Oscilloscope HM 303: Oscilloscope Datasheet Operating Instructions

Table of
contents
Oscilloscope datasheet
Operating
Instructions
Symbols ............................................................
6General Information ...........................................
6Use of tilt handle ...............................................
6Safety ................................................................
6Operating conditions .........................................
7Warranty............................................................
7
Maintenance ..................................................... Oscilloscope
7Protective Switch-Off ........................................
7
Power supply .................................................... GB HM 303 -4
7Type of signal voltage........................................
8Amplitude Measurements .................................
8Time Measurements .........................................
9Connection of Test Signal .................................
10
First Time Operation ..........................................
12
Trace Rotation TR ..............................................
12
Probe compensation and use ............................
12
Operating Modes of the Y Amplifier .................
14
X-Y Operation ....................................................
15
Phase difference
measurement
in DUAL mode ............................................
15
Measurement of an amplitude modulation .......
16
Triggering and Timebase ...................................
16
Automatic Triggering .........................................
17
Normal Triggering, Slope ...................................
17
Trigger Coupling ................................................ Operating Modes:CHI/II-TRIG.I/II, DUAL,
17
Triggering of Video Signals ................................ ADD, CHOP., INV.I/II and XY-Operation .................
17 Triggering ...................................................
Line 24
Triggering Checks ..............................................
17
Alternate Triggering ........................................... 25
Timebase ...........................................................
17
External Triggering ............................................ 25
Component Tester ............................................
17
Trigger Indicator ................................................ 26
Trace Alignment ................................................
17
Function of variable HOLD OFF control............. 26
17
Y Overscanning Operation ................................ Service
18
Component Tester ............................................ Instructions
General ..............................................................
18
Test Patterns ..................................................... 27
Instrument Case Removal .................................
22 27
Operating Voltages............................................
Test 27
Maximum and Minimum Brightness
InstructionsGeneral .............................................................. ................. 27 control ..........................................
Astigmatism
23
Cathode-Ray Tube: Brightness, 27
Trigger Threshold ..............................................
Focus, Linearity, Raster Distortions......... 28
Trouble-Shooting the Instrument.......................
Astigmatism Check 23 ........................................... 28
Replacement of Components and Parts ...........
23
Symmetry and Drift of the Vertical Amplifier 28
Adjustments ......................................................
.... 23
Calibration of the Vertical Amplifier ................... 28
23
Transmission Short . ............................................... 29
Performance
of the Vertical Amplifier ................................. Instruction
Front Panel Elements, Front . .................. 30
24 View
Subject to change without notice 1

General information regarding the CE marking
HAMEG instruments fulfill the regulations of the EMC directive. The conformity test
made by is based on the actual generic- and product standards. In cases where different
HAMEG
limit
values are applicable, HAMEG applies the severer standard. For emission the limits for
residential,
commercial and light industry are applied. Regarding the immunity (susceptibility) the
limits for environment have been
industrial
used.
The measuring- and data lines of the instrument have much influence on emmission and
immunity
and therefore on meeting the acceptance limits. For different applications the lines and/or
cables
used may be different. For measurement operation the following hints and conditions
regarding
emission and immunity should be
observed:
1. Data
cables
For the connection between instruments resp. their interfaces and external devices,
(computer,
printer etc.) sufficiently screened cables must be used. Without a special instruction in the
manual
for a reduced cable length, the maximum cable length of a dataline must be less than 3
meters
long. If an interface has several connectors only one connector must have a connection to a
cable.
Basically interconnections must have a double screening. For IEEE-bus purposes the double
screened
cables HZ72S and HZ72L from HAMEG are
suitable.
2. Signal cables
Basically test leads for signal interconnection between test point and instrument
shouldasbepossible.
short as Without instruction in the manual for a shorter length, signal lines
must be3lessmeters
than
long.
Signal lines must screened (coaxial cable - RG58/U). A proper ground connection is
required. In with signal generators double screened cables (RG223/U, RG214/U) must be
combination
used.
3. Influence on measuring
instruments.
Under the presence of strong high frequency electric or magnetic fields, even with careful
setupmeasuring
the of equipment an influence of such signals is
unavoidable.
This will not cause damage or put the instrument out of operation. Small deviations of the
measuring
value (reading) exceeding the instruments specifications may result from such conditions in
individual
cases.
December
1995
HAMEG
GmbH
KONFORMITÄTSERKLÄRUN ®
G
DECLARATION OF
Instrument
CONFORMITY
DECLARATION DE s
CONFORMITE
Name und Adresse des Herstellers HAMEG GmbH
Manufacturer´s name and address Kelsterbacherstraße 15-19
Nom et adresse du fabricant D - 60528 Frankfurt
HAMEG S.a.r.l.
5, av de la République
F - 94800 Villejuif
Die HAMEG GmbH / HAMEG S.a.r.l bescheinigt die Konformität für das Produkt
The HAMEG GmbH / HAMEG S.a.r.l herewith declares conformity of the product
HAMEG GmbH / HAMEG S.a.r.l déclare la conformite du produit
Bezeichnung / Product name / Designation: Oszilloskop/Oscilloscope/Oscilloscope
Typ / Type / Type: HM303-4

mit / with / avec: -
Optionen / Options / Options: -
mit den folgenden Bestimmungen / with applicable regulations / avec les directives suivantes
EMV Richtlinie 89/336/EWG ergänzt durch 91/263/EWG, 92/31/EWG

EMC Directive 89/336/EEC amended by 91/263/EWG,
92/31/EEC
Directive EMC 89/336/CEE amendée par 91/263/EWG, 92/31/CEE
Niederspannungsrichtlinie 73/23/EWG ergänzt durch 93/68/EWG

Low-Voltage Equipment Directive 73/23/EEC amended by 93/68/EEC
Directive des equipements basse tension 73/23/CEE amendée par 93/68/CEE
Angewendete harmonisierte Normen / Harmonized standards applied / Normes harmonisées utilisées
Sicherheit / Safety / Sécurité
EN 61010-1: 1993 / IEC (CEI) 1010-1: 1990 A 1: 1992 / VDE 0411: 1994
Überspannungskategorie / Overvoltage category / Catégorie de surtension: II
Verschmutzungsgrad / Degree of pollution / Degré de pollution: 2
Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit / Electromagnetic compatibility / Compatibilité électromagnétique
EN 50082-2: 1995 / VDE 0839 T82-2

ENV 50140: 1993 / IEC (CEI) 1004-4-3: 1995 / VDE 0847 T3
ENV 50141: 1993 / IEC (CEI) 1000-4-6 / VDE 0843 / 6
EN 61000-4-2: 1995 / IEC (CEI) 1000-4-2: 1995 / VDE 0847 T4-2: Prüfschärfe / Level / Niveau = 2
EN 61000-4-4: 1995 / IEC (CEI) 1000-4-4: 1995 / VDE 0847 T4-4: Prüfschärfe / Level / Niveau = 3
EN 50081-1: 1992 / EN 55011: 1991 / CISPR11: 1991 / VDE0875 T11: 1992

Gruppe / group / groupe = 1, Klasse / Class / Classe = B
Datum /Date /Date Unterschrift / Signature /Signatur

.
14.12.1995
Dr. J. Herzog
Technical Manager
Directeur Technique
.
OSCILLOSCOPE
S
Specifications
Vertical Deflection
Operating modes: Channel I or II separate,

both Channels (alternated or chopped),
(Chopper frequency approx. 0.5MHz).
Sum or difference with Ch. I and Ch. II
(both channels invertable).
XY- via channel I and channel II
Mode:
Frequency range: 2xDC to 30MHz ( - 3dB)
Risetime: <12ns.
Overshoot =1%.
Deflection coefficients: 12 calibrated steps
from 5mV/div. to 20V/div. (1-2-5 sequence)
with variable 2.5:1 up to 50V/div.
Accuracy in calibrated position: ±3%
Y-expansion x5 (calibrated) to 1mV/div. (±5%)
in the frequency range from DC - 10MHz (–3dB)
Input 1M II 20pF.
impedance:
Input coupling: DC-AC-GD (ground).
Input voltage: max. 400V (DC + peak AC).
Triggering
Automatic: (peak to peak) <20Hz-100MHz (=0.5div.)

Normal with level control: DC-100MHz ( =0.5div.)
30MHz Standard Oscilloscope HM 303
ALT. Triggering; LED indicator for trigger action
Slope: positive or negative, Dual Channel, DC to 30MHz, 1mV/div.; Overscan
Sources: Channel I or II, CH. I alternating CH II, Indicator
line, external Time Base: 0.5s to 10ns/div.; Variable Holdoff; Alternate
Coupling: AC(10Hz to 100MHz), Triggering
Triggering: DC-100MHz; Auto Peak to Peak; Active TV-Sync-
DC (0 to 100MHz),
LF(0 to 1.5kHz) Separator
Additional Features: Component Tester, 1kHz/1MHz
Active TV-Sync-Separator (pos. and neg.) Calibrator
External: =0 p -p from 30Hz to 30MHz The new HAME HM30 oscilloscope succeeds the HM203 (over 170,000
.3V
sold worldwide).GThe bandwidth3 has been extended from 20 to 30MH , the sweep
Horizontal Deflection
rate increased to 10ns/div. and improvements added to the already legendary z
HAME auto triggering system. The HM30 is the ideal instrument for waveform
Time coefficients: 20 calibrated steps
from 0.2s/div. - 0.1µs/div. in 1-2-5 sequence
G
display in the DCto 70MH frequency range. 3
Accuracy in calibrated position: ±3%. A key feature of this zoscilloscope is the vertical amplifier's pulse fidelity, limiting
Min. speed incl. variable 2.5:1: 0.5s/div. overshoot to only 1%. The HM30 offers a special fast rise time, 1kHz/1MH
with X-Mag. x10: ±5%; 10ns/div.: ±8% Calibrator permitting high quality 3 probe compensation across the entire frequencyz
Holdoff variable to approx. 10:1 range to ensure probe-tip thru to display integrity. An Overscan Indicator assists
time:
Bandwidth X- 0-3MHz ( - 3dB). in vertical display amplitude and position adjustment.
amplifier:
Input X-Amplifier via Channel II, The HM30 is capable of triggering on input waveforms over 100MH and on
(sensitivity see Channel II specification) 3
signal levels as small as 0.5 division. Alternate triggering modez enables the
X-Yphase shift: <3° below 220kHz.
display of two asynchronous signals simultaneously. An active Video Sync-
Component Tester Separator permits detailed examination of complex TV signal inputs. A well
proven, built-in component tester is now equipped with a stabilized measuring
Test voltage: approx. 6V r ms (open circuit). voltage. The use of a switching type of power supply minimizes both weight and
Test current: approx. 5mA r ms (shorted). power consumption and universally accepts a wide range of input power line
Test frequency: approx. 50Hz voltages, without the requirement to change jumpers or switch positions. The
Test connection: 2 banana jacks 4mm Ø HM303's CRT is fully mu-metal shielded against outside magnetic fields.
One test lead is grounded (Safety Earth)
HAME is setting new price/performance breakthroughs with the introduction
General Information G
of this fine oscilloscope. This performance packed scope will tempt all users to run
it through its paces.
CRT:D14-364GY/123 or ER151-
Screen photo of 50 and 100MHz
GH/-, screen (8x10cm)
6" rectangular
Screen photo of 1 MHz square wave signal sine wave with alternate triggering
internal graticule
Acceleration voltage: approx 2000V
Trace rotation: adjustable on front panel
Calibrator: square-wave generator (t r
<4ns)
˜ 1kHz / 1MHz; Output: 0.2V ±1% and 2V
Line voltage: 100-240V AC ±10%, 50/60Hz
Power consumption: approx. 36 Watt at 50Hz.
Min./Max. ambient temperature: - 10°C...+40°
Protective system: Safety class I (IEC C 1010-1)
Weight: approx. 5.6kg, color: techno-brown
Cabinet: W 285, H125, D380
Lockable tilt handle mm
Subject to change without notice. 3/95 Accessories supplied: Line cord, Operators Manual, 2 Probes
1:1/10:1
OSCILLOSCOPE
S
HZ 56 AC/DC Current
Probe Hall Effect technology to provide a broad frequency response, the
Utilising
probe will accurately measure AC, DC and complex waveforms. The compact
clip-on design conforms to the IEC1010 safety standard and allows non-
intrusive measurement of current from 5mA to 30A peak to an accuracy of
±1%. The probe gives a voltage output directly proportional to the measured
current which is compatible with a wide range of measuring instruments.
Specifications:
Current range: 20A D C / 30A AC Frequency range: DC-
Accuracy: ± 1% ± 2mA Resolution: 100kHz
±1mA
Dielectric strength: 3.7kV, 50Hz, Load >100k
Output sensitivity: 1min.
100mV/A impedance:
Divers: BNC-cable, 2m.
HZ 72/S/L HZ36
Accessories
supplied
HZ38
HZ51
HZ 34S
HZ52
HZ20
HZ 32
HZ22
HZ 33
HZ53
HZ23
HZ54
HZ 33W
HZ24
HZ84-2 HZ58
HZ20 Adaptor BNC to 4mm binding posts H Spare Cable H

