Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
f^
OABpew^'''
AN
ENG.-HmD. VOCABULARY
OF 3000 WORDS
OR
BY
CALCUTTA:
PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS.
1911.
?S
\1
TO
THE 40TH (SECOND SOMERSETSHIRE) REGIMENT,
IS AFFECTIONATELY
DEDICATED.
M191397
PREFACE
In vocabulary, 5184 English words are represented by less
this little
than 3000 Hindustani colloquial ones. With the exception of one or two
useful technical terms, the list contains only the common words of the
it is hoped will be considered successful, has been made to give the exact
August, 1911,
INTRODUCTION.
The English language is certainly the most neglected and the most
carelessly spoken and written language in Europe,
If candidates for the Lower Standard and Higher Standard in Hindu-
knew English better, failures in the exercise (i.e. the translation from
stani
'
tomake an onset. Entertain means to support
'
to receive into the ;
amuse ;
to take into consideration ;
to maintain in the mind with favour ;
The meanings of words change because the hfe of the people changes.
Great inventions, great industrial improvements, cause great changes in
language. Great social and political events do the same the French :
Policy once meant only the art of ruling men to-day every
'
meanings. :
phor Greek
(a word meaning transportation) play an important part in
the development, and consequently in the change of meaning, in words:
in fact language develops chiefly by the metaphorical process, i.e., by
1
Vide Abbott's "English Lessons," etc., etc.
VIU INTRODUCTION.
applied to material things are transported to things that are not material
' '
at all. The epithets polished or brilliant applied to the style of a
* '
villager who owned even half an acre of land, who had not, ai some time
or other, been engaged in a law-suit. There is on record a case where
one villager sued another for driving off his cattle, and produced a horde
of witnesses. The defendant admitted the charge, but urged that the
cattle were feeding on his crops he produced an even greater number of
:
Now from what has been said previously, it is obvious that the
changes in meaning of a word in one language, will not exactly correspond
with the changes in meaning in another. Consequently it is impossible to
render exactly any one word in a language, by any one word in another.
Before a word can be translated, its exact meaning or apphcation in the
context must be grasped. Strange to say, candidates oftener make mis-
'
takes in common nouns than in verbs. Peace means tranquillity of
'
given under Peace,' therefore the translation just given was a right
At any rate the case of a candidate who translated Sepoy Ram
* '
one.
was no him " Rdm
Singh match for by Sipdhl Singh us ki diwd-sald,t na
thd must be considered hopeless he should be awarded
;
an old-age pension.
A teacher assumes that his pupil has some education and some intelligence.
In,
" He looked —
up to Heaven and said ," the word lieaven must be
' '
rendered by dstnan, sky, and not by bihisht, which means Paradise. The
puchho misleading, because a pupil used this phrase for the examination
is
of saddles, is, if one might say so, hypercritical. Puchhnd means to ask,
enquire, and it ought to be evident, even to a beginner, that this verb
whole vocabulary may perhaps change during a single man's lifetime, this
is not the case.
Even when two words are identical in meaning, there is, in language,
a constant tendency to differentiate their meanings. Occasionally the
difference in use is one of construction only, as commence and begin, or end
and finish.
'
visage or
*
face*' but the first properly means form, the second appearance, and the
third face. It is correct to say munh dho-lo, but not shakl or surat dho-lo.
A certain Hindustani translation was returned by a military officer
'
with the criticism that the word '
but by the commoner word nd-ddnt ^>tilj. It was stated that the opinions
of experienced officers had' been taken. Now this objection alone proves
the danger of trusting blindly to a dictionary. The English word
'
igno-
'
rance must be rendered by at least three Hindustani words according to
'
'
^>*il)
means ignorance of a matter, being uninformed
. or unacquainted
with an occurrence. Be-khabari ^j^ ^^^. has also, incorrectly, the same
meaning as Id-Hlml, but properly it means " unguardedness or careless-
ness." All four words are intelligible to uneducated Muslims and ev^ii
tomost Hindu chaprasis. In the translation in question nd-ddnl would
have been a grave error.
Illiterate Indians have a far wider vocabulary than is generally
supposed.
Eozy,) Pers. means a day, i.e. a space of 24 hours. Din ^^ Hindi
means either a space of 24 hours, or else the hours of daylight, and
hence metaphorically sun. Therefore din ke waqt d,o must be said and not
roz ke waqt d,o.
pardon must therefore be expressed by mdngnd and not puchhnd. He ' '
key,'
'
but often there is a
slight difference implied in the meaning, thus nadt in Hindi is the equiva-
lent of daryd in Persian ;
but in Urdu nadi always means a stream or a
5ma// river :
chift-mdr "a bird-catcher" means a Hindu bird-catcher
while mtr-shikdr always means a Muslim one.
can be used for the capture of a town but for the capture of, say ;
^ >-» ^ <f f is
Imprudent ; given
instead of the better but high-flown nd-'dqibat-andesh ^rJ^^Jt o^Ut.
Donot be contented with looking up a word and accepting the first
equivalent without understanding exactly its meaning. For instance
drdm-talab ^Jlb ^ijf and aysh-pasand ^-o Ji*^o may both mean
' " luxuri-
" and the latter
ous," but the former means " loving- ease "loving-
pleasure."Again, though pdyddr ;iJ^b and der-pd b^Ji both mean
'
means "permanent " (i.e. lasting for many years as buildings, etc.), while
the latter means " lasting for some little time
"
(as cloth, shoes, etc.).
Much unnecessary labour will be saved if the chapter on intensive
" "
compound verbs in my Hindustani Manual (p. 80) is mastered, as
I Hindus
say chabl, H., while Muslims usually use kunji, H. Kalld Pers. is, in
Urdu, used only metaphorically.
INTRODUCTION. XI
may be seen by studying the words for "abolish" [utha-dend Iv^ l^jf ,
Some '
purists and pedants, have suggested, that as sepoys use vulgar and
incorrect forms, these incorrect forms only should be inserted in a
vocabulary for military officers. Let me here point out to these critics,
that if a word has more than one form, it is as well to learn the
correct form there is generally only one correct form, while the corrupt
;
forms vary with the district. I should, too, like to ask these critics
whether, if they were compiling an elementary English Vocabulary for
the use of foreign officers attached to a British Regiment, they would
insert such forms as 'ot and acrost instead of hot and across. It is not
for a moment insinuated that vulgar or archaic forms are uninteresting
or valueless, but it is maintained that they are out of place in a beginner's
vocabulary.
A much interested in Hindustani suggested that a collo-
staff officer
commoner than the Sanskrit istri. The omitting from Hindustani of all
Arabic and Persian words, may be compared to the omitting from English
of all words of Latin and Greek origin.
means asafoetida, if you taste and smell the substance when first learning
This is, of course, an extension only, of thp direct method.'
'
its name.
Whenlooking out a word, the student must not take the first equi-
valent he meets: he should not only read tlirough all the equivalents
given for one English word, but also all those given under EngHsh words
from the same root. He should, further, refer to any reference that may
be given to another word.
The system employed is the Hunterian.^
of transliteration To
tiansliterate must be borne in mind that every letter in the
correctly, it
Persian and Arabic alphabets is a consonant and that the weak consonants
alif, ivdw, and ya become vowels only when they are letters of prolonga-
tion, i.e. only when the letter preceding them is pointed with a short
they think ( ) :
hterated by 'a. This is a very great error. The sign for e is an inverted
comma only. Note the way the word »-i-jUr is transliterated. First the
then, as the alif prolongs this sound of a, a long accent is added over it,
thus a next the alif (here a vowel) is silent,' i.e. it is not followed by a
;
'
short vowel; next the consonant <^ is represented by y\ the faihah over
1
H\ng f}a,i magar ics kl bu na ga,l isa proverb.
5 It sliould be n;>ted that the final a of Hindi masculine nouns often becomes
in Urdu a, thus raja becomes raja.
Thus it is better to transliterate
'^
% by hai than by h'ly, which latter is not
the correct pronunciation, than by the Urdu j^*. To get over a difficulty the
some modern Urdu books half a l5" is adopted to express the (final) ai diphthong of
the Hindi.
* In Hindi, however, it is correct to write au.
INTRODUCTION. xHi
then short i (the kasra), which is then prolonged into i by the ?/. A^
/
also prolongs the sound of _£__, thus y tu. The o sound is peculiar to
'
Hindi (or old Persian) as in y to. This o is a Hindi sound and has no
corresponding letter in the Arabic alphabet. A ^ not preceded by any
short vowel has been adopted for the sound. A similar rule holds good
with regard to the e sound of ^.
Hamza
generally represented by a comma on the line.
is It is not
a bad plan to give its Arabic form in the Romanized word, thus ja^ida. If
a whole tome has been written on the Greek particle de, several tomes could
be written on the Arabic hamza. In Arabic, the sign hamza (but not the
•sound) is an additional letter of the alphabet. In Urdu it may be
nine. This final », silent in Urdu and Persian but not silent in Arabic, is in
Nouns ending in t
preceded by a long alif are generally masculine, as
hat m. market place (for weekly or bi-weekly market).
Most Hindi Verbal nouns obtained by dropping the infinitive termina-
tion are feminine, as mar f. *' beating." Hence Persian verbals are all
'*
feminine, as zad beating."
Hindi verbals in o and w are masculine, as chaThd,o m. "ascent,"
'*
chalan m, gait, character."
Most nouns, abstract or concrete, in d,o are masculine, as ghdfi, pild,o,
*' '* **
cUd,o'' bon-fire," etc. but wa,o ship ;
is feminine and chd,o affection."
Persian ver?)a/5 in sh are feminine, as ddnish "wisdom," koahish
••
endeavour."
The gender of an Arabic, Persian, or English word is, in Hindustani,
often determined by the gender of the Hindi Synonym fahm Ar. is :
lakir. This rule does not generally apply if the word has a masculine
form. Kamdn " command " is feminine because kamdn "bow is.^ ' '
Arabic words of the form or measure Jj^>^ are feminine, as to' Z*m
**
(^JUj) teaching, instruction," but «^ij^*3 an amulet is masculine.
Arabic words in Hindustani of other forms or measures are mascuUne
or feminine according to their measure, but their gender in Urdu has no
connection with their gender in Arabic. Detailed rules will be found in
the grammars.
Many words fall under no rule. Some few words vary in gender
according to their meaning, so that the gender alone indicates *heir mean-
ing.
Many words are of common gender as dushman, dost, madad-gdr
etc.
par-ddr "winged."
Bar-ddr " carrying,
" as "
huqqa-harddr
*
*'
Go "saying," a& ziydda-go a babbler, one that babbles too much."
Nishm " "
sitting," as sadr-nishln sitting in the sadr or presidential
seat, chairman."
Bin * ' '
as dur-hin " far-seeing also a telescope or binoculars
"
seeing,' ; ;
D. C. P.
English = Hindustani Vocabulary.
About, idhar udhar, here and there : ird gird or chdron taraf, on all sides :
qarib qarib or ko,%, nearly, q.v. ;
-ke bdre men or -H hdbat (concerning).
(filthy) :
gait galauj {mutual filthy abuse) burd bhald kahnd (ordinary
:
Access, samd,t, f.(met., to places); ra8d,t, f., and pahunch, f. (to persons
and places) ; pahunchnd (to have access to).
Accident, /»adt«a; 'vide 'Event: f^t/ag, chance.
Accompany, sdth jdnd ( him or them; to go with); — sdth chalnd (to start
with me) sdth ho-lend (to come along with).
;
According to ,
— ke mutabiq — ke muwdfiq. ;
Accordingly, chundnchi.
Accost, toknd {also to challenge of sentries; find fault with, check).
Account, hisdh, m. (likhnd) (of money) baydn, m. (narration)
: : kist tarah
nahm (on no account) : hisdb chukdnd or he-bdq kamd (to settle
accounts).
Account-book, hisdh-bahi.
Accountable, jawdb-dih (responsible).
Accoutrements, kil-kdntd, n., mil. (in eludes arms; also met. = *
various
belongings ').
Accumulate, jama* k. (or A.).
Act, qdnun, and ikat (law) : khudd k% bat or Ichudd,i kdr-khdna, act of
God.
Action, kiyd ; 'amal, m. fi'l, m. (also
= verb): harakai
; (spec, bad ac-
tion; also in a general sense = movement).
Addition, j karnd, lit. to widen (to add to a house, garden, etc.) \jam4i' :
subs., f. addition].
Address, nishdn (also = sign; signal; mark; trace; banner; nishdna =
target): nam o nishdn: patd (also = trace) thikdnd (also = resting- :
place ; limit) :
patd, thikdnd.
Address, to, kisi ko mukhdtab karnd, to speak to.
Adhere, chipaknd or satnd (as of a stamp) bdt par arnd or jamnd (to ad-
—
:
ions).
Adherence, pairavi (relig.) ; Idg lapet, f.
Adhesive, chipakne-wdld.
Adieu, to bid, se rukhsat hond— : Khudd Hdfiz kahnd (to say
'
God be thy
guardian ') widd' karnd. :
Adjoin, us kd ghar mere ghar se mila hu,d hai his house adjoins mine =
baghal men.
Adjourn, to, uthd-rakhnd ; (but uthd-dend to abolish).
"
Adjournment, ^osmaTi," Eur. (of cases).
Administer, intizdm, m.
Admire, waq'at kl nigdh se dekhnd, vide Approve and Praise.
Admit, dne dend (a person) mdn-lend or qabul karnd allow. :
detl hai the mother adores her son vide Dote and Devoted, ;
Advantage, fd,ida (uthdnd) nafa' : nafa' nuqsdn profit and loss, advan-
;
.7..
Advertisement,
*
. !
S
ishtihdr dend.
[mahabbatx affectionate].
Affix, lagdnd.
Aforesaid, mazkur.
Afresh, 7Mi,e sir se,
After, Iba^d dkhir (after
; pichhe ; all).
Afterwards,
Afternoon, tisrd pahar, m. :
si-pahar, f.
Again, phir ; do-bdra ; har dam or bar bar again and again.
Against, khildf or bar Tchildj,
Age, 'umr, f. ; sinUy m. ; burhdpd old age za'ifi {not weakness, which is ;
22*7) •"
nd-bdligJi,, adj. under age zamdna or muddat (a long time) bdl
: :
Aged, sinn-ddr.
Agent, ajant Eng. : wakll ; gumdshta.
Aggressor, pahal karnd (to be the ).
Ail, to, umh bad maza kai or tabVat bad-maza hai : bad-mazagi, subs.
Aim, shist or nishdn bdndhnd : vide Object.
Air, hawd, f. ;
vide Fume :
khiydli pild^o pakdnd to build castles in the air.
Air, to, hawd khildnd ; dhup dhikhdnd : hawd khdnd to take the air apne
ko dur khinchtd hai (he gives himself airs but apne ko dur rakhnd ;
— :
Alarm, daghdagha (fear combined with doubt) shor machdnd to give the :
Alert, hoshydr (also = sober, not drunk; in one's proper senses, after a
faint; clever, i.e., full of hosh or senses); chaukas ; chaukannd {lit,
four- eared) beddr nmghz (of Governors or Officers, etc.) vide Shout.
:
;
Alight at,
—par utarnd^ but ja^ah men utarnd.
Alike, ek tarah kd :
yak-sdn (much alike) hil-kull yaksdn (identical) : : unkl
shaklen milti julti \ain (or ek dusn se milti hain).
Alive, jitd ; zinda ; jitd jdgtd alive and kicking.
All, sab ; sab ke sab one and all: sdrd, adj. mutlaq na (not at all) :
— :
kuchh bhl nahln nothing at all jo kuchh mujh se ho-saktd hai yih hai
—
ki all that I can do for you is
:
Allowable, jdyiz.
Allowance, bhattd, m. travelling allowance (from bhdt, m. boiled rice) :
Allude, ishdra karnd : uskd ishdra meri taraf thd he alluded to me : is lafz
se uskd matlab bdwarchi thd by this term he meant the cook.
Almanack, jantrl, f.
^^^ 6 AMO
Almond, badam: bddami, adj. almond-coloured, i.e., tan; also almond-
shaped.
Almost, qarib qarib.
Alms, Jdiairat, f., sing. (Muslim) dan, f. or dan-pun m. (Hindu). :
,
Although, agarchi Una bard adml ho-kar umh giharur nahin kartd although
:
Alum, phitkiri, f.
Ambassador, elchl.
Ambiguous, muhham :
pechlda confused, entangled : do-ma' nq, vulg. (with
two meanings).
Ambition, hausala, m. {lit. crop) ; himmat, f. (also = courage and persever-
ance).
Ambitious, 'all himmat ; 'dli hausala ; hausalamand (of noble ambition) :
vide Courage :
dunyd-talab (ambitious in a bad sense).
Amble, ruhdl or rahwdr chalnd (of an easy artificial amble).
Ambuscade, kisi ki ghdt men baithnd or rahnd :
ghat or kamih-gdh, f.
(place ).
Amiable khush-mizdj.
Amicable, dostdna, adj. and adv.
Amidst, —
ke bich {men) : ke dar miydn. —
Ammunition, goli bdrut, m.
Amnesty, 'dmm mu'dfi (general pardon).
Among, vide Amidst.
AMO 7 ANT
Ancient, qadtm :
ogle zamdne ke log the ancients.
Anecdote, vide Story.
Angel, firislita.
Anger, ^ussa {k. and h.), subs, and adj. ; khafd {k. and h.) :
khafgl, f.
Animosity, kina.
Ankle, takhna, m.
Annihilate, nest o ndhud karnd ;
*
vide
'
Exterminate.
Anniversary, sdl-girah, f. (also birthday).
Announce, khabar dend : vide Cry.
Announcement, ittild, f. (d.) inform: wc?e Advertisement : i'ldn, m. (public).
Annual, sdldna.
Anoint, chwparnd grease. 200
Anonymous, gum-ndm.
Another, ek aur ; dusrd a second: pardyd, adj. another's, not one's own
property.
Answer, jawdb dend (also = to dismiss a servant) : is se merd kdm chalegd
this will answer my purpose vide Curt. :
Antagonism, mukhdlafat.
Antelope, haran or hiran, m., and harm, f., the Indian Antelope or Black-
buck.
Antecedents, qabl ka Jidl.
ANX 8 ARM
Anxiety, '\ande8?ia, m. ; fikr, f. anxious thought : soch, f, ditto. : fikr-
Anxious, J mand anxious.
Any, kisi na kisi tarah anyhow : kahlii anywhere :
[kahlrir^na nowhere].
Apart, jvdd ; alag ; *alqhida.
Aperient, julldb.
Apologize, mu'dfi mdngnd or chdhnd, .:
Apparatus, sdmdn.
ADoarentiv f
^^^*'' ^^^^^ clear) ;
zdhir-an or dekhne men (apparently).
*
Appeal,
*
Appear, m^t'lum hond ; zdhir hond ; dikha,i dend : vakil hond to appear
for .
Apple, seb :
sharlfa or sitd-phal (custard- apple).
'
Applicant, darkhwdst-kame-wdld
'
: vide Candidate.
Appoint, muqarrar karnd ; thdhrdnd.
Appointment, naukari : *uhda, m. rank.
Apprehend, giriftdr karnd ; pakarnd ; vide Arrest ; girijtdri, subs.
Apprentice, shdgrid (also = pupil).
Appropriate, to, apndnd to make one's own : makhsus karnd to make
special ;
vide Fitting, Right.
Arbiter, '\sdlis (Ar., lit. "third"): panoh^ m., gen., vide Umpire:
Arbitration, J sdlisl (k.) arbitration.
Arch, mihrdb, f. ;
mihrdb-ddr adj. arched. ,
Argue, bahs, f. {k.) : daUl, f. {lit. proof) {k.) (but dalU Idnd to cite a proof)
Arid, be-db.
Arise, uthnd (to get up) :
paidd hond (
—happen, etc.).
Arithmetic, hisdb.
Arm, bdzu (prop, upper arm): hdth hand, fore-arm; fore-leg in horses :
Arms, hathydr ;
asliha.
Armoury, silah-khdna.
Arm- pit, haghal, m. the oxter {also side, half of the breast of a bird).
Arrow, iir :
tlr-partdb the distance of a bowshot.
Artificer, kdrl-gar.
Artificial, bandwatl :
Artillery, top-khdna, m.
^^
/ / I charhnd
'
: charhd.i or char1id,o, m. ascent.
Ascent, )
(^«^^«)-
Ascribed, }^«^«^^
'
Ashamed (to be), sharminda (hond) : vide"" Shy.
Ashes, rdkh, f. :
[rdkh-ddn ash-tray].
Aside, alag apart : ek taraf or kindre :
apne dp se or dhista (in a stage
whisper).
Ask, puchhnd (with se to ask, but with ko to ask after or to care about) :
mdngnd to ask for sawdl k. (also = to beg) kisi kd kdl darydjt karnd
: :
Atom, zarra, m.
Atone, kaffdra, m. (d.)
{ upon) ;
—
ki himdr-ddri, k. (on a sick person).
Attraction, kashish, f.
(physical) : dil-kashi or lubhd,o (charm).
Avarice, U^y^ f.
.
• * ^^ans,» adj.
. j
Avaricious, J
Avaunt, dur ho !
drum).
Awful, haibat-ndk.
Awkward, bhaddd (in shape, slow and awkward in movement) : andri
(half-taught).
Awning, chdndnl for bed in summer: sd^e-bdn, m. :
ahdmydna (very large
and on poles).
Axe, kulhdri.
Azure, dsmdni.
B
Babe, shir-khwara bachcha.
Bachelor, bin-biydhd ; kunwdrd ; muflis.
Back, pith f pith phernd to turn the back
.
;
: mere pichhe behind my back :
wdpas, adv.
'
Balcony, bdld-hhdna.
Bald, chandld^ i.e., having no hair on the cAan<^? or crown of the head;'
ganjd (from disease scald-headed) phlkd {lit. insipid of literary :
;
style).
Ball, gold, m. (large) ; goU^ i. (small; also a pill): gend, f.
Banana, keld, m.
Band, baind-bdjd (of music) : toll ; guroh^ m. :
jamd'at, f .
(of people).
Bandage, pattl, f.
Banish, des-nikdld karnd ; or jald watan karnd (from country) vide Exile :
" on a small ;
was closed) kauriyon ke mol, adv. (to get as a bargain, i.e., dirt-
:
cheap) :
ghatd,o barhd,o karnd (to bargain not in a bad sense as to ;
haggle, q.v.)
Bark, chhdl, f. (of tree): bhaunknd (to
— ;
of dogs).
Barren, be-phal (of trees) bdnjh (of woman) bahld (of animals) usar or
: : :
Beast, jdnivar ; haiwdn (animal) darinda {lit. tearing, rending ; any beast :
Beat, mdrnd (also = to kill): pTtnd : herpher ki bdten karnd, to beat about
the bush :
bajdnd (beat a drum): main hdr-gayd — Vm dead beat, I
give in.
'
{lit. to hold out the hand i.e., beg for alms) vide Entreat. ;
:
Blocks ").
Beginning, shuru^ m. ibtidd, : f. :
sird, m. (head, end, of material things).
1
But, halu, f., sand.
BEH 15 BIB
Behalf, meri taraf or men zahdni (from or on behalf of me) : men khdtir or
mere haqq men (for me).
Behave, shayistagi se rahnd (of children) : vide Treat.
Believe, mdnnd; bdwur karnd : iman Idnd (of convert to Islam) i'tiqdd, :
Bend, jhuknd, intr., and jhukdnd, tr., to bend down, stoop, etc. :
mornd, to
give a turn or twist to : vide Crooked.
nity to .
