DIELECTRIC HEATING

Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical

Engineer

Wasted energy appears as heat called dielectric loss.

The non metallic material with poor thermal conductivity can be very effectively heated by dielectric heating.
Dielectric loss is proportional to frequency and square of the supply voltage.
Frequency can be selected between 10 to 30kHz and voltage about 20kV.

Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical

Engineer

When a solid dielectric material (Insulating) is subjected to an alternating electric field , it is not supposed to carry any current. However, in practice some leakage current passes through it
and power loss is takes place. This loss is called as dielectric loss and result into heating of dielectric material.

Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical

Engineer

APPLICATION OF DIELECTRIC
HEATING
Plywood Industry
Sand Core Baking
Plastic Industry
Tobacco Industry
Bakeries
Electronic Sawing
Dehydration of food
Electro medical application
Book Binding
Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical
Engineer

Advantages of Dielectric heating

1) Heating is very quick
2) The efficiency is higher
3) Heating is uniform
4) Being free from smoke, dust, process is very clean
5) There are no flue gases, no risk of pollution
6) Heat is produced due to dielectric loss occurs in the material itself

Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical

Engineer

ARC HEATING
One of the popular method of heating.
Principle:- When voltage is applied between the
two electrodes separated by small distance in
air is increased, a stage is reached when the air
gets ionized and air act like conducting. Hence,
current flows between the electrodes in the
form of continuous spark called ARC. This self
sustained discharge of electricity between 2
electrodes through air is known as Electric
ARC.
Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical
Engineer

An ARC drawn between 2 electrodes has a temperature between 3000 C to 3500 C depending upon the electrode material.
ARC Heating Types:1) Direct ARC heating
2) Indirect ARC heating

Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical

Engineer

Direct ARC Furnance

Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical

Engineer

Direct ARC :ARC is established between the

charge and the electrode.
The heat is directly conducted to
the charge which charge absorb.
Hence, this method is called Direct
ARC heating.
This consist of Carbon or Graphite
electrode.
The power is controlled by
adjusting the ARC length by
moving the electrodes manually or
automatically.
Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical
Engineer

USE (Direct ARC)

1) Making of Alloy steels like stainless and high speed steel
2) Composition can be controlled during refining process.
Direct ARC operates at 0.8 p.f. Lagging

Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical

Engineer

INDIRECT ARC:

Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical

Engineer

INDIRECT ARC:
ARC is formed between two electrodes and heat is transmitted to the charge by radiation.
Lower temperature than direct ARC.
It Operates at 0.85 p.f. lagging
have to provide rocking motion through a motor to distribute heat uniformly.
USE:- melting non-ferrous metals.

Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical

Engineer

Due to application of sufficientlyhigh voltage

across an air gap causes the air in the gap to
get ionized and forms ARC
ARC drawn between two electrodes develop
high temperature (3000-3500C)depending
upon material
ARC may be used in following ways:
by strikingbetweencharge and electrodesprinciplebehind DirectARC Furnace
bystrikingbetweentwo electrodes
principlebehindIndirectARC Furnace
by strikingbetweenan electrode and the
twometallicpieces to bejoined
-principlebehindARCwelding
Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical
Engineer

SUBMERGED ARC
FURNACE

Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical

Engineer

ARC is formed between carbon

electrodes placed at top and earth
electrode or the conducting earth
itself.
Number of electrodes depends on type
of supply.
Power is controlled by varying supply
or varying distance between
electrodes.
Better mixing of Charge.
P.f. is 0.8 Lagging
USE:Manufacturing of ferro-chrome and
ferro-manganese
Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical
Engineer

Principle of transformers
In the transformer, supply is utilized by
Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical
secondary.
Engineer

Induction method is based on Principle of

Electromagnetic Induction
When alternating Current flows in a conductor
it produces alternating flux.
If any other conducting material is placed in
this magnetic flux emf gets induced in it
This induced emf drives eddy current in that
Mr. Vijay Balu
Raskarto
- Electrical
piece and power loss
due
eddy current
Engineer

Factors for Induction heating:1) it is proportional to relative permeability. Heating produced in magnetic material is more than non magnetic material.
2) Heating is proportional to MMF. Force can be vary by changing current or number of turns.
3) Heating effect can be increased by employing high frequency supply.

Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical

Engineer

DIRECT INDUCTION
HEATING

In this, currents are induced in the charge itself. This

is usually used in furnaces for smelting (extraction of
metal from ore), melting of metals etc.
This requires very high frequency supply.
They are classified as core and coreless type
Raskar - Electrical
induction furnaces.Mr. Vijay BaluEngineer

INDIRECT INDUCTION HEATING

(Example :- Oven)

In this, eddy currents are induced in the heating

element.
Thus heat produced by heating element is then
Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar
transferred to the charge
by- Electrical
radiation or
Engineer

In this, get heated due to eddy currents and then heat transferred to charge by radiation or convection.
Secondary winding is metal container.
Below part is situated in the oven chamber which is made up of special alloy which losses its magnetic property and regain when they cooled.

Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical

Engineer

Operation

When the primary winding is connected to the

supply , the eddy currents gets induced in the
metal container forming the walls of the oven.
Due to eddy currents, metal container gets heate
and then is transferred to the charge by radiation
ACTION OF SPECIAL ALLOY:Oven reaches its critical temperature . Magnetic circuit
looses its magnetic property. Due to this reluctance of
the magnetic circuit becomes very high and inductive
effect corrosponding decreases.
Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical
Engineer

Advantages:-

1) Simple and foolproof method of temperature control

2) No external temperature control equipments required
Limitations:-

Applications:-

or Power factor
omplicated Construction

used for general heat treatment of metallic and other charges.

Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical

Engineer

Mr. Vijay Balu Raskar - Electrical

Engineer