HZ22 50 BNC Feed-through termination 1GHz, 1W Z39 Spare
H for Cable Z36
HZ51,
HZ23 Attenuator 2:1, BNC male to BNC female, for oscilloscope service only. Z57 for
Spare-parts for modularHZ54
probes
HZ24 Set of 4 BNC 50 attenuators; 3/6/10/20dB; 1GHz, 1W, incl. 1x HZ22 only
Spare-part Kit
Test Cables HZ40
HZ32 Test cable BNC to single stacking banana plugs; 40 inch H
HZ33 Coaxial cable BNC/BNC, 50 , 20 inch H Z39
H
HZ33S Coaxial cable BNC/BNC, 50 , 20 inch, insulated
Z40 Z57
HZ33W Coaxial cable BNC/BNC, 50 , 20 inch, elbow
HZ34 Coaxial cable BNC/BNC, 50 , 40 inch
HZ34S Coaxial cable BNC/BNC, 50 , 40 inch, insulated
HZ72S IEEE-488-Bus-Cable, 40 inch. double shielded
HZ72L IEEE-488-Bus-Cable, 60 inch, double shielded
HZ84-2 Spare Printer Cable for HD148 (CE) and HM305 / 1007 (CE)
HZ96 Carrying Case
HZ84-3 Spare Printer Cable for combination of 25pole D-SUB / 26pole plastic male
for oscilloscopes HM203, 205, 208,
408, 604, 1005 and 1007
Wide Band Probes with RF alignment
HZ97 Carrying Case for HM303, 304,
Type Attenuation Bandwidth Risetime Input Impedance
Ratio Input Voltage 305, 604-3, 1004 and HM5005 / 6 / 10.
Max.
HZ36 1:1/10:1 10/100MHz <35/3.5ns 1/10M II57/12pF (10:1) 600V (DC+peak The carrying case provides protection
HZ51 10:1 150MHz <2.4ns 10M AC)
II12pF 600V (DC+peak AC) during transpor-
HZ52 10:1 250MHz <1.4ns 10M II10pF 600V (DC+peak AC) tation of an oscil-
HZ53 100:1 100MHz <3.5ns 100M II4.5pF 1200V (DC+peak AC) loscope. It is made
HZ54 1:1/10:1 10/150MHz <35/2.4ns 1/10M II57/12pF (10:1) 600V (DC+peak of a durable vinyl-
AC)
coated material
Special Probes
that is designed to
HZ38 Demodulator Probe 0.1 - 500MHz max. 200V
withstand the
HZ58 (DC)
High Voltage Probe, 1000:1; R i approx. 500M ; DC - 1MHz max. 15kV (DC+peak
stress and wear
AC)
and tear of field
HZ47 Viewing Hood for Oscilloscopes HM205, 408, 604-1+2, 1005 and 1007
use.
HZ48 Viewing Hood for Oscilloscopes 303, 304, 305, 604-3 and 1004
Subject to change without notice 05/96
Operating Instructions
Symbol Safety
s See user's
manual This instrument has been designed and tested in
Danger high accor-
dance IEC Publication 348, Safety Requirements
voltage
Eart with
for Electronic Measuring Apparatu s. The
h CENELEC
HD401 regulations correspond to this standard. It has
General left factory in a safe condition. This instruction
the
Information manual
contains important information and warnings which
This oscilloscope is easy to operate. The have
to be followed by the user to ensure safe operation
logical
arrangement of the controls allows anyone to and to the oscilloscope in a safe condition. The
retain
quickly familiar with the operation of the
become case,
chassis and all measuring terminals are connected
instrument,
however, experienced users are also advised to to the
protective earth contact of the appliance inlet.
read
through these instructions so that all The
instrument operates according Safety Class I (three
functions are
understood to
conductor power cord with protective earthing -
.
Immediately after unpacking, the instrument conductor
and a plug with earthing contact). The mains/line plug
should be
checked for mechanical damage and loose parts in shall
only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a
the
interior. If there is transport damage, the supplier
protective
earth contact. The protective action must not be
must be immediately. The instrument must then
informed
negated
by the use of an extension cord without a
not be
put into
protective
conductor
operation.
Use of tilt .
handle The mains/line plug should be inserted before
To view the screen from the best angle, there are connections
are made to measuring
three circuits.
different positions (C, D, E) for setting up the
instrument.
the instrumentIf is set down on the floor after being The grounded accessible metal parts (case,
carried,
the handle automatically remains in the upright sockets,
jacks) and the mains/line supply contacts (line/live,
carrying
position neu-
tral) of the instrument have been tested against
(A).order to place the instrument onto a horizontal
In insulation
breakdown with 2200V
surface, should
handle the be turned to the upper side of the DC.
oscilloscope
(C). For the D position (10° inclination), the handle Under certain conditions, 50Hz or 60Hz hum
should to
turned be the opposite direction of the carrying position voltages
can occur in the measuring circuit due to the
until locks
it in place underneath the instrument. inter-
connection with other mains/line powered
automatically
the E position (20° Forthe handle should be pulled equipment
or instruments. This can be avoided by using an
inclination),
release it from the D position toand swing backwards isolation
transformer (Safety Class II) between the
until it
locks once mains/line
outlet and the power plug of the device
more.
The handle may also be set to a position for being
investigate
horizontalby turning it to the upper side to lock in
carrying d.
the B
position. At the same time, the instrument must be Most cathode-ray tubes develop X-rays. the
lifted, otherwise the handle will jump
because However,
dose equivalent rate falls far below the maximum
back.
permissible value of 36pA/kg
(0.5mR/h).
Whenever it is likely that protection has been
impaired,
the instrument shall be made inoperative and be
secured
against any unintended operation. The protection is
likely
to be impaired if, for example, the
instrument
- shows visible
damage,
- fails to perform the intended
measurements,
- has been subjected to prolonged storage
under
unfavourable conditions (e.g. in the open or in
moist
environments
),
- has been subject to severe transport stress (e.g. in
poor
packaging)
.
6 Subject to change without notice

Operating performed without great expenditure on
conditions
The instrument has been designed for indoor use. measuring
instruments. However, purchase of the new
The
permissible ambient temperature range during HAMEG
scope tester HZ 60, which despite its low price is
operation
is +10°C (+50°F) ... +40°C (+104°F). It may occasionally highly for tasks of this type, is very much
suitable
be
subjected to temperatures between +10°C (+50°F) recommended.
The exterior of the oscilloscope should be
and - (+14°F) without degrading its safety. The
10°C cleaned with a dusting brush. Dirt which is
regularly
permissibletemperature range for storage or
ambient difficult on
remove to the casing and handle, the plastic
transportation
-40°C (-40°F)is ... +70°C (+158°F). The maximum and
aluminium parts, can be removed with a
operating
altitude is up to 2200m (non-operating 15000m). moistened
cloth (99% water +1% mild detergent). Spirit or
The
maximum relative humidity is up to 80%. If was- benzine (petroleum ether) can be used to
hing
condensed
water exists in the instrument it should be remove
greasy dirt. The screen may be cleaned with
acclimatized
before switching on. In some cases (e.g. extremely water or benzine (but not with spirit (alcohol) or
washing
cold
oscilloscope) two hours should be allowed before solvents),
it must then be wiped with a dry clean lint-free
the
instrument is put into operation. The instrument cloth. no circumstances may the cleaning fluid get
Under
shouldinbea clean and dry room and must not be
kept intoinstrument. The use of other cleaning agents
the
operated incorrosive, dusty, or moist environments.
explosive, can
attack the plastic and paint
The
oscilloscope can be operated in any position, but surfaces.
the
convection cooling must not be impaired. The Protective Switch-
ventilation
holes may not be covered. For continuous operation Off instrument is equipped with a switch mode
This
the
instrument should be used in the horizontal power
supply. It has both overvoltage and overload
position, tilted upwards, resting on the tilt
preferably protection,
which will cause the switch mode supply to limit
handle. power
consumption to a minimum. In this case a ticking
The specifications stating tolerances are only valid if noise
may be
the instrument has warmed up for 30 minutes at an heard.
ambient temperature between +15°C (+59°F) and Power
+30°C (+86°F). Values without tolerances are typical supply
The oscilloscope operates on mains/line voltages
for an average instrument. between
100VA C and AC
. No means of switching to
240V has therefore
input voltages different been provided. The
Warrant power
input fuses are externally accessible. The
y
HAMEG warrants to its Customers that the fuseholder
located is the 3-pole power connector. The
above
products it
manufactures and sells will be free from defects in power fuses are externally accessible, if the rubber
input
materials
and workmaship for period of 2 . This conector
is removed. The fuseholder can be released by
a
shall not apply to any years warranty
defect, failure or damage pressing
its plastic retainers with the aid of a small screwdriver.
caused by use or inadequate maintenance and care.
improper The
retainers are located on the right and left side of the
HAMEG
shall not obliged to provide service under this holder
and must be pressed towards the center. The fuse(s)
warranty
repair damage to resulting from attempts by personnel can
then be replaced and pressed in until locked on both
other HAMEG represantatives to install, repair,
than sides.
service
modify or these products. In order to obtain service under Use of patched fuses or short-circuiting of the
this
warranty, Customers must contact and notify the fuseholder
is not permissible; HAMEG assumes no liability
distributor
who has sold the product. Each instrument is whatsoever
for any damage caused as a result, and all warranty
asubjected
quality totest with 10 hour burn-in before claims
become null and
leaving the Practically all early failures are detected by
production. void.
this
method. In the case of shipments by post, rail or Fuse type:
carrier
is it
recommended that the original packing is Size 5x20mm; 0.8A, 250V AC
carefully
preserved. Transport damages and damage due to fuse;
must meet IEC specification 127,
gross
negligence are not covered by the guarantee. In the Sheet III (or DIN 41 662
case of
a complaint, a label should be attached to the housing or DIN 41 571, sheet 3).
of the
instrument which describes briefly the faults observed. Time characteristic: time-lag.
If at same time the name and telephone number
the
(dialing
code and telephone or direct number or Attention!
department is stated for possible queries, this helps
designation) There is a fuse located inside the instrument within
towards up the processing of guarantee the switch mode power supply:
speeding
claims. Size 5x20mm; 0.5A, 250V AC fuse;
Maintenanc must meet IEC specification 127,
e
Various important properties of the oscilloscope Sheet III (or DIN 41
should be checked at certain intervals. Only in this
carefully 662
or DIN 41 571, sheet 3).
way is Time characteristic: fast (F).
it largely certain that all signals are displayed
with the on which the technical data are based. The
accuracy This fuse must not be replaced by the operator!
test
methods described in the test plan of this manual
can be