Benefactor, muhsin.
Beneficent, fayydz [very generous, from faiz, munificence).
Beneficial, m^/idl .• sud-mand ; fd^ida-mand.
Benefit, to, fd,ida karnd (of medicine) fd,ida pahunchdnd (of persons)
—se fd,ida uthdnd (to be benefited by) vide Favour.
:
:
:
Between,
—ke dar miydn or — ke bich {men) ('* between
" or
"
amongst").
Beverage, pine ki chiz.
Bewilder, ghdbrdnd hairdn karnd (also to astound).
;
Beyond, — se
pare, prep. 2>arli taraf, adv. and prep., yih meri tdqat se
:
Bid, boH bolna (at an auction, q,v. ) : vide Invite and Order.
Bigoted, muta^assih :
ta'assuh, bigotry.
* '
Bill, bil, Eng. ;
hisab : vide Beak.
Bind, bdndhna : kasna, to tighten; jild bdndhnd, to bind books: vide
Compel.
Binder, j^d-gar.
Binoculars, dur-bin, gen., also telescope : do-nali or do-dnkht, adj., binocular.
Bird, chiryd, f.
(gen. small) [chifi sparrow] :
panchhl or paranda (prop, any
flying animal).
Birth, paiddyish, f. ; janam, f., Hindi.
Birthday, janam-din, m., H. ; sdl-girah, f., P.
'
Biscuit, biskut, m. :
*
vide Brittle.
Bison, amd.
Bit, dahdna, m. (curb) :
qaza^i, f. (snaffle) : vide Morsel, Piece.
maur, mango-blossom.
Blot, da^, any spot or blemish : dhabba (wet blot) : vide Disgrace and
Erase.
tan ; jism.
Bogey, hawwd, f. ; 6^*,^ ; bichd (to frighten children).
Boil, phord : bdl-tor (produced by the breaking of a hair) : vide Band and
Corpse.
Boil, to, ubalndy intr., and ubdlnd, tr. ; josh khdnd, intr., and josh dend, tr.
3
BOR 18 BRE
Borrow, udJidr or qarz lend (with dend = to lend) (of money only) :
'driyat
lend (of tilings for use) ;mangnl lend.
Bosom, vide Breast pet k% :
bdten, bosom secrets : dill dost (sincere friend);
d^nt kdti rotl-khdne-wdld dost (bosom friend).
Both, donon ; har do : vide' Also.
*
vide Salute.
(bowl at cricket).
Bowstring, vide Cat-gut.
Box, pet} or sanduq (large ; spec, wooden chest) :
^anduqcha (smaller; also
= desk) sanduqchl
:
(still smaller; a wooden casket) :
dibiyd, f.
(very
small, as snuff box, etc.).
q.v.) : Idthi mdr mdr-kar uskd bhejd nikdld (I brained him with ray
Idthl).
Bran, chokar, m. (of wheat) : bhusi (of other grain) :
\bhusd chopped
straw].
Branch, shdkh (of tree, river, railway): tahniy f. (twig).
Brand, dd(^ Idgdnd (with hot iron) dhabbd lagdnd (with something wet ; ;
Breadth, chaurd,l :
pdt (spec, of river) ; *arz (spec, of cloth).
Break, tornd (to snap) phornd (break a hole) tor tdr k. (of many things)
: : :
(break into bits) phutnd (to break forth, to burst) sendh d. (of
: :
nikalnd (to break in a horse, educate it) roza kholnd (to break one's :
down) : torke kholnd (break open) : hdth churdkar hhdgnd (break away,
as a thief) : break a person of a habit) hawd
kist se 'ddat churdnd (to ;
Brethren, bhd,i-band.
Brevity ikhtisdr
,
:
[mitMtosar brief].
Brief, vide Brevity khuldsa, subs, and adj. Jchuldsd yih hai ki
:
briefly ;
— — .
Brigade, briged, f. :
fauj-bandi karnd, to brigade.
Bright, chamak-ddr {k.) chamklld {k.) (shining) raushan (clear
;
: ;
of day, or
face also well-lighted = i^/a^a)
; sdf (of sky). .•
Broom.
Bubo, bdghi, f. [hond) (venereal only) :
gilti {uchhalnd) (of plague, etc.).
Buck, hamdy m., black-buck, vide Deer :
kandhimdmd, to buck (of a horse).
Bucket, bdltl, a stable- bucket.
Buckle, baksu,d, m., Eng. {lagdnd) : su,i (the tongue of the buckle ; lit,
needle).
Buff, shuturi rang, lit. camel-coloured; vide Fawn and Brown.
Buffalo, bhains, f. (generic) : bhainsd (bull- buffalo).
Bug, khatmaly m. :
gandhl, f.. that which flies at night.
600 Bugle, bigul, m., Eng. {bajdnd).
Build, bandnd ; uthdnd.
Building, makdn, gen. :
Hmdrat, f. (of large buildings only).
Bunch, guchchhd, m. (of grapes, flowers, keys, etc.) : khosha {oi gTa,pes;
also an ear of corn).
Bury, gdrna, tr., gen. (to cover with earth) mittt dend or dafn karnd (of :
corpse) :
gare murde ko ukhernd {lit. to root up a corpse = to revive for-
gotten quarrels).
Bush, jhdr^ m. or jhdrl, f. :
jhdr-ddr, adj.
Busy, kdm men lagd hu,d hai he's busy = men mashgjiul hai ; kdmi Mm
(hard-working, of big officials) kdm kdju (of servants). :
cruelty).
Butt, kunda (of rifle or Idthl) smg mdrnd (to butt with one horn) dhuns
: :
mama (to dash with the head as fighting- rams, a rhinocerus, etc.)
Butter, makkhaUf m. [chupamd).
Butterfly, titli or titri.
Button-hole, kdj,m.
Buttress, pushta, m. {hdndhnd).
Buy, mol'lend ; hharidnd.
* '
Buyer, gdhak ; Jchariddr ; lene-wdld : vide Customer.
Buzz, bhinbhindnd (of fly, wasp).
By and by, tkahar-ke.
Byre, gd,o-sdld.
Calamity, bald, f.
(spec, public) :
dfat, gen. : vide Misfortune.
'
and pariyd f. (of buffalo) (pindli kl) machhli (of leg) vide Biceps.
: :
'
Shriek, Cry dhandhord pitnd (by a public crier with drum) manddl
: :
(proclaim by crier in any way) ndm leke pukdrnd (to call by name) : :
Khudd kd ndm lend (to call on God) milne ko (or muldqdt ko) jdnd :
(call at a person's house) ndm ba-ndm pukdrnd (to call over the :
names = hdziri lend) bdz-purs karnd or jawdb talab karnd (to call to
:
account).
Calm, tJnr (of water) :
dil-jama' (of mind) : vide Silent.
CAL 22 CAP
Calm, dhima or thandd kamd and bithdnd (anger) bujhdnd (thirst also :
;
put out fire) halkd or kam kamd (to lighten or lessen pain) dhimd
:
:
to ghahrdhat).
Callicraohv I
^^^"^^^* •'
khush-navisi or khush-khatti Calligraphy. ,
Camel, unty m. f untni, f., H. : shutur. P.: sdndhni (female ridi ng- camel ) :
mdr% (in Punjab ; female riding-camel) nakel, f. and mahdr, f. (nose
:
string, etc.).
Candle-stick, shama'-ddn.
Candour, sdf-go,i (in speech) :
khard-pan (straightforwardness of speech or
dealings).
Candy, kuza misri (sugar-candy).
Cane, bed, bet, or bent, f. (mdmd or lagdnd) tr., and bent khdnd or —par
parnd, intr.): ukhoiikh (thin sugarcane): gannd (gen. term, sugar-
cane).
Cannibal, ddam-khor : (fkul (a ghoul): rdkas (for Hindi rdshds, a cannibal
demon) wuh bard rdkas hai = he will eat anything) aghort or aghor-
;
:
Capable, qdbil.
Capacious, jis men gunjd,ish bahut hai.
Capacity, gunjd,ish, f. ; sanm,%, f .
; pet, m. {lit. belly).
CAP 23 CAR
Caper, to, hakar-kud (f.) k. (spec, of goats) uchhal-kud (f.) k. (to skip of :
;
'
talcht (of a country where the throne is) ddr'' s-saltanat (may be of
;
:
a province).
Capture, giriftdri (of persons): phasdnd, verb, (of animals; lit. to en-
tangle) pakarnd (to catch)
;
: le-lena or faiah (k.) (of a town).
Caravan, ^ 7
- - -/?/ 1
- - - £
P
'
ytcaravan, m. ; qafila, m. :
karavansara, f., caravansary.
Care,
— kikhabar leva or Ichabar-ddri karnd (to look after) khabar-giri ;
mujhe zarra bht parwd nahin (I don't care in the least) fikr, f. or :
chinta, f.
(anxiety, q.v.) vide Charge, Custody. :
Carelessness, ghaflat, f. :
be-parwd,t.
Caress, pydr k. (also to love) : duldr pydr k. (with actions only ;
vide
Stroke) : chummd chat k. (kissing and caressing).
Cargo, bojh, m. ;
and bar, m. (
= load).
Caricature, Jchdka urdnd (by oral description or by drawing).
Carnivorous, gosht-hhwdr.
Carpenter, ba/rhd,l : mistri (also blacksmith).
pile) :
shatranjl (finer than a dari ; lit. for playing shatranj or chess) :
for riding or driving includes elephants and dulls, etc. sawdrl is also
; ;
Carrot, gdjarj m.
Carry le-jdnd and le-chalnd (without ne) uthd le-chalnd (to carry away) : :
dkond (to carry a load, to bear on the head, back, or shoulder): le-
ufnd (to run away with a woman) le-bhdgnd (to carry off) ta^mil : :
karnd or ha-jd Idnd or 'amal men Idnd (to carry into effect) jdrl :
rakhnd or chaldnd (to manage affairs) anjdm dend or piird karnd (to :
Case, gj^ildf (of cloth) khdna (if not soft also a compartment)
: vide : :
Affair.
700 Cash, n^qd, subs., m. or naqdt, f., subs, or adj. rokar-hisdb (cash-account) : ;
Cast, phenknd or mdrnd or phenk mdrnd (with force) ddlnd (to let drop or
—
:
jatdnd (to cast in one's teeth, remind of kindnesses but ta'na dend ;
of other things).
Caste, jdt, f., gen , prop, zdt : baran, m. (of Hindus only nich zdt, adj : :
Cauliflower, phul-gobl.
=
Cause, sabab, m. (pi. as6a6 = causes, but as a singular baggage) :
wajh,
f. baHs ; 'vide' Reason, Motive.
;
Cavern, ghdr, m.
Ceaselessly, vide Continuously.
Ceiling, chhat, i. (roof or ceiling) :
chhat-parda (the ceiling-cloth under
thatch).
Celebrate, mandnd (of any joyous festival khushi mandnd, to ;
make merry)
but bydk or shddi rachdnd (of a marriage).
Celebrated, mashhur.; mashhur o ma'ruf ; ndnii or ndm-war (famous).
Celebration, vide Occasion and Celebrate shddi kl dhum dhdm ke waqt :
Certainly, be-shakk (without doubt) : albatta ; aur kyd (what else, of course).
Certainty, yaqin, m.
Certificate, sdrtifikat, m. and f. ; chitihl, f . :
sanad, f.
making a purchase).
Change, to, phir-jdnd (of season or circumstances) :
hadalnd, tr. and intr.
(to change one's clothes, goods at a shop) : hadll karnd (to put in the
place of ;
of sentries, regiments, horses in a relay) :
badal-jdnd, intr.,
and badaUdend, tr. (to be changed, and to be changed for by mistake) :
odllbadR k. (to exchange) tordnd (of money) but tornd (to give back :
;
Changeable, kahhx kuchh kabhi kuchh ; ghan men told ghafi men mdsha (in
temper, or in constitution).
Channel, ndld, m. (large) {bandnd or kdtnd) ; nail (small ;
also a tube) :
'
rah vide
: Stream and Drain.
'
*' " lena (to take over charge) vide Custody, Care
chdrij Idgat (total ;
:
Charge, hamla or halla {k.) (attack of Cav. or Inf.) jhapat, f. (parnd) (to- :
Chartered, sanad-ydfta.
Chase, vide Pursue and Hunt.
Chaste, 'ismat-ddr or pdk-ddman (spec, of women) pdk (gen. of look^ :
;
Chatter, to, gap hdnknd (of idle or false chatter) bak bak (f.) or bakvds (f.) :
women) bolnd (of birds) ten ten karnd (of parrots also of the cry
: .
;
" dardz
", m. (of drawers) sma, m. or chhdti, f. (the breast) chhdti- : :
vide Champ.
^^^^^ (^^ domestic fowl vide Eyess) patthd (a poulet also a
:
;
Chick (
;
Chicken '
squab of a pigeon, or a young wrestler) murghd, cock and :
;
Chief, \^sarddr,
m. (leader), and sarddran, sarddrin, or sarddrm, f. :
Child, bachcha, m. (boy or girl) : vide Children : vide Boy and Girl ;
ummed
se hond, to be with child.
Chimney, chimni, f., Eng. (spec, of oil-lamps) : dud-kash or bambd (of fire-
place).
i.e., of the colour of the blossom of the well-known mahu,a or mahuwa tree,
1
the fruit of which is so attractive to bears. Teliya as though oil had been rubbed on
it:
teliya kumet, dark bay.
CHI 28 CIT
Chin, ihuddi.
China, chtnl ke bartan, etc. (the ware) : Ghtn (the country) :
chinr, atlj.
(Chinese).
Chink, jhanjhanahcU ,
f. (of coins).
Choke, gala ghotnd, tr. : narett dabdnd: dam ghutne lagd (in eating).
'
Circulate, ghumna, intr. (of people) : chalnd (of money) : chaldnd and jdri
karnd : daurdn karnd (of blood) : vide Publish.
(in easy circumstances opp. to tang-Jmll) : yih Jmldt par mauquf hai ;
Citron, khattd.
City, shahr, m. :
nagar, m. :
— nh^d and — pHr (in compounds).
CIV 29 CLO
Civil, mulki (as opposed to jangi) : diwdni (as opposed to faujddrl or crimi-
nal) :
hhdnajangi (civil war) : vide Polite.
Claim, da'wq k.
to,
Clear (away) hatdnd or dur karnd (obstacles) ; vide Solve and Acquit :
—
se sdf tapnd (in a jump) dsmdn khul-jdnd (of the weather). :
Clerk, kaldrak, Eng. : munshi and bdbu (mod. usages) muharrir (now gene- :
"
also
" active "
cunning" ; q.v.)
Cleverness, hoshydri chaturd} ; sydnd-pan ; chdldki.
;
Climate, hawd, f. ;
db o Tiawd.
Climb,
— par charhnd.
Cling, to,
—se chimat-jdnd :
lipatnd (entwine; also to cling to).
Clip, to, chhdntnd (slightly also to thin out)
; katarnd : (to : cut with
scissors) ,
vide Cut.
Close, bhernd (set ajar, of doors) band k. (shut) hisdb band karnd (close : :
vide Clod.
Cloth, kapra.
Clothe, kaprO' 'dena (the poor) :
kapfd pahndnd : rott kapfd dend (to feed
and clothe).
Clothes, kapre, pi. :
libas, m. (raiment) :
poahdk, f.
(wearing apparel).
Cloud, hddal, m. hadU, f. ahr, m. (all gen.)
; ghatd, ; : f. (thick cloud) :
Clove, laung, f.
Club, lath, m. and Idthi^ f. (a heavy stick, long and often bound with brass):
kalab, m. and kalab-ghar, m., Eng. (social club).
Clue, paid, m. (also = address) {milnd, pdnd; lagdnd) : surdgji, m.
Clumsy, hhaddd (ungainly, i.e., awkward-looking and slow in movement) :
Cluster, gJtuncha (bandhnd) (of flowers, etc; a bunch of grapes, keys, stars) :
Coagulate, jamnd^ intr. and jamdnd, tr. (to clot, curdle, congeal).
Coal, patthar kd ko^eld : angdrd (a live coal, ember); kdld-ko,eld (coal-
black).
Coarse, moid (not fine also fat) ;
: vide Unrefined :
motd-pan or motd.i
(coarseness ; also fatness).
Coast, samundar kd kindra.
Coat, koty m. (Eng. pattern) :
kurtd, kurtt (gen.).
* *
Coax, phusldnd ; vide Cajole.
Cobbler, chamdr (a caste) : mochi (one that makes boots).
Cobweb, mxikri kd jdld.
Cock, murghd : asil-murgh (game-cock) apni gaU men kuttd bhi sher hai :
(
= every cock is proud on his own dung- hill) ghord (cock of a gun) : :
chirye ke holte (
= cock-crow).
Cock-fighting \
^^^^"^^^ •
'>nur^-bdzi (cock-fighting).
Coffin, tdbut, m. (also means bier Muslims seldom bury in coffins, which ;
'
Cognizance, sundyt {hond) :
*
vide Power.
Cohabit, suhbat karnd ; ham-bistar hond.
Cold, thandd (also passionless) thandd paid (very cold, of any- ; sard :
ague) :
jdre, pi. the cold season) sardi, f. or zukdm, m. (the dis- :
Collar, pattd or paid (of dog, etc.) halqa (horse-collar) kdlar, m. (Eng. : :
;
of linen) girebdn (of coat, etc.) girebdii pakarnd or girebdn men hath
: :
Collect, ikatthd or jama' karnd: apne ta-in sanbhdlnd (to collect oneself).
Collector, kalattar, vulg., and kalaktar (of a district) : sdhib-i-zila* (Deputy
Commissioner).
College, kdlij, m. :
mxidrasa, (also a school).
Collegian, tdlib-i-Hlm.
Collide, takrdnd ; takkar (f.) khdnd ; larnd.
Colony, nau-dbddi.
Colour, rang, m. halkd rang (light
gahrd rang (deep maddham rang — —
(medium — ; ) )
tr., gen., (to colour) rang bharnd (of paintings only) rang charhdnd : :
(to make a thing look better than it is) us kd rang be-rang hu,d :
Commemoration, ydd-gdri.
'
Commence, shuru' k. (' vide Begin) nddhnd, Tr. (to begin a work) kisi : :
kdm men hdth lagdnd : pahal kis ne ki (who commenced the fight 1 who
was the aggressor ?) vide Begin and Start: muqaddama khard karna :
' '
Commit, vide Entrust and Imprison : daura sipurd {karnd and hond) (for
trial).
Committee, kamitt, i. :
panchdyat, f.
Commodity, jins, f.
gen., pi. ajnds, f mdl, m. gen. sauddgan kd mdl. .
; ;
marzt or rdy se (by common consent) bdzdri log or 'dmm log (the :
raft, f. {k.) (coming and going, between people) bol chdl, f. (k.) (of :
f. (a pair of )
: vide Ability, Boundary, Extent, Competent.
Compassion, vide Pity.
Co'iipassionate, )ralnm (of God) rahm-dil (of men) tars khdkar (com- : :
'
Compassionately, J passionately).
Compass, to, kar-chhornd or karke chhornd or karke rahnd (to intend and
succeed in vide Hind. Man., p. 87 (e).
;
" '•
Tars, vulg., taras, m., H. pity, etc." ; but tare, vulg., taras, m., P. fear.
alarm,"
COM 33 CON
Compensate, hadla or 'iwaz dend : taldfi karna : kasr (f.) nikdlnd : aur men
tamdm din B
mihnat thikdne (or haqq) lagi and all my day's labour (
—
was compensated by this).
us ki samajh (or liydqat) se bdhar hai (he is not
Competent, ld,iq qdhil
—
:
;
competent to ).
mudda'i, leg.
Complete, \purd {k.) ; tamdm [k.) : hhatm karnd (to end): anjdm ko
Completed, j pahunchdnd : mukammal (k.) (completed) taiydr (ready). :
Comrade, rafiq : ham-dam (that always lives with one); wc?e Companion
and Friend.
Conceit, khud-pasand, adj. and khud-pasandi, subs.: akarfun, f. [k.) (spec.
of good looks) apni Hlmiyat ki [?J letdhai (he is very conceited about
:
his learning).
5
CON 34 CON
Concur, kisi kt bat (or ray) ae ittijaq k, : vide Agree and Consent.
Concussion, takkaVy f. ; vide Shock.
Condemn, ki^ par *aib lagdna, or qusurwdr thahrdnd (to fix the blame on) :
thahrdnd (
- as unfit for further use).
with latter verb also = to bet) shartt, adj. (conditional) vide Rank. : :
anyone).
Confidently, yaqin ke sdth.
Confirm, pakkd k. (vulg.) and mustaqil k. (of an appointment).
Confiscate, zcibt k. : qurq k.
Confound, gar bar or gad mad k. (of things, words) hakka bakkd k. (to :
Conjectural, qiydsi.
Conjure, Tchudd kl qasam dend : jddu or manfxir ke zor se buldnd, or pciidd
karnd, (of magician).
Conjurer, batta-bdz ; or shu'bada-bdz (profess, juggler).
Connection, dur ke risJite men or barddari men: — se ta'alluq (or 'ildqa)
rakhnd (gen. ;
also carnal).
Connive, chashm-posM, k, (simply to wink at) : dndkdni d. (to turn the
eyes from, to connive).
Connoisseur, us ko fuldni chiz kl ban parakh hai.
end) khair kuchh bat nahln = kuch haraj (or muzdyaqa) nahln (it is of
:
no consequence).
Consider, sochnd or bichdrnd (ponder) :
ghaur k. (ponder deeply) : vide
Think.
Considerable, bahut kuchh.
Considerate, har ek bat par naukaron kd lihdz kartd hai (he is very consi-
derate to his servants).
Consideration, soch or bichdr (pondering, q.v.) vide Think yih bat zer-i : :
Constancy i
^^^ Faithful, Fidelity, Resolute, Continuous, Frequent.
silent as an image).
i (
—together) together,
kisi ki rdy : lend : kisi H
marzi kd pds (or
;
bahut gunjd,ish nahin (this box won't hold much) dil ko qdbu men :
nahin rakh-sakd (I could not contain myself from joy or anger) main ;
:
^usse ko rok nahin-sakd : apne ta,in (or ghusse ko, etc.,) zabt karna.
Contaminate, dluda k. (things) nd-pdk k. (of persons or things). :
Contentious, jhagrdlu (
= quarrelsome) hujjatl (objector, always argues).
:
Contest, muqdbala {k') (gen.) : vide Argue, Fight, Dispute, Struggle, etc.
Continual, bdr bdr kd : d,e din kd (of every day) [also expressed by jdnd :
Continue, rahna ; jari rahnd : usi tarah (or waisa M) khush rahd (he conti-
nued happy).
Continuous, lagdtdr, adj. and adv.
i harabar kd : [also expressed by :
Contractor, theka-ddr.
Contradict, bdt kdtnd (also = to interrupt), and jhutldnd : bar khildf hond (of
things).
Contrary, (bar) khildf (
— to) : ulte and ultd, adv. (on the contrary).
Contrast, vide Compare : zidd (of colours) : zamin dsmdn kd farq (of great
difference).
Contribution, madad (no pi.) (dend).
f. (of a
Contrivance, hikmat, thing) tadbir, f. (plan). :
Conveniently, J se (conveniently).
Conversant, — —
se mdhir (expert in). se
lUoU
wdqif :
Conveyance, sawdri, gen (any beast or carriage, etc., etc., also a fare
— tlie person) : vide Deed.
