect
No common standard to correct
for these factor is established
yet due to the complexity of the
drilling operation

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

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Depth

Consequences

Depth Errors

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Incorrect log depth

Incorrect interpretation
Completing the well at incorrect depth
Miscalculation of formation / payzone thickness

Incorrect entry in tally sheet

Driller used pipe out of order
Depth sensor slipping
Depth calibration error
Inaccurate on/off bottom

Less common depth errors

Malfunction on the LWD RealTime clock

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

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Thank You
Questions?

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

For External Distribution. 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

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