Type of signal difference in pp . The relationship between the
voltage V different
voltage magnitudes can be seen from the following
With the HM 303, most repetitive signals in the figure.
frequency
range up at least ( - 3dB) can be
to
Sinewave 30MHz
signals of 50MHz areexamined.
displayed with a
height of
approx. 50% - 6dB). However when examining square Vp
(
pulse or
type waveforms, attention must be paid to Vrms
the
harmonic content of such signals. The Vmom
frequency (fundamentalrepetition
frequency) of the signal Vpp
must
therefore be significantly smaller than the upper
limit
frequency of the vertical
amplifier.
Displaying composite signals can be difficult,
especially
they if no repetive higher amplitude content
contain Voltage values of a sine curve
whichbe used for triggering. This is the case with
can Vr ms = effective value; V p = simple peak or crest value;
bursts, forTo obtain a well-triggered display in this
instance. Vp p = peak-to-peak value; V m om = momentary value.
case, assistance of
the variable holdoff and/or
the
time control may be required. variable
video signals The minimum signal voltage which must be applied
Television
are relatively easy to trigger using the TV- to the
Y input for a trace of 1div. 1m p p when Y
built-in
Separator (TV). Sync- height is
MAG. x5 pushbutton is depressed, V the
VOLTS/DI - .
theto 5mV/div., and the vernier is V
switch is set CA by
For optional operation as a DC or AC voltage amplifier, set to
turning fine adjustment knob of Lthe
the
vertical amplifier input is provided DC/A switch the VOLTS/DIV.
switch fully clockwise. However, smaller signals
with aDCposition should only be used withCa
Th . than this
may also be displayed. deflection coefficients on
e
connected series-
attenuator probe or at very low frequencies Theinput attenuators are indicated
the mV/div or V/div
or
if the measurement of the DC voltage content of the in
(peak-to-peak . .
signal
is absolutely value).
The magnitude of the applied voltage is ascertained
necessary. by multiplying the selected deflection coefficient by
When displaying very low frequency pulses, the flat the vertical display height in div.
tops
may be sloping ACcoupling of the vertical If an attenuator probe x10 is used, a further
with
(AClimit frequency approx. amplifier
1.6 Hz for 3dB). In this multiplication by a factor of 10 is required to ascertain
case,
DCoperation is preferred, provided the signal the correct voltage value.
voltage is
not superimposed on a too high DC level. For exact amplitude measurements, the variable control
Otherwiseofa adequate capacitance must be connected
capacitor on the attenuator switch must be set to its calibrated
to input of the vertical amplifier with DC coupling.
the detent CAL. When turning the variable control ccw, the
This
capacitor must have a sufficiently high breakdown sensitivity will be reduced by a factor of 2.5.
voltage DCcoupling is also recommended for the
rating Therefore every intermediate value is possible within
. logic anddisplay
of pulse signals, especially if the pulse the 1-2-5
duty changes constantly. Otherwise the display
factor sequence.
will
move upwards or downwards at each change. Pure With direct connection to the vertical input, up
direct
voltages can only be measured DC-coupling signals may be displayed (attenuator set
400V to ,
20V/div
pp
with . variableto control to left .
Amplitude stop).
Measurements With the
In general electrical engineering, alternating voltage designations
data
normally refers to effective values (rms = root- H = display height in ,
mean- value). However, for signal magnitudes and
square div.
U = voltage in p p at the vertical
voltage
designations in oscilloscope measurements, the signal V input,
peak-to-voltage ) value is applied. The latter
peak D = deflection coefficient in at attenuator
pp
(V
to the real potentialcorresponds
difference between the most V/div. switch,
positive
and most negative points of a signal the required value can be calculated from the two
waveform. given
quantitie
If a sinusoidal waveform, displayed on the s:
U=D·HU H=U D=
oscilloscope
screen, is to be converted into an effective (rms) D H
value,
the resulting peak-to-peak value must be divided by v2 However, these three values are not freely
2x
= 2.83. Conversely, it should be observed that selectable.
They have to be within the following limits (trigger
sinusoidal
voltages indicated in r ms (Vef f ) have 2.83 times the threshold,
accuracy of
V potential reading):
H between 0.5 and 8div., if possible 3.2 to Voltage
U 8div.,
between and , DC + AC =
pp pp p e ak
400V m ax .
D 1mV
between 1mV/div.160Vand 20V/div. in 1-2-5
sequence. peak DC
AC
Examples
:Set deflection D= 50mV/div.
coefficient
observed display H= 0.05V/div., DC
AC
height
required voltage = 0.05·4.64.6div.,
= 0.23V pp . time
U
Input U= 5V pp ,
voltage
set deflection D=
coefficient display height
required 1V/div.,
= 5:1 5div .
Total value of input
H
Signal voltage U = r ms ·2v = 2 = 651V pp The dotted line shows a voltage alternating at zero volt level. If super-
voltage
230V
(voltage > pp , with probe U = 65.1V pp ), imposed on a DC voltage, the addition of the positive peak and the DC
voltage results in the max. voltage (DC + AC ).
160V
desired display10:1: H= min. 3.2div., max. pe ak
height
max. deflection coefficient 8div.,
D = 65.1:3.2 = W Y- control (input coupling GD) it is
20.3V/div.,
min. deflection coefficient D = 65.1:8 = ith POS. to
to use a horizontal graticule line possible
reference line
8.1V/div., deflection coefficient
adjusted = as
ground potential for It can
before the measurement.
D 10V/div. below or above the lie horizontal central line
The input voltage must not exceed 400V, indepen- according positive
whether to and/or negative deviations
dent from the polarity. If an AC voltage which from the potential are to be
ground
superimposed on a DC voltage is is applied, the measured.
maximum
peak value of both voltages must not exceed + or – Time
400V.
So for AC voltages with a mean value of zero volt Measurements
As a rule, most signals to be displayed are
the
maximum peak to peak value is . periodicallyprocesses, also called periods. The
repeating
pp
800V number
periods ofper second is the repetition frequency.
If attenuator probes with higher limits are used, the
Depending
on the time base setting of TIME/DIV.switch, one
probes limits are valid only if the oscilloscope is set
the
several signal periods or only a part of a period orcan
to DC input coupling. If DC voltages are applied
be
displayed. The time coefficients are s/div. , ms/
AC input coupling conditionsunder the oscilloscope
stated
div. andin µs/div. on TIME/DIV.-switch. The scale
maximum
input voltage value remains 400V. The attenuator
accordingly divided the into three is
consists
of a resistor in the probe and the input resistor of
fields.
1M
oscilloscope, which are disabled by the theAC input The duration of a signal period or a part of it is
coupling when AC coupling is selected. This also
capacity determined by multiplying the relevant time (hori-
applies
to DC voltages with superimposed AC voltages. It zontal distance in div.) by the time coefficient set on
also be noted that due to the capacitive resistance of
must the TIME/DIV.-switch.
the
AC input coupling capacitor, the attenuation ratio The variable time control (identified with an arrow
depends
on the signal frequency. For sinewave signals knob cap) must be in its calibrated position CAL.
with
frequencies higher than 40Hz this influence is (arrow pointing horizontally to the
negligible. right).
With the
In the GD (ground coupling) setting, the signal
designations
L = displayed length in of one
path is
interrupted directly beyond the input. This causes
wave
T = time in fordiv. one period,
the
attenuator to be disabled again, but now for both DC
and F = seconds period, in of
frequency the
AC
recurrence Hz
Tc = time coefficient in signal,
on timebase switch
voltages.
the s/div. F = , the followingandequations can be
With the above listed exceptions HAMEG 10:1 probes
relation 1/T stated: T
can used for DC measurements up to 600V or AC
be T=L·T L=T T=
c T c L
voltages
(with a mean value of zero volt) of . The 1
c
pp
F=T L=1
1200V HZ53 allows for 1200V DC or
probe pp
100:1
for L·T F·T c
=1L·F
c c
2400V AC. With depressed X-MAG. (x10) pushbutton the T c
It should be noted that its pe a k value is derated at value must be divided by 10.
AC
frequencies. If a normal x10 probehigher
is used to measure
high However, these four values are not freely
voltages there is the risk that the compensation
selectable.
They have to be within the following
trimmer the attenuator series resistor will break
bridging
limits:
L between 0.2 and 10div., if possible 4 to
down
causing damage to the input of the oscilloscope.
However,
if for example only the residual ripple of a high 10div., 0.01µs and
T between
voltage
to is
be displayed on the oscilloscope, a normal x10 F 2s,
between 0.5Hz and
probe is 30MHz, 0.1µs/div. and 0.2s/div. in 1-2-5
Tc between
sufficient. In this case, an appropriate high voltage
sequence
(wit X-MAG. in out position),
capacitor22-68nF) must be connected in series with
(approx.
h (x10)
Tc between 10ns/div. and and 20ms/div. in 1-2-5
the
input tip of the
sequence
(with X-MAG. pushbutton)
probe.
pushed (x10) .
Examples
:Displayed L=
wavelength
set time Tc = 7div.,
coefficient
required T= 0.1µs/div., -6 = 0.7µs
period rec. freq. 7x0.1x10
required = - 6 ) = 1.428MHz.
F 1:(0.7x10
Signal T= 1s,
period
set time Tc =
coefficient wavelength 0.2s/div.,
required = 1:0.2 = 5div. .
L
Displayed ripple L=
wavelength
set time Tc = 1div., With a time coefficient of 0.2µs/div. and pushed X-
coefficient
required ripple freq. 10ms/div., = - 3 ) = 100H . MAG
x10 button the example shown in the above figure
F 1:(1x10x10 z results
in a measured total risetime
TV-line F= of
frequency 15625Hz, tt o t = 1.6div·0.2µs/div.:10 32ns
set time Tc =
=
coefficient wavelength 10µs/div.,
required = 1:(15 - 5 ) = 6.4div. . When very fast risetimes are being measured, the
L 625x10 risetimes
of the oscilloscope amplifier and of the attenuator
Sine L= min. 4div., max. probe
has to be deducted from the measured time value.
wavelength
Frequenc F= 10div., The
risetime of the signal can be calculated using the
y
max. 1kHz,
time Tc = 3 ) = following
formul
coefficient
min. time Tc =1:(4x10 30.25ms/div.,
) = a. t=
r
vt 2 - t 2 - t2
t ot os c p
coefficient
set time coefficient T c = 1:(10x10 0.1ms/div.,
0.2ms/div., In this t ot is the total measured is the
required L= 3 x0.2x1 - 3 ) = 5div. os c
t the oscilloscope
of risetime, tamplifier (approx. 12ns), and risetime
tp
wavelength 1:(10 0
the
risetime of the probe (e.g. = 2ns). is greater
Displayed L= t ot
If t
100ns, then t ot can be taken as the risetime of the than
wavelength time
set Tc = 0.8div.,
t
and pulse,
calculation is
coefficient X-MAG.
pressed 0.5µs/div.,
(x10) Tc =
unnecessary. of the example in the figure above
Calculation
button: rec. freq. =
required 0.05µs/div.,
- 6 ) = 25MHz ,
results
signal in a
F
required period = 1:(0.8x0.05x10
- 6 ) = 40ns .
risetime tr = v 32 2 - 12 2 - 2 2 = 29.6ns
T 1:(25x10
The measurement of the rise or fall time is not
If the time is relatively short as compared with
limited
the tracetodimensions shown in the above diagram.
the
complete signal period, an expanded time scale
It is
only particularly simple in this way. In
should be applied X-MAG.
always button pressed). In
principleto
possible it is
measure in any display position and at
(
case, the ascertained (x10)
time values havethis to be divided
any amplitude. It is only important that the full
signal
by
1 . The time interval of interest can be shifted to
height of edge of interest is visible in its full length
the signal
0 the center using
screen X- .
at
toonotgreat steepness and that the horizontal
the POS control.
distance
10% andat90% of the amplitude is measured. If the
When investigating pulse or square waveforms, the
edge
shows rounding or overshooting, the 100% should
critical
feature is risetime of the voltage step . To
not be to the peak values but to the mean pulse
related
the transients, ramp-offs, and bandwidth limits doensure
that
heights.or peaks (glitches) next to the edge are also
Breaks
not
unduly influence the measuring accuracy, the
not
taken into account. With very severe transient
risetime
generally is measured 10 and 90 of the
distortions,
the rise and fall time measurement has little
between %
pulse height. For measurement adjust the Y % vertical
meaning. For
amplifiers with approximately constant group
attenuator
switch with its variable control together with Y-
delay
(therefore good pulse transmission performance)
the
control so that the pulse height is precisely aligned POS.
the
following numerical relationship between rise t (in
with0 and 100% lines of the internal graticule. The
the
time
n ) and B( in ) r
10% 90% points of the signal will now coincide
and
s bandwidth MHz applies:
with the
10% and 90% graticule The risetime is given by t = 350350 B=
lines.
the product of the horizontal distance in div. between r B t
r
these two coincidence points and the time coefficient
setting . If X x10 magnification is used, this product Connection of Test
be dividedmust by 10. fall time of a pulse can also Signal
The
measured by using this be Caution: When connecting unknown signals to the
method. oscillo-
scope input, always use automatic triggering and set
The following figure shows correct positioning the
DC- input coupling switch AC. The attenuator
of the
oscilloscope trace for accurate risetime AC
should to
initially be set 20V/di . switch
measurement. to v
Sometimes the trace will disappear after an input utilized (e.g. for pulses with steep edges) we
signal
has been applied. The attenuator switch must then strongly
advise using modular probes HZ (x10 HZ (x10
be
turned back to the left, until the vertical signal the
HF) HZ (x1 51 and x10. This can )save 52 the
height3-8div.
only is With a signal amplitude greater than , andan oscilloscope
of 54 purchase
with larger bandwidth and has
pp
160V
an attenuator probe must be inserted before the the
advantage that defective components can be
vertical
input. If, after applying the signal, the trace is ordered
from HAMEG and replaced by oneself. The
nearly
blanked, the period of the signal is probably probes
mentioned have a HF-calibration in addition to
substantially
longer than the set value on TIME/DIV.switch. low
frequency calibration adjustment. Thus a group
the
should be turned to the left to an adequately largerIt delay
correction to the upper limit frequency of the
time
coefficien oscilloscope
is possible with the aid of an 1MHz calibrator, e.g.
t. HZ60.
The signal to be displayed can be connected In fact the bandwidth and rise time of the oscilloscope
directly to of the oscilloscope with a shielded
the Y-input are
not noticably changed with these probe types and
test such as HZ 32 or HZ 34, or reduced through a
cable the
waveform reproduction fidelity can even be
x10x100 attenuator probe. The use of test cables
or improved the probe can be matched to the
because
with
high impedance circuits is only oscilloscopes
individual pulse
recommended
relatively low for frequencies (up to approx. 50 kHz). response.
For
higher frequencies, the signal source must be of If a x10 or x100 attenuator probe is used, DC input
low
impedance, i.e. matched to the characteristic coupling must always be used at voltages above
resistance
of the cable (as a rule 50 Ohm). Especially 400V . With AC coupling of low frequency signals,
when
transmitting square and pulse signals, a resistor the
attenuation is no longer independent of
equal
to the characteristic impedance of the cable must frequency,
pulses can show pulse tilts. Direct voltages
also
be connected across the cable directly at the Y-input are
suppressed but load the oscilloscope input
of oscilloscope. When using a
the cable such as coupling concerned. Its voltage rating is max.
capacitor
50 34, a 50 through termination typetheHZ22 is
HZ 400 V+ peak AC). DCinput coupling is therefore of
(DC
from HAMEG.available When transmitting square signals special importance with quite
a x100 attenuation probe
with rise times, transient phenomena on the
short which has a voltage rating of max. 1200 V (DC +
usually
edgestop of the signal may become visible if the
and peak A capacitor of corresponding capacitance
AC).
correct
termination is not used. A terminating voltage rating may beand connected series with the
resistance is
sometimes recommended with sine signals as in
attenuator probe input for blocking DC voltage (e.g.
well.
Certain amplifiers, generators or their hum for voltage
attenuators the nominal output voltage
maintain measurement).
independent
frequency only of if their connection cable is With all attenuator probes, maximum AC input voltage
terminated
with the prescribed resistance. Here it must be the
must derated with frequency usually above
notedthe terminating resistor HZ22 will only
that be
Therefore 20kHz.
the derating curve of the attenuator probe
dissipate
maximuma of 2 Watts. This power is reached with type
concerned must be taken into
10
Vrms or at 28.3 p p with sine account.
V signal. The selection of the ground point on the test
If a x10 or x100 attenuator probe is used, no object is when displaying small signal voltages. It
important
termination
is necessary. In this case, the connecting cable is should
always be as close as possible to the measuring
matched to the high impedance input of the
directly point.
this is Ifnot done, serious signal distortion may result
oscilloscope.
When using attenuators probes, even high from
spurious currents through the ground leads or
internal
impedance sources are only slightly loaded (approx. chassis
parts. The ground leads on attenuator probes are
10
M II 16 pF or 100 M II 9 pF with HZ 53). Therefore, also
particularly critical. They should be as short and
the voltage loss due to the if attenuation of the probe thick as When the attenuator probe is connected
possible.
can be
compensated by a higher amplitude setting, the to a
BNC-socket, a BNC-adapter, which is often supplied
probe always be used. The series impedance of
should as
probe accessory, should be used. In this way ground
the provides a certain amount of protection for the
probe and
matching problems are
input
of the vertical amplifier. Because of their eliminated.
separate
manufacture, all attenuator probes are only Hum or interference appearing in the measuring
partially
compensated, therefore accurate compensation must circuit
(especially when a small deflection coefficient is
be
performed on the oscilloscope (see “Probe used) is caused by multiple grounding because
possibly
compensation
page equalizing
currents can flow in the shielding of the test
M7). cables
(voltage drop between the protective
Standard attenuator probes on the oscilloscope conductor
connections, caused by external equipment
normally
reduce its bandwidth and increase the rise time. connected to
the mains/line, e.g. signal generators with
In all where the oscilloscope bandwidth must be
cases interference
protection
fully capacitors).
First Time However, in this higher frequency range the
Operation vertical
display height on the screen is limited to approx. 4-
Before applying power to the oscilloscope it is 5div.
The time resolution poses no problem. For example,
mended that the following simple recom-procedures with
50MHz and the fastest adjustable sweep rate
are
performed (10ns/div.),
one cycle will be displayed every 2div. The
: tolerance
indicated onvalues amounts to ±3% in both
• Check that all pushbuttons are in out position, deflection All values to be measured can
directions.
the released i.e. therefore be
determined relatively
. accurately.
• Rotate the variable controls with arrows, TIME/DIV.
However, from approximately 10MHz upwards
i.e. variable CH.Iand CH.IIattenuator
the
measuring error will increase as a result of loss of
control,
controls, HOLD control variable
to their gain. At
18MHz this reduction is about 10%. Thus,
and
detent OFF calibrated
approximately
11% should be added to the measured voltage at
.
• Set all controls with marker lines to their this
frequency. As the bandwidth of the amplifiers may
midrange
position (marker lines pointing differ
slightly (normally between 30 and 35MHz), the
vertically). measured
values in the upper frequency range cannot be
• TRIG.selector lever switch in the X-field defined Additionally, as already mentioned, for
exactly.
Theset to should
the beposition frequencies
above 30MHz the dynamic range of the display
uppermost.
• GDinput coupling pushbutton switches CH.I height
steadily decreases. The vertical amplifier is
Both for
and CH.IIin the Y-field should be set to GDposition designed so
that the transmission performance is not affected
the . by its
own
Switch on the oscilloscope by depressing the POWE overshoot.
red
pushbutton. An LED will illuminate to indicate R
working
order. The trace, displaying one baseline, should be
visiblea short warm-up period of approx. 10
after Trace Rotation TR
seconds.
Adjus Y- and X- controls to center the
tAdjus POS.IINTENS. (intensity) baseline. FOCU controls
POS. In spite of Mumetal-shielding of the CRT, effects of
tmedium brightnessand S
and optimum sharpness of for
the the earths magnetic field on the horizontal trace
trace.oscilloscope is now ready for
The position cannot be completely avoided. This is
use. dependent upon the orientation of the oscilloscope
If only a spot appears CAUTION! CRT phosphor can on the place of work. A centred trace may not align
(
damaged), be
reduce the intensity immediately and exactly with the horizontal center line of the graticule.
check X pushbutton is in the released (out)
that A few degrees of misalignment can be corrected by a
the trace Y position.
is not If check the correct positions
visible, potentiometer accessible through an opening on the
of all
knobs and switches AT/NORM. button in front panel marked TR.
(particularly
position) out
.
To obtain the maximum life from the cathode-ray
tube, the intensity setting necessary for the
minimum Probe compensation and
measurement
in hand and the ambient light conditions should be use
used. To display an undistorted waveform on an
Particular care is required when a single spot is oscilloscope,
the probe must be matched to the individual
displayed, as a very high intensity setting may input
impedance of the vertical
damage to cause the fluorescent screen of the CRT. amplifier.
Switching
the oscilloscope off and on at short intervals stresses For this purpose a square wave signal with a very fast
the
cathode of the CRT and should therefore be rise
time and minimum overshoot should be used, as
avoided. the
sinusoidal contents cover a wide frequency range.
The instrument is so designed that even incorrect The
frequency accuracy and the pulse duty factor are
operation
will not cause serious damage. The pushbuttons not of
such
control
only minor functions, and it is recommended that importance.
before
commencement of operation all pushbuttons are in The built-in calibration generator provides a square
the
“out” position. After this the pushbuttons can be wave with a very fast risetime (<4ns), and
signal
operated
depending upon the mode of operation switch-
selectable frequencies of approx. 1kHz and 1MHz
required. from
two output sockets below the CRT
The HM303 accepts all signals from DC (direct screen.
voltage)
to up
a frequency of at least - 3dB). For This signal should not be used for frequency cali-
30MHz ( the upper frequency limit will
voltages sinewave
be - 6dB). bration
50MHz ( !
One output 0.2Vp p ±1% (t r <4ns) for 10:1 Only this compensative adjustment ensures
provides
and the probes,
2Vpp ±1% for 100:1 probes. When optimum
utilisation of the full bandwidth, together with
other
attenuato switches are the set 5mV/di vertical constant
group delay at the high frequency end, thereby
r
coefficient, to v
these calibration voltages deflection
correspond reducing
characteristic transient distortion near the leading
to a
screen amplitude 4div . edge overshoot, rounding, ringing, holes or bumps)
(e.g.
of to an
absolute
The output sockets have an internal diameter of minimum.
Using the probes HZ51, 52 and 54, the full
4.9mm to
accommodate the internationally accepted shielding bandwidth
the HM303 of can be utilized without risk of
tube
diameter of modern Modular Probes and F-series unwanted
waveform
slimline
probes. Only this type of construction ensures the distortion.
Prerequisite for this HF compensation is a square
extremly
short ground connections which are essential wave
generator with fast risetime (typically 4 ns), and
for an
undistorted waveform reproduction of non-sinusoidal low
output impedance (approx. ), providing 0.2V and 2V
high
frequency 50
a frequency of approx. 1MHz. The atcalibrator output of
signals. the
HM303 meets these requirements when C
Adjustment at the
pushbutton is AL.
1kHz
The C-trimmer adjustment compensates the depressed.
Connect the probe to CH.I input. Depress C
capacitive
loading on the oscilloscope input (approx. 20 pF for the
pushbutton for 1MHz. All other pushbuttons AL.
the 303). By this adjustment, the capacitive
HM should be (out position). Set the CH.I input
released DC,
division the same ratio as the ohmic voltage
assumes coupling to switch
attenuator 5mV/di , and TIME/DIV. switch
divider
ensure to the same division ratio for high and low to
0.2µs/div. Set all variable v controlsto CA .
frequencies,
as for DC. (For 1:1 probes or switchable probes set to to
Insert the probe L position. 0.2V .
tip into the output socket
1:1, adjustment is neither required nor possible). A
this marked
A waveform will be displayed on the CRT screen,
baseline
exactly parallel to the horizontal graticule lines is a with
leading and trailing edges clearly visible. For the
major
condition for accurate probe adjustments. (See also HF-
adjustment now to be performed, it will be
“Trace TR”)
rotatio necessarythe
observe to rising edge as well as the upper left
n . corner of
the pulse top. The connecting boxes of the HZ51
Connect the probes (Types HZ51, 52, 53, 54, or HZ36) and contain one R-trimmer screw each, while that of
HZ54
to CH.Iinput. All pushbuttons should be released (in
th the
HZ52 provides three. These R-trimmers have to be
e
out the
position). Set input coupling to DC, the adjusted
such that the beginning of the pulse is as
attenuator
5 to
, and TIME/DIV.switch 0.2 , and straight
possible.as Overshoot or excessive rounding are
mV/div. controls
variable C to
position. Plugms/div. all
the the probe unaccept-
able. This is relatively easy on the HZ51 and HZ54,
to the appropriate calibrator
into AL. tip output socket, i.e. but
slightly more difficult on the HZ52. The rising edge
10:1
probes into 0.2V socket, 100:1 probes into 2V should
be as steep as possible, with a pulse top
the
socket. the remaining and
straight as horizontal as
possible.
On the HZ52, each of the three trimmers has a
clearly
defined area of influence on the waveform shape
1 kHz (see offering the added advantage of being
Fig.),
able to
straighten out waveform abberations near the
leading
edge.
incorrect correct HZ51, HZ54
incorrect
Approximately 2 complete waveform periods are
displayed
on the CRT screen. Now the compensation trimmer (LF)
has to
be adjusted. Normally, this trimmer is located in the
probe
head. On the 100:1 probe HZ53, however, it is located in
the
connecting box at the other end of the cable. Adjust
the
trimmer with the insulating screw driver provided
until of
tops thethe square wave signal are exactly parallel to
the
horizontal graticule lines (see 1 kHz diagram). The
signal
height should then be 4 div. ± 0.12div. (= 3 %). During
this
adjustment, the signal edges will remain
invisible.
Adjustment at
1MHz
Probes HZ51, 52 and 54 can also be HF-
compensated.
They incorporate resonance de-emphasing networks (LF)
(R-
trimmer in conjunction with inductances and
capacitors)
which permit probe compensation in the range of T : alters the middle frequencies
3
T4 : alters the leading edge
the
upper frequency limit of the vertical oscilloscope T : alters the lower frequencies
amplifier. 5