, ;
Convict, gundh-gaVy etc., etc., ihahrdnd {vide Guilty) sdhit k., etc. (to :
prove of guilt)
; main ne usko \i,s1a gkalail par qd,il kar-chhord (I
:
recipe.
Coquetry, ndz o nakhra (k.)
Coral, mungd.
Cord, doi\ f.
gen. :
dori, f. (of hemp) : rassi se bdndhnd (to cord).
Corkscrew, pech-kash, m.
Corn, vide Grain and Wheat, etc. jii,ar or makd,i (Indian Corn) and :
the manners).
Correction, tashih, f. ; isldh, f. ;
durustl.
Cost, is par kitnd kharch hu,d or kitnd kharcha lagd or haithd{\\ow much did
this cost?); ddm lagnd; sarf hond; vide SuSer: lekin hahut nuqsdn
uthdnd pard = bahut kuchh khone paryih chiz hdth Za^* = itcost me dear:
f. ^actunl cost)
Idgat, qimat (price) vide Loss main ne kho-ke slkhd (l : : :
know it to my cost ddm ke ddm or Idgat ke ddm or asU qtmat par, adv.
:
to town) ; desl, adj. (as opp. to foreign) dihdti, adj. (as opp. to town). :
irrespective of sex).
Couplet, ek shi'r, m., or bait, f. dohd, ra., Hindi. ;
Court, to, md-lend (court a quarrel) maut kl taldsh men rahnd (to
lafUyl :
court death) apne pd,on men ap kulhdfi marnd— apnl jaf dp khodnd
:
(court disaster) vide Seek and Woo darhdr-ddri karnd (to court big
: :
officials, to lobby).
Courteous, hare akhldq kd (civil, spec, of high people) :
d,o-hha^at kd.
Courtesy, vide Favour, Kindness.
Courtier, darhdr-ivdlu : vide Flatterer.
Cover, dhdhknd and dhdnpnd (with either cloth or solid cover) urhdnd, tr. :
(with a sheet for persons or a statue) vide Roof, Thatch, Spread (of
;
:
clouds) topi pahannd, pagri bdndhnd or sir dhdnpnd (of the head)
:
:
charhnd intr. and charhdnd caus. (of animals) and sdnd chhornd (of
horses, oxen, camels) lend jurnd (of dogs) vide Conceal and Overlay.
;
:
Cover, dhaknd (gen. also a lid of a box ;may be a fixture) chapni, f. (for ;
:
eartlien pots; not a fixture) sar-posh (gen. but not a fixture) dr, f. ; :
(shelter from fire or cover from view); bachd,o, m. and pandh, f., and
rok, f. (shelter): kifdzat, f. (shelter, protection) ;
vide Screen :
jild^ f.
Covet, kd Idlachk. : and tama' (f.) k. (the goods of another) : havas (f.)
or Mrs (f .) k. (to desire more) :
Compare Envy and Greed.
Covetous, Idlachl; hirst.
Covey, jhund (big or small), and gol, m. (gen. of a large number of beasts,
birds, or men).
Cow, gd,e: gobar, m. [cow-dung) and upld, m. (dried for burning): ahir
and gwdld (Hindu cowherds) gujar (Muslim ditto in Panjab) gau-sdld : :
cowhouse.
Coward, rfar-po A; ; buz-dil ( goat- hearted) nd-mard (also - impotent) thur-
: :
low).
Crab, kekrd: mrtdn, Ar. (also Cancer the disease, and the sign of the Zodiac).
men hot par-jdnd ovd-jdnd: shaqq k. and h. (of wall) kord chatkhdnd :
Craftsman, kdri-gar ;
hunar-mand ; ustdd.
(of
(to
:
sdkar kMldnd = ndkon men hharnd (to cram small children with food, or
to press food on a guest) ser karnd (to feed to satisfaction not to :
,
surfeit).
Crawl, rengnd (of snakes or humans) ghutnon chalnd = hdth pd.on se chalnd :
Cream, mala, I, in Lucknow hdld^i : zardfat kd lutf (the cream of the jest) :
"
nuqra, ghord (a cream-coloured or albino horse; a pink" horse).
Crease, jhol, f.
(baggines) ; silvat, f. (in cloth) :
shikan, f. (in cloth or in
the skin).
Create, paidd k. gen. hhalq : k. (of God only) :
ijdd k. (of inanimate
things: also to invent).
Created, majchluq (also subs., f.=: people) ; pi. makhluqdt = a.\l created things.
Creation, khilqat, f. (also the act of) : vide Created.
Credits, lend, m.
Credulous, hhoUi (simple, in a good or bad sense) zud-bdwar : kanpatld or :
Religion.
Creep, vide Crawl fmre jt chalnd (move unwillingly)
: chunit ki cJidl chalnd :
Crest, kalgjit (on bird's head; tuft or headdress): choil (of birds; top-
knot crest of hill)
;
:
kahjhi etc. ddr (crested).
Crest-fallen, sir jhukd,e {hu,e) ; dum-dabd,e {hu,e) ;
himmat hard hu,d.
Crew, jahdzi, pi.
Criminal, vide Guilty. Prisoner mujrimdna (of acts) fauj-ddrl kd, leg. (as : :
Crippled, ^
subs, (in legs but also of whole body) luld, adj. and subs, (in
;
:
hand or arm) : hdth pd,oh se ma'zur polite for apdhaj, subs, and adj. :
things) terhi berhl gall (long crooked lane or narrow street) terhd jawdb
: :
Crop, fasl, f. anRj or ndj^ m. (Ht. grain) rabi' (Spring crop) Man/ (Autumn
; :
): khari kheti (standing crop) hausala, m., and potd, m. (of bird). :
CRO 43 cue
Crop-eared, kan-katd.
Cross, salib (not nee. relig.) challpd (ditto)
:
qainchi, subs., and qainchiyd, :
Cross-examination, jirh, f., leg. : her pher-ke puchhnd or pher phdr-ke puchhnd.
Cross-fire, drl tirchhi gola-anddzl : donon taraf se sawdldt ki hauchhdr (
—of
questions).
Cross-legged, chdr-zdnu {baithnd).
Crossway, chau-rasta, m. or ckau-rdhd.
Crouch, sutuk-kar baithnd.
Crow, kawwd (the common Indian Crovy) :
bdng dend or dzdn dend (of cock).
Crowbar, sdbal, m.
Crowd, bhir: thdth (dense crowd) :
logon kd hujum: vide Populace.
Crowded, bdzdr men bhir lagi th%: log khacham-khach bhare hu,e the (densely
crowded).
Crown, tdj (pahndnd) (a sovereign).
Crupper, dum-chi.
Crusade, saUbi-jang :
jihdd (relig. war of Muslims against non-Muslims).
Crusader, din ke liye larne-wdld gen mujdhidin, :
pi., and -jthdzi (of Muslims,
latter word is now often used for fanatic).
Crush, dhakkd-pel, m. (of a crowd): dabnd, intr., and dabdnd, tr. masalnd :
(to crush with the heel or rub between the palms; also to tread wine,
dates, etc.) : vide Pound.
Crust, chhilkd (of bread).
Crutch, lathi tek-kar chaltd hai (
=lie walks with a crutch).
Cry, chilldnd gen., chikhnd, (of persons; inarticulate) bolnd or dwdz dend :
or pukdrnd (to call aloud) dhdr mdrkar rond (weep aloud) rote
:
;
rote andhd hond (any one's eyes out); vide Weep, Lament, Shout :
hdnk mdrnd or lagdnd (of hawkers or beggars) sadd dend (of begears :
(to cry for help) duhd,i tihd,i dend (to cry repeatedly for help) vide
: :
Yell: subs, are chikh: chilldhat; dwdz, pitkdr; hdnk, sadd (all fem.),
and kuk, f.
(the sound of lamentation).
Cuff, kaf, ra. and f., Ens. (of coat or shirt) : vide Blow.
Cunning, chdldk (in deed or thought): shdtir (of deed): siydna (also =
having reached years of discretion in Punjab also clever) apne kdm ;
:
vide Artful, Cunning and Deceitful: subs, are chdldkl shdtiri; siydn- ;
Cup, piydla and piydll, gen. katord and katorl (of metal) kdsa (of metal : :
Cupola, qubba ;
vide Dome.
Curds, dahi (jamdnd).
Curb, vide Bridle and Restrain and Bit.
Cure, fuldn ke 'ildj se achchd hond (of doctor) but shifd dend or changd ;
karnd (of God) Hldj k. (to treat) masihd^t^ k. (to make a marvellous
: :
cure of doctor) chdra, m. and tadbir, f (remedy for ill other than
;
: .
disease) khot or 'aib dur k. (to cure a defect of character) vide Treat.
: :
Curious, anuthd and anokhd (peculiar ; also rare) : nirdld (strange, singu-
lar ; also pure) vide Wonderful. ;
money) :
jdrl adj. (of money or a custom) mdh-i hdl or rawdn (the :
Curry-comb, kharerd.
Curse, kosd or kosnd, m. {dend) bad-du^d, f. (d.) phitkdr or la'nat, f. (with :
;
dend or bhejnd of man but with karnd of God) us par la'nat or phit- ; ;
kdr ho ( = God's curse on him) zindagi mujh par wabdl hai (life is a :
Cursed, mardud (rejected) and mal'un (cursed) (by God of people) la'nati ;
:
tariqa ;
chalan ; raviya : 'ddai (habit) : vide Fashion, Buying, and
Griffin.
scissors) :
qata' k. (for clothes) qalam k. (to cut off with one blow ; to :
chhdnind (clip beard, trees, hedges also to select ') kdtnd or kdt-lend ;
:
(as a fine) mujhse usse sdhib saldmat tark hai (we are dead cuts) tukre
: :
tdsh tardshnd (cut cards) ddnt nikalnd, intr. (cut teeth) champat hu,d : :
or chal champat hu,d (cut and run, disappear = cM<a hu,d,'^ chaltd being
here an adjective) vide Avoid kdt, sub. (of clothes or sword); zarb,: :
Cut-throat, gald-kat.
Cutting, diUkhardsh (sarcastic, etc.) :
jali kati hdten (cutting words).
Cycle, jug, m. (age) ; qaran, m.
1
Chhant-dena " to select for rejection, to reject " ; but chhant-lena **
to select
and approve. ' '
D
Dagger, khanjar, m. (curved) :
chhurd, m. (a straight knite;.
Dacoit, ddku : ddkd or dahait%, dacoity.
Dainty, nazdkat-pasand (fastidious, q.v.) ; ni'maten or maze maze ted khdnd^
dainties.
dnkhoh kl putll, gen., (lit. pupil of the eyes) : mert jdn ! (in address;
lit. my life!).
Dart, to, jhapatnd (as a snake also to pounce upon as a kite
; ; spring
upon as a tiger ;
rush at as in a charge) .
Dash, pataknd (on to the ground) de-murn^, gen. (to dash against anything, :
Daub, chopnd or thopnd (of any thick stuff) chhdpd dend (ink or blood) : :
lesnd, tr., to smear smoothly with the hand lathefnd, tr. (or laihafnd :
Day, din (of daylight also twenty-four hours) roz (twenty-four hours)
;
: :
dthon pahar (eight watches, i.e. twenty-four hours) rat din (day and :
mm dam nahm) : gayd guzrd ( = dead and gone) murda zahdn (a dead :
language).
Deadly, jdn-levd (of enemy or poison) : kdrl (of wound ; effective) : muhlik
(of disease).
'
^aziz rakhnd (to hold dear) mahngi (dearness), and manhgd, i (com- :
Debris, wMbd.
Debt, qarz, m. vdm, m. pdnE or pd,ond (debts due to outstanding debts
; ; , ;
us kd mere hdn pd,ond hai, I have to pay him) qarz men dubd hu,d :
(over head and ears in debt) qarz add k, or chukdnd (pay off debts). :
promise and not perform) fareb derid : sabz bdgh dikhdrm (to deceive :
etc.) ;
vide Decided.
Decline, dhalnd (of sun or day) sard-bdzdri (of trade) karni (of fever) :
;
:
birds).
Decrease, ka7n k. or h. ; ghatnd and gJiatdnd : kanii, ghatl subs.
Decree, vide Order, Regulation, Law digri, Eng. (pdnd) leg. : :
digrt jdr% k.,
enforce a decree of Court: digri-ddr, decree-holder.
Decry, burd kahrm, 'aib lagdnd (to decry): *aib-gtrl k. (point but faults;
criticize unfavourably): kam-qadxir k. (lessen the value, of persons):
vide Defame.
Deduce, natlja nikdlnd.
Deduct, vide Cut and Subtract.
Deed, kdr ; kdm ; kiyd ; kartut (gen. of bad deeds) vide Action.
durkd (of people or thoughts) nicJm (low, of valley) hMri (of voice : : :
defence) .
Deference, lihdz, k.
Deficient, kam hond (to be — )
: umh 'aql men kam (or ndqis) hai = wuh 'aql
kd kachcJm hai.
Defile, darra, P. :
ghdti Hindi.
Defile, to, palld k. gen.; nd-pdk k. (spec, relig.).
Deformed, 'aib-ddr :
— men 'aib hai.
Defy, anguthd dikhdnd, coll. (to a person's face) tum kis khet kl muli ho? ' • '
kahnd : vide Disobey, Despise: muqdbale ko khard hond (to get ready
to fight).
DEG 49 DEN
Degree, darja (of thermometer, Earth, etc. also a step, rank) digrl, ; :
Deign, us ne jawdh dend apni sTmn se bdhar samjhd (he did not deign to
answer me).
Delay, der karnd or lagdnd : dhtl k. or d. to be remiss.
(f.) or likchar (m.) dend^ (of speech or lecture) jannd, tr. and intr., :
merce, sale).
Demean, main us se bolkar apnd rutba kam nahm karnd chdhtd (I don't
want to demean myself by talking to him).
Demeanour, —
kl anddz se, m. waza' f. ; ,
Demerit, 'aib o hunar, merits and demerits; haqq yd nd-haqq (of a claim).
Demolish, girdnd, gen. (to knock down) dhdnd (to knock down buildings). :
Den, cjh
m. (any cave) mdnd, m. (of large beasts) akhdrd (of black-
dr. : :
Adieu, Die :
— taahrif
;
munh mofna or phernd
se deviate from).
(polite) :
(to
:
Start,
Department, lYiahkama^ m. ;
for Education generally sar-rishta.
Depend,
—
par bharosd (or Vtibdr) karnd or rakhnd (on people or things) :
7nerd jdnd tumhdre sdth chalne par mauquf hai (my going depends on
your accompanying, etc., {mauquf, also = adjourned abolished; dis- ;
missed; stopped).
Dependent, mere sir bahut se log hain (many are dependent on me for a liv-
ing) —kd muhtdj hoiid (not to be able to do without vide Destitute).
:
;
Weep.
Deport, shahr badar karm (for a city) se nikdlnd.
:
—
Deposit, amdnat, f. (rakhnd) :
)ama* karnd, to deposit money in a bank.
— :
mahrum an expectation).
k. (of
Derision,
— kl jag-hansd,'i hona or karnd (public derision) :
— bans par
charhdnd (to hold up to derision).
Derogatory, mert shd^n ke khildf hai ki
— (it is derogatory to my dignity to
— ;
= is men be-waqari hai ki — )
: vide Ridicule.
Descend, utarnd ; niche dnd (to come down) : virdsat or tarke men milna
(as an inheritance).
Descent, utdr, utard,t (any declivity ; opposed to chafhd^i).
Describe, hdl likhnd ; baydn karnd : —H shakl khinchnd (a figure).
Deserts, registdn (sandy) : sahrd virdn mulk (desolate country) but sahrd,i
;
Desert, v., bhdgnd; firdr hond (for firdrl hond) ; firdr karnd : vide' Abscond.
Deserve,
— kd mustahiqq hond (gen, in a good sense) :
Design, naqsha khinchnd (draw the plan) : khdka (rough sketch) : matlab
or maqsad (object, intention q.v.).
Designation, laqab (also title).
vide Disappointment.
Desolate, virdn ; ujdf.
DES 51 Die
Detain, rok-rakhnd, tr. and ruk-rahnd, intr. (spec, for a short time).
Detect, dekh-pdnd (to see in the act) : vide Trace.
Deviate,
— se phirnd.
qiydmat bar pd k. (to make the devil of a noise or fuss, lit. or met.) :
shaytdn ki dnt (lit the Devil's guts, i.e. anything interminably long or
wearisome).
Devolve, to, yih mere sir paregd, this will devolve on me.
Devote, lagdnd (of time) vide Busy man apne bachche par fidd hai or ;
:
nisdr hai (the mother is devoted to her child) Khudd ki rdh men :
Dictate, main pafhtd (or batata) jdtd hun turn likhte jd,o (I'll dictate to
you) : vide Order.
dnkh band k. (lit. to close the eyes) dam nikal-jdnd (expire): jdn dend :
money).
Difference, rdt din kd farq = zamin o dsmdn kd farq : unnis bis kd farq
(shght
— )
:
tafdvmt, f. :
nd-ittifdqi (of opinion ; discord in family, etc.).
Different, juddjvdd (h.) ; alag alag : be-mel (don't match) yih aur hai, aur :
ivuh aur = yih judd haif umh judd hai, (quite unlike) vide Various
ek dusre se na-milnd (to be ).
— : :
Dig, khodrid : khodkar nikdlnd (dig out) khodkar rasta nikdlnd (to dig :
out of a munshi).
Digest, hazm karnd and pachdnd, lit. and met.: hdzima^ digestion.
Digger, bel-ddr, prof, (one who uses a bel or spade for ; bel, the word
phd.ord is used): gor^kan (grave-digger) vide Badger. :
Dilapidated, raddi hdlat men (of persons or things) : bosida (of buildings ;
Diligent, mihnati.
Dim, maddham {k.) (for light vide Colour) dhundhld or maddham jalnd : :
Direct, vide Straight and Exact ek : dam se, or bald bdld (without interven-
tion ; in submitting petitions).
Dirt, mxiil, m. :
gandagi filth :
maild, adj. ; gandd, adj.
1450 Disabled, nikammd {hond, karnd) lit. useless.
Disaffected,
— se badrdil {h. or k.).
Disagree, mizdj ke muwdfiq nahtn (of food) :_ main tumhdri rdy se muwdfiq
nahm hun or —
rdy se ittifdq nahtn kartd hun, vide Discord.
Disallow, jd,iz or rawd na-rakhnd (of a Pay Examiner cutting your pay).
Disappear, ghd,ib hond, gen. nazar se jdtd rahnd—hom sight :
:
kdfur ho-
jdnd, to disappear suddenly (of persons or things).
DIS 53 DIS
ko dyd thd lekin mahrum phir-gayd^ 1 came to see you, but returned
disappointed (Ht. excluded).
Disapprove, nd-pasand karnd.
Disaster, vide Calamity :
musibat-angez, (disastrous).
Disband, tornd.
Disburden, dil kd bojh halkd karnd = dil se hojh utdrnd (of the mind) se :
—
suhuk-dosh k. (of a duty) vide Relieve. :
karnd, ov be-bdq karnd (debts) vide Fertorm and Pour naukari chhor- : :
— —
acts) vide Disheartened.
:
Discover, darydft kar-lend (for abstract things but darydft karnd, to in- ;
Discreet, pet kd bhdri (does not repeat things opp. to pet kd halkd). ;
Discuss,
—
par bahs (f .) karnd.
Disease, bimdri ; marz, m. muhlik bimdri (deadly ). jdn jokhon ki
—
chhut ki bimdri (contagious
bimdri (a critical illness) ).
;
:
—
Disgrace, be-Hzzat karnd; apni Hzzat khond ( oneself); ruswdj,, f,, be-
—
'izzati, f., bad-ridmi, f.
sactions).
Dislike,
— se chirnd (great) :
gawdrd na-karnd or hond (of abstract things).
Disloyal, bad-khwdh or sar-kash (of subjects).
Dismayed, satsatdnd, to be confounded, q.v. : vide Fear.
cine].
Disperse, tittar bitlar k. (an army, etc.) ;
tin terah nau atthdra hond (as
members of a family).
Display, amtrt jatldnd (show off wealth, be ostentatious) :
— kd diklidvd k. ;
Dizzy, sir men chakkar arm, or sir ghumrid ; sir /phirnd (gen. metaphori-
cally, as tumhJdri baton se merd sir phir-gayd).
Do, karnd; 'vide' Perform, Work, Finish, etc., etc. is par guzdrd kar- ;
Dodge, to, hhali dena (a blow, etc.) katra-kar nikal-jana (to evade by dodg-
;
Dog, kuttd, and kutti or kutiyd (bitch) apni gall men kuttd bht slier
m.
— ;
hai Prov. dur ho kuttd kahih kd (get out you dog) makkhi ki ntnd
:
;
m. kiwdr, m. the door itself: chul, f., the pivot {q.v.) of a door that
; ,
tion).
Double, duna or dugnd (k.) ; do chand (k.) ; do itrm {k.) all gen. dabal, — :
Eng., twice the size as, dabal roll, dabal kuch, etc. dohd [k.) (twice :
Doubtful, mashkuk (also ambiguous) us ke dne men shakk hai, his coming :
Draught, musawwada (k.) rough draft (of anything) : ek ghunt men at one
draught Mughfd Pathdn (a game).
:
Drama, ndtak, m.
Draw, khlnchnd (a sword vide Drag) pani bharnd draw water charhdnd, ; : :
—
draw on boots :_gap hdnknd, draw the long bow; burd (drawn game
=bardbar kt lamji).
Drawing, naqsha also a map, a blank form, a design, features, etc.
Dread, sahm (dnd) haibat-ndk dreadful bhaydnak. :
;
Dream, sapnd or khwdb dekhnd to dream mere Jchwdb khiydl men bhi yih :
bdt na-thi (I never even dreamed of such a thing) [sukh nind dream- :
Dress, libds^ m., poshdk, f. —pahindnd (to clothe) zahhm par marham
— a wound) pattl
: :
lagdnd (
:
saff sidht karnd, mil.
Drill, qdivd'id
^
k. mil., (intr., f.) — lend or kardnd (tr.) :
su,i se chhednd
or surdkh karnd (to drill a hole).
omitted " wine
"
Drink, pind tr. and pildnd, cans. ; (if the object is is under-
stood) nosh karnd (polite).
:
Drip, to, tapaknd chund (to leak a word avoided by the polite as chuti
; ;
=
gdndu).
Drive, to, {gdriy ghord, Tidthi, etc.) hdnknd; chaldnd, gen.: {gdri men) le-
jdnd to drive a person to) gdn men hawd khdnd (to go for a drive) : :
hdnknd (beat for game) bhagdnd drive away bithdnd drive in (of : :
Droop, kumldn^j (also met. of the human face, from grief, heat, etc.).
Drop, bundy f bundt {small drops of rain) qatra : tapkdnd or chu ,dnd
.
;
:
(pour in drops) [tapaknd = to leak] girdnd (to let fall, drop from
;
:
the hand).
Dropsy, jdlandhar, m. :
istisqd^ m.
Drought, khushk-sdli : vide Famine.
Drown, dubnd^ intr. (also to sink) dubond (to cause to sink or drown) ;
:
(smaller) dholki (still smaller) ; danka (larger than dhol and beaten
;
by a stick on one side and by the hand on the other used in pro- ;
Drunk, mat-wala , piye hu,e; mast: bad-mast = nashe men chur hona, to be
dead drunk ; {chur
— smashed).
Drunkard, bara shardbt ; bard phie-wdld : vide Drinker.
Dry, sukhd (k.) ; khushk (k.) ; be-maza or be-lutf (of a look) sukhdnd = :
vulg. sukhd karnd : rukhd (of bread, without relish also rough, of an ;
Due, haqqy m. (right): fdnd or lend, m. (due to, in money; merd uspar
pdnd hai = he has to give me but uskd mujh par pdnd hai I have
' '
to give him ") bdqi (balance due) ret ab dne-wdli hai (the train is
: :
Dull, sust (out of sorts) : bdzdr sust (or sard or manda hai) (the market is
dull).
Uumbygungd: vide Silent: tumhdrl bolti kyun marl ga,i are you dumb,
can't you answer ? be-zabdn jdnwar, dumb animal.
Dumb-bells, mugdar.
Dumbfounded, hakkd bakkd (from astonishment.)
Dung, lldii. {k.) (of horses or elephants) gobar, m. (of cattle) mehgni : :
{k.)(goats, sheep, deer, camels): quh or guh (hagnd) gen. (of men,
animals, birds) bit, f. (of birds) paikhdnd^ m. (phirnd) (of humans).
: :
Durable, pdy-ddr^ lasting a long time (of buildings, friendship, etc.).* yih
jutd bahut tikegd or thahregd
'
vide Lasting. :
Dusk, munh
andhere {ka waqt) (twihght, sp. of morning) jhut putd waqt. :
Dust, gard, f jhdrnd, to dust: jhdran, f., duster: jh^r ponchh karnd,
. :
Duster, jhdran, f.
Duty, farz {add obUgation (gen. with religious sense): farz i mansabl
k.),
official roz-marra ka kdm daily duty diyuti Eng.
duty (modern term) : : :
Dye, rang (colour) rangnd, to dye (but rang dend, to give more colour to)
: :
1 Tikna is used of
concrete things only : ihaharna of either concrete or abstract.
Vide Supplement, " Stumbling- Blocks."
DYS 68 EDU
Each, kar ; kar ek ; ft set do paisd mahsul kai (there is a tax of two pice on
each seer) vide Head. :
Eager, sar-garm : bap chdk (or ckd,o) se, adv., eagerly : vide Desirous of.
men ungU dena or kdn par hdth dharnd (to turn a deaf ear to) kdnd- :
Early, sawere {lit. early in the morning, but also = in time, or before the
time) vide Dawn.
:
jama' karnd, to set another's mind at ease dil men tkandak parnu = :
khatir-jama* kond : dard gkatdnd (lessen pain) : narm karnd (ease any-
thing stiff).
stances ivuk btbt izdr-band ki dktli kai (that lady is of easy virtue
:
;
Eat, kkdnd, ; nosk karnd (polite also = to drink) kkd-jdnd eat up kardm
;
: :
ness).
Edge, dhdry f. (of instruments): kindra, m. (margin) : dk^r ke bat and kimire
ke bal (edgewise).
EFF 69 ELU
Educate, Wlim aur tarhiyat c?ewa (to instruct and educate) mcZe Teach, :
educated.
Efface, mitdTidy gen. {lit. and met.) : dur karnd, remove.
'
Consequence f.
(spec, of medicines,
:
ta^'sir,
charms) :
carry into effect).
(to
Efficacious, kdr-gar muftd (of = plans, medicines) is dawd men asar nahln :
jaisd sut waist phenU, prov. = as the crow so the egg phenti = ;
"skein."
Egress, nikds (place of — ).
Ejaculate, kar-uthnd
inarticulate sounds) kah-uthnd (of articulate
(of ;
Eject, nikdl bdhar karnd : zdt bdhar karnd ( from caste) vide Banish, — :
Expel :
[nikdl ddlnd is to take out completely, of concrete or abstract
things, empty a box of, etc.].
Elbow, kuhnl (of horse or man) sdye ki tarah sdth sdih hond, to be always :
Elder,
—
se bard or umr men ziydda (of age) buzurg (of tribe, village,
'
:
1 For the force of chhorna, etc., in forraing compound verbs, vide Phillott's
" Hindustani
Manual," pp. 86 and 87.
EMB 60 ENC
Embassy, sifdrat, f. :
sifdrat-khdna (the building).
Embed, bithldnd ; jaf-dend: baithd hu,d, embedded (naturally).
Embers, angdrd, m. bhuhal, f., hot ashes.
;
Emulate, uski hardbari kl himmat (or hausala) karo, try to emulate him.
Emulation, barhdwd : raqdbat (also = rivalry).
Enable, dp kl bakhshish se main is qdbil hungd ki — .
Enamel, mlnu-kdrl.
Encamp, derd ddlnd or lagdnd.
1650 Encampment, pdrd,o, mil. (place of — ; camping ground): derd, gen.;
kheme, pi. [lit. tents).
Enchant,
— par jddu karnd {lit. and met.).
ENC 61 ENR
Encounter, —
se do char hona, gen., (suddenly) se muth bher hond —
(come hand to hand with) kd muqdhala karnd, gen., (to confront). :
— :
Endow, — ke liye kisi chiz ko vaqf kar-dend (of charities or for one's
children) ; vaqf ke rupai and vaqf kl jd,eddden, endowments.
Endure, sahnd (to bear up under) utJidnd, to suffer (willingly or unwill- ;
Engine, injan, m., gen. (any engine) kal, f., machinery, mechanism, or a :
'
1 Note this use of the participle and the verb * to be. The participle indicates
•
in a state of encumbering vide '* Hind. Man. ," p. 1967
' "
is : ; Stumbling-Blocks,"
p. 78.
ENQ 62 ESC
Entangle, ulajhna, intr., and uljhana, tr. ; phasna, intr., and phasana, tr.,
to be noosed, embroiled.
jalan, f. (^^) .*
rashk, m. (k.) jealousy ; also envy in a friendly sense.
Epilepsy, mirgt.
Equality, bardbari k, (vie with).
Equilibrium, mizdn kd thik rakhnd ; [mlzdn, f., scales].
Equip, sdz o sdnmn se durust karnd : vide Armed.
Equipage, jilo, m. : vide Retinue.
'
Eradicate, jar se uklmrnd :
'
vide Annihilate and Destroy,
Erase, chhil-dend (prop, to peel) : khuruch-dend (scratch, scrape) : vide
Efface.
* '
Erect, khard karnd, vide Build.
Err, chuknd ; ghalati k. : bhul chuk insdn ki khamir men hai, it is man's
nature to err {khamir lit. dough ; also nature).
*'
For difference between bachna and chhutna, vide
•
Hindustani Stumbling-
Blocks,** p. 27.
ESC 63 EXA
Escort, badraqa, mil.
Especial, khass ; mahhsus : khass-kar or khusus'^'', adv., especially.
Espionage, mere pichhe jasus lagd,e hu,e hain ; mulchbiri, f.
Essence, jauhar ;
asl.
'
otherwise).
Esteem, qadar, f.
Estimate, takhmlna (karna) ;
vide Guess, Opinion.
Even, jujt _{oi numbers; opp. to tdq, odd): vide Level: main mar tak
jd,ungd, I will even die for you.
Event, wdqi'a; wuqu' : hddisa or wdriddt (accident, or unpleasant oc-
currence) vide Adventure.
:
Evergreen, sadd-bahdr.
Ever-young, sadd-jawdn.
Evidence, gawdhi {dend) : suhut, m. (proof).
'
Evil, had kdr, evil-doer (gen. = adulterer or fornicator) had nazar, evil- :
main kauri kauri wusul karungd I will exact the uttermost fact.
Exaggerate, barhdke kahnd (of speech) muhdlagha karnd, gen. (to overdo :
Examine, imtihdn lend and dend (of any test) mulahaza karnd = ikzdmin
* '
—
:
imtihdn 'pds^ karnd imtihdn men purd utarnd (to pass an examination).
;
Examiner, mumtahin.
EXA 64 EXE
doing something) 'uzr, m., gen., a plea langrd 'uzr, a lame excuse.
:
;
cipline].
Exempt, mu'df karnd (of the thing not of the person; as, us par tiks
Exercise, warzish, f. {k.) and kasrat, f. (k.) (of bodily exercises; vide
Practice) :
mashq, f . {k.) a task vide Copy
: and Drill.
Exert, zor mama; hath pa, oh mama; koshish karna: 'vide' Attempt,
Effort, Try, strive.
[I„^,itg_
Exhort, nasthat dend (admonish) : himmat dildnd : dil hdrhdnd :
'
vide
'
'
Plan, Means.
*
Banish,
Outcaste.
Expend, \rupiya uthdnd (of great sums) : kharch (karnd) :
Idgat, f.
E o rtness \
^"^^^^'' ^^^'^^ a,dj. : ustddi and mahdrat, f., subs.
Exportation, raftani, f.
'
Eye, dnkh :
putli, pupil of— (lagnd) (the evil eye)
:
nazar, f. : mdda huk,
(for hook ;
lit. female hook the
is called nar huk).
;
hook
Eyebrow, bhaun, f. (also coronet of horse's hoof).
Eyelid, palak, f. :
(also = a moment) :
papotd, m.
Eyesight, nazar : roshni, f. (Ut. light).
Eyesore, dnkh kd kdntd.
Eye-witness, dnkhon dekhi {bat] kahtd hai — .
9
FAB 66 FAR
face, vide Confront: main kyd munh leke un ke sdmne jd,un, "how
can I face him (I'm " munh ke hal " fell on
'
* '
ashamed)? :
gird (I) my
face : vide Grimace.
Facilities,
— H drdm hai, coll.
Fail, to, : .
Faint, be-hosh hond = — ko gMsh dnd (become senseless) kam-zor : dil kd,
faint in heart, (also without moral courage) kam-himmat, : faint-
hearted :
phikd lacking distinctness (also insipid).
Fair, gord^ of complexion, (also a private soldier or a seaman) munsif- :
Famine, kdl^ m. :
qaht, m. or qahUsdlt, f.
Fast, kasa hu,a, drawn tight mazbut, firm tez, in movement roza {rakh
—
: : :
no) any religious fast faqa karnd, voluntary, and se hona, involun-
:
Felt, namdd, m.
Female, mdda or mddin.
Fever, bukhdr, m. :
tap, f.
of battle) '-
sakht.
paidd karnd, find out or produce tajwiz, f. {k.) (of Court also proposal). :
;
Fine, kisi par jurmdna lagdnd or kisi ko jurmdna karnd; mahtn, adj. gen :
Fit, qabil ; Id.iq adj. .• vide Proper, Fitting : daura (of disease ;
lit. turn).
Fixed, jard hu,d (of fixtures).
Flag, jhaTidd (large) and jhandi (small).
Flame, lau, f. shu'la, m. bharak-uthnd to burst into flames also to
;
:
, ;
flare
Flat, chipid :
*
vide Level and Prostrate :
chiptd-pan, subs.
Flatter, kisl kl hhushdmad or chEplusi karnd : jutt kl khdk chdtnd or jhdrnd
(met. to lick a person's boots).
Flaw, *aib, m. nuqs, m. ;
Flea, pissu, m.
Flee, bJmgnd: chal-dend (disappear suddenly) : vide Run and Escape.
Flesh, gosht.
Flexible, lachtla : lachak-dur (springy) .
Flight, firdr, m. :
bJmgar (stampede of a number).
Flinch, jhijhaknd.
Flint, chaqmdq, m.
Float, pdnl ke upar bahnd: fitna, m. (fishing).
Flock, galla or rewar, m. (of sheep or goats).
Flog, kord mdrnd.
Flood, sa*7a6 .•
[but serdb {k.), m., irrigation]: tugJiydni {men and) (being
in flood, of rivers ;
also being rough, of the sea).
Fool, ahmaq :
be-wuquf : bail ; ullu ; kdth kd ullu utter fool, '
; mashhara
(professional).
Foot, j)d,on ; panja (also =
hand)j paidal or piydda or pd-piydda, adv., on
foot pag, f., a footprint
:
pdyon kl dhat, foot-fall. :
Force, zor : vide Power and Tyranny and Violence jabr or zor se kardnd ;
Ford, )
pdydb pdnl is an adjective only in speaking pdnl
- [pdydb
; ;
Founder, bant.
Foundling, l-d-wdris bachcha (
— without owner).
Fountain, jawwdrd, m. (artificial jet) :
chashma, m., spring or fountain-
head of a stream, etc.
Fowl, murc0 (hen) :
murgbfii (cock) : chuza (a chicken) : vide Bird.
(picture ).
Friction, ragar, f.
Fry, talnd.
''
Frying-pan, fri-pdn''* m., Eng. pattern.
Fugitive, bhagord ; firdri ; bhaggu (a turn-tail, one that always runs away,
of a cock, or a man, etc.).
Fulcrum, tek, f.
Future, dyande ke Uye, "for future use or tirD.e as regards the future,"
but dyanda, " in future
"
dyande, kd hdl, the Future.
:
G
Gain, vide Advantage.
Gain, to, vide Obtain and Acquire; also Win, Succeed and Reach.
Gait, chdl, f
Gale, dndhi (spec, with dust); tufdn, gen., (storm, flood, etc.): jhakkar
(of wind only).
Gallant, dhagrd, (contemp. ; paramour of married or unmarried woman) ;
General, 'dmm:
kulliya qd'ida (a general rule) Jarnel, mil. :
Generally, 'umum''", or 'dmm, taur par: [aksar. adv. means often and adj.
most].
Generation, nasi (also = race, family, breed).
Generosity, sakhdwat, f.; daryd-dili (beneficence).
GEN 72 GLI
Give, derid: 'aid or -indyat karnd (to bestow) de-derm or de-ddlnd, to give :
us ko jd-lagd, the arrow glanced off the wall and hit him vide Rebound :
and Ricochet.
Glare, raushnl kl tezl.
Glib, safd,i se (or tardre se) jhuth boltd hai (= glib liar).
Glossary, farhang, f.
Glove, dastdna, m.
Glowworm, jugnu, f.
Glue, saresh, m. ;
saresh se jornd or lagdnd (to glue).
Goad, dhkus, m. (of elephant; and met. an overseer that makes people
work) chhor, m. (for ox) ara''i k., lit. uksdnd, prop, of elephants,
: : :
God, Khudd (term used both by MusHms and Hindus) Allah (of Muslims) : :
Gonorrhoea, suzdk^ f.
Good, achchhd ; bhald ; khub ; vide Pious, Real: ydr-bdsh, a good fellow
(but of women has an unflattering sense = immodest) totd pura k., :
make good a loss: bhald,t or nekl, subs., good (as opposed to evil) :
Goose, hans :
rdjhans : ban bat.
Gourd, kadu, m., gen. (a pumpkin, etc.; also vulg. the penis) : laukl =
kddu.
Gout, niqris, m.
Govern, hukumat karnd :
qdbu men rakhnd (control).
Governor, Hakim.
Grace, jazl, m. (of God): albeld-pan (of movement; of humans only):
vide Naive.
Graze, chamd.
P
Greedy, us ko bard haukim hai, gen. (never satisfied) ;
hirsi [but haris
avaricious] Idlcht, covetous.
:
' '
Groan, kardhnd.
Grocer, pansdri (also a drug-seller).
Groom, sa,is.
Groundless, be-bunydd.
GRO 75 HAI
Grow, barhnd, gen. (increase in size, etc ): ugna, spring up from the ground
* '
—se hoshydr or
:
;
Guest, mihmdn.
Guide, rdJi hatdnd or dikhdnd :
— ki rdh-namd.i karnd : rahbar, m., gen.
Guilt, vide Fault, Crime.
H
Habit, 'ddat, f. lat or dkat, f., a bad habit tariqa, m., custom
: •.
q.v.
Habitation, basti (a collection of habitations) vide House. :
Hair-spring, hal-kamant.
Half, adM, adj. and subs. masc. : adha adhd, half-and-half.
Half-caste, dogJtla or do-7iasla, adj., gen. (any half-breed) : Andru Pldro
(contemptuous term in Calcutta a reflection on Scotch
;
missionaries
and Jesuit priests) : us ki nasi men phent hai : vide Eurasian.
Hall, daldn, m. :
hdl-kamrd, Eng.
Halo, hdla, m. (of moon, or round heads of saints).
"fettered
"
hampered by regulations).
Hand, hdth, m. (also the arm the fore-leg of a horse the foot of a hawk
; ;
:
Handcuff, hath-kart, f.
Handful, mutthi-{bhar), adv.
Handkerchief, ru-mdl, m.
Handle, dasta, ni. vide Touch: mal-dal karnd to hdbudle ruh (of things
:
, ,
fresh goods," of a girl that has been often engaged, etc., etc).
Handsome, shakil (of animate things only) : shdn-ddr (of houses, furniture,
and also of animate things).
Hang, tdngnd (from a height, above); latkdnd, gen. tr., to suspend; tdngnd
and lataknd, intr. phdnsi dend (by execution).
:
'
Hare, khar-gosh.
Harem, zandna or zandna makdn, gen.: haram-sard (of rulers).
Hatchet, kulharl.
Hate, kisi se nafrat rakhna gen. (to dislike): lit. dill nafrat, gen. (aversion
,
—
to) kisl se bu^z rakhna (to hate
:
of people only) kisl se dushmanl;
:
rakhna.
Lucrative.
Have, vide Keep: no one word; expressed by ke pas hond, or the genitive
''
with hond, etc., etc. vide Phillott's Hindustani Manual," p. 75.
;
Hawk, bdz, m., used in a general _sense (but properly the female goshawk,
q.v.) bdz se shikdr khelnd verb
:
pherl karke bechnd, tr. (of mer- :
chandise.)
Hawker, pheri-wdld, gen. bakas-wdld, peddler. :
Headquarters, sadr, m. (also the chief seat in an assembly, and the chief
bazar in a Cantonment) for sadr maqdm. ;
Heap, dher, m. :
toda, m.
Hear, sunnd : [the tr. sundnd, to read aloud to, to tell]: vide Attend to,
Listen.
Heart, dil : jl, mind; kalejd, liver, (is used for heart metaphorically, as :
kalejd munh ko dyd, my heart came into my mouth from fear, grief) ; ;
shahr kl ndf, the heart of the city (lit. navel) vide Centre, Courage, :
bar zabdn ydd karnd^ to learn by heart = az bar karnd : dil dahalnd *
Heat, garmi ; and hardrat (spec, of body) gen, tapish (of sun only) jalan, :
" "
1
Az, P. from," and bar, P. " breast," and also prep. " on :
bar-a-bar, bara-
har = level, etc.
HE A 78 HIS
Heavy, bhari :
bojhal (cumbrous, of people or animals).
Heel, eft, f.
H 11' h \
/«^o^wa^> ^- ; dozakh, m. ; jahannamt and dozaJcM, hellish.
Helmet, khod, m.
Help, vide Assist kist kl mushkil asan karnd ; kisi kd dukh dur kamd :
:
Hen, murc^i,
*
vide Cock and Chicken.
Hen-pecked, jo.ru kd ghuldm : vide Uxorious.
Herald, naqib.
Herb, jafi butl^ (medicinal).
Herd, galla or rewaf, m., of cattle, or sheep and goats.
Herdsman, charwdhd, gen. (lit. grazier) : vide Shepherd.
Hereditary, maurust.
Hero surmd : Rustam.
,
Hesitate, dhuk chuk karnd ; and dgd ptchhd karnd : vide Delay, Doubt,
Vacillate.
Hive, muhdl, m.
Hoarse, dwdz bhdri ho-jdnd, or galla haith-jdnd.
Hock, kunch, f.
* '
Holiday, taHil, f . : vide Festival.
bee :
chhattd, m. (the comb).
Hop, to, ek pd,on par chalnd (of men): phudaknd (of birds and met. of
small children).
Hornet, bhirnd, m.
*
: vide Wasp.
Horoscope, janam-patr m. ,
Horse-race, ghur-daur.
Hospitable, mihmdn-nawdz.
Hospital, shifd-hhdnd {shifd, f. = cure) :
haspitdl, m., Eng.
HOS 80 HYS
Hour, ghanid (also a bell, a gong): ghan ghan, hourly fig. , hnt ghante
ghante, lit. (as of medicine to be taken).
House-maid, farrdsh (a -man who dusts, looks after bedding, etc., etc.).
Humble, munkasir (opp. to maghrur) : wuh sab se jhukke miltd hai (in a
good sense) .
Humiliation, zillat, f .
;
vide' Disgrace.
Hunchbacked, kubrd.
' '
2250 Hurry, vide Hasten: mujhe is waqt harbari hai (I *m in a hurry) : vide Pre-
cipitation.
Hurt, chot, f., gen. vide Wound; badan kd nuqsdn.
:
Ice, harf, f.
(properly snow).
Ichneumon, nevoid, m. ; ne,oU, f.
Idle, sust (also = lazy, slow, dull in health), nikhattu, idle parasite, vide
Worthless : kdm-chor, a skrimsh anker, q.v.
Idol, but, m.; murat, f.
;
Id 1 t^ I
6w^-2:)aras^ but-parastl (idolatry).
Idolize,
—par fldd hond,
'
vide
'
Affection.
Illegitimate, hardm kd, adj., and hardm-zdda, subs, (of birth) = hardmi, adj. :
Imagine, hhayal bdndhnd (not much used in trans, except in the sense of,
to picture to oneself) (but khaydl karnd, to think, suppose) khaydl
: :
nd-lMmil.
Imperfection, nuqs, m.
Imperious, haikri-bdz : haikri, imperiousness : hukum^t jatdnd (to be im-
perious) sdhibiyat dikhdnd (ditto).
:
11
IMP 82 INC
Imperiously, hakimana.
Impersonate, kisi kd rup bhamd.
Impertinent, shokh (also cheeky) gustdkh (uncivil, rude). ;
Incapacity, be-liydqatl.
Incarnation, dutdr, m. (spec. Hindu) luuh zidm kd putld hai :
(he is the
incarnation of tyranny lit doll of ). ;
—
Incessant, ktgdtdr, continuous.
Incident, wdqi'a.
Incite, mde Goad : tahrik k, gen. (for good or bad things) :
ighwd k. (to
seduce) : ishti'dl k.
Inclined, to,
—kl taraf mdyil.
Included, shdmil {k,).
Inflammation, sozish, f. :
jalan, m.
Information, ittild\ f. {dend or karnd) : Jchabar, i {dend or karnd).
Inheritance, mtras, m.
Inhuman, yih ddmt nahin^ or is men ddmtyat nahtn hai.
(looked down on, as they usually hire out their daughters with their
rooms, and are brawlers kyd turn ne is makdn ko hhatydr-khdna :
Innuendo, kindya.
* '
Instep, pusht-i-pd.
hatak ki = he insulted me
*
the uneducated used in a relig. sense only) kah sunkar Sahib se mera ;
qusur mu'af kard-dijiye = intercede with the Sahib for me, get him to
forgive me.
Intercept, rah men pakarnd : raste men gher-lend (of one or more people )
:
vide Waylay.
Intercourse, J ship).
Interest, sud, m., and biydj, m. (on money) 'vide' Advantage, Benefit: :
ness; a'pne nafa' nuqsdn kd khiydl rakhnd chdhiye, I must look after
my own interests.
Internal, andaruni.
Interpose, ) men rakhnd : bich men parnd, or btch bichd,o karnd (in
bich
Intervene, )adjustment of quarrel) vide Mediate. :
(not love).
Introduce, jdn pahchdn kardnd (make acquainted), jdri k. gen. (money, or
law, custom, etc. ; also to enforce, carry out) riwdj dend (a custom). :
Irremediable, Id-Hldj.
Irresponsible , gJiair-jawdb-dih.
Irritable, tunak-mizdj : chirchird (peevish).
Itinerary, safar-ndma.
Jasmine, chanbeli.
f. (excursion).
Jaunt, matar-gasht, {k.)
jawdhirdt, m. Oraament.
'
; pi. : vide
Jib, ar-jdnd :
aryal, adj., jibber.
Jockey, jdki, Eng.
'
Jog, thokar (f.) dend (with less force than jhatkd, '
vide Jerk).
Join, jornd, tr. and jurnd,
mil-jdnd : 'vide' Collect, Adjoin, 2450 intr. :
Encounter: jain ho-jdnd, mil. (join the ranks, of a recruit) hath men :
jumping) :
kudd,l subs.
Jurisdiction, ikhtiydr.
' '
K
' '
pushtak mdrnd or chaldnd (to let fly with both legs) pd,on se thokar :
Kill, mdr-ddlnd, gen. qatl k. (to put to death of human beings) zibh
:
;
:
King, pddshdh, gen., with the exception of Hindus: rdjd or mahd-rdjd (of
Hindus) sultan (of MusHms).
:
' '
Knock, khatkhatdnd (Indians knock with the open hand, not with the
knuckles) vide Hammer zdnjir hildnd (in old-fashioned houses there
: :
isa chain on the door which is rattled, etc.) gird-dend, knock down. :
Knot, gdnth, f. :
girih, f. :
[gathnd - to be compact and hence to be hard
of the body].
KNO 89 LAS
'
Know, jdnnd :
'
vide Aware,
Knowledge, Him, m.
L
Label, chit, f.
diyd, m. (native pattern) batti vulg. : for any hght (prop. wick). =
Lance, neza, m. ; ballam, m. ;
barchhd (large spear) barchht (small spear ^. v.). ;
Lastly, J remain also to tarry, vide Dwell and Halt) dhhir men, lastly.
; :
Lasting, pdy-ddr.
LAT 90 LEA
Late, der men or der karke : ab der ho-ga,t jane kd waqt na-rahd, it's too
late to go there now turn nd-tvaqt d,e, you came late (with a verb
:
Laugh, hansnd, gen. khilkhildnd, (giggle q.v.) thatthd mdrnd = qdh qdh
: :
mdmd, to laugh out loud [in reports, of trials, etc., qdh qdh qdh = :
f. (Muslim
religious law).
Lawful, shar't (enjoined in Muslim law) ; haldl, gen. (relig. or morally
' *
lawful) vide :
Legal.
Lawsuit, muqaddam/ij m.
Lawyer, bd7'istar or kaunsill, barrister :
sdlisitar, solicitor : vakil, pleader.
Lead, stsd, m.
Lead, to, le-chalnd ; dge dge chalnd, to keep just ahead, lead the way fauj :
Leaf, pattd (large) pattl (small) waraq, m. (of book) palla, m. or pat, or
; : :
kiwdr m. (of door) [pdt also means the breadth of a river the stone ;
of a handmill].
Leak, tapaknd (also to drip) : risnd (exude from porous things): videOoze,
Exude.
Lean, dubld ; Idghar, adj.
Lean, to, jhuknd (out of the perpendicular) par tek-jdnd, intr., to lean :
—
on ;luuh Idthi tek-kar chaltd hai = he walks with the aid of a stick :
1
Feminine mutawaffaya, and marhuma.
LEA 91 LIE
'
Levity, subukl.
Levy, levi, f. (troops).
Liable,
— kd mustahiqq.
Liar, jhutd.
Libel, hatak-i 'izzat, f. {k.) leg.
Lie, jhut, m. (bolnd) (falsehood) letnd, intr., to lie down, and litdnd, : tr. ,
Lieutenant, Laftant.
Life, jdn, f . ; zindagi or zlndagdnl : haydt tnaut ko kaun jdntd kai (saying)
" who knows "
ftught of life or death ?
Lifeless, be-jdn; 'vide' Dead: us men jdn nahin, he's a lifeless person,
without animation = this stuff won't last long).
(also
nur, Ar., m. (in Urdu used only in a religious sense): halkd (not
heavy ; also met. slight, as a fault) subuk (not heavy, also fine or ;
Lightning, hijll.
letter) :
satar, f. (in a book) vide Rope. saff (f.) or lain (f.) hdndhnd,: :
Eng., intr. (to form line, draw up in Une side by side) qatar, f. :
Lining, astar, m.
(as opposed to ahra, m ,
the outside).
8600 Link, kari (also any round ring).
Linseed, alsi or tisi ; [not til which is sesamum].
Lion, hahr or habr-sher, [in Persia habr is a tiger] : sherm (lioness).
Lip, honth, m. :
lab, m. (also brim, edge).
Lisp, tutldna (of Jews or small children).
List, fihristj f.
' '
of quantity but sometimes for chhotd sd) thord thord kar-ke, little
;
:
by httle.
' '
i
Lughvi is from lughat * '
Live, jmd, to be alive ji-uthna, to come to life murda men jdn ddlnd,
: :
to bring to b'fe 'umr kdtnd (to pass one's life) zindaqi ha-sar karnd,
: :
to pass one's life or pass one's time quzrdn karnd, pass one's time :
kartd hai =
" he lives like a '
kisi kl rotiydh par parnd (to
'
prince ;
Livery, hand, m. ;
'
vide
'
Uniform. :
argard (
—stable ;
also riding-school
and cab-stand).
Living, vide Alive :
ma'dsh, i., means of livelihood (also in mod. coll. =
zarmn-ddrl) ; rozl, daily bread :
roz-gdr, employment.
Load, boih, m. (Iddnd) :
bar, m. (karnd) : vide Weight.
Locust, tiddl, f. malakh, m. mor malakh ddmi = tiddl dal fauj, a host, q.v.
; ;
^^^-^^V •'
'^(J'^tiq ke ru se, logically speaking.
Loeicallv [
Long, lambd (of things) bahut muddat (a long time weeks or more)
:
; ;
bahut der (less than a day) tarasnd, to long for vide Wish, etc.
: :
' '
vide Inspection kisi ki taraf (or ko) dekhnd (to look and to see)
— par
: :
Loop, halqa.
Loose, dhild (also slack, lit. and met.) : khuld (open, untied).
Lopsided, vide Weight.
bdtunl (talkative
.
gen. in a good sense) bakkt or fuzul-qo
; :
Loauacio ]
(loquacious and tiresome) qappi (gossiping) labbdk (a : :
Loa a *t^' 1
"bak-stick," i.e. talks a great deal and exaggerates his
deeds) substantives are bdluni-pan, m.
:
hakwds, f. or ;
I
bak, i. a,nd fuzul-qo, t : labbdki.
Lordly, hdkimdna : vide Imperious.
LOS 94 LYN
Loscj khona, tr., and kho-jdnd, intr. gum k. and h. (the trans, signifies :
have lost my purse, meri thaiU kho-ga.i or gum ho-ga^t) nuqmn hond i
Lotus, kanuxd, m., any large white water-lily: mlufar, m., the small white
water-lily: padam, gen., any water-lily.
Lottery, Idtari, f .
Loud, zor kd
— .
Louse, jun, f., gen. (also in some parts the head-louse only): cktlar, f.,
the body-louse.
Love, *ishq, m., great love or passion (as between lovers, or of Jacob for
Joseph) muhabbat, gen. (also affection) pydr, m. Hindi.
: :
,
Low, nichd :
'
vide Mean.
'
(fate) :
dekhiye kyd nasib hogd (let me see what my luck will bring me).
pagodas
'
Lurk, ghdt men rahnd ; (but — baithnd, to sit in one place in ambush).
Lunch, tifin or tifan m.
'
* '
1
Pagoda a gold coin of Southern India.
MAC 95 MAN
M
Mace, jawatrl, f. (the spice) :
'asa, m. (the stick).
Machine, mishm, Eng. kal, f., (also = machinery; kal ka, mechanical).
f. ;
(madly).
Magazine, magzm, f., Eng. (for powder, = bdrut-khdnd, m.) .• risdla (also
pamphlet).
Magic, jddu, m.
Magician, jddu-gar, m., and jddu-garni, £. : vide Witch.
Magnet, magnatts, f.
Magniloquent, 'arabl far si chhdntne^wald.
Maiden, kunwdri (unmarried).
Mail, ddk, f. :
"mel,^^ m., f., Eng.
Maintain, nihdhnd, to keep up (as one's position) man bap ki kifdla :
karrm (to maintain one's parents kifdlat k., also used for wife) pdlnd ; :
Maintenance, roti kaprd, or khdnd kaprd {dend) : nan o nafaqa : khur o posh.
Maize, makkd or maka,i.
'
Man, /
insdn (human being) : ddmi (ditto ;
also vulg. = servant ;
also
Mankind, vulg. = mard husband; more vulgarly still, wife)
i
mard :
(as
opposed to 'aurat) : jawdn, a young man ddam-zdd, mankind. ;
Manage, —
kd intizdm karnd, to administer vide Control. :
Manger, horses are generally fed in a ndnd, m., i.e. a large shallow porous
earthen vessel.
Mango, dm, m.
Manifest '
'
^i^® Evident zdhir-an, adv.
M *f tl \
^^^^^' :
Manoeuvre, ddon (or ddnw) ghat (^.), gen. (mil., or of a single person, or of
an animal).
Mansion, haveli.
MAN 96 MAS
Manufacture, [is mulk men kya kyd chlzen banti kain].
Manure, khad, f. {ddlnd).
Manuscript, qalamt kiiah ; hath H Ukht M,f kitdb : navishta, MS. not in
the form of a book.
Many, bahut; bahuierd: dher 5e, pi., or dher sdre^ or bahut sdre, very many.
Map, naqsha, [khtnchnd or banana) : khdkd (khtnchnd) (any outlined
ra.
or rough plan; but khdkd ufdnd, to caricature, of a drawing or des-
cription).
Marble, sang-imar mar, m. :
sang-i marmar kd — adj.
March, kuch karnd.
Margin, hdshiya
'
(of book or garment ; also a marginal note, and now a
foot-note) ;
vide Edge.
Marigold, gendd.
Marine, bahri, gen. (also the female of the Peregrine Falcon).
Mark, nishdn, m. 'aldmat (sign) vide Track nambar, m. (in an exam.).
;
: :
2700 Market, hdt, m. (lagnd) (spec, a weekly market) markit, m., a market- ;
Marsh, jhil, f.
•
'
Properly one who dies for the Faith; also anyone slain in a religious war, or
*
killed unjustly, or anyone dying from plague, etc., if he does not flee from it, or any
one dying a pitiful death as by fire or flood.
MAS 97 MEE
Masturbation, jalaq, m. {mama : muth {mama).
Match, diyd-sald,l^ :
fatila (for guns, etc. ; prop. wick).
Match, to, ke jor kd nahin
is this doesn't match: is ke jor kd hharido, —
match this for me at a shop sawdl o jawdh hond (of pictures, panels, :
windows, doors, etc.; i.e. matching in size and position, etc.): jor
lagdnd (in competitions).
Matchless, Id-sdni ; be-nazlr : he-misl.
Matchlock, tore-ddr banduq jazdHl (the long Afghan flint-lock). ;
Mate, jord :
—
kd jord lagnd, intr., to mate.
Mathematics, {'ilm-i) riydzi.
Matter, pip,i. (pus); mawddd, m., sing, (pus, etc.): mddda, m. (matter
as opposed to 'aql or ruh) : vide' .Affair: ko,i muzdyaqa nahin — jdne '
etc.) [boriydbistar = bag and baggage] sital pdti (cool for sleeping on). :
;
Mattress, toshak, f.
Mature, bdligh (of youths)jawdn (of humans or animals) vide Ripe and
: :
Young.
Maturity, bulu^, m. jawdm. :
pilgrimage).
Maxim, maqula.
Maximum, intihd,l darje kd (opp. to ibtidd,i darje kd).
Mean, nich, gen. (of people or things) : also chhotd kdm (a mean action) :
'
vide Estimate: qadd aur sma ndpnd (of recruits): ndp, f., subs.:
paimdyish, f. (of land also = survey) napnd or paimdnd m. (a vessel
; :
to measure quantity).
Meat, gosht, m. :
'
vide
'
Food ddna pdni
:
= meat and drink.
'
Mechanical, kal kd :
'
vide Machine.
Medal, tamgha; tag[hma.
Meddle, vide Interfere.
'
Medicine, dawd, f. ;
dawd ddru, f. ; dawd,%, vulg.
Mediocre, \ wdjibi (fair) ma'muli (ordinary) or aisd waisd (indifferent, not
:
Medium, )
up to average) ausat darje kd bich kd (average) manjhold
, ; :
(of size).
Meet, umh raste men mujh ko mild, I met liim on the road accidentally ;
but wuh mujh se mild, he met me by appointment: vide Encounter,
Assemble.
Meeting, vide Assembly muldqdt^ f. (of two parties).:
Mention,
^ —
— hd zikr k. : kd ndm lend (by name) zdbdn par land : qdbil-i :
Mercantile, tijdratt.
Merchant, tdjir, pi. tujjdr :
saudd-gar.
Merciful, bafd rahm-dil (of man) : bard-rahmrwdld or rahim (of God only) :
vide Compassionate.
Mercury, pdrd.
Mercy, rahm, m., gen. ; (of God or man) : Khudd ke fazl se, by the mercy
or grace of God.
1 Zikr is also a kind of religious gymnastic exercise in which the word Allah, or
one Attribute, is repeated with various contortions and by different muscles of the
throat and stomach, etc., etc.
MID 99 MIS
Mid-day, do-pahr, f.
Midnight, ddhi-rat.
Midwife, dd,i (also nurse) :
dd,i jand,i.
Milkman, gwdld (the caste)) : dudh-wdld (if not of the gwdld caste) :
gwdlin,
f., milk woman.
Mill, chakkl, gen., but spec, handmill :
pan-chakkl (water-mill).
Millet, kangni (small for avadavats, ; etc.) :
jawdr and hdjrd (large kinds
of millet).
dren etc.) munh chirdnd (to make faces at also to ape foolishly as
: ;
khasta [but khivdr alone also means disgraced and also mean].
;
Calamity, Ruin.
*
Misfortune, (kiai par) musibat parnd : vide
2800 Misgovern, bad-'amali k.
a story).
miss the mark) khaid k. (ditto, of the firer) na-milnd (of a person
: :
'
or thing, or a train) ''let '^-hond (to be late for main let ho-gayd,
:
;
*
gati jd'chukt ihi, I missed the train gdrl mujhe milte milte rah-ga,i). ;
Mistress, ustdnl (of school fem. of ustdd) bl-bi (of the house) ma'shuqa
; : :
(loved one).
Misunderstanding, ghalaUfahml (error in understanding).
Mix, mildnd, tr. ,
and mil-jdrid, intr. :
miUjul-jdnd, to commingle thoroughly.
Moan, kuknd, intr. (in grief only) : vide Groan.
imitate badly also to make faces) thatthd k. (to ridicule, deride also
; ; ;
Money, rupiya zar (lit. gold): paisd ; 'vide' Wealth: manl-beg, Eng.
;
Monotheist, muvahhid.
MON 101 MOU
Moon, chdnd, m., gen., but spec, new moon: chandhwm rat kd chdnd
(full moon) chandnl (moonlight, also tetanus in horses).
:
Mortar, hdwan dasta (mortar and pestle) : masdld, m. (for bricks) ; gdrd, m.
(of mud).
'
Mosque, masjid, f.
Mosquito, machchhar, m.
Most, ziydda se ziydda, or bahut hahut, at the most : vide Generally.
Moth, parwdna or patanga (that gets into the candle): kapre kd kird, (in
cloth).
' '
Mount, —
par charhnd ; sawdri k. (to ride): par charh-baithnd
— sawdr 2S60
hond (on or in anything) ko sawdr karnd or charhdnd^ tr. :
— ;
Mourn, —
kd mdtam karnd (ceremoniously at death) kurhnd (in the heart) : :
:
;
:
'
m., and gd,in, f., gen. (singer) Dom, m., and Domni, f. (a Hindu :
low caste).
Musk, mushk, m. :
kasluri, (the musk-deer).
Musky, wi^sMm,. = musk-coloured (i.e., jet-black of horses); and also
adj.
smelling of musk, of a mistress' tresses, etc.
Musk-rat, chhuchhundar ,
m.
Muslin, malmal, f. gen. shah-nam, f. (lit. dew) and db-i rawdn, m.
,
:
(lit.
Mutter, munh men bolnd (to speak too low) bar mdrnd (disconnected mut- :
a net suspended from the roof and used as a meat- or food-safe,' etc.).
mu^ammd, m.
'
Mystical,
Mythology, Purdn, m. (the Books deahng with the Hindu gods).
N
Nail, ndkhun, m. (of finger) :
mekh, f. (also a peg) :
preg, f. {thoknd or
jarnd) (of iron) :
kil^ i., gen.
Naive, albeld (also = graceful in movement or shape, of humans only ;
or
of deer, which by poets are compared to a mistress).
Naked, nangd : mddar-zdd nangd, stark naked :
nangd mungd (emphatic ;
Narcissus, nargis.
Narcotic, khivdb-dwar, producing sleep : nashila (prop, intoxicant).
Nature, Qudrat, f.
Naughty, nat-khat ; sharir (mischievous, wicked).
Nauseate, '\is dawd se mujhe matli dii hai = is dawd se merd jl matldtd
Nauseating, J hai.
1 Billi kl bhag se chhinka tfita — Prov. = "by the cat's good luck the meat-safe
broke (and fell on the floor)."
NEA 104 NIC
Neat, 8afd,\'pasand.
Necessaries, \?arMr, adj. and adv., but before a noun, zarurl :
{zaruriyat or
Necessary, J Zai^«i2ima<, necessaries, necessary things).
Necessity, zarurat, f. :
hdjat, f. (need).
Neck, gardariy f. ; gold, m. (prop, throat).
Necklace, hdr, m. (of jewels also garland) mdld, m., gen. (of beads, etc., ; ;
or anything).
Nectar, amrit or amrit pdni,^ ambrosia (the drink of the Hindu gods, con-
ferring immortality) : db-i haydt (the water of life).
Needle, su,l (also = kdntd, iiand of watch or clock): su,d (large, as sail-
maker's or cobbler's needle).
Neglect, "I
—se ghdfil rahnd (to be negligent of) :
ghajlat k. (on a parti-
Negligence, j cular occasion) : i;?c?e Careless.
Negotiation, sulh kd ndma o paydm {k.) (of peace) : band o bast, m. {k.)^
' '
Mp
'
Vhabshi, m. and habshaUy f.
(properly Abyssinian).
Neigh, hinhindnd.
Neighbour, parosi ; ham-sdya : paros, m., and ham-sdyagt, f.
(neighbour-
hood) ds-pds, m., vicinity (pi. idea).
:
Neither, na na, or na to
—
na : na yih na — wuh (of two things) : koi bh%
nahln, none (of two or a number).
Nephew, bhattjd, m. [bhattjl, f.] (brother's son) :
bhdnjd, m. [and bhdnjlf] f.
(sister's son).
Nettle, bichhutl (formerly used in Bengal for whipping small boys, onthe
thighs ;
the plants were first dipped in water to make them more
virulent).
'
News, khabar, f. :
gap, f. (bazar news or gossip).
Newsmonger, shahr-khabra.
Newspaper, akhbdr, m., sing. parcha, m., gen. (any newspaper or maga- :
' *
zine also issue of a paper).
;
1 Concealed in utter darkness. Alexander (the Great ?) sought for it but failed to
find it.
NIC 105 NOT
dj rat ko (to-night) wuh rdt dyd — he came last night but wuh rat ko
;
" he came at night."
dyd,
Nightingale, hazdr-ddstdn, (brought from Kabul, Persia, etc.); bulbul, m. (a
gen. term applied in Persia to the nightingale and to the bulbuls).
Nightmare, kdbus, m. (hond). >
[form)-
Nil, na-ddrad (used only in speech the plus sign + indicates nil, in a ;
Nip, noch-lend, tr. to nip off chutki lend (to pinch, also met. to make a snub-
,
:
Nobility, shardfat, f., gen. (of nature or family) 'dli khdnddni (of family) :
;
Nobly, sharifdna.
Nod, sar hildnd :
unghnd (in sleep also to have a nap, q.v.). ;
Noise, dwdz, (sound or voice) shor, m., or ghul, m., or shor o ghul, or ghul
f. ;
in excitement; uproar).
less ").
1
Armr, in Urdu, primarily raeans, a rich man.
NOT 106 OBL
Notice, main ne dekha hogd magar main ne khiyal nahln kiya (I must have
seen it but Observe notis, f., Eng. (a public
I didn't nofcioe it) : vide :
Notwithstanding,
— ke bd-umjud ; is par bh% (
— this).
Numb, sun.
Nurse, dd,i, gen. (also midwife) pildyi, subs, and adj. (wet-nurse)
: dudh r
timdr-ddr (of the sick) nars sdhiba (of an English woman- nurse).
:
Oar, dand, m.
O
:
chappu, m.
Oat, ja,l, f.
Oath, qasam, f.
(khdnd) ; saugand, f. (khdnd).
Obedience, tdbi* -dart {vnlg.) farmdn-barddrl. :
to do this).
Objection 'uzr, m. (excuse) i'tirdz, m. {k.) (take exception to) :
kaldm, m.
(lit. speech).
Objectionable, makruh (but in a rehg. sense only, without a strong mean-
ing) ;
qdbtl'i i'tirdz (objection may be taken to it).
Oblige,
—par majbur karnd or expressed by causal verb compounded with
chhofnd : vide Compel, Force.
»'
1 Vide Phillott's Hind. Man.," p. 182.
OBL 107 OFP
Obsequies, kiryd karm, m. (of Hindus): hajn dafn, m., or mitti manzil, /.
(of Muslims).
vide Remark and Perform. ' '
Obstreperous, cfhaugjid,i (also the name of a noisy bird, the Large Grey .
Babbler).
Obstruct, roknd ; haraj ddlnd: vide Hinder.
Obstruction, sadd, f., gen. ; rukdwat, f. : sudda (obstruction in the bowels).
Obtain, hdsil karnd.
Obviate hatdnd ; dur karnd
y ; tain a.
Occiput, guddi.
Occurrence, wdqi'a.
-
Ocean, vide Sea.
Octroi, chungl
Odour, bu, f.
(spec. bad).
Offal, chhichhrd, m. s
Offence,
—ka burd manna (to take offence at) vide Displeasure. :
Offer, pesh karnd or sdmne rakhnd : the Imperfect tense of dend = to offer
or the Inf. of dend with lagnd: charhdnd (to idols by Hindus, or on
shrines, etc., by Muslims) : vide Sacrifice.
the priest; not bribe except metaphorically) nazr, m., or niydz, f. (at :
qdyim-maqdm (officiating).
OFT 108 ORD
khaUi (oil-cake) :
teHyoilman by caste.
Ointment, marham, m.
Old, hufhd, adj. (of living things) buMhd, subs, an old man (also incor- :
age).
' *
fishan kd,
Olive, zaitun, m.
Omen, fdl, m., gen. shtigun, m. gen. ;
Once, ek bdr, f. (one time) kisl zamdne men (once upon a time :
; formerly) :
sweat in many places; of things only, but vide Sweat): rasnd (of
what oozes out of many places) nikalnd (of one or many places).
;
:
khule maiddn men (in open air but without men = publicly).
Openly, khullam khuld ; bar maid ; sar-i bdzdr ; danke ki chot [se] (all = pub-
licly) sdf sdf (w ithout reserve)
: sarih-an (clearly, plainly). :
Opinion, rdy, f.
Orange, ndrangl (with close skin) santara or sangtard (with loose skin). :
Ordinary, ma'muli.
1 But zM*/» weakness.
ORD 109 PAC
vide Cattle.
Pace, qadam, m. (a step) vide Amble qadam ha-qadam hond (to keep pace
: :
with, lit. and met. also to follow in the footsteps, of a son or a suc-
;
Pair, jord, m. or juft, f., male and female (also of shoes, etc. also a suit of ;
Palace, mahally m.
Palankeen, pdlkt, f.
Palate, tdlu, m.
Pale, pild or zard (lit. yellow ; from sickness) :
rang urnd or faq ho-jdnd
(from fear).
Pant, hdnpnd.
Pantomine, gungd sang.
Paper, kdghfiz, m. takhta (a single sheet of — not a folded sheet siydhu
—
: :
;
sokh (blotting )
:
'hldting,^ m., Eng.
Parade, qawd'id, f., sing, (drill) :
paret, f. : vide Show.
'
Pare, chhllnd.
Parents, man bap ; or walidain,^ pL, masc.
Part, hissa, m. (a portion) ; juz, m. (opp. to kull, the whole) : vide Share :
Party, fariq, m., or jamd'at, f., or guroh, f. (faction) firqa,m.. (sect) parti, : :
i., Eng. = da'wat, f. fariqain or jdnihain (Ar. dual the two parties ;
:
;
passport) :
darra, m., or ghdti (a defile, q.v., or mountain pass) vide :
Thrust.
Passage, surang, f.
(underground passage).
Passenger, musdfir (also = traveller) rdh-gir (a passer-by) musdfir gdri
") : :
vide Rage.
1
Prop, an Arabic dual.
^ Ram-chakor the snow- cock.
^^'^ 112 PED
Patented, rigistiri ahvda.^
Path, rah, f. : rasUi or rdsta, m. :
pag-dandi (a narrow foot- track).
Pathetic, dard-ndk ; jdn-giiddz (tragic).
Patience, sabr, m. (also self-restraint and resignation).
Patient, bimdr or martz.
Patriarch, hafd burhd {the head of a family or a village) : sarddr (in a flock
of animals).
Pawn, giraw (m.) rakhnd or bandhak (m.) rakhnd : piydda, m. (at chess) :
sate chukdnd (to pay off) qarz ddd karnd (to pay off debts).
:
;
Paymaster, bakhshi.
Peace, sulh, f. (k.) (between two
parties); chain, m., or drdm, m. (tranquil-
lity) ; aman, m., or amdn, f. (state of
peace as opposed to war also ;
3150 Peaceable, sulh-pasand : sulh-i kull, adj. = lives at peace with all creeds.
Peace-maker, sulh-kdr.
Peach, dm, m. ; shaftdlu, m. ; noki, f. (a flat kind).
Peacock, mor, m. ; mm-ni, f.
Peak, chotl (tip of anything; also a pig-tail, and the crest of a bird).
Pear, ndshpdti.
Pea, matar, m.
Pearl, moti, m.
Pebble, kankar, m. (small) :
patthar kd chashma, (for spectacles).
Peck, chonch mdrnd.
Peculation, gisiban^ m. (k.) :
'
vide' Embezzle.
'
Peculiar, anokhd odd
'
Pedigree, shajara (the tree itself) : silsila pahuhchdnd, (to trace one's
— ).
Peep, jhanknd.
Peevish, chirchird.
Peg, mekh, f. (also nail) : khuntd (large) and khuntl (small) (of wood).
Pen, qalam, m., f. (also a cutting or anything shaped like a pen).
Penance, vide Atone.
' '
Pencil, pinsil, f. ;
vide Brush.
Pendulum, langar, m. (also anchor) ; tik-tiki. [remain).
'
"
Pension, pinshan,'* m., and vulg., plnis and pinsil; wazlja ; wazifa-
khwdr or pinshan-ydfta (pensioner).
Pentateuch, taurdty f.
Pepper, mirch, f. ;
kdli mirch (black — )
:
gol mirch (pepper corns) ;
Idl
mirch (red chillies).
"
Peppermint, jdparmint, f., Eng.
Perch, addd, m.
Peregrine, bahri, f. (the falcon).
Peremptory, ia^kldi hukm (
— order) ;
or (in a bad sense) Nddir-Shdht hukm.
Peremptorily, hdkirmna taur par : sdhibl k. (to act — ;
of people of low rank).
it is some time, a month or two, since I heard from him) but muddat
hu,i ki —
*'
it is an age, a year or two since )."
— ;
Perplex, pareshdn k.
Persecuted, ]
»-^ ^^ '
^^^^^ ^^-
Perseverance, istiqlal^ m. ; himmat, i.
(vulg. in this sense).
Persist, kisi chlz par israr, (m.) karnd.
Persistent, ziddi, vide Obstinate.
Petrify, pathardnd.
Petticoat, ghdgrd, m. (a woman's skirt or dress ; hence ghdgrd paltan, a
kilted regiment).
Pick, vide Cull, Pluck: chunnd (to pick off; but chhurdnd, of sticky things
Uke burrs) khildl karnd (
: the teeth) vide Select chiignd (pick up — : :
Pig, 8uwar, m. suwarnl, f. (many people won't mention these words espe-
;
* '
Pilgrim, hdji, pi. hujjdj (to Mekkah ; properly one who has performed the
journey to Mekkah) zd^ir (to :
any shrine or sacred place Muslim) ;
:
jdtrd or tirath, m.
Pipe, paip, Eng., m. (for smoking, or for water): nal, m. (for water) ;
'
Piss-pot, pat, m.
Pistol, pistaul, m. or tamancha, m. {mdrnd or chhornd).
Pit, garhd, m. : vide' Well pdll^ f. (a cock-pit) vide
'
: : Pit-fall,
Pitch, qlr, m. : khard karnd or ddlnd (to pitch a tent) a,nd gird-dend (strike
a tent).
Pitcher, kuza, m. .
Piteous, dard-ndk.
Pit-fall, chor-garhd, ra.
' '
Pith, gud, m. ;
vide Marrow.
PIT 116 PLO
Place, jagah, muqam, m. rakhna or dharna (to place, put vide Post.
f. : : :
'
Plain, maiddnf m.
*
vide Evident sdda:
(simple not ornamented) :
'
:
vide Device.
Plank, taJchta, m.
Plant, paudd^ m. (lagdnd).
Plantain, keld, m.
Plaster, kah-gil, f. (k.) (of mud, etc.) :
gach, f. (of a pakkd building ;
vide
Cement) :
pldstar, m., med.
Plate, rikdbi: [bartan, m., is a utensil].
Platform, chabutardy m. machdn, m. (a bird-scarer's, etc., for shooting
:
Play, khel, m. :
khelnd, tr. (to sport) :
bajdnd (of music) :
chhutnd, intr.
(of fountains or fire- works).
Playfellow, hain-joli.
Pleader, vaJdl.
Pleasant, khush-gawdr (of climate, or of things to the taste) :
margkub
(ditto).
Plough, to, fzamm par hal (m.) jotnd, or mmtn ko jotna: halwahd or hal-
Ploughman, \ jotyd (a ploughman).
Pluck, tornd, tr.
Plug, ddt, i. (lagdnd) (is any small plug for insertion in a hole).
Plum, dluchd, m. :
ber, m. (in the Panjab the wild ber).
Plump, guddz {
with chihra or badan of children or grown-ups).
;
Plunder, lutnd, tr. ; lut machdn'i (of a general plundering) lut, f., or : lut kd
mdl, subs.
Pocket, jeb, f. :
pdkat, f., Eng. (of big coat-pockets; not of waist-coat
pockets).
Pocket-hook, jebi-kitdb ; pdkat-buk, i., Eng.
Pocket-money, jeb-kharch. m.
'
3300
Pock-marked, chechak-ru.
Poem, nazm, f. shi'r, m. :
(a couplet; and also poetry).
Poet, shd'ir, m., and shd'ira, f.
:
'
vide
'
Aim and Thrust.
Poise, tolnd, tr. (of a weapon ;
also = to weigh).
Poison, zahr, m. :
bis, m. : zahr-i haldhil (deadly — ).
Poisonous, zahrild.
Poke, khonchd mdrnd (thrust, q.v. ; poke) :
ghusernd, tr. (to thrust or poke
in).
Polar-star, Qutub-tdrd, m.
Pole, balli: chob, m. (of tent).
Police, pulis (if fem. = the body of pulls ; if masc. a policeman) : kdns-
tibil, m., Eng. (a constable).
Policy, pdlisl, f. (of Govt, etc.), Eng. :
tadbir, f. (plan).
shdyistagi (refinement).
Polite, hhaliq :
ikhldq kd.
Pollute, ganda k. (of water) : chalan bigdrnd, tr. (morally) :
nd-pdk or najis
karnd (relig.).
Polytheist, mushrik.
Pomegranate, andr, m.
Pommel, harnd, m. (of saddle).
Pomp, tumtardq, f.
(also pomposity) ;
dhum dhdm, f. ;
shdn o shaukat, f.
Pompous, tumtardq-wdld.
Pond, tdldjO, m. (tank) ddbar, m. :
(a small pond) : kund (larger than former).
Ponder, — par ghaur k. ; sochnd.
Pony, m. ; tattu.dnl, f
tattu, ydbu .
; (a Kabuli pony of coarse breed) :.
Poppy, khash khash, m. (the seed) ddne rotl (chapati with poppy-seed) ;
H :
Popular, har dil 'aziz (liked; of people) ; 'amm-pasmid (of things) : 'dmm
(common).
Population, dbddi (of people ; also = cultivation).
Populous, dbdd.
Porch, barsdtx (also a waterproof; a disease in horses).
Porcupine, sdhly f.
Porous, db'khora (of earthenware).
Porpoise, ms, m.
Porridge, dcUyd^ m. (properly made of ddl).
Postage, m^hsul, m.
Posterity, dyanda nasi, f.
Pound, kutnd, tr. (to pound fine) jaii-kob karnd (to pound roughly) ku- :
—
:
1
Always translated tulip. Why ?
POU 119 PRE
Pour, undelnd, tr ; gen. (to pour out of a vessel): dhalnd, tr. (ditto of
liquids only ;
also to cast metals) ; bahdnd, tr. (to wash away by poui;-^
ing, etc.).
Pout, munh phuldnd (the cheeks) munh thutkana ( the lips) honth or
:
— :
Powder, sufuf, Ar., m., gen. {k.) and bukni, H., gen. {buknd, verb), {phakki, 3350
'
Grind.
Power, vide Strength ikhtiydr, m. (authority)
: men kyd majdl ki aisd :
attorney).
Powerful, zor-dwar (ht. or met.); tdqat-war (gen. met.); zabar-dast (met.)
(also tyrannical) shdhzor (of bodily strength) vide Strong.
: :
quially praise ') sardhnd, tr. verb. hamd, m. (k.) (of God).
: :
Prayer, nam.dz, f. (parhnd) (of the stated liturgical Muslim prayers) du'd, f. :
{mdngnd or karnd) (in the Christian sense but du'd dend, to bless) ;
:
vide Entreat.
Preach, wa'z, (m.) kahnd or karnd (sermon) :
chup raho wa'z na-kaho (shut
up, don't preach).
Preacher, wd'iz.
Precarious, mashkuk (of a sick person) be-sabdt guzrdn :
(
— livelihood).
Precaution, ihtiydi, L {k.) :vide Cautious and Prevent.
Precedent, nazir, f. (authoritative example).
Precept, nasihat^ f. (admonition generally) :
pand m. (precepts given by
sages or superior people).
Precipitancy, jald-bdzi kd kdm.
Precipitation, harbari (too much hurry) harbariyd, one who always acts :
{k.) m.
'
Preparation, taiydrl, f. {k.) ; {band o bast vide :
Arrangement.
Prepare, taiydr karnd (food, etc. ; requires an object). Vide Ready.
Prepuce, {kd) ghildj, m. ; {ki) topi, f. vide Foreskin.
:
1
All the names of fishes are feminine because machhll is feminine.
PRE 120 PRI
Prescience, ghoih-ddm.
* '
mere ausan Jchatd ho-ga^e or hosh jdte rahe (I lost presence of mind). my
Present, hdzir or maujud (as opposed to absent vide Hind. Man., p. 36 (a) ;
mnna (the present time) nazr, f. jjc. or pesh k.) (gift to superiors) :
;
Presentiment, wert dil par yih hat khul-ga,i tJii ki ('to liave anticipation
of ') : merd dil kahla hai ki (ditto).
—
Preserve, htfdzat se rakhnd (to keep safe) : murabbd banana or ddlnd (of
fruits).
juice) nichornd, tr. (to squeeze out or wring out water) dabdnd, tr.
: :
and dabnd, int. (exert pressure from top): vide Incite, Urge dabd,o (or :
Pretence, bahdna {k.) : with bahrd ban-gayd or bahre-pan kd sdng Idyd (he
pretended to be deaf) us ne hakim kd rup bhard (he pretended to :
price a thing).
Private, khass ; nij ka ; zat% : tanhd,i men (in private; but khilwat men, in
a private room).
Privilege, ri'dyat, f. ; ri'dyati rukhsat, privilege leave. [a screen).
Privy, pd,e-khd7ia, m. [jdnd] ; jd-e zarur, f. (jdnd) ; tatti, f. (jdnd) vulg. (lit. 3400
Prize, in' dm, m. (also reward) vide Booty tuhfa, m. (a rare thing)
: :
;
chitthi kis ke ndm par nikld (who drew the prize ?) 'azlz rakhnd, v. ;
p .
'
.
>i'ldn, m. (k,) : munddi k. (by crier q.v.) : vide Advertise.
Prop, tek, m.
Proper, mundsib : thxk (right) ;
vide Special.
Propitiate, mandna.
Proportion, Hinduon Id ta'ddd ko Musalmdnon ki ta'ddd se kyd niabai hai
(what proportion do the Hindus bear to the MusUma ?).
Prose, na^Ty f.
Prosper, phulnd phalnd, lit. or met. : tumhen faldh nahin hogi (you won't
prosper).
Prosperous, phald phuld, gen. gulzdr (of cities) raunaq-ddr (of places). : :
' '
Pudenda, sharm-gdh, f.
Pull, khinchnd.
Pumpkin, kadu, m.
Pun, jugat, i. (k,).
Punch, Guldho Shitdbo (two kath-putlis or puppets one is married and the ;
Puppet, kath-putli.
Purchase, vide Buy and Obtain saudd, m. (things bought spec, daily ; ;
purchases, marketings).
—
Pure, khdlis or nirdld (not adulterated did, m., = alloy) vide Clear. ;
:
'
a
Quadruped, char- pay or chau-pdya.
Quail, bater, m. and J/iwd, m. (different species)
;
bater-bdzl :
[k.) (quail-
fighting).
QUA 124 RAC
Quarrel, lara.t {k.) ; jhagrd {k.) ; qa^iya {k.) m. : vide Enmity : tu tu^ main
niaihy f. {k.) (in words).
mdngnd, (to give or ask for quarter in a fight) muthbher, (f.) hond (to :
sadar) (head-quarters).
Queen, malika: rant.
Quench, bujhdnd, tr. (fire or thirst) thandd k. (fire) tel se dg nahin bujhti
: :
—
Prov. (
= fire is not quenched by tow) os se pyds nahin bujhti, Prov. :
Quicksand, chor-bdlH, f.
Quicksilver, pdrd. m.
Quiet, khdmosh or kam-sukhan (silent) :
gkcirib or miskin or sudhd (of
animals): vide Harmless: sanndtd, m., also adj. or sunsdn-pan, m.
(quietude, silence).
Quietly, chup-chdp ; dhista (also slowly and in a low voice) : chain se.
Quilt, razdJ, f, (light, for day- wear also): lihdf, m. (heavy; for night
only).
Quince, bihi.
Quinsy, khundq, m.
Quire, dasta (24 sheets).
Quit, vide Abandon, Depart.
Quite, bilkull :
purd : sardsar.
kd ghord (race-horse).
1
i.e. tu tu instead of respectful Ap.
RAC 126 RAS
Railing, katahrd, m. :
jangld, m.
Railroad, rel kx sarak.
Raiment, lihds, m. poshdk, f. vide Clothes. ; ;
Raise, uthdnd : khard karnd (to make to stand) awdz unchl or haland :
karnd : ugdnd (to cause to grow) pdlnd, tr. (of cattle, etc.) diwdr : :
uthdnd, tr. ( —
a wall) murda zinda karnu or uthdnd (to raise the dead).
:
'
*uhda, m.
'
Rank, darja, m. ;
:vide Line.
Ransom, fidya, m. :
khun-bahd, m.
Rap, khat khatdnd.
Rapid, iez (bahnd) (of a stream).
^''^^ Hasty :
mutahavvir, adj. {tahawur, subs.)
Rashness (
The Pers. and T. chapaw and chapu do not give the idea of a night raid only.
RAT 126 REC
Rat, chuha, m. ; [and chuhi, mouse].
Rate, 6M,o, m. nirkh, m. (bazar rate)
; : turn kaprd kya hisdb ld,e (at what
rate did you buy the cloth ?)
Ravage, virdn k. ;
Plunder, vide etc.
Read, parhnd (to oneself; also to study, learn); pafhkar sundnd, or sund-
7id (to read aloud).
Reality, haqiqaty f.
opp. to dga).
Reason, vide Cause idrdk or 'aql-i insdnl (opp. to 'aql-i haiwdni) sam^
: :
tarklb, f. (recipe).
Receive, milnd (in a visiting sense) vide Acceptance, Suffer : : mihmdn kd
istiqhdl karnd (to receive guests).
Receiver, thdngi, m. (
— of stolen goods) : rasivar Eng. leg. (in bankruptcy).
Rernti 1 ^^^
^ '
^^ ^^^^ (recently) : vide Fresh.
Recite, sundnd.
Reckless, be-parwd.
Recoil, pichhe dtd rahnd but pichhe jdtd rahnd (to recoil away for one) .
Refrain,
— se bdz rahnd ;
— se parhez karnd.
' '
Refugee, pandh-guzin.
Refusal, inkdr, m. {k.).
Refuse, fuzla, m.; raddi, adj. (waste): chhdntan, m. (what is left after
sorting and selection).
Refute, jhuthd sdbit karnd : radd karnd.
Regard, vide Respect, Esteem, Attention, Look :
— kd lihdz karnd.
Regimen, parhez, m. (med.)
Regiment, paltan, f. (of foot) :
risdla, m. (cavalry, spec, native) :
rigmint,
f. (Brit. Cavalry).
'
Reliable, muHabar :
•
vide Confidence.
Relic, tabarruk, m. (also sacred things brought from Mecca, Kerbela, etc..
Relief, vide Ease
chhutkdrd (from duty) badli (of Regiments).
: :
Relieve, dil kd bukhdr nikdlnd (to relieve one's mind, of anger, grief, re-
venge).
Religion, mazhaby m. [also = sect; dm, m., gen.: dharam, m. (for Hindus)] ;
Remain, vide Stay, Dwell; bachmi or bdqi ra^wa (to be left over) pichhe :
involuntarily).
Remainder, bdqi.
Remedy, Hldj, m. {k.) ; chdra, m. dawd, f. vide Reparation. ; ;
Remember, ydd, {(.), k. (to recall to mind) ydd rakhnd (keep : in mind) :
' '
Remove, uthkar chald-jdna (to another house) : vide Take away and Shoe.
Rend, phdrnd or chdk karnd (to tear or spUt, either by hand or by an instru-
ment) chtmd (to saw or spUt with an instrument) phdrkar khdnd
: :
Rendezvous, addd or akhdrd (gen. for bad characters) : vide Perch, Arena.
Renegade, murtadd (from Islam) ghaddEr (traitor; also one that fights :
'
'
Renounce, chhor-dend ; lark karnd ; se hdih uthdnd, vide Abandon — ' '
Rent, chdk, m. (in cloth or paper) vide Split: kirdya (of house or land)
— dend, to
kirdye (par) lend (but
;
let).
:
Repair,
— ki marammat karnd — ko durust karnd. :
money ;
also a penalty; in both cases fixed by a community).
Repartee, hazir-jawdbt ,
subs. :
hdzir-jawdb adj. ,
'
Repeat, pihir kahnd (to say the same thing again) but " repeat this after ;
me "Ms jaisd main kahun tum hhi kaho, or jaisd main kahtd jd^un turn
hhi kahle jd,o : duhrdnd (to say a second time ; also to repeat some-
thing to a third person) ratnd (say over and over again, as a lesson)
: :
vide Parrot.
Repeatedly, bdr bdr (f.) gen. : bdr-hd (of past time) ; mukarrar (a second
time).
Repent, tauba karnd (of sin) also main ne tauba ki = 1 won't do this again
:
(of sin or any ordinary act) hath malnd (to regret, q.v.). :
Repine,
— —
par jhurnd, or ko dekh-kar jhurnd (pine, wither): vide Com- 3650
plain.
' '
Resemblance, mushdbahat ,
i.
Resemble, mushdbih hond : wuh ek dusre se milte julte hain (they resemble
each other).
Resent, —kd burd mdnnd.
Resentment, ranj o ghussa.
Reserve, rakh-chhornd (to put aside) : rok-rakhnd — ' *
rizarv
' '
karnd =
khdss karnd.
17
RES 130 REV
Respect, adaby m. (k.) ; ta'zlm, f. {k.) : Hzzat, f. vide Honour har tarah
se (in every respect) ke bare :
— men
(k) ;
vide Remainder and Stay, Sojourn, etc. dam lend (to rest for a few :
minutes).
Restless, be-qardr (in mind only) be-chain (of : mind or movement) : chan-
chal (in movement inattentive). ;
Restrain, roknd, tr. (anger, etc.; also stop): vide Stop, Confine :
gjLUSsa
dabdnd or ghontnd or pl-jdnd (to restrain anger).
Restrict, qaid lagdnd.
Resurrection, hashr, m. ; roz-i qiydmat, m.
Retail, )
Jchurda-faroshi k. (as opp. to thok-faroshi k.) ; khurda-farosh (re-
Retailer, i tailer).
Return, phirnd intr. and phernd tr. palatnd intr. (and tr.) ; wdpas jdnd
and hond ; lautnd (tr. lautdnd)
;
; laut-jdnd and
—
and : wdpasl kirdya
(return hire).
Reveal, {kisl par) kholnd, tr. and khulnd, intr. ; gihctib se khulnd.
Revel, maza lutnu (without an object; enjoy to the fuH.in the company
of persons only) : Ichub maza requires an object
lend, gen. (revel in :
with se) : maza urdnd (to enjoy oneself thoroughly with or without ;
an object).
Revenge, badld, (m.) lend; intiqdm (m.), lend.
Revengeful, shutur-ldna ; kina-parwar : kapti (lit. deceitful).
Revenue, mdl-guzdri (on land) dmadani (total income or revenue :
;
also
= imports).
REV 131 RIS
Revere, huzurg jannd : ta'ztm k. (in mind and in actions) : manna {in mind).
Reverse, ulat-dena :
zak, f. (uthdnd) (mil.).
Revise,
— par nazar-i sdni k. : dmokhta parhnd (an old lesson).
Revive, hosh men dnd : phir tdza hond (of flowers) but tdza-dam hond ; (of
persons).
Revoke, pher lend, (of a promise) : vide Cancel.
Ride, sawdr hond charhd hu,d hond : main sawdr gayd (I rode there).
;
Ridicule, kisl par hansrwi, or kisi par tdliydn bajdn^: kisi ki hansi urdnd.
Ridiculous, is khiydl par hansi dti hai — khiydl-i hhdm.
Rifle, rafal, f., Eng.
Rig, ek-andiyd (of horse).
'
(claim).
Righteous, Khudd-iars (God-fearing) vide Religious. :
Rigid, kasd hu,d: sahht or akrd hu,d (of a corpse): kdth ho-gayd (from
fear) sahht (in principles) [also expressed by a paraphrase].
: :
Ringworm, ddd, f.
Rise, uthnd : uth khard hond (to stand up) baland or unchd hond or :
charhnd (of a kite or a bird) phutkar nikalnd (or a river at its source) •
—
:
;
darya, m. (river).
' '
Road, safak, f. (big public way) rasta or rdsta, gen. (any way) vide : :
Roan, garrd, red roan chint or china, any colour with white flecks or
:
thatthdmdrna (to roar with laughter) gAurrdnd, intr. (to growl lit. ; ;
and met.).
Roast, kabdb k. (of meat only ; over a fire) bhunnd, tr. : and bhunnd, intr.
(to roast, to fry, and to parch ; to roast coffee).
Rob, lutnd.tr. (by force) chori karnd (by stealth) vide Dacoit, etc., and
: :
Break througn.
Robber, ddku ; baUmdr (highway man) luteru (plunderer). :
Robust, hatta kattd (sound and well, spec, of young men) mold tdza ;
(of
young or old) qam tawdnd, gen. (ditto) vide Sturdy and Alive.
: :
Whip, Mace
*
' '
Roundness, gold,i.
Row, vide Line vide Noise, Tumult: khend, tr., gen. (make a boat go)
: :
Rub, malnd, tr. masalnd, tr. (to rub with force with the hand, or crush
;
intr. (and ghisnd, tr.) (to be worn): ragarnd, tr., and ragar khdnd,
intr., to abrade, excoriate ; also to grate).
Ruby, la'l^ m. :
ydqut, m.
Rudder, patwdr, m. ; sukkdn, m.
Rude, be-hangdm (primitive, etc; of people) : rukhd and Tchushk (of man-
ners) ;
vide Uncivil and Ill-mannered.
Rudeness, gustdkhi (impertinence) shokhl (sauciness) dhithd,i (boldness
: :
and rudeness) :
bad-akhldqi or rukhd-pan (opp. to civility).
Rudiments, usul, gen., sing., masc; qd'ide pi.
Rug, qdlicha small carpet) jd,e-ndmdz (prayer- carpet or mat, etc.)
(a ; ;
gillm, m. (without pile) namda (felt) d^rl (of cotton) shatranfi (orig. : : :
q.v.) tariqa (custom, q.v.); vide Govern: rul, m., Eng. (a ruler for
:
lines) ;
rul dend
'
Ruler, hdkim ;
'
vide Govern and Rule.
Rum, ram shardb, f.
Rumble, gur gur (or qur qur, k. (of stomach) ; qardqur k. (ditto) :
qhar-
ghardhat, f.
(of heavy vehicles; of distant thunder).
Ruminate, vide Cud.
RUM 134 SAI
Rupture, phut, f. :
fitq, m. (the injury).
Ruse, dd,on ghdt.
Rush, jhapatnd, intr. (also to pounce upon): pilnd, intr.,' dhas-parnd
(prop, to sink into mud) ghus-parrm (to rush into) relkar-jdnd [relm : : ,
Sabre, talwdr, f. {mdrnd; but with chaldnd to aim a blow with a sabre).
Sack, bora, m. ; gifiirai karnd, v. : vide Plunder.
Safe-conduct, badraqa.
Saffron, za'fardn, m.; kesar, m.
Sage, hakim (philosopher) vide Wise, :
Sail, bdd-bdn or pal, m. ( kholnd to set sail) jahdz men safar karnd,
;
— : v. ;
rishl or muni (Hindu) ; sddhu, jogi, sanydsi, and bairdgi are classes of
Hindu ascetics.
I It is still commonly believed that the English bury Indians alive under the
pillars of any new bridge.
SAL 135 SCA
f• f.
Sale, hikrti / farokht,
Salient, hahar ka kond (vulg. ; oppos. to andar ka kona re-entrant angle).
Salted, / (
=an old salt) khan or shor, adj. (of water or land) namkin
: ;
Salutation, saldm, m., or tasEm, gen. (karnd ; but with kahnd = present f.,
my compliments to) handagl (k.) (to superiors of any sect not used
:
;
by strict Muslims) Ram Ram {kahnd) (to equals) and parndm {k.) (to
:
gurus and pandits) are common Hindu forms salami (with guns). :
Salve, marham, m.
'
Sanction, manzurt, f.
diljama'l : vide
^^'''''' ^''^^-
sftisfactorUy,}^^^'''*-^'^^^
Satisfied, merd itmindn ho-gayd: '
vide' Sufficient.
Saturday, sanlchar, m., gen. hafta, m. (Muslim). :
always of articulate speech vide Hind. Man., pp. 43 and 94), bolnd, ;
Scald-headed, ganja.
Scale )
r^''^^' *^- 5 P«^^« (o>^e side): chhilkd, m. (of fish).
Scales
Schemer, tadhlriya, adj. (gen. in bad sense) mudabbir (in good sense). :
'
Scholar, 'dlim ; fdzil (more than 'dlim) : vide Pupil. ''
ydnjl (in a maktab) ; maulam (teacher of Ar. and Per.) Pandit (of :
Scrape, khurachnd.
SCR 137 SEE
call out, make a noise, to shrill, etc., etc. of anger, sorrow, fear, ; etc.).
Screw, 'pech, m. {se hand karnd) ; pech lagdnd (to put in a screw) :
pech
kasnd (screw up).
Scribble, dhar-ghasitnd or ghasit-dalnd (to scribble off).
Scrotum, khusiye H thaili.
Scuffle, hdthd pd^i {k.) (slight) :
dhmgd mushti (k) : vide Struggle.
Scum, phen, or jhdg, m. (also foam of the sea).
Scurf, rust.
Scurvy, masurhe kl himdri (amongst Sepoys ; lit. disease of the gums).
Sea, samundar, m. kd kindra ( shore). ;
— —
Seal, muhr, f. (lagdnd or karnd).
Seam, darz, f. (of cloth or boards).
'
Search, taldsh
'
drive in).
Seduce, vide Incite bahkdnd, tr. (lead from the right course) bigdrnd, tr,
: :
' '
See, dekhnd, tr. Look, Meet, Visit.
; vide
Seed, bij, m. or tukhm, m. (of plants) nutfa, m. (human; ; vide also Semen).
Seek, dhundnd, tr. ; talash k. :
khojnd, tr. (also to track) : vide Ask for.
Seem, ma'lum hond ; zdhir hond (but sdf zdhir hond to be evident) : vide
Appear.
18
SEI 138 SET
Seize, vide Apprehend, Catch -par jhapatnd (to pounce on ; ; also to rush) :
Sense, hiss, f., pi. hawdss, m. (the senses) : ma'mvM samajh.i. (common-
sense; a modern term).
Senseless, be-hosh (in a stupor) : be-hiss (numb, q.v. ;
lit. and fig.).
Servant, naukar : naukar chdkar, pi. khddim (by the vulg. used only^ :
Serve, khidmat k. gen. (also to look after) : naukrl k. (work for, on hire).
Service, naukrl :
muldzamat, f. :
khidmat, f. (attendance).
'
/amna, intr., and jamdnd, tr. (curdle, etc.): pakkd hond (to become^
hard of cement) vide Appoint jornd, tr., and jurnd, intr. (of broken
; ; :
hone) bithdnd, tr. (of dislocation): set, m., Eng. (of buttons, tea-
',
earth; also become clear, of liquids) chukdnd, tr., or add k. (of debts). :
Sewing, sila,i :
sild,l ki kal (sewing machine). [sex).
vide Screen.
Shadow, parchhd,in, f. :
sdya (also = shade).
Shady, sdya-dur.
Shaft, bam, m. (of carriage).
jd'Saktd hai, or dubd,o pdni nahm hai, (of water vide Ford). ;
Shed, sdya-bdn, m.
Sheep, bher, f. gen. ; bheri, f. (ewe) ; bherd or mendhd (ram) :
dumba, m.
(fat-tailed sheep) ; dumbi, f.
Not of the contained : is da ya kl tah uthll hai (not darya uthli hai).
SHE 140 SHO
3960 Shell, stp, f. (oyster shell) ghonga, m. (sliells not flat shaped like a :
;
m. (defence) :
sdya (shade, shadow, protection of human beings).
Shepherd, gadaryd.
Shield, dhdl, f. ; sipar, f.
Shock, sadma
'
: vide Collide.
Shoe, gurgdbi (native shoe) :
silpat, f .
(slipper) :
jiitd or juti, gen. .' vide
Boot; naH, m. [hdndhnd) (horse-shoe): khol-handl (A;.), (to pare and
reshoe with old shoes ) vide Cobbler and Slipper. :
Shoeless, nange-pd,on.
Shoot, goU, etc.^ chaldnd, tr., gen. goli, etc., se mdrnd (to shoot and kill) is
—
: :
chlz ko goli mdro ( = put the etc. etc., thing out of your mind let it ;
sport).
Shop, dukdn, f. dukdn barhdnd (to close the shop at night
:
;
but dukdn
band k. on Sunday or holidays, etc.) uthd,i-gird (a ; shop-lifter) :
dukdn-ddr (shop-keeper) .
Short-lived, kam-haydt.
Short-sighted, kotdh-nazar (lit. and met).
Shot, charrd, m.
Shoulder, kandhd, m. ; mondhd, m. (point of shoulder) dhakkam dhakkd :
karke jdnd — rel pel kar jdnd (to shoulder one's way through a crowd) :
Shove, dhakelnd, tr.; dhakkd dend (to push anyhow, jostle, elbow): vide
Shoulder and Push.
Shovel, belcha.
Show, dikhdnd or dikhldnd, nishdn dend (point out)) zdhir k. (bring
tr. : :
Guide, Prove :
dikhdwd, m. (outward show).
' In Persian a chimney.
SHO 141 SIM
Shun, -se kindra karnd; parhez k. ; se bachnd ; dur or bdzrahnd: vide Avoid. —
' '
vw^eVomit: rogl {one who is always sick from one disease, or from
many not hale). ;
Sickle, dardnti.
Side, taraf,f. or jdnib, f. (direction) pahlu or bagfuxl (m.) men (by the side :
'
Sigh, ah (f.) {karnd\ ; sans (f.) bharnd: kurhnd, intr. (to fret).
tamdsJm, m. (spectacle) :
darsJiani, adj. (at sight, of a bill).
Significant, pur-matlab.
Signify, ma'iii rakhnd (mean) kuchh nahlh (it does not signify). :
Silence, khdmoshi ; sukut, m. : chup, f., subs, and adj.; kam-sukhani {oi
little speech).
Silent, chup; khdmosh ; chupkd = kam-suhhan ; gup-chup (reserved).
Silently, chup-chdp : dabe pd.on
{se) (with silent foot-fall).
^"'^<'' Likeness.
s'imiiSty, ]'^^'
1 But qiPorhandl fortifying.
SIM 142 SKI
Simile, iaskbih, f.
Sit, baithnd, intr. khdne par baithnd (to sit at a meal) uth-baithnd {to sit up
;
:
from a recumbent position) tashnf raknd, tr. (polite) send, tr. (on .* :
Site, maqdm, m.
Situated, wdqi* .
Situation, jagah, f. or naukrl (of service) yih : makdn achchhe mauqa' par
hai (the situation of this house is good).
Skin-flint, makkhi-chus (one who would suck a fly that falls into his dish).
Skip, uchhal kud (f.) karnd, gen, kulelen k. (to skip about like a deer be : ;
Skirt, daman, m. ;
god, in. (lap).
Skulk, dabka-phirnd.
Sky, dsman.
Slack, dhild (loose of things also ;
slack of people) : suat (lazy ;
also 4050
'
Slanting, salami.
Slap, tamdncha k. or thappar (m.) (mdrnd) (on face): chapat, f., or tarl, f.
(on head).
Slate, silet, f., Eng. (for writing on).
Slaughter, zibh k. (cut the throat, spec, for food).
Slave '
)
«. [
(fhuldm: ghuldml (slavery).
nlnd dnd or dnkh lagnd (to fall asleep) so-jdnd (to fall asleep, in- :
= mere pd,on men, jhinjhini hai (my foot has gone to sleep).
Sleepy, nlnddsd (of people) : nlnd dtl hai : nlnd kd mdtd (mdtd = matwdld) ;
* '
vide Soporific.
Sleeve, dstln, f .
Sleight, dast'Chdldki.
Slender, vide Fine and Slim.
Slice, qdsh, f. ; phdnk, f. (of bread or fruit).
Slippery, phislahd.
Slit. cJmk, m. (or rent, etc.)
Slope, dlmlwln zamin.
Sloping, dhdlu or dhdlwdn.
Sloven, uljalulf adj., gen. :
bad-saliqa (untidy in method, not in dress).
* '
Slowness, sust-raftdrl.
Slur, dd§[k. or dhabbd, m. (stain).
'
Small, chhotd :
'
vide Short and Tiny.
Small-pox, chechak, f . : sltld, f.
SMA 144 SOF
Smell, sunghna, intr., gen., but bu dend, intr. (of bad smell) ;
tr. ; mahaknd,
bu pdnd, tr. (to get the scent of, as a dog).
Smile, muskurdnd, intr. muskurdhat, f. ;
Smoke, dhudn, m. [dend] (vulg. also fog) huqqa or tambdku, etc. pind (to :
smoke).
Smooth, chiknd (opp. of khurdurd).
Smother, express by a paraphrase.
Smuggle, 9'
W- man k. :
(ghat-rmr, smuggler).
Snaffle, qaza,i.
Snake, sdnp, m.
Snap, chat se tornd, tr. .•
karkardnd, intr. : muhh lapkdnd, tr. (to snap at but
miss).
Snare, ddm, m., gen. pd-ddm (noose for feet) : :
phandd, m., gen. (noose) :
Snipe, chdhd, m.
Snore, khar khar-karnd.
Snot, renty f.
Soak, bhigorm, bhignE, intr. (also to get wet) ja^ hond (to soak
tr. ;
:
Soldierlike, sipahiyana.
Song, git, m. :
chahchahah, m. (of birds).
Soon, jald{ov jaldi, Y\x\g.): chand roz men ; 'an-qarib.
Soot, kdjal, m. (lamp-black for colly rium) ; kajli (dirt of a lamp).
Soothe, taskin k. (of pain) : kam karnd (lessen q.v.).
Soothsayer, 'dmil (exorcist): fdl-kholne-wala (diviner): rammdl (geomancer,
who tells fortune from rami) : nujumi (astrologer) : vide Wise.
Soporific, khwdb-dwar.
Sorcerer, vide Magician.
Sore, zakhm, m. (also wound).
Sorrow, vide Grief.
' '
Sound, dwdz, f. ;
vide Noise :
be-'aib, or hdth pd,oh durusl (of horses).
Soup, shorbd, m. (thick) :
yakhni (clear).
Sour, khattd ; turush.
Source, chashma (source or spring of river; also the stream from some
distance from its source) jar, f. (origin) vide Founder, Head. : :
Spade, phaftva, m.
Span, hdlisht, f.
Spark, chingdrt.
Sparkle, damaknd (of jewels) :
jagmagdnd (scintillate).
Sparrow, chin and chifd.
Sparrow-hawk, bdshu, fem. and bdshin, male (the English sparrow-hawk) :
Sparse, btrld.
Spatter,
— chhint parnd ;
*
vide
'
Splash.
Spavin, Jiaddd (bone-spavin) : mothrd (bog-spavin).
Speak, holnJd (utter sounds): kahnd (say):^ bdt A;,
(speak) : vic^e Relate,
Narrate. m. [bhdld,
Spear, neza, gen.: ballam, m. (lance); barchhd, large and barchhi, small :
Special, khJdss.
Species, jins, f.
Spectator, tamdshd,i, gen.; tarndshd-bm (also = one that visits the chaklds).
Speech, zdbdn, f.
(tongue, language): vide Conversation: taqrir, f., or
Hspich\ f. (k.).
'
Spittle, thuk, m. (cast from the mouth) pik, f. (after chewing pan) : rdl, :
(natural saUva).
f.
'
Poets and dictionaries err in the genders of these words.
2 For difference between bolna and kahna vide Hind. Man. ' '
, p. 43.
SPL 147 ST A
' '
Spurious, j a' E :
jhutd.
Spurn, hiqdrat se dekhnd or radd karnd, etc. :
— par Idt marnd.
Spy, jdsus :
go,inda (informer, q.v.).
Squab, patthd, m. (also a chick, a young wrestler).
' '
Squander, urdnd, tr. lutdnd, tr. phunk-dend : vide
;
.•
Waste.
Square, murabba' , adj. and subs. :
chaukond, adj. and subs.
Squash, chitr karnd (also to smash, q.v.) pichkdnd, tr. (to flatten). :
Squat, ukruh baithnd (to sit on the heels, of men; to sit up).
Squeak, chil chil k.
Squib, patdkhd.
Squint-eyed, bkengd (of the eye or of the person).
Squirm, rengnd, intr., lit. only.
Squirrel, gilahrt (the small palm-squirrel).
Stab, khanjar mdrnd: {chhurT, etc.), bhonknd, tr. (pierce with
force).
Stable, astabal, m.; tawela, m. (for horses) : vide Stall: vide Strong.
-Staff, ^asd, m. (also = sceptre).
ST A 148 STE
Stag, barah-singhd ,
m. ; sambhar, m.
Stage, tnanzll, f .
; pard.o, m. (prop, camping-ground) :
istejy m. (in tlieatre).
Stagger, dagmagdndy intr. (to totter): lafkhafdnd^ intr. (stagger).
Stain, ddjjij^, m. :
dhabbd, in. ;
*
vide Spot.
Stair, zina (also flight of steps); ek zina (one step): sifhi (prop, ladder).
Stale, bdst (left over from previous night) tibdst (of two days). :
Stalk, to, sdras chdl chalnd (of gait) dabe dabe jdnd (game) vide Strut. .• :
Stall, than, m.
Stallion, sdnd (horse, bull, donkey, for breeding) :
nar-ghord (not castrated).
Stammer, hikldnd, intr.
Stammerer, hikld.
Stamp, pd,on pataknd, tr. (with feet in anger, etc.): muhr, f. {karnd or
lagdnd with a die)
;
:
Hkat, m.
Stampede, bhdgar, f.
Stand, to, khard k. or /t. ; qd,im k. or ^. ."
datnd, intr. (stand one's ground).
Standard, jhandu, m. ; nishdn, m- ; 'cdam, m.
Star, sitdra or ^am, m.
Starch, ^aZa^ or A^aZa/, f.
Starvation, i bhukon (or bhukh se) marnd = /a<707i 5e marnd (to die of starva-
Starve, i tion).
'
State, kaifiyat, f. ; /^a/a^, pi. hdldt, f. ; vide' Circumstance: Daulat^Riyd-
sat (a Native State).
Statement, baydn, m. :
izhdr, m., leg.
Statesman, mudabbir ; tadbtr-i mulk men mdhir.
Stay, thaharnd; rahnd : tiknd (tarry; vide 'Hindustani Stumbling-Blocks ') :
vide Wait.
4250 Steal, chort k. (need not have an object) churdnd, : tr. (always requires^
an object) :
khisak-jdnd = chori se chal^-jdnd.
Stealthily, chori se.
Steam, bhdp. f. :
bukhdr, m. (also vapour, and fever).
Steamer, vide Ship.
Steel, fauldd, m.
Steep, khard (of hill) : is kl charhd,i bahut khart hai.
Steeple, vide Spire.
' '
Stir, vide Move, Agitate, Excite: bharkdnd, tr. (a fire): ghontnd, tr. (for
some time) :
—se chaldnd (for a short time) : hal chal (as in a station) .
Stoop, jhuknd, intr., and jhukdnd, tr. (to bend): jhukke phirnd (as of old
people).
Stop, roknd, tr., and ruknd, intr.; band k. (also to shut): bdz rakhnd
(prevent) : vide Abolish; waqfa or thahrd,o (halt).
Store-room, go-ddm, m.
Storey, manzil, f. (of house) :
do-manzila, adj. (two-storied).
Storm, tufdn, m. dndhi ;
:
jhakkar, f (a gust of wind or a squall) :
jhonkd (a
gust of wind).
Story, kahdni ; qissa.
Strain, kapar-chhdn k. (through cloth) : vide Sift, Sprain: kdnkhnd, intr. (at
stool).
Straits,mushkildt, f. {men parnd) or diqqaton men phasnd.
Strange, 'a;76 (wonderful); vide Singular: begdna (not belonging to the
house) vide Foreign.
;
Strap, tasma.
Stratagem, da, on ghdt, f. : vide Subterfuge.
'
Stream, dhdrd, (volume of)f. chashma (' vide Source) Tiahr, f. (artificial : :
Strict, sakht.
Stripe, dhdri (along the length of the body) ; gandd (across the body).
Strive, vide Effort.
Pupil.
Studious, mihnatt, gen. (hard-working).
Stumble,
—
se thokar khdnd.
Subjection, tdbi'-ddrt.
Subjugation, vide Conquer and Subdue.
Submerge, dvho-dend ; tah-i ah k.
' '
Submission, itd'at, f. ;
vide Obedience.
Subordinate, md taht ; zer-i hukm.
^h^^^^ t*' n I
^^^^^^^ {uthand and dend to raise and give — ).
SUB 161 SUP
Sugar, shakar, f.
(good brown) m. chmt (a common term) qand, f. (loaf : :
brown sugar) :
gur, m. (unrefined).
Suggestion, vide Hint, Say.
Suicide, khud-kusM {k.)
Suite, ld,o lashkar, m. (Ht. army and followers) : sawdrl (includes the big
man).
Sulk, munh phuldttd.
Sulphur, gandhak, f.
Suppose, farz {m.),k. : khiydl (m.), k, : qiyds k. (also to guess) ; qiyds, m.,
also = analogy.
'
Surfeit, ser h. or k. (to eat to satisfaction) : ndkoh ndk bharke khdnd (to be
surfeited).
Surgeon, jarrdh.
Surpass, mat k. (of people or things ;
lit. to checkmate) : kisi ke kdn kdtnd
(of bad people only).
Surprise, yahd-yak d-parrm ,
mil. (to attack unawares) ta'ajjub m. ;
Swallow, abdbil f.
Swear, qasam (f.), khdnd, intr. tr. (to administer an oath) and — khildnd, :
qasam dend (to adjure) Qurdn uthdnd (to take an oath) jo munh ;
:
Sweet, mithd, adj., and mitha.i, subs. hhush (pleasant) pyara (lit- : :
lovable).
Sweetness, mithds, f ; shlrim.
Swimmer, pairdk.
Swing, jhulnd, intr., and jhuldnd, tr. :
jhuld, m., subs, (also cradle).
Swivel, hhanwar-kall.
Swoon, vide Faint.
Swoop, vide Pounce.
Sword, talwdr, f. (curved) :
kirlch, f.
(straight) shamsher, f. (corrup. into
scimetar) : vide Belt and Bandolier.
*'
Sword-stick, guptt (from gupt H. secret "). [server.
' '
Symptom, 'aldmat, f .
;
vide Sign, etc.
Syntax, zabdn kd qd' ida.
Syphilis, dtashak, f. ; garmi.
Syringe, pichkdri.
System, qd'ida, m. ; usul, m. ;
nizdm or intizdm, m.
Table, mez, f.
Tablecloth, dastar-khivdn, m. ;
mez kl chddar.
Tailor, darzt.
Tainted, bigar-chalnd (of meat) ;
vide Hind. Man., p. 139 (2).
Take, lend: le-jdnd, intr. (take away; vide Carry) : vide Capture, Conquer.
20
TAL 154 TEA
Tale, vide Story.
Talisman, tilism, m.
Talk, guft o gu, f. {k.) ; bat chit, f.
(k.): bdten {k.) :
charchd, m. (common
talk, gossip of) : vide Converse.
Tall, lambd.
Tap, kal f. (also any machinery) .• bambd (post with tap for water ;
also a
pillar-box).
Tape, pta (also ribbon): mwdr, f. (for bedsteads).
Tapering, gd,o-dum.
Tar, alkatra.
Target, nishdna: iakhta (iron).
Tariff, nirkh m. ; nirkh-ndma.
Tarnish, ddg^ lag-jdnd, intr., lit. and met.
Tarpaulin, tirpal, m., Eng.
Tassel, phuhdnd, m. (small) :
jhabbd, m. (large, as in a fez).
Taste, maza (flavour) chakhnd, tr. muhh jhutldnd (just to
: :
taste, not ta
eat) : vide Experience: saliqa (good taste, of people).
Tasty, maza-ddr.
Tattoo, godnd, tr., verb: tattU-tdp, subs., mil.
Tauntingly, ta'na se or ta'na mdrkar : tanz-an (sneeringly).
Technical, istildhl.
Temper, | mizdj,
m. tabl'at, f. jauhar, m. (of steel also = essence
;
: ;
or eating).
Temple, mandar, m .*
shiwdld, m. .
Temporary, chand-roza.
Tempt, lalchdnd, tr., gen.: wargkaldnnd, tr. (of Satan or the passions) :
Tentatively, imtihdn-an.
Tepid, shtr-garm(lit. milk- warm) or nim-garm: Hi-g'arm, Panj. (lit. well-
warm water freshly drawn from the well has the chill off it).
;
'
(thick friendship, intimacy) dpas men shir o shakar hain (they are :
Thimble, angushtdna.
Thin, patld, gen.: mahin (fine): hdrlk (slender): ndzuk (delicate; not
strong) : dubld or IdgJiar lean vide Slender and Fine. :
Think, sochnd, tr. or intr. (cogitate and ponder) samajhnd, tr. or intr. :
(fancy, beheve) :
gAaur k. (think deeply on, deliberate) bahut socho :
Thirst, pyds, f.
Thirsty, pydsd.
Thorn, kdntd, m. (also spur, fork ; fish-bone, and met. an obstacle in the
way men rdh men Jcdhtd hai)
;
.
Thrush, mdld-gir (the Dusky Ground-thrush ?) : sum men ras utarnd (in a
horse's hoof).
THR 157 TOA
(thrust, or point with anything and draw it back to poke at) kisl ; ;
Tiff, shakar ranji (also a coolness between friends) dpas men do do bdten :
ho-ga,m.
Tiger, sher, m., P.
^
and sherni, f.; bdgh, m., H., and baghni, f.
Tight, kasd (tied tightly) :
tang (also narrow, q.v.) :kihchd hu,d or tand hu,d
(taut).
Tiny, nannhd.
Tip, vide Point, End.
Tiptoe, anguthon par = dabe pd,on.
Tire, thak-jdnd, intr., and thakdnd, tr. :
— se uktan^d — — se jl bhar-jdnd (to
" to be fed
be sick or tired of, up with ").
Tired, thakd {hu,d) ; mdnda; thakd mdnda (very tired).
Tit for tat, adle kd badld.
Title, khitdb, m. (by Government) laqab, m. (an inherited title or a self-
:
(heading).
Titter, munli dabd kar hansnd = khilkhildnd : vide Laugh.
Toast, senknd, tr. (also to foment, wet or dry) : tos {k.), m., Eng.
In India s/ier" tiger " and habar "Hon." "
1
In Persia «Mr «'
lion &.nd habar
**
tiger."
TOB 158 TOY
Tobacco, tambaku, m., gen.
Together, ek makdn men, ek-jagah, ek-jd (in the same place) : sab milkar
(unitedly) :
mil-jul-kar (ditto with reciprocity) ek hi waqt : men (at the
same time).
Toilet-table, singdr mez.
Toilsome, takllf-dih (of work).
* *
Token, 'aldm^t, f. : vide Sign.
Toll, mahsul, m.
*
Tomb, maqbara :
'
vide Shrine and Grave.
Tongs, chimtd, m. or dast-pandh, m. or coll. daspana.
Tongue, jibhy f. zabdn, f. (also language)
: :zabdn roke rahnd or sambhdle-
rahnd (to hold the tongue).
To-night, dj rdt.
Top, vide Summit, Head : kothe cha]rhke pukdrnd (proclaim from the house
Topsy-turvy, ulat pulat ; gar bar, darham barham.
Torch, mash'al, m.
Torment, 'azdb, m. (dend) : 'aqubat, f.
{karnd).
Tortoise, kachhwd m. (or turtle).
Torture, vide Torment.
Toss, uchhdlnd, tr. (toss up) : vide Throw: charhd-jdnd (toss off a glass).
Tough, sakht or kafd (hard) (flexible but tough as cold chapdtl, : chimrd ;
a bank-note; of man thin and strong grips well in latter case also ; ;
(column).
Town, qasba: shahr, m.
'
Town-talk, charchd, m. ;
'
vide Rumour.
Toy, khilondy m.
TRA 159 ^RE
Traceable, "pata nahm lagta (not traceable).
Trade, tijarat, f.
Train, ta'lim (f.) dend ; sadhdnd, tr.; nikdlnd, tr. (break in horses) hd,oll :
(a train ') :
rel-gdn (ry.).
Trait, khususiyat, f.
Transmigration, tandsukh, m. (
—of souls).
Transparent, shaffdf.
Transport, khachchar khdna (mule) bdrbarddrl ke jdnwar. :
Trample.
Treason, ghadddri.
Treasure, \
khazdna (also revenue and treasury) ganj, : m. (a pile) :
daflna
Treasury, ) (treasure trove, or buried treasure).
Treasurer, khazdnchi : bakhshi (pay-master).
TRE 160 TRU
Treat, kisi se {mihrbani he aalh, etc.) pesh ana; kisi se {achchhdf etc.)
i
Trident, triaul^ m.
Trifle, chhoti chiz.
Trinity, tasUs, f.
Trooper, saimr.
Trope, majdz, m. (rhet.).
Trot, dulki chalnd : kutte-chdl chalnd.
Trouble, vide. Misfortune: takUf, t, gen.: dukh, m. (great trouble):
diqqat, i. (worry); durd-i sar, m. (lit. headache): koshish, f. (effort):
mihnat, f. (labour, trouble).
Troublesome, taklif-dih (of things) :
takltf detd hai (of living things).
emphatic, as sachchl bdt to yih hai ki—) : bat kd sachchd (true to his
word): vide Exact, Faithful: asli (genuine; also sachchJd) : pakkd
(regular, real; pakkd thag a regular swindler; pakke sahib (a real
Enghsh gentleman).
Trumpet, trum or trump, m., Eng., mil. :
chihghdrnd, intr. (of elephants;
vide Yell).
Trunk, tana, m. (of tree) :
dhar, m> (of animals, men) :
sund, m. (of
elephant) : vide Box.
Trust, vide Confide, Credit.
Trustworthy, mu'tabar, gen. :
qdbil-i i'tibdr.
Truth, )
haqiqat, (reahty) sachd,l (truthfulness
f. :
; veracity) : sack much
Truthful, f (really, a fact opp. to jhuth muih).;
TRY 161 TYR
Tube, nal, f.
adj. (pigeon) :
gilds, m. (for drinking).
Turk, Turk.
Turkey, peru, m. (the bird) Rum, m. (the country, but by the Arabs this
:
name was given to the Byzantian Empire and by the Turks it is given
to Greece).
Turmeric, haldi.
Turn, fean, f. ; naubat, f.
Jchardt k. (in a lathe) ulat-dend (turn down) pher-dend, tr. (turn aside
: :
and also to give back and turn back) vide Expel nikalnd, intr. (turn : :
out, prove) :
pith phernd, (turn the back on)
tr. us kd sir phir-gayd :
Tweezers, mochnd, m.
Twilight, munh andhere kd waqt (spec, of morning) :
shafaq, f. (the red-
ness in the sky at sun-up or sun-down).
'
u
Udder, than, m. (of cows, goats, sheep, camels, mares, etc.).
Umbrella, chhatrt or chhdtd ; (in Lucknow the latter word is not used as it
has the appearance of being the masculine of chhdti " breast ").
**
Umpire, salts ^ At. (lit. third ") :
munsif.
Unalterable, atoZ, fig., of abstract things (lit. immovable, of concrete
things) :
jis men tabdil nahin ho-sakil.
Unanimous, yak-zahdn.
Unanimity,ittifdq, m.
= guh) : nd'pdk (spec, religious, but also secular) and paUd (secular)
(of concrete or abstract things) malichh (by Hindus of non- Hindus:
;
Uncommon, kam^ydb (
= nadir) : anokhd (singular, peculiar) : nirdld
(singular, unique).
Uncompleted, nd-tamdm ; adhurd.
Uncouth, be-dhangd (in manners, etc., of men or animals but be-dhangt ;
unactive).
Uncover, kholnd, tr., gen. parda, etc. uthdna. :
Undeniably, Id-kaldm.
UND 163 UNI
Undress, kapre utdrnd, tr. and caus. (but — utarwdnd to order a third
person to
—
or a second person to
, ).
—
Undutiful, kuput, adj. (of children) :
nd-Malaf (of children or pupils).
Unfit,
— ke nd-qdbil: [nd-ld,iq, adj., an unworthy].
Unfitness, nd-qdbiliyat, f.
(inefficiency).
Unfortunate, bad-naslb ; bad-qismat ; bad-bakht [hut kam-bakht "wretched,"
in abuse].
Uninvited, he-htUaya.
* *
Unnecessary, ghair-zaruri .
Untidy, he-saliqa (in habits, not in dress ; also = without good taste).
Untimely, be-waqt.
' '
' '
Upside-down, ulatnd, intr. (and tr.), and ulat-jdnd, intr. (gen. to quite or
nayd dhah dhah bdj (a new kingdom and beat of drum, i.e., an
raj
upstart shows off) chuchundar ke sir men chamell kd tel = beggar on
:
horseback.
Urge, uksdnd, tr. (to goad) vide Incite : :
taqdza k. (to dun) and diqq
;
k. or
tang k. (to press) dharnd dend (to : sit obstinately at a doorstep).
Urgent, zaruri : tdktdl (of a letter).
Urine, peshdb, m. mut, m. (vulg. piss)
: :
istinjd k. (to make — ; polite).
(use up, consume ; apne ko khapdnd, to wear oneself out; also annihi-
late is katran ko
;
kahdn khapd,un, how can I use up this remnant ?
is nd'ld,iq larke ko kahdn khapd,un, where can I find a place for, get
rid of, this useless boy i).
TT .•
[ ghasab, m. {k.) ; dabd-baithnd.
V
Vacant i
Vagabond, l^na ba-dosh (not used in a bad sense) ; dwdra, adj. and adv.
(in bad sense).
Vain, I kisi chiz par gharra karnd (to plume oneself on) be-kdr, Id-hdsily :
Valley, ivddl, f. (a broad valley also the country on the ; bank of a river) :
Value, dam lagdnd the price, or estimate the price of) 'aziz rakhnd or
— (fix
ki qadr karnd (to hold dear or in respect).
:
Vanities, muzakhrafdt. ,
f .
Vast, Inqq o daqq maiddn (or jangal) (vast plain, forest, etc.) : vide Count-
less, etc.
Vaulted, gumbaz-ddr.
Veer, rukh badalnd, tr. (also of Time).
Vegetable, sdg pdt, (for table) m.
saftz* (anything green verdure; also : ;
Venomous, zahrtld.
Verdure, harydwal ^ f. ;
sar-sabzl.
Verge, vide Edge, Brink : main karne hi ko thd ki—l was on the verge of
doing it when — .
Verification, ]
. ,. ^ ,, .
(^.).
Verify, ']tasd%q.^'
Versatile, har fann mauld.
Verse, dyat, (of Quran or Injil)
f. bait, f. (or a couplet) : :
shi'r, m. (a
couplet,and also poetry).
Versed, bahut kuchh dahhl rakhnd : mdhir (expert in).
Very, bahut hi : intihd darje kd, or nihdyat (extremely) thlk usi waqt (at :
4860
Vexatious, bakherd, m., any vexatious business, a difficulty, hitch : bakherd
k. to dispute the price of, or make a fuss about.
Viaduct, pul, m. (no special word).
Vibrate, tharthardnd (also to shiver ;
but tharrdnd to tremble from fear ^).
Vile, qablh.
Vinegar, sirka.
Vineyard, angur kd hagh.
Violate, vide Injure, Break : ndmus khardb k. (women).
Violence, zabardasti (force): jabr, m. (also tyranny, q.v.) : tund^ or zor (of
storm).
Violent, jdbirdna (of acts): sakht, tez, shadtd (severe of storm, rage) ;
: zor
kd (storm) bald kd or gnkazab kd ( = the devil of
: used of a— ; good
things as well as bad).
Violet, banafsha, m.
Violin, sdrangi and beld (different patterns).
y.
^i"! { kunwdri (virgin) :
kunwdr-pan (virginity).
Visit, to,
—
se milne ko (or muldqdt ko) jdnd (people) dekhnd (places) : :
Vivacious, zinda-dil.
Viva voce, zabdnt, adj. and adv. taqrlrif adj. ;
Vocabulary, farhang, f.
VOC 169 WAI
Volcano, jwdld-mukhl, f.
Volley, bark, f. :
salak, f., vulg. for shalq, f., T. ; {skilkt kdrtush = blank
cartridge).
Voluble, tarrdr (also glib).
Volume, jild, f. (also cover of a book).
Voluntarily, khushi-dil se : dp se, or hhud ha-khud (of its own accord) :
apni
'
marzi se :
'
vide Purposely.
Volunteer, vdlantiyar, Eng. 4Q00
Vomit, qay karnd : radd karnd (lit. to return, refute) ugalnd, tr. (to bring :
spit out).
Voracioner, kdl kd tutd, adj. : tan-kar khdnd (to eat till the stomach
stretches):
'
charhd-jdnd (spec, of over-drinking
'
wine; "to put
gidh ki tarah khdnd :
'
Votive, bhent, m.
(offerings to idols that go to the priests) pujd, f (flowers : .
(fulfil a vow)
—
nibdhnd, tr. (maintain a vow).
:
:
Voyage, samundar, m. (or daryd) kd safar : daryd kd sair o safar (f.) k. (of
pleasure voyages).
Vulgar, bdzdri log (vulgar people) :
gahwdru (of words) : be-tamizi kd (of
actions).
W
Wabble, to, dagmag k. (also of drunken people, old people, and fig. of
opinions as wuh dagmag karid hai, or uski rd,e dagmag karti hai).
Wade, — men helnd :
'
vide
'
Ford.
Wafer, iunkl, f., or pdpar, m. (the thin crisp wafer eaten with curry ;
Waiter, khidmafgdr.
Wake, ').jdgnd, intr. (to be awake or to wake up) and jagdnd, tr. so-kar :
Waken, J uthnd (to get up) beddr rahnd : rat-jagd k. (to keep awake on :
purpose originally as a vow) rdt dnkhon men kdtnd (to lie awake
;
:
Walk, chalnd : phirnd : tahalnd (to walk to and fro also to go for a short ;
'
Walking-stick, chharl :
'
vide Stick and Club.
Wall, diivdr, f. :
fa^il, f. (of town or fort) qandt, : f. (of tent) : diivdr se
ghernd, verb :
chdr-diwdrt, f. (enclosure- wall).
Wall-eye, sulaimdni-ankh (from sulaimdnt onyx) :
tjdqi, adj. (of horse,
etc. from ^q odd, not even).
;
Walnut, akhrot, m.
= " I have a
Wamble, merd ji matldtd hai mujhi mntli dtl hai feeling of
nausea."
Wander, warn mdrd phirnd, or khdk chhdntd phirnd (in distress or uselessly) :
zamin ndpnd, tr. (ditto) awdra phirnd (without purpose or for a bad :
Wandedng, i
— ^^ ba-dosh (of gypsies, etc.).
' *'
1 For meanings of, and differences between, thaharrid and tikna '
vide Hindu-
stani Stumbling-Blocks."
WAR 171 WAY
Wart, massa or masa, m. ,
' '
banjar zamm (waste land) raddl, adj. (of no use) ghulnd, intr. : :
Watch, —
kt nigdh-bdni k. or ~kl khabarddri k. : vide Awake, Wake, ' '
Wait, Guard tdk men hand (or lagd rahnd) (to watch for)
: vide — :
Watchmaker, gharlsdz.
' '
k. (to make water = mutnd, vulg. and istinjd k. polite) pani dend or
;
:
Watermelon, tarbuz, m.
Water mill, pdn-chakki.
naments) ofhnd, tr. (of a loose uncut garment; also to cover oneself
:
with a sheet): ghisnd, tr. and intr. (wear out, rub away by friction):
ragarnd, tr. (to rub, of friction but ragar khdnd to graze) ghisd aur ;
:
ragar, subs., m. (hard wear and tear) apne ko khapdnd, tr. (wear out :
Weather, no regular word; Tnausim, m., season is sometimes used for wea-
ther: dndhi pdni ke din foul weather.
Weather-beaten, tufdn-zada.
Weather-cock, bdd-numd : thdli kd baingan, fig. (lit. wobbling about like
a birinjal on a brass plate).
Weekly, ) adv.
Weep, rond, dnsu bahdnd, tr. (shed tears) zd,r zdr rond (to weep
intr. ; :
Weigh, tolnd, tr., and tulnd, intr. (vide Poise) wazan karnd a,nd hond : :
consider).
WEI 173 WHA
Weight, wazan, m. or tol, m. (weight) bojh, m. or bar, m. (load, burden) 5000 : :
usk% bat ka wazan naJiin (his words carry no weight) men bat uske age :
nahm chali (my words have no weight with him) age dab lag-gayd, or :
ghore par dab ho-gaya (the weight is all in front of the cart, on the
shafts) ekka (pichhe) uldr hai (the weight is all behind the ekka, the
^
:
shafts are in the air) bojh ek-tarfa ho-gayd (the load is to one side,^
:
lop-sided).
(welcome !) jaJidh jdtd hai uski d,o bhagat hoti hai — jahdn jdtd hai
:
Well, ku,dn or ku,d, m., gen. bd,oli (large masonry well, often with steps):
:
= tan durust (in good health) hhairiyat se hond (to be well, in good
:
or jl achchhd,^ adv. (very good) khair, adv. Ma^V jdne do well, let it
:
;
alone = achchhd, -na-sahl : khdsa hai (it is well enough pretty good) ;
:
Well-dressed, khush-libds.
Well-formed, sudaul or of the body not of persons) jor-band
(of things, ;
:
kd durust men
or horses): khush-waz' gen. (outward shape good).
(of
Well-informed, bd khabar.
'
Well-known, mashhur : mashhur o ma'ruf : ndmi :
*
vide Famous.
Well-made, khush-qit^ of clothes; well-designed, of houses): vide Well-
formed.
Well-meaning, nek-niyat (in a good sense only).
Well-to-do, khush-hdl = ddl rott se khush = ghar kd dsuda.
Well-wisher, khair-khtpdh.
Wencher, randi-bdz.
West, pachchhim, m. :
maghrib, m. :
bd,en hdth (vulg. and local).
Wet, tar: tar ba-tar or shor-bor (wringing wet): bhigd : gild (damp) : tari
and gilan, subs.
Wet-nurse, da, i or dudh-pild,i :
[dd, I is often used for dd,i jand,i midwife].
1
TJlar, subs., is that pan of the scales that being less weighted goes up.
2
Panjabi camel-men and muleteers have some such word as aih,ir parna to
express this. '
*'
3 In the
Panjab achchha jl but in Hindustan '
this latter indicates fretfulness
or irritation.
WHE 174 WID
Wheat, gefiun, in., sing, or pi.
Wheedle, laUo patto karke nikdlnd or le-lend (to wheedle and flatter out of) ;
Whirlpool, bhanioar, m.
Whirlwind, baguld, m. (from bd,o wind and gold).
Whisper, kdn men kahnd ( to) kdndphusl k. or — :
(to whisper amongst
themselves): phusphusdnd, intr., gen.
Whistle, stti (bajdnd).
White, )safed, P.: ujld, H. chittd (very white = ujld safed): safed
:
Whiteness, ) rang (the colour) safedl (of an egg also whiteness and
:
;
Wide, chaurd : 'ariz (in common use of cloth only) bare pakne kd (of :
Width^ chaurd, t :
pahtid, m. (of cloth) :
'arz, m. (commonly of cloth) :
Wife, bibi ; joru, Y\x\g.: admi, m. (very vulgar): 'aivrat (prop, woman):
zawja (spouse, fem.) ghar he log, m. coll. (a polite colloquialism)
: :
Wile, tiriyd-charitar , m
(for Hindi triyd-charitr) (women's wiles) :
hila, m.
Wilful, khudrsar (taking his own line) vide Obstinate. :
f., sing, (in the stomach) goz, f. (k) — hawd chhomd, or cosbTselj pddnd
:
kunjl dend: lapetnd, tr. (wind up, of string, etc.) hawd ke rukh chaJndj ;
wind, against the wind, {hawd bachdke jdrm "to cheat the wind,"
might mean to stalk at right angles to the wind].
Wind-broken, sher-dam, adj. (of horses) sher-dami, subs. :
Windfall, tapkd, m. (of fruit) bin mdnge murdd : billl ke bhdgon chhinkd tutd
:
Prov. [by the good luck of the cat the (string of the) meat-safe broke
and fell ; of something that comes as a windfall but has long been
desired].
Wind-gall, baiza, m., Ar. (lit. an egg, and by country people and in Bombay
used in this sense in Urdu; amongst horse-dealers = wind-gall).
Winding-sheet, kafan, m.
Wind-mill, pavan-chakki, f. {pavan, H., wind).
Window, khirkl; jharokhd, m. (a small window in an upper storey ; spec,
in a palace to obtain a view).
Winnow, phataknd, tr., to throw up a wind: usdnd, tr. (by fanning) vide :
Sift.
WIN 176 WON
Winter, jafd or in inflected cases gen. pi. sardl ka mausim : jdfa kdtndy to ;
man and exorcist mulB ruhi, a muUa who reads the Quran after ;
death for forty days and so expels the dead person's soul).
"
Wishwash, yih ddl nahln yih dhovan hat this is not dM but wishwash
*'
Wits, hawdss-hdkhta
—
ghabrdkar (losing one's wits, losing one's head).
Witch, jddu-garni: ddin (spec, one possessed of the evil eye): churail (a
kind of ghost that lives in trees churail kt st is appUed to a dirty ;
Wither, \kumldnd, intr. (fade, lose freshness) murjhdnd, ; intr. (dry up) :
' '
Witness, gawdh or sJmhid (the person): gawdhi or shahddat (f.), dend {to
give evidence, attest).
Witicism, bhondd mazdq.
5100 Witty, zanf.
Wizard, vide Magician.
'
Wonderful, 'ajib ;
achambe kd ;
'
vide
woo 177 WOR
Wood, jangal or ban, m. (also any wild place) ; lakn (timber, in its natural
state) : m. (cut timