Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
SUBDIVISION OF LAND
The subdivision of land is a usual task undertaken by surveyors and
engineers in property surveys. When tracts of land are sold or inherited it is
often necessary to divide it into smaller parcels or into areas having certain
proportions to each other.
There are numerous problems which may arise in the subdivision of
land. The process of subdivision may require the application of the principles
of geometry and trigonometry or the use of special techniques in
computations. Other cases are performed by trial and error methods. This
usually involves an initial assumption such as the starting point or the
direction to be taken by a selected cut off line which will separate a certain
area from the main parcel. Most of the problems encountered are so common
and frequently involved in the working out of more complicated cases.
In this lesson and the succeeding lesson, four of the most common
cases encountered in the subdivision of land will be explained. Thses cases
are:
1.Dividing an area into two parts by a line between two points.
2. Dividing an area by a line running through a point and in a given
direction.
3.To cut off a required area by a line through a given point.
4.To cut off a required area by a line running in a given direction.
For any of the above mentioned cases, a resurvey is run, the latitudes
and departures area determined, the surveyed traverse is balanced, and the
area of the entire tract is computed. When computing the desired subdivision
scheme only the adjusted latitudes and departures area used.
47-2. DIVIDING AN AREA INTO TWO PARTS BY A LINE BETWEEN TWO POINTS.
In Figure 47-1, ABCDEF represents an irregular parcel of land to be divided
into two parts (Tract ABCD and tract DEFA) by a cut off line extending from D
to A.
It is assumed that the length and direction of each course has been
earlier determined, the latitudes and departures computed and adjusted, and
the area of the whole tract computed.
The solution ere is to determine the length and direction of the dividing
line DA by computations, and to calculate the area of each of the two tracts
into which the parcel of land is divided.
Either of the two tracts may be considered as a closed traverse with
the length and direction of side DA unknown.
Considering tract ABCD, the latitudes and departures of AB, BC and CD area
COURSE
AB
BC
CD
DE
EF
FA
ADJ LAT
ADJ DEP
490.71 m
587.12
-327.41
-1002.76
-122.67
375.01
4727
608.89
786.78
218.32
-1116.62
-544.64
0.00
0.00
SUMS
Solution:
a) Determining Area of tract ABCDEF.
(Area of whole traverse):
COURSE
AB
BC
CD
DE
EF
FA
DMD
DOUBLE AREA
47.27
703.43
2099.10
3104.20
2205.90
544.64
SUM
23,195.86
412,997.82
-687,266.33
-3,112,767.59
-270,597.75
204,245.45
-3,430,192.54
2 X AREA = -3,430,192.54
AREA = -1,715,096.27 sq m or
-171.5096 Hectares (Area of tract ABCDEF with negative sign
disregarded)
b) Considering Tract CDEF (Area east of the dividing line).
lat = NL + SL = Lat
cd
+ Lat
fc
de
fc
+Latef + Lat
fc
=0.0
= 0.0
Dep = ED + WD = Dep
cd
+Dep
de
+ Dep
ef
+ Dep
fd
= 0.0
ADJ
LAT
490.71 m
587.12
-327.41
-1002.76
-122.67
375.01
47.27 m
60.89
786.78
218.36
-1116.62
-544.64
0.00
0.00
Solution:
a) Determining Area of tract ABCDEF
COURSE
DMD
AB
BC
CD
DE
EF
FA
DOUBLE AREA
47.27
703.43
2099.10
3104.20
2205.90
544.64
23,195.886
412,997.82
-687,266.33
-3,112,767.59
-270,597.75
207,245.45
2 X AREA = -3,430,192.54
AREA = -1,715,096.27 sq m or
= -171.510 Hectares (Area of tract ABCDEF with negative sign
disregarded)
b) considering Tract EFA
lat = NL + SL = Lat
cd
+ Lat
ae
= 0.0
Lat
ae
de
+Latef + Lat
ae
=0.0
Dep = ED + WD = Dep
cd
+Dep
de
+ Dep
ef
+ Dep
ae
A +E +P = 180
2308 +6905 + 8745 = 180
180 = 180 (Checks)
By Sine Law:
= 0.0
LAT
DEP
LAT CORR
ADJ LAT
ADJ DEP
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.05
DEP
CORR
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
PE
EF
FA
AP
-645.53
-122.67
375.01
393.29
140.55
-1116.62
-544.64
1520.73
-645.58
-122.67
375.01
393.24
140.54
-1116.62
-544.64
1520.72
SUMS
+0.10
+0.02
+0.10
+0.02
0.00
0.00
DMD
PE
EF
FA
AP
140.54
-835.54
-2496.80
-1520.72
SUMS
DOUBLE
AREA
-90,729.81
102,495.69
-936,324.97
-598,007.93
1,522,567.02
2 X AREA = -1,522,567.02
AREA = -761,283.51 sq m or of Tract PEFA with negative sign disregarded
Note: A small amount of error may result in the above computations which,
however us negligible. The error is attributed to the rounding off of values
and in determining the values computed from te sine or cosine of angles.
PROBLEM SETS
In the succeeding pages area different problem sets which area intended to
be worked out by students in this course of study. Each problem set
corresponds to a specific group of lesson modules. They area arranged in a
particular order of presentation and are properly titled to facilitate easy cross
referencing. These problem sets area aimed at helping students attain
enough mastery f the theories and principles discussed in this book.
The problems given have varying degrees of difficulty and area
designed to provide a good balance between theory and applications. Some
problems involve extension of topics presented in the lesson modules which
could not be treated because of space limitations. An attempt should be
INTRODUCTION TO SUREYING
Note: Upon completion of the different lessions listed under this part of your
course of study, you will be required to solve all the problems givin in this set.
The problems may be solved with books, notes , and other references
opened. You may consult your instructors, classmates, and other whom you
feel could help you better understand and solve the problems. You should,
however, refreain from copying previously prepared solutions since this will
only defear the purpose and objectives of this requirement. Althought no time
limit is specified to solve each problem, all solutions and answers must,
howeer, be submitted during the scheduled examination date for the same
group of lesson modules. All solutions must b e done on short size bond paper
and write on one side only.
1. LINEAR MEASUREMENTS. The measured length of airport runways in five
major cities in the Philippines are: 125.00, 1375.50, 1410.75, 1550.25, abd
1750.00 neters. Determine the equivalent length of each runway in
kilimeters, decimeters, and centimeters. Tabulate values accordingly.
2. AREA MEASUREMENTS. Given the dimenstions of the following tracts of
land:
a) 108.75 m by 76.82 m
b) 940.05 m by 1296.73 m
c) 13.36 m by 50.05m
d) 1258.30 m by 624.03 m
e) 8476.55 m by 121.79 m
Determine the area of each tract in square meters, square kilometers, areas,
and hectares.
3. AREA MEASUREMENTS. Given the area and width of the following
rectangular - shaped pieces of property:
a) 2.575 ha and 195.42 m
b) 125.42 sq m and 545.0 cm
c) 0.85 sq kmn and 925.09,
d) 50.0 ares and 100.0 m
e) 42545.19 sq m and 346.72 m
Determine the length of each property in meters
4. VOLUME MEASUREMENTS. Following area dimension, length, width and
depth of five excavated borrow of a highway project:
a) 133.26 m, 35.48 m, abd 18.60 ,
b) 50.05m, 39.25 m, and 7.14 m
c) 243.55 m, 76.18m, and 26.66 m
d) 42.055 m, 8.605 m, and 12.332 m
e) 9.5 m, 6.3m, and 4.9m