After completion of the HF-adjustment, the signal Operating modes of the vertical
amplitude
displayed on the CRT screen should have the same amplifiers
value
as during the 1kHz The vertical amplifier is set to the desired operating
adjustment. mode
by using the 3 pushbuttons (CH I/II, DUAL and ADD) in
the
Y field of the front panel. M mode all 3
For ono buttons
must be in their released positions; only channel I can
then
be operated. The button CH I/II-TRIG.I/II must be
depressed
in mono mode for Channel II. The internal
triggering is switched over to Channel II with
simultaneously
this
button
.
incorrect incorrect If DUALbutton is depressed, both channels
correct the are
working. Two signals can be displayed together in
this
button position (alternate mode) if the time-base
setting
and the repetition frequency of the signal are suited.
This
mode is not suitable for displaying very slow-
running
processes. The display then flickers too much or it
appears
to jump. If ADD button is in addition to
Adjustment the
DUAL, both channels depressed
are switched over constantly
1MHz at a
high frequency within a sweep C mode).
period (
frequency HOP Low
below 1kHz, or with periods longer
Probes other than those mentioned above, signals
than 1ms are then also displayed without flicker.
normally
have a larger tip diameter and may not fit into mode is not CHOPrecommended for signals with higher
the
calibrator outputs. Whilst it is not difficult repetition
frequencie
for an
experienced operator to build a suitable s.
adapter, it
should be pointed out that most of these probes If only ADD button is depressed, the signals of
ahave
slower risetime with the effect that the total the
channels both
are algebraically added (±I ±II). Whether
bandwidth
of scope together with probe may fall far below the
resulting display shows su or differenc is
that ofHM303. Furthermore, the HF-adjustment
the the the phase relationship or mthe polarity
on e of thedependentan
feature is
nearly always missing so that waveform distortion signals
on the positions of INVERTbuttons d
can
not be entirely the .
excluded. In-phase input
The adjustment sequence must be followed in the voltages:
order
described, i.e. first at 1kHz, then at 1MHz. The B INVERT an INVERT button
calibrator
frequencies should not be used for timebase oth CH.Ior depressed
released d CH.II
= s
calibration.
The pulse duty cycle deviates from 1:1 sum.
Only one INVERT button depressed =
ratio. difference.
Prerequisites for precise and easy probe adjustments, Antiphase input
as as checks of deflection coefficients, are
well voltages:
straight
horizontal pulse tops, calibrated pulse amplitude, B INVERTbuttons released or
and
zero-potential at the pulse base. Frequency and duty oth
= depressed
cyclerelatively uncritical. For interpretation of
are difference. o INVERT
INVERT button depressed =
transient
response, fast pulse risetimes and low- CH.I r CH.II sum.
impedance
generator outputs are of particular In ADDmode the vertical display position is
importance. the
upon dependent
Y- setting both channels. The
Providing these essential features, as well as the POS. of same
attenuator switch position is normally used for
switch-
selectable output-frequencies, the calibrator of the both
channels with algebraic
HM303under certain conditions, replace
can, addition.
expensive
squarewave generators when testing or Please note that the Y-POS. settings are added too but
compensating
wideband-attenuators or -amplifiers. In such a case, are
not affected by the INVERT
the of an appropriate circuit will be connected to
input pushbuttons.
one of
the CAL.-outputs via a suitable Differential measurement techniques allow
probe. measurement of the voltage drop across direct
The voltage provided at a high-impedance input II15- floating
components (both ends above ground). Two
(1M will correspond to the division ratio of the
50pF) identicalshould be used for both vertical inputs. In
probes
probe
used (10:1 = , 100:1 = also from order
avoid toground loops, use a separate ground connection
pp pp
20mV Suitable probes 20mV
output). are HZ51, 52, 53, and 2V and not use the probe ground leads or cable
do
54. shields.
X-Y The following must be noted here:
Operation
For X-Y operation , the pushbutton in the X field - Because of the periodic nature of the
X must be depressed. marked
The X signal is then derived trigonometric
functions, the calculation should be limited to
Y from
th INPUT CH II (X) . The calibration of the X signal angles However here is the advantage of the
=90°.
eduring X-Y operation is determined by the setting of method.
the Channel II input attenuator and variable control. - Do not use a too high test frequency. The phase
shift
of the two oscilloscope amplifiers of the HM 303 in
This means that the sensitivity ranges and the mode can exceed an angle of 3° above 120
X-Y
input
impedances are identical for both the X and Y kHz.
axes.
However, Y- control is disconnected in - It cannot be seen as a matter of course from the
the
mode. Its function is takenthis
POS.II over by X- control. screen if the test voltage leads or lags the
display
the
is important to note that X-MAG.POS. It facilit reference
voltage. A CR network before the test voltage
the
normally (x10) should y,
used for expanding the sweep, input
the of
oscilloscope can help here. The 1 input
not be in the X-Y mode. It should also be noted that
operated M
tance can equally serve as R here, so that resis-
the
bandwidth of the X =3MHz - 3dB), and only a capacitor C needs to be connected in
suitable
amplifier
an increaseis in phase difference( betweentherefore
both series. If
the aperture width of the ellipse is increased
axes is
noticeable from 50kHz (compared
with C short-circuited), then the test voltage leads
upwards. the
reference voltage and vice versa. This applies
The inversion of the X-input signal INVERT only in up to 90° phase shift. Therefore C should
the region
using the is
button not CH.II be
sufficiently large and produce only a relatively
possible. small just
observable phase
Lissajous figures can be displayed in the X-Y mode shift.
for
certain measuring Should both input voltages be missing or fail in the
tasks: X-Y mode, a very bright light dot is displayed on the
- Comparing two signals of different frequency or screen. This dot can burn into the phosphor at a too
bringing
one frequency up to the frequency of the other high brightness setting (INTENS. knob) which causes
signal.also applies for whole number multiples or
This either a lasting loss of brightness, or in the extreme
fractions
of the one signal case, complete destruction of the phosphor at this
frequency. point.
- Phase comparison between two signals of the
same
frequency
. Phase difference
Phase comparison with Lissajous figures in DUAL
measurement
The following diagrams show two sine signals mode
of the frequency and amplitude with different phase
same A larger phase difference between two input
angles. signals
the sameof frequency and shape can be measured
very
simply on the screen in Dual DUAL butto
mode (
depressed). The time base should be triggered by n
the
reference signal (phase position 0). The other signal
can
then have a leading or lagging phase angle.
Alternate
mode should be selected for =1 kHz;
frequencies
Chop mode is more suitable for frequencies <1 kHz the
Calculation of the phase angle or the phase shift (less
flickering
between
the X and Y input voltages (after measuring the ). greatest accuracy adjust not much more than
For
distances
aand bon the screen) is quite simple with the one
period and approximately the same height of both
formula,following
and a pocket calculator with signals
on the screen. The variable controls for amplitude
trigonometric
functions. Apart from the reading accuracy, the and base and
time LEVE knob can also be used for
signal has no influence on the
height the
adjustment L
without influencethis
on the result. Both
result. base
lines are set onto the horizontal graticule center line
sin = a
b with
th Y- . knobs before the measurement.
e POS signals,
sinusoidal With observe the zero (crossover
cos =1
v - (ab )
2
point)
transitions; the sine peaks are less accurate. If a
sine
signal is noticeably distorted by even harmonics, or if a
d.c.
voltage is ACcoupling is recommended both
present, If it is a question
channels. for of pulses of the same
= arc sin a
b shape,
read off at steep
edges.
Phase difference measurement in DUAL button depressed) using a LEVE setting
mode
t = horizontal spacing of the zero transitions in suitable
possibly also using the time variable L and
div.
T = horizontal spacing for one period in adjustment.
div. Oscilloscope setting for a signal according to
figure 2:
Depress no Y CH. I; 20mV/div.; .
buttons.
TIME/DIV. 0.2ms/div : AC
:
Triggerin .
NORMAL; LEVE -setting; internal
g:
external) with L (or
triggering.
m•U
T
UT
ab
In the example t= 3div. T= 10div.

illustrated,
phase difference in degrees is and
calculated The
from
° = t · 360° = 3 · 360° = 108° Figure 2
T 10
°
Amplitude modulated oscillation: F= 1 MHz; f= 1 kHz;
°
° m = 50 %; UT = 28.3 .
°pp t · 2 p= 3 mV
r ms
ar = · p= 1,885 rad
10 2
°pp c T
If the two aand b are read from the screen,
° Relatively small phase angles at not too high values
modulation the
factor is calculated
frequencies
can be measured more accurately in the X-Y mode from a --
-b a -b
m= or = · 100 [%]
with
Lissajous a+b m a+b
figures. wher a = U T (1+m and b = U T ( - m .
Measurement of an amplitude e ) 1 )
modulation The variable controls for amplitude and time can
The momentary amplitude u at time t of a HF- be set
arbitrarily in the modulation factor measurement.
carrier which is amplitude modulated without
voltage, Their
position does not influence the
distortion
by a sinusoidal AF voltage, is in accordance with result.
the
equatio Triggering and time
n base
- u = UT · sin t + 0,5m · U T · cos( )t - 0,5m · U T
· cos( + )t Time related amplitude changes on a measuring
- signalvoltage) are displayable in Yt-mode. In this mode
(AC
-
where UT = unmodulated carrier amplitude the
signal voltage deflects the beam in vertical direction
-
- = 2pp F = angular carrier frequency while
the timebase generator moves the beam from the
= 2pp f = modulation angular frequency left to
the right of the screen (time
m = modulation factor (i.a. =1 100%). deflection).
Normally there are periodically repeating waveforms
The lower side F- fand the upper side to be
displayed. Therefore the time base must repeat the
frequency frequency
F+ arise because of the modulation apart from the time
deflection periodically too. To produce a stationary
f carrier F.
frequenc U display,
the time base must only be triggered if the signal
T
y height
and slope condition coincide with the former time
base
start conditions. A DC voltage signal can not be
0 .5 m• U T 0. 5m • U T
triggered
as it is a constant signal with no
slope.
Figure 1 F–fF+f Triggering can be performed by the measuring signal
Amplitude and frequency spectrum for AM display ( m= 50%) itself
(internal triggering) or by an external
supplied but
synchronous voltage (external
The display of the amplitude-modulated HF oscillation triggering).
can
be evaluated with the oscilloscope provided the The trigger voltage should have a certain
frequencyis inside the oscilloscope bandwidth. The
spectrum minimum This value is called the trigger
amplitude.
time is set so that several wave of the
base threshold. Itwith
measured is a sine signal. When the trigger
modulationare visible. Strictly speaking, triggering
frequency voltageinternally
taken is from the test signal, the trigger
should
be external with modulation frequency (from the threshold
can be stated as vertical display height in div.,
AF
generator or a demodulator). However, internal throughthe time base generator starts, the display is
which
triggering
is frequently possible with normal AT/NORM. stable,
and the trigger LED
triggering ( lights.

The internal trigger threshold of the HM303 is triggering mode, the same applies to approx. 0.3V
given
=.5div.as When the trigger voltage is externally external
trigger voltage
supplied,
can it
be measured in p p at TRIG. INP.socket. amplitude.
V trigger threshold may
the the be exceeded Normally,
up to a Other measures for triggering of very complex
maximumof
factor signals
the use are
of the time base variable control HOLDOF
20. and
time control, hereinafter F
The HM303 has two trigger modes, which are
mentioned.
characterized
in the
Slope
following.
The time base generator can be started by a rising or
Automatic
fallingof the test signal. This is valid with automatic
edge
Triggering
If AT/NORM. pushbutton in the X field is in the
and
with normal triggering. The selected slope is set
the
positio AT, the sweepout generator is running without
with the
SLOPE pushbutton. The plus sign (button
n
signal test trigger voltage. A base line is
or external
(+/–) an edge,
means released)
which is coming from a negative
always
displayed even without a signal applied. This trigger
potential
and rising to a positive potential. That has nothing
mode therefore
is Automatic Triggering . Operation
to do zero or ground potential and absolute voltage
with
called
the scope needs, having a constantly visible trace, of
values.
The positive slope may also lie in a negative part
only a amplitude and time base
correct LEVE
of a
signal A falling edge (minus sign) triggers, SLOP
setting. A is neither necessary nor possible with
adjustment L
.(+/–) pushbutton
when the is E
auto- triggering. This
matic ATmode is
depressed.
simple
for all uncomplicated measuring tasks recommended
such as DC However the trigger point may be varied within
voltage
measuring. However, automatic triggering is certainon the chosen edge using
limits LEVE control.
also the
appropriate operation mode for the "entry" into the direction is always related to the Linput signal
slope The
difficult
measuring problems, e.g. when the test signal is and
non the inverted
unknownto amplitude, frequency or shape. Presetting
relating .display.
of all
parameters is now possible with automatic Trigger
triggering;
change to thenormal triggering can follow coupling
The coupling mode and accordingly the frequency
thereafter. range
of the trigger signal can be changed using TRIG.
The automatic triggering works 2 .. The
the
selector
above to the break down of the automatic
over 0Hz change-
switch.
triggering
frequenciesatbelow 20Hz is abrupt. However, it can not AC: Trigger <20Hz
< to .
be
recognized by TRIG.LED; this is still blinking. rangeis the most frequently
This 100MHz used trigger mode.
the of triggering is best Break
down recognizable at the left The
trigger threshold is increasing below 20Hz and
screen(the start of the trace in differing display
edge above
100MHz
height). .
If the pulse duty factor of a square-wave signal
changes DC: Trigger DC to .
so much that one part of the square-wave reduces
rangetriggering is100MHz
DC recommended, if the signal is
to a pulse, switching over to normal triggering
needle
to be
triggered with quite slow processes or if pulse
and the LEVEL control can be necessary. With
using
signalsconstantly changing pulse duty factors
with
automatic the trigger point lies approx. in the zero
triggering,
have to
be
voltage The time interval, required for the time
crossing.
displayed.
With DC- or LF-trigger coupling, always work
base can be too short at a steep zero crossing of
start,
the with normal triggering and LEVE adjustment.
needle pulse. Then normal triggering should be
L
used.
Automatic triggering is practicable not only with LF Trigger DC to 1.5kHz (low-pass
internal
but also with external trigger : rangeLF position is often more
The filter).
suited for low-
voltage. frequency
signals than the DC position, because the (white)
Normal noise
in the trigger voltage is strongly suppressed. So
Triggering
With normal AT/NORM. button jitter or
double-triggering of complex signals is avoidable
triggering
and LEVE( adjustment, the sweep can be depressed)
started by or at reduced, in particular with very low input
least
L AC
signals within the frequency range selected by TRIG. voltages.
The trigger threshold increases above
the
coupling In the absence of an adequate trigger 1.5kHz.
switch.or when the trigger controls (particularly the
signal TV The built- active TV-Sync-Separator enables
LEVE control) are misadjusted, no trace is visible, : in
separation the
of sync pulses from the video signal.
L the screen blanked completely.
i.e. Even
distorted video signals are triggered and
adisplayed stable
in
When using the internal normal triggering
manner.
mode, it is
possible to trigger at any amplitude point of a signal Video signals are triggered in the automatic mode.
edge, with very complex signal shapes, by
even The
internal triggering is virtually independent of the
adjusting
LEVE the
control. Its adjusting range is directly display but the sync pulse must exceed 0.5div. height.
height,
L the display
on dependentheight, which should be at 0.5div. I For sync pulse separation
TV TRIG.switch must be set
least
it is smaller than 1div., LEVE adjustment needs to f the
TV. TIME/DIV.-switch to
selects field ( .2s/
the L
operated with a sensitive touch. Inbethe external div.The between
- .) and line ( .1ms/div. - ).
normal .2ms/div .1µs/div.

The slope of the leading edge of the synchronization ve portion of the line sinewave. LEVE control is used
pulse
is critical for SLOP pushbutton setting. If the The
trigger point adjustment in case Lof normal
for AT
the
sync pulses E abov displayed
the picture (field) contents, triggeringdepressed).
NORM. ( /
are SLOPE pushbutton
the e (±)then
must be +position (out).
in case of sync
the In
below the field/line, the Magnetic leakage (e.g. from a power transformer) can
pulsesis negative and the SLOPE
edge leading
pushbutton must be
investigated for direction and amplitude using a
therefore
be depressed (to –”). Since INVERTfunction search or
pick-up coil. The coil should be wound on a small
“
cause the it must not be activated
a misleading display, may former
with a maximum of turns of a thin lacquered wire
until
after correct triggering is and
connected to a BNC connector (for scope input)
achieved. via a
shielded cable. Between cable and BNC center
On the 2ms/div setting field TV triggering is aconductor
resistor of at least should be series-connected
1selected
field isand visible if a 50 fields/s signal is applied. If 100
decoupling). Often it is (RF advisable to shield
the hold
off control is in fully ccw position, it triggers staticallyofthe
surface the coil. However, no shorted turns
without
interlacing lineaffects caused by the consecutive field. are
permissible. Maximum, minimum, and direction
More in the video signal become visible
details X-MAG. to the
magnetic source are detectable at the measuring
if the
(x10) pushbutton is depressed (in). X- . point by
turning and shifting the
allowsThe to display any part of the expanded signal. POS control coil.
The
influence of the integrating network which forms a Alternate
triggerfrom the vertical sync pulses may become
pulse triggering
W alternate triggering (A button depressed) it
visible
under certain ith
possible to trigger two signalsLT. is are different in
which
conditions. frequency
(asynchronous). In this case the oscilloscope must be
Disconnecting the trigger circuit (e.g. by rapidly
ioperated
alternate DUALmode with signals of sufficient
pressing
and releasing E button) can result in triggering
neach input. To avoidheight
triggeratproblems due to different
the
consecutive od or XT.e the )
DC
voltage ACinput coupling for both
( d ven field.
On the 10µs/div setting line TV triggering is components,
recommended channels is
selected and
approx. 1½ lines are visible. Those lines originate .
The internal trigger source is switched in the same
randomly
from the odd and even
way as
the channel switching after each time base
fields.
The sync-separator-circuit also operates with sweep.
Phase difference measurement is not possible in this
external
triggering. It is important that the voltage range to
pp trigger mode.
(0.3V
3V pp
) for external triggering should be noted. Again
correctthe slope setting is critical, because the External
externalsignal may not have the same polarity or
trigger triggering
The internal triggering is disconnected by
pulse as the test signal. This can be checked, if
edge depressing thebutton. The timebase can be
TRIG.
the
external trigger voltage itself is displayed first (with EXT.
externally triggered
via TRIG. INP.socket using a p p to 3V pp
internal
triggering the
voltage, which is in syncronism 0.3V
with the test signal.
). This
trigger voltage may have completely different form
In most cases, the composite video signal has a high
DC
content. With constant video information (e.g. test from test signal voltage. Triggering is even
the
pattern bar
color or generator), the DC content can be possible in
certain limits with whole number multiples or
suppressed
easily ACinput coupling of the oscilloscope fractions
the of
test frequency, but only with synchronous
by
a changing amplifier.With
picture content (e.g. normal DCinpu signals.
The input impedance of the TRIG. INP. socket is
program), is recommended, because the display
coupling t approx. II 10pF. The maximum input voltage of the
100k
varies its
vertical position on screen with AC input coupling at circuit input
is 100V (DC+peak
each
change of the picture content. The DC content can AC).
It must be noted that a different phase angle between
be
compensated using Y- control so that the the
measuring and the triggering signal may cause a
the
display lies in the graticulePOS. signalthe composite
area. Then display
not coinciding with SLOP pushbutton
video should not exceed a vertical height of
signal the E setting.
6div. The trigger coupling selection can also be used in
Line triggering external mode. Unlike internal triggering, the
triggering
(~)voltage originating from mains/line (50 to 60Hz) is
A lowest
frequency for external triggering is 20Hz in all
usedtriggering purposes if
for TRIG.switch is set ~. trigger
coupling
the
trigger mode is independent of to amplitude and This conditions.
frequency
the Y signal of and is recommended for all Trigger
mains/line signals. This also applies within certain
synchronous indicator
An LED on condition (above the TRIG. switch)
limits
to whole number multiples or fractions of the line indicates
that the trigger signal has a sufficient amplitude
frequency.
Line triggering can also be useful to display signals and the control setting is correct. This is valid with
LEVEL
below
trigger the threshold (less than 0.5div). It is therefore automatic
and with normal triggering. The indication of trigger
particularly
suitable for measuring small ripple voltages of action
facilitates a sensitive LEVEL adjustment,
mains/lineor stray magnetic field in a circuit. In this
rectifiers particularly
very at frequencies. The indication pulses
low signal
trigger
mode SLOP pushbutton selects the positive or are of
only 100ms
the E negati- duration.

Thus for fast signals the LED appears to glow Y Overscanning
continuously,
for low repetition rate signals, the LED flashes at Indication
This indicator shows any vertical overscan of the
the
repetition rate or at a display of several signal periods usable
(10 x 8) screen area, if any part of the signal or baseline
not at the start of the sweep at the left screen edge,
only are
outside the graticule. The indication is achieved by 2
but at each signal
also light-
emitting diodes, OVERSCA , which are
period. marked the attenuators. NShould one located
between LED
In automatic triggering mode the sweep generator
starts
repeatedly without test signal or external trigger illuminate
without an input signal, this means that the
voltage.
the If signal frequency is <20Hz the sweep
trigger respectivepositioning control has been improperly
vertical
generator
starts without awaiting the trigger pulse. This adjusted. each LED correlates with one of both
Because
causes an display and a flashing trigger LED
untriggered possible it can be seen in which direction the trace
directions,
(TR). has the screen. With dual channel operation,
left
Holdoff-time misadjustment
of Y- controls can occur. If both traces lie in
adjustment
If it is found that a trigger point cannot be both direction,
same POS. onethe LED illuminates likewise. If one
located on complex signals even after repeated and
extremely trace
is positioned above and the other below the graticule,
careful
adjustment of LEVE control, a stable display may both are illuminated. The indication of the Y position
LEDs
the
obtained using LHOLDbe control (in the X-field). after
crossing the graticule area in each operating
the
facility OFF time This
varies the holdoff between two sweep occurs , also when, due to missing time
m
periods
approx. up to the ratio 10:1. Pulses or other signal ode deflection,
baseline no or when the oscilloscope is in
is displayed,
wave- appearing during this off period cannot
forms the X-
Y
trigger
timebase.the Particularly with burst signals or aperiodic mode.
pulse
trains of the same amplitude, the start of the sweep As previously written in the paragraph “First Time
can delayed until the optimum or required
be Opera-
tion”, AT/NORM. pushbutton should be switched
moment. the
ATposition, as a baseline in is then permanently
A very noisy signal or a signal with a higher interfering
frequency is at times displayed double. It is possible alsodisplayed,
without any input signal. The trace
that LEVE adjustment only controls the mutual disappears
times afteratapplying an input signal. The LED
phaseLshift, but not the double display. The stable indication
shows, in which direction the trace has left the
single display of the signal, required for evaluation, is screen, or below the graticule. Illumination of both
above
easily obtainable by expanding the hold off time. To LEDs
the at time after applying a signal means
same
this end the HOLD knob is slowly turned to the that the deflection has overscanned the graticule
vertical
right, until oneOFFsignal is displayed. edgesvertical
both in directions. With DC input coupling
and an signal with a relatively high DC offset,
applied
A double display is possible with certain pulse smaller
sizes also of displayed signals can overscan the
signals, the pulses alternately show a small
where raster because the DC voltage causes a vertical
edges,
difference
the of
peak amplitudes. Only a very LEVE adjustmen position
shift of the display height, which seemed correctly
exact a single display possible. The use ofL
makes t HOLD adjusted.
In this case, a smaller display height must be
the
knob simplifies the right OFF accepted,
ACinput orcoupling has to be
adjustment. selected.
After specific use HOLD control should be
the its calibration OFF
into resetccw),
detent (fully Component
otherwise the
brightness of the display is reduced drastically. The Tester
function
is shown in the following General
figures. The HM303 has a built-in electronic Component
Function of var. HOLD OFF Tester
(COMP. ), which is used for instant display
control heavy parts are displayed
TESTER of awhether or not components
test pattern to indicate
period
are
faulty. The COMP. TESTER can be used for quick
checks
of semiconductors (e.g. diodes and transistors),
resistors,
capacitors, and inductors. Certain tests can also be
signal
made
to integrated circuits. All these components can be
tested
in and out of
sweep circuit.
The test principle is fascinatingly simple. A built-in
Fig. 1 generator
delivers a sine voltage, which is applied across
the
component under test and a built-in fixed resistor.
The
sine voltage across the test object is used for the
horizon-
tal deflection, and the voltage drop across the resistor
adjusting (i.e.
current through test object) is used for vertical
HOLDOFF deflection
of the oscilloscope. The test pattern shows a
time Fig. 2
current- characteristic of the test
voltage
Fig. 1 shows a case where the HOLD knob is in the minimum position
and various different waveforms are
OFF overlapped on the screen, making object.
the signal observation unsuccessful. Since this circuit operates with a frequency of
Fig. 2 shows a case where only the desired parts of the signal are
stably displayed. 50Hz and a voltage of 6V max. (open circuit),
(±10%)
the
indicating range of the component tester is limited. will move towards the vertical
The
impedance of the component under test is limited axis.
Values of resistance 2 to 4 can be
to a
range from to 4.7k . Below and above these from
mately evaluated. The determination of approxi-
0 .7k actual
20 test pattern shows onlyvalues,
the short-circuit or open- values with
come will experience, or by direct comparison
circuit.
For the interpretation of the displayed test pattern, with a
component of a known
these
limits should always be borne in mind. However, value.
most
electronic components can normally be tested Testing Capacitors and
without
any Inductors
Capacitors and inductors cause a phase difference
restriction.
between
current and voltage, and therefore between the X
Using the Component
and Y
deflection, giving an ellipse-shaped display. The
Tester
position
and opening width of the ellipse will vary according
The component tester is switched on by depressing
to the
impedance value (at 50Hz) of the component under
the
COMP. pushbutton (on) beneath the
test.
TESTER
This screen. preamplifier and the
makes the vertical
A horizontal ellipse indicates a high impedance or a
timebase inoperative. A shortened horizontal trace
generator
will be relatively small capacitance or a relatively high
observed. It is not necessary to disconnect scope
inductance.
input unless in-circuit measurements are to be
cables
carried
out. In COMP. mode, the only controls
A vertical ellipse indicates a small impedance or a
the be operated
can TESTER INTENS. which
, FOCU , and X- .
are S POS. All relatively large capacitance or a relatively small
other controls and settings have no influence on the
inductance.
test
operation
.
A sloping ellipse means that the component has a
For the component connection, two simple test
leads4mm Ø banana plugs, and with test prod, alligator considerable ohmic resistance in addition to its
with
reactance
clipsprung hook, are required. The test leads are
or
.
connected
to the insulated socket and the adjacent ground
The values of capacitance of normal or
socket the screen. The component can be connected
beneath
electrolytic
capacitors 0.1µFto 1000µF can be displayed
to test leads either way
the
from
approximate values obtained. More and precise
round.
measurement
can be obtained in a smaller range by comparing
After use, to return the oscilloscope to normal
the
capacitor under test with a capacitor of known
operation, COMP.
release pushbutton
value.
Inductive components (coils, transformers) can
the TESTER (off).
also be The determination of the value of
tested.
Test
inductance
needs some experience, because inductors have
ProcedureDo not test any component in live circuitry
Caution!
ausually
higher ohmic series resistance. However, the
- remove all grounds, power and signals connected
impedance
value (at 50Hz) of an inductor in the range to
to the component under test. Set up Component
from 20
4.7k can easily be obtained or
Tester as stated above. Connect test leads across
compared.
component to be tested. Observe oscilloscope display.
Testing
Semiconductors
Only discharged capacitors should be tested! Most semiconductor devices, such as diodes, Z-
diodes,
transistors, FETs can be tested. The test pattern
Test Pattern Displays displays
vary according to the component type as shown in
the
figures
Page M17 shows typical test patterns displayed by below.
the
various components under The main characteristic displayed during
test.
• Open circuit is indicated by a straight horizontal semiconductor
testing is the voltage dependent knee caused by
line. the
junction changing from the conducting state to the
• Short circuit is shown by a straight vertical line. non
conducting state. It should be noted that both the
forward
and the reverse characteristic are displayed
Testing Resistors simultaneously.
This is a two-terminal test, therefore testing of
transistor
amplification is not possible, but testing of a single
If the test object has a linear ohmic resistance, both junction
is easily and quickly possible. Since the test
deflecting
voltages are in the same phase. The test pattern voltage
applied is only very low, all sections of most
expected
from a resistor is therefore a sloping straight line. The semi-
conductors can be tested without damage.
angle
of slope is determined by the resistance of the resistor However, the breakdown or reverse voltage of high
checking
under
test. With high values of resistance, the slope will voltage
semiconductors is not possible. More important is
tend
towards the horizontal axis, and with low values, the testing
components for open or short-circuit, which
slope from
experience is most frequently These transistor test patterns are valid in most
needed.
Testing Diodes cases,
but there are exceptions to the rule (e.g.
Diodes normally show at least their knee in the Darlington,
FETs). With COMP. , the
forward
characteristic. This is not valid for some high voltage the
between a P-N-P to anTESTER
N-P-N transistor is distinction
discenible.
diode because they contain a series connection of
types, In of doubt, comparison with a known type is
case
several
diodes. Possibly only a small portion of the knee is helpful.
It should be noted that the same socket
visible. always show their forward knee and, up
Z-diodes connection
(COMP. or ground) for the same
to
approx. 7V, their Z-breakdown, forms a second knee in TESTER
then terminal is A connection
absolutely necessary.
the
opposite direction. A Z-breakdown voltage of more inversion
effects a rotation of the test pattern by 180
than
6.8V can not be degrees
round about the center point of the scope
displayed. graticule.
In-Circuit
Tests
Type: Normal Diode High Voltage Diode Z-Diode 6.8V Caution! During in-circuit tests make sure the circuit
Terminals: Cathode-Anode Cathode-Anode Cathode-Anode is dead. No power from mains/line or battery and no
Connections: (CT-GD) (CT-GD) (CT-GD)
signal inputs are permitted. Remove all ground
connections including Safety Earth (pull out power
The polarity of an unknown diode can be plug from outlet). Remove all measuring cables
identified
comparison by with a known including probes between oscilloscope and circuit
diode. under test. Otherwise both COMP. leads
Testing TESTER
not isolated against the circuit under test. are
Transistors
Three different tests can be made to transistors:
base-
emitter, base-collector and emitter-collector. The In-circuit tests are possible in many cases. However,
resulting
test patterns are shown they not well defined. This is caused by a shunt
are
below.
The basic equivalent circuit of a transistor is a Z- connection
of real or complex - especially if they are
diode
between base and emitter and a normal diode impedanceslow impedance at
relatively of - to the
with
reverse polarity between base and collector in 50Hz test, often results differ greatlycomponent
under when
series
connection. There are three different test compared
with single components. In case of doubt, one
patterns:
For a transistor the figures b-e and b-c are important. component
terminal may be unsoldered. This terminal should
The e-c can vary; but a vertcal line only shows
figure then be
connected to the COMP. socket
short
circuit insulated hum distortion of the TESTER
avoiding test
condition. pattern.
N-P-N Transistor
Another way is a test pattern comparison to an
identical
circuit which is known to be operational (likewise
without
power and any external connections). Using the
test
prods, identical test points in each circuit can be
checked,
and a defect can be determined quickly and easily.
Terminals: b-e b-c e-c
Connections: (CT-GD) (CT-GD) (CT-GD) Possibly
the device itself under test contains a reference
circuit
(e.g. a second stereo channel, push-pull
P-N-P Transistor
amplifier,
symmetrical bridge circuit), which is not
defective.
The test patterns on page 22 show some typical
displays
for in-circuit
tests.
Terminals: b-e b-c e-c
Connections: (CT-GD) (CT-GD) (CT-GD)

Test patterns
Single Components Single

Transistors
Short circuit Resistor 510 Junction B-C Junction B-E
Mains transformer prim. Capacitor 33µF Junction E-C FET
Single Diodes In-circuit

Semiconductors
Z-diode below 7V Z-diode beyond 7V Diode paralleled by 2 Diodes antiparallel

680
Silicon diode Germanium diode Diode in series with 51 B-E paralleled by 680
Rectifier Thyristor, G + A together B-E with 1µF+680 Si.-Diode with 10µF

Test Instructions
General the screen in accordance with international

standards
(see CRT data book). These limit values are
These Test Instructions are intended as an aid for strictly
supervised by HAMEG. The selection of a cathode-
checking
the most important characteristics of the ray without any tolerances is practically
tube
HM303intervals
regular at without the need for expensive impossible.
test
equipment. Resulting corrections and readjustments
insideinstrument, indicated by the following
the Astigmatism Check
tests, are in the Service Instructions or on the
described
Adjusting
Plan. They should only be undertaken by Check whether the horizontal and vertical sharpness of
qualified
personnel the
display are equal. This is best seen by displaying a
. with the First Time Operation instructions, care
As square-signal with the repetition rate of approximately
wave
should
be taken that all knobs with arrows are set to 1MHz.
Focus the horizontal tops of the square-wave
their
calibrated positions. None of the pushbuttons signal
normalatintensity, then check the sharpness of the
should be TRIG. selector switch
depressed. AC. It is vertical If it is possible to improve this vertical
edges.
to switch on the instrument for about 20recommended
minutes sharpness by FOCU control, then an adjustment of
turning
prior to
the commencement of any the S
astigmatism control isthe
necessary. A potentiometer of
check. 47k
is provided inside the instrument for the
correction of (see Service Instructions). A certain
astigmatism
Cathode-Ray Tube: Brightness and loss of sharpness of the CRT is unavoidable; this is
marginal
Focus,
Linearity, Raster Distortions due
the to
manufacturing process of the
CRT.
Normally, the CRT of the HM303 has very good
brightness.
Any reduction of this brightness can only be Symmetry and Drift of the Vertical
judged
visually. However, decreased brightness may be Amplifier
the
result of wrong setting or reduced high voltage. The Both of these characteristics are substantially
latter
is easily recognized by the greatly increased determined
by the input stages of the
sensitivity
the verticalof amplifier. Right setting means, HOLD amplifiers.
that the
OF control should be turned to the left stop; X-MAG. The symmetry of both channels and the vertical
F the
(x10) button should be released; a medium time final
amplifier can be checked by inverting Channel I
shouldcoefficient
be selected; line triggering (~ position) and II
(depress the INVERTpushbutton).
should be
used only with a TIME/DIV.switch setting corresponding
vertical The by
position of the trace should not change
suitable ). The control range for maximum
2ms/div (e.g. and more 0.5div. However, a change of 1div. is just
than
.brightness minimum
(intensity) must be such that the beam permissible.
Larger deviations indicate that changes have
just
disappears before reaching the left hand stop of occurred in
the
the
INTENS. control (particularly when X button amplifier.
the Y is
depressed), while with the control at the right hand A further check of the vertical amplifier
stop focus and the line width are just
the symmetrybyischecking the control range of
possible Y-
acceptable. the
controls. A sine-wave signal of 10-100kHz is applied toPOS.
With maximum intensity the timebase fly-back must the
amplifier input. When Y- control is then
on no account be visible . Visible trace fault the
fully in both directions from stop to turned
POS. stop with a
input signal: bright dot on the without
left side or display
height of 8div. , the upper and lower
decreasing from left to right or shortening of the
brightness approximately
of positions
the trace that are visible should be approximately
baseline.
(Cause: Incorrect Unblanking Pulse.) It should be of the
same height. Differences of up to 1div. are
noted
that with wide variations in brightness, permissible
(input coupling should be set AC).
refocusingnecessary.
always is Moreover, with maximum to
brightness,
no “pumping” of the display must occur. If pumping Checking the drift is relatively 20 minutes
does it is normally due to a fault in the regulation
occur, simple.
switching on the , set after
the baseline
circuitry
for the high voltage supply. The presetting pots instrument
on the horizontal center line of theexactly
graticule. The
for thevoltage circuit, minimum and maximum
high beam
position must not change by more 0.5div. during
intensity, are inside the instrument (see Adjusting
only accessible than
following the
Plan
and Service hour.
Instructions).
A certain out-of-focus condition in the edge zone of Calibration of the Vertical Amplifier
the
screen must be accepted. It is limited by standards of
the
CRT manufacturer. The same is valid for tolerances Two square-wave voltages 0.2V p p and 2Vpp ±1% are
of the
orthogonality, the undeflected spot position, the of
present at the output sockets of the C ) If
non-
linearity and the raster distortion in the marginal calibrator
direct (
connection is made between 0.2V outputAL. and
a
zone of the the
input of the vertical amplifier (e.g. x1 ), made up locally. It is important that this
using a
displayed signal in 50mV/div position probe the
(variable attenuator is local manufacture, the electrical
shielded. For
the
to C ) should 4div.. high DCinput control coupling). compo-
nents required are a ±1% resistor and, in
AL. be of 0.12div. (3%)
deviations ( are permissible.
Maximum x10 i 1M it, a trimmer 3-15pF in parallel
with parallel with approx.
If a
connected between 2V output and Y input,probethe s 12pF.side of this parallel circuit is connected
One
the same
display height should result. With higher tolerances it directly
the inputtoconnector of CH.I or CH.II and the other
shouldbe investigated whether the cause lies,
first side
is connected to the generator, if possible via a
within the or in the amplitude of the square-wave
amplifier low-
capacitance coaxial cable. The series attenuator
signal. On it is possible that the probe is faulty or
occasions mustmatched to the input impedance of the
be
incorrectly
compensated. If necessary the measuring amplifier oscilloscope
in 5mV/div position (variable control C , DC
can be
calibrated with an accurately known DC DCinpu the coupling;
input . to tops exactly horizontal; no AL.
square
voltage
coupling). The trace position should then vary in t
( ramp-
off is permitted). This is achieved by
accordance
with the deflection coefficient adjusting
trimmer the located in the 2:1 The shape
set. attenuator.
the square-wave should then be the same in eachof
With variable control at the attenuator switch fully input attenuator position.
conter-
clockwise, the input sensitivity is decreased at
leastfactor
the by 2.5 in each position. In 50mV/div position
.
the displayed calibrator signal height should vary , Operating Modes: CH.I/II, DUAL,
from to at least
4div. CHOP.,
ADD, INVERT and X-Y
1.6div. Operation
On depressing DUAL pushbutton, two traces
Transmission Performance of the
appear immediately. On actuationmust of Y- controls
Vertical
the Amplifier the trace positions should have no effect onPOS. each ,
other.
Nevertheless, this cannot be entirely avoided, even in
The transient response and the delay distortion fully
serviceable instruments. When one trace is
correction
can only be checked with the aid of a square- shifted
vertically across the entire screen, the position of
wave
generator with a fast max. ). The the trace must not vary by more than
other
risetimecable
coaxial ( 5ns
(e.g. HZ34) must be terminated at signal 0.5mm.
A criterion in chopped operation is trace widening
the
vertical input of the oscilloscope with a resistor and
shadowing around and within the two traces in the
equal to
the characteristic impedance of the cable (e.g. upper
or lower region of the screen. TIME/DIV.switch
with
HZ22). Checks should be made at 100Hz, 1kHz, Set
2µs/div. , depress DUALand CHOP pushbutton, to
10kHz, and 1MHz, the deflection coefficient
100kHz input coupling the of both channels . GDand set advance
should be
set at 5mV/div w DCinput coupling (Y variable to
INTENS. control fully clockwise. the FOCU for
i C . position). ith control
In so doing, the square pulses must sharp display. AdjustWith Y- controls shiftS one ofa
an AL.flat have
top without ramp-off, spikes and the to a +2div., the otherPOS.
traces to the- 2div. vertical
glitches;
overshootnois permitted, especially at 1MHz and a afrom the horizontal center line of the position graticule. Do
display 4-
height . At the same time, the leading top notsynchronize
to try (with the time variable control) the
of the pulse 5div.
must corner
not be rounded. In general, no chop
frequency (0.5MHz)! Then alternately release and
great
changes occur after the instrument has left the depress
th CHOP pushbutton. Check for negligible trace
factory,
and it is left to the operators discretion whether this eand . periodic widening
shadowing in the chopped
testundertaken or not. A suited generator for this
is mode.
test is
HZ60 from It is important to note that in I+IIadd mode ADD
HAMEG. the
depressed) or I–IIdifference mode(only INVERT
Of course, the quality of the transmission the (
button depressed in addition) the vertical position CHII
of
performance
not is
only dependent on the vertical The input the can be adjusted by
trace both the Channel I
amplifier.
attenuators , located in the front of the ar using
Channel Y- controls and
amplifier, in each position
frequency-compensated . e
Even II POS. .
capacitive changes can reduce the small In X-Y OperationX pushbutton depressed), the
transmission Faults of this kind are as a rule most
performance. ( both deflectionY directions
in sensitivitywill be the same.
easily
detected with a square-wave signal with a low When the
signal from the built-in square-wave generator is
repetition
rate (e.g. 1kHz). If a suitable generator with max. applied
the inputto of Channel II, then, as with Channel I in the
output is available, it is advisable to check at
of vertical
direction, there must be a horizontal 4div. w
pp
40V
intervals regular
the deflection coefficients on all positions deflection of
the deflection coefficient is set 50mV/div position hen
of the
input attenuators and readjust them as to
ble control set to CAL. position. X-MAG. (varia-button
necessary. A 2:1 series attenuator
compensate (e.g. HZ23) is its position). The check of, the mono
out (x10) in
channel display
dnecessary, and this must be matched to also the with the
CHI/I button is unnecessary; it is contained indirectly
input
impedance of the oscilloscope. This attenuator can I
tests in theabove
be stated.
24
T2
Subject to change without notice
Triggering Checks If both vertical inputs ACcoupled to the same
are signal exactly on
and both traces are brought to coincide
The internal trigger threshold is important as it the
screen, when working in alternate dual channel
determines
the display height from which a signal will be the
m , then no change in display should be
stably
displayed. It should be approx. 0.3-0.5div. for the ode noticeable,
when CH I/II - TRIG. button is depressed
HM303.
An increased trigger sensitivity creates the risk of the
released or I/II or
when the TRIG. selector switch is
response
to the noise level in the trigger circuit. This can fchangedACto DCposition
produce
double-triggering with two out-of-phase rom .
traces. Checking of the line/mains frequency triggering (50-
Alteration of the trigger threshold is only possible 60Hz)
is possible, when the input signal is time-related
internally.
Checks can be made with sine-wave voltage betwee (multiple
or submultiple) to the power line TRIG.selecto
any
50Hz and 1MHz. AT/NORM. button should be n in frequency
switch to ~). There is no trigger threshold visible r
(
The
position Automatic Triggering ).outFollowing this it in this mode. Even very small input signals are
trigger
( ascertained whether the same trigger
be should
sensitivity is triggered
stably (e.g. ripple voltage). For this check, use an
also
present with Normal AT/NORM. butto input of 1V. The displayed signal height can then be
approx.
Triggering (
depressed). In this trigger mode, LEVE adjustment n varied
by turning the respective input attenuator switch
a
necessary. The checks should show the L same is and its
variable
trigger with the same frequency. On depressing
threshold control.
the
SLOP button, the start of the sweep changes from
E the
positive-going to the negative-going edge of the Timebase
trigger
signal
. Before checking the timebase it should be
As described in the Operating Instructions, the ascertained
that trace length is approx. 10div. in all time
trigger
frequency range is dependent on the trigger the
range . If not, it can be corrected with the
coupling For lower frequencies
selected. LFcoupling mode s x1 (see
X potentiometer
Adjusting Plan). This adjustment
the
be selected. In this mode, triggering up can to at least should be
made with TIME/DIV.switch in a mid position
1.5kHz
(sine-wave) is possible. Internally the HM303 the
20µs/div. (i.e.
). Prior to the commencement of any check
should perfectly at a display height of approx.
trigger set
the time variable control C Th X-MAG.
0.5div.,
when the appropriate trigger coupling mode is to
button should be in out position. AL.This
e condition
(x10)
set. should be
maintained until the variation ranges of these
For external TRIG. button controls are
checked.
triggering
th EXT. ( EXT. requires
input connector depressed),
a signal
eof TRIG. voltage
at 0.3V p p , which is in synchronism with the Y Check that sweep runs from the left to the right
least The voltage
signal. inputvalue is dependent on the the
side of the (TIME/DIV switch 0.1s/div .; X-
frequency
and the trigger coupling AC-DC- ). screen
POS .
. control in mid-range). Thisto check is only
mode ( LF necessary
after changing the cathode-ray
Checking of the TV triggering is possible with a tube.
video
signal of any given If a precise marker signal is not available for
polarity. checking the
Timebase time coefficients , then an accurate
Use TVposition of the TRIG. switch for video wave generator may be used. sine- Its frequency
the separation.
pulse syncIn TV triggering mode TIME/DIV. tolerancenot be greater than ±.1%. The timebase
should
the
switch setting selects line/horizontal puls accuracy
of the HM303 is given as ±3%, but it is considerably
between
separation (TIME/DIV. switch .1ms/div. eto better
than this. For the simultaneous checking of
from
div. ) frame/vertica pulse .1µs/ separation timebase
linearity and accuracy at least 10 oscillations, 1 cycle
switchand l .2s/div. (TIME/DIV.
to ). With SLOP i.e.
every , should always be displayed. For
from .2ms/div. the
button the correct slope of the sync pulse (front E div.
determination, precise
set the peak of the first marker or
edge) be selected. This slope is then valid for both
must cycle exactly behind the first vertical graticule line
peak
sync
frequencie usingX-
th control. Deviation tendencies can be
s. e POS.
after some of noted
the marker or cycle
Perfect TV triggering is achieved, when in both peaks.
display
modes the amplitude of the complete TV signal If a precise Time Mark Generator is used for
(from level to the top of the line sync pulse) is
white checking,
Normal AT/NORM. button depressed)
limited
between 0.8 and Triggering
LEVE control ( adjustment and is
6div. L recommended.
The display should not shift horizontally during a
change of
the trigger coupling ACto DCwith sine-wave The following table shows which frequencies are
from without DC offset
signal . a required
for the particular
ranges.
Subject to change without notice
T253
Component
0.2 - 5 Hz 0.1 - 10kH Tester
s/div.
0.1 - 10ms/div.
Hz 50 - z20kH After pressing COMP. button, a
s/div.
50 - µs/div.Hz
20 20 - z
50kH the
straight TESTER
line has to appear horizontal
immediately, when COMP.
ms/div.
20 - µs/div.Hz
50 10 - 100kH z the
TESTE socket is open. The length of this trace should
ms/div.
10 µs/div.Hz
- 100 5 z
- 200kH R be With connection of
approx. 8div. COMP.
ms/div.
5 µs/div.
- 200 Hz 2 - z500kH the
socket to the ground jack in the Y-Section, TESTER
a
2ms/div. µs/div. Hz
- 500 1 - z1 vertical line with approx. 6div. height should be
straight
1ms/div. - µs/div.
1 kHz 0.5 - 2MHz displayed.
The above stated measurements have some
0.5 ms/div. - µs/div.
2 kHz 0.2 - MHz
5 tolerances.
ms/div.
0.2 - 5µs/div.
kHz 0.1 - 10MH MHz
ms/div. µs/div. z Trace
When X-MAG. button is depressed, a marker Alignment
the (x10)
cycle peak will be displayed or every 10div. ±5% The CRT has an admissible angular deviation ±5°
(with
variable control C position; measurement in between
the X deflection plane D1-D2 and the horizontal center
in
5µs/div. range). The AL. the is better measurable in
tolerance line
of the internal graticule. This deviation, due to
the
50µs/div . range (one cycle every tube
production tolerances (and only important after
1div.). changing
the CRT), and also the influence of the earths
Holdoff time magnetic
field, which is dependent on the instruments
North
orientation, are corrected by means of TR
The variation of the holdoff time during HOLD the
potentiometer. In general, the trace rotation
turning
OF thecan not be tested without opening
knob range is
asymmetric. It should be checked, whether the
F the
instrument. However, a visual check can be baseline
can be adjusted somewhat sloping both sides roun
made.
Without input signal, TIME/DIV. and time to
about the horizontal center line of the graticule. d
set
control variable
cw, use automatic triggering. At the left hand With the in its closed case, an angle of rotation
HM303
stop
of HOLDOF knob, the trace should be bright. ±0.57°
(0.1div. difference in elevation per 10div. graticule
the F
should darken It
remarkably at the right hand stop of length)
is sufficient for the compensation of the earths
the
HOLDOF knob. magnetic
field
F .

Service Instructions
General of the load is not impossible. Therefore, after switching

off, it is recommended to connect one by one all
The following instructions are intended as an aid terminals of the check strips on the upper PCB across
for the
electronic technician, who is carrying out 1 to ground (chassis) for a period of 1
readjustments
on the HM303, if the nominal values do not meet k second.
the
specifications. These instructions primarily refer to Handling of the CRT needs utmost caution. The glass
those which were found after using the Test
faults, bulb must not be allowed under any circumstances
Instructions.this work should only be carried out by
However, to come into contact with hardened tools, nor should
properly personnel. For any further technical
qualified it undergo local superheating (e.g. by soldering iron)
information
call or write to HAMEG. Addresses are provided at or local undercooling (e.g. by cryogenic-spray). We
the of the manual. It is recommended to use only
back recommend the wearing of safety goggles (implosion
the
original packing material, should the instrument be danger)
shipped
to for service or repair (see also Warranty, page .
M2). The complete instrument (with case closed and PO-
Instrument Case WER button depressed) is after each intervention
Removal undergo a voltage test with 2200V, DC, between
The rear cover can be taken off after unplugging the accessible parts to both mains/line supply terminals.
power triple-contact connector and after two cross
cords This test is dangerous and requires an adequately
recessed
pan head screws (M4x30mm) with two washers trained specialist .
on it
have been removed. While the instrument case is
firmly the entire chassis with its front panel can
held, Operating Voltages
withdrawn
forward. When the chassis is inserted into the case
later
on, it should be noticed that the case has to fit under All operating voltages (+6.3V, +12V, –12V, +141V,
the
flange of the front panel. The same applies for the +185V, are stabilized by the switch mode power
–2025V)
rear case,
the of on which the rear cover is supply.
The +12V supply is further stabilized and used
put. as a
reference voltage for –12V stabilisation. These
Caution different voltages are fixed voltages, except the
operating
+12V,
which can be adjusted. The variation of the fixed
During opening or closing of the case, the instrument voltagesthan 5% from the nominal value indicates a
greater
must be disconnected from all power sources fault.
Measurements of the high voltage may
for
maintenance work or a change of parts or only be
accomplished by the use of a sufficient highly
components. If a measurement, trouble-shooting, or resistive
voltmeter ). You must make absolutely sure
an adjustment is unavoidable, this work must be (>10M
the electric strength ofthat
the voltmeter is sufficiently
done by a specialist, who is familiar with the risk high.
It is recommended to check the ripple and also
involved. the
interaction from other possible sources. Excessive
values
might be very often the reason for
When the instrument is set into operation after the incomprehensible
faults
case has been removed, attention must be paid to the .
acceleration voltage for the CRT –2025V and to the Maximum and Minimum
operating voltages for both final amplifier stages Brightness
185V and 141V. Potentials of these voltages are on Two variable resistors and 470k ), located on
the PS-Board, the CRT-PCB, on the upper and lower (220k mode power supply PCB, are used the
switch for
PCBs. Such potentials are moreover on the checkpoint these
adjustment procedures (see Adjusting Plan). They may
strips on the upper and lower horizontal PCBs. They only
be touched by a properly insulating screwdriver
are highly dangerous and therefore precautions must (Caution!
High voltage!). The adjustments may possibly have
be taken. It should be noted furthermore that shorts to be
repeated, because the functions of both variable
occuring on different points of the CRT high voltage resistors
are dependent on each other. Correct adjustment is
and unblanking circuitry will definitely damage some achieved,
when the trace can be blanked X pushbutton
semiconductors and the opto-coupler. For the same while
depressed and, in addition, when the Y is
requirement
reason it is very risky to connect capacitors to these described
in the Test Instructions are
points while the instrument is on. met.
Astigmatism control
Capacitors in the instrument may still be charged,
even when the instrument is disconnected from all The ratio of vertical and horizontal sharpness
voltage sources. Normally, the capacitors are can be by the variable resistor of
adjusted , located on
discharged approx. 6 seconds after switching off. 47k the
lower PCB (see Adjusting Plan). As a precaution
However, with a defective instrument an interruption however,
the voltage for the vertical deflecting plates
(approx.
+85V) should firstly be checked, because this voltage adjacent circuit. Especially inspect the
will
affect the astigmastism correction. While the connections
between the PCBs, to front chassis parts, to CRT PCB,
adjustment
is being carried out (with medium brightness and a to
trace rotation coil (inside of CRTs shielding), and
1MHz
square-wave signal), the upper horizontal square- to the potentiometers and switches on top of and
control
waveare firstly focussed with
tops FOCU control. beneath
the PCBs. This visual inspection can lead to success
the sharpness of the vertical lines are corrected
S Then
with much
more quickly than a systematic fault location
the Astigm. pot. The correction should be
47k using
measuring instruments. Prior to any extensive
severalrepeated
times in this sequence. The adjustment is trouble- also check the external power
shooting,
finished, FOCU knob exclusively brings
when no source.
If the instrument fails completely, the first and
the S
ment of the sharpness improve-
both directions important
step - after checking the power fuses - will be
in . measure the deflecting plate voltages of the to
Trigger Threshold CRT.
almostInany case, the faulty section can be located.
The
sections
The internal trigger threshold should be in the range represent:
0.3 to display height. It is strongly dependent on
0.5div. 1. Vertical deflection. 2. Horizontal
the
comparator IC. If there are compelling reasons to deflection.
3. CRT circuit. 4. Power
replace
this comparator, it may be that triggering becomes supply.
too
sensitive or too insensitive caused by the IC gain While the measurement takes place, the position
tolerances
(see Test Instructions: “Triggering Checks”, page controls
both of
deflection devices must be in mid-position.
T3). In
extreme cases, the hysteresis resistor of When the
deflection devices are operating properly, the
3.32k
comparator should be changed. the Generally, max. separate of each plate pair are almost equal then (Y
voltages
halving or of this resistance value should be
doubling approx.
80V and X approx 71V). If the separate voltages of a plate
sufficient.
too smallA trigger threshold cause double- pair
are very different, the associated circuit must be
triggering ortrigger action due to interference
premature faulty. An
absent trace in spite of correct plate voltages means a
pulses ornoise. A too high trigger threshold prevents
random faultthe CRT circuit. Missing deflection plate
in
the
display of very small display voltages
probablyiscaused by a defect in the power
heights. supply.
Trouble-Shooting the Replacement of Components and
Instrument Parts
For this job, at least an isolating variable For the replacement of parts and components use
mains/line
transformer (protection class II), a signal only of the same or equivalent type. Resistors
parts
generator,precise
adequate an multimeter, and, if possible, unspecified
in the diagrams have a power dissipation of 1/5
an
oscilloscope are needed. This last item is required Watt
(Melf) or 1/8 Watt (Chip) respectively and a
for
complex faults, which can be traced by the tolerance
1%. of in the high voltage circuit must
Resistors
display or
signal of ripple voltages. As noted before, the have
sufficient electric strength. Capacitors without a
regulated
high voltage and the supply voltages for the final voltage
value must be rated for an operating voltage of 63V.
stages
are highly dangerous. Therefore it is recommended to The
capacitance tolerance should not exceed 20%.
use
totally insulated extended probe , when Many
semiconductors are selected, especially all
tips
shooting the instrument. Accidental contact trouble- amplifier
transistors, which are contained in push-pull
with
dangerous voltage potentials is then unlikely. Of circuits. If a
selected semiconductor is defective, both push-
course,instructions cannot thoroughly cover all
these pull
transistors of a stage should be replaced by
kinds ofSome common-sense will certainly be
faults. selected
components, because otherwise there are
required,
when a complex fault has to be possibly
deviations of the specified data or functions. The
investigated. Service
Department can give you advice for troubleshooting
If trouble is suspected, visually inspect the and
replaceable parts. Replacement parts can be ordered
instrument
thoroughly after removal of the case. Look for by
letter or telephone from the nearest HAMEG
loose or
badly contacted or discolored components (caused Service Please supply the following information:
Office.
by
overheating). Check to see that all circuit board Instru-type and serial number, description of the part
ment
connections
are making good contact and are not shorting to (type part number on the circuit
and
an drawing).

Short Instruction for
HM303
Switching on and initial setting
Connect instrument to power outlet, depress POWE button. LED indicates operating
red chassis and all measuring terminals are connected
Case, R to the safety
condition.
earth conductor (Safety Class
I)
.Do not depress any further TRIG. selector switch AC.
button.
AT/NORM. button to
CH.Iinput coupling switch GD, set TIME/DIV.switch to
released,
Adjus INTENS. control for to
average 50µs/div.
t
Center trace on brightness.
screen X- and Y- controls. Then focus trace FOCU control
using POS. POS.I using S .
Vertical amplifier mode
Channel I: All buttons in the Y section in out

position.
Channel CHI/I button
II:
Channel I and I depressed.
DUALbutton depressed. Alternate channel CHOP ( ADD) button in out
II: Signals <1kHz orswitching:time =1ms/di DUALand CHOP buttons. position.
coefficient
Channel I+II or –I–II (sum): depress v: ADDbutton . depressed.
only
Channel –I+II or +I–II (difference): .
ADD and the INVERTbutton
depress corresponding .
Triggering mode
Select trigger mode AT/NORM. button

with
AT= Automatic <20Hz to: 80MHz (out NORM.= Normal Triggering
Triggering
Trigger edge direction: select slope position). SLOPE button (depressed).
with
Internal triggering: select channel (±)
TRIG. I/II . (CH.button
with
Alternating triggering I/II)
A pushbutton . C . button in the out
(internal):
External TRIG. LT. depressed,
button depressed; sync signal HOP position.
to 3V pp ) to TRIG. INP.socket.
pp
triggering:
Line EXT.
TRIG.selector (0.3V
switch ~.
triggering:
Select trigger couplingto TRIG. selector switch. Trigger frequency
with
AC: <20Hz to DC: DC ranges: to LF: DC to
100MHz; video signal100MHz;
TV: Composite with line or horizontal1.5kHz.
frequency.
TIME/DIV. 0.2s/div. - = field
0.2ms/div.
TIME/DIV. 0.1ms/div. - frequency
= line
0.1µs/div.
Select edge direction SLOPE frequency
button (sync. pulse above +, below
with attention to trigger (±)
Pay –).
TRLED above TRIG.selector
indicator: the switch.
Measurements
Apply test signal to the vertical input CH Iand/o CH II.

connectors
Before use, calibrate attenuator probe with built-in square rwave
of CA .
generator
Switch input coupling ACor DC. L
to
Adjust signal to desired display height with attenuator
switch.
Select time coefficient on TIME/DIV.switch
the trigger point
Set LEVE knob for . normal
with L triggering.
Trigger complex or aperiodic signals with HOLD -time
longer
Amplitude measurement with Y fine control at right OFF C . ).
stop ( measurement with time fine control at right
Time C AL.).
stop (
Horizontal expansion 10 fold X-MAG. button AL.
with
External horizontal X-Y (x10) ) Xdepressed.
button depressed (X CH II).
deflection ( mode with Y input:
Component
Tester
Press COMP. button (on). Connect both component COMP. jacks.
TESTER
In-circuit terminals
test: Circuit under to be disconnected from battery or power (pullTESTER
test must out power
plug),
signals and ground (earth). Remove all signal connections to HM303 (cable, probe), then start
testing.

Front Panel Elements HM 303 (Brief Description - Front
View)
Element Function Element Function
. 1 POWER Turns scope on and off. 21 Switch to convert oscilloscope

COMP. TESTER
(pushbutton + LED) LED indicates operating condition. (pushbutton switch) to component tester mode.
2 INTENS Intensity control 22 Y-POS.I Controls vertical position

.
(knob) for trace brightness (knob) of channel I display.
3 TR Trace rotation. 23 GD - AC - DC Selects input coupling of CH. I

(potentiometer; To align trace with horizontal (pushbutton switches) vertical amplifier.
adjustment with graticule line. Compensates
DC = direct coupling
screwdriver) influence of earth's magnetic field.
AC = coupling via capacitor
GD = signal disconnected
4 FOCUS Focus control for
from input,
(knob) trace sharpness.
Y amplifier input grounded.
5 X-MAG. x10 10:1 expansion in the X direction.
(pushbutton switch) Max. resolution 10ns/div. 24 INPUT CH Channel I signal input.
(BNC
I connector) Input impedance 1M II20pF.
6 X-POS. Controls horizontal
(knob) position of trace. 25 INVERT CH Inversion of CH. I display.
(pushbutton
I switch) In combination with ADD button
7 HOLD Controls holdoff-time = difference CH. II CH. I.
OFF between sweeps.
(knob)
Normal position = full ccw. 26 VOLTS/DIV. Channel I input attenuator.
(12 position Selects Y input sensitivity
8 XY Selects X-Y operation, rotary switch) in mV/div. or V/div.
(pushbutton switch) stops sweep. in 1-2-5 sequence.
X signal via CH. II.
Attention! Phosphor burn-in without X signal. 27 VAR. Fine adjustment of Y amplitude CH. I.
GAIN Increases attenuation factor
(knob)
9 TRIG Trigger selector: min. by 2.5 (left hand stop).
(lever
. switch) AC : - 100MHz. For amplitude measurement must be
AC-DC-LF- ~ DC :10Hz
DC- 100MHz. in CAL. position (right hand stop).
TV- LF: DC - 1.5kHz
TV:Triggering
. for frame and line. 28 CH I/II-TRIG. No button depressed: CH. I only
~: Internal line triggering. (pushbutton switch) and triggering from channel I.
I/II
When depressed, channel II only
TR LED lights, if sweep is triggered. and triggering from channel II.
(LED (Trigger selection in DUAL mode).
)
10 ALT. Triggering alternates between CHI and 29 Y MAG. When depressed, increasing of
(pushbutton switch) CHII in alternating DUAL Channel mode (pushbutton switches) Y-sensitivity (CH I or CHII resp.) 5 fold
x5
only. (max.
1mV/div.)
11 SLOPE +/ - Selects the slope of the trigger signal. 30 DUAL Button released: one channel only.
(pushbutton switch) + = rising edge; (pushbutton Button depressed: channel I
- = falling edge. switch) and channel II in alternating mode.
CHOP. DUAL and ADD buttons depressed:
12 TIME/DI . Selects time coefficients (speeds) CH. I and CH. II in chopped mode.
V
(rotary switch) of timebase,
from 0.2s/div. to 0.1µs/div. 31 ADD ADD depressed only: algebr. addition.
(pushbutton switch) In combination with INVERT:
13 Variable Variable adjustment of timebase. difference.
timebase control Decreases X deflection speed
(center knob) at least 2.5 fold. 32 OVERSCAN Direction indicators.
For time measurements (LED indicators) Illuminated when trace passes
turn to right hand stop. vertical screen limits.
14 TRIG. Button released = internal triggering. 33 VAR. Fine adjustment of Y amplitude CH. II.
EXT.
(pushbutton switch) Button depressed = external triggering, (knob)
GAIN Increases attenuation factor
trigger signal via TRIG. INP . 17 min. by 2.5 (left hand stop).
For amplitude measurement must be
15 AT/NORM. Button released = autom. triggering, in CAL. position (right hand stop).
(pushbutton switch) trace visible without input signal.
Button depressed = normal triggering 34 VOLTS/DIV. Channel II input attenuator.
with LEVEL adjustment . 16 (12 position Selects Y input sensitivity
rotary switch) in mV/div. or V/div.
16 LEVE Adjustment of trigger level. in 1-2-5 sequence.
(knob)
L
35 INVERT CH Inversion of CH. II display.
17 TRIG. Input for external trigger signal. (pushbutton
II switch) In combination with ADD button
(BNC
INP. connector) (Pushbutton TRIG. EXT. depressed.) 14 = difference CH. I CH. II.
18 CAL. 1kHz/1MHz Selects calibrator frequency. 36 AC - DC - GD Selects input coupling of the CH II

(pushbutton switch) Button released: approx. 1kHz, (pushbutton switches) vertical amplifier. Specs see .
Button depressed: approx. 1MHz.
37 INPUT CH CH. II signal input and input for
19 0.2V-2V Calibrator square wave output, II
(BNC connector) horizontal deflection in X-Y mode.
(test sockets) 0,2V or 2V .
pp pp
38 Y-POS.II Controls vertical position
20 COMP. Connectors for test leads (knob) of channel II display.
(4mm jacks) of the Component tester.
TESTER Inoperative in X-Y mode.
2 4 10 6 8 12 16
1 35 7 9 14 11 13 17
15
18 19 20 21 24 25 27 28 30 33 35 37 38
22 31
23 26 29 32 34 36

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Table of

Subject to change without notice 1

Bezeichnung / Product name / Designation: Oszilloskop/Oscilloscope/Oscilloscope

Typ / Type / Type: HM303-4

EMV Richtlinie 89/336/EWG ergänzt durch 91/263/EWG, 92/31/EWG

Niederspannungsrichtlinie 73/23/EWG ergänzt durch 93/68/EWG

Angewendete harmonisierte Normen / Harmonized standards applied / Normes harmonisées utilisées

Sicherheit / Safety / Sécurité

Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit / Electromagnetic compatibility / Compatibilité électromagnétique

EN 50082-2: 1995 / VDE 0839 T82-2

EN 50081-1: 1992 / EN 55011: 1991 / CISPR11: 1991 / VDE0875 T11: 1992

Datum /Date /Date Unterschrift / Signature /Signatur

Operating modes: Channel I or II separate,

Automatic: (peak to peak) <20Hz-100MHz (=0.5div.)

HZ20 Adaptor BNC to 4mm binding posts H Spare Cable H

6 Subject to change without notice

Subject to change without notice 7

Subject to change without notice 13

In the example t= 3div. T= 10div.

16 Subject to change without notice

Subject to change without notice 17

18 Subject to change without notice

Subject to change without notice 21

Single Components Single

Short circuit Resistor 510 Junction B-C Junction B-E

Mains transformer prim. Capacitor 33µF Junction E-C FET

Single Diodes In-circuit

Z-diode below 7V Z-diode beyond 7V Diode paralleled by 2 Diodes antiparallel

Rectifier Thyristor, G + A together B-E with 1µF+680 Si.-Diode with 10µF

22 Subject to change without notice

General the screen in accordance with international

26 Subject to change without notice

General of the load is not impossible. Therefore, after switching

28 Subject to change without notice

Channel I: All buttons in the Y section in out

Select trigger mode AT/NORM. button

Apply test signal to the vertical input CH Iand/o CH II.

Subject to change without notice 29

. 1 POWER Turns scope on and off. 21 Switch to convert oscilloscope

2 INTENS Intensity control 22 Y-POS.I Controls vertical position

3 TR Trace rotation. 23 GD - AC - DC Selects input coupling of CH. I

18 CAL. 1kHz/1MHz Selects calibrator frequency. 36 AC - DC - GD Selects input coupling of the CH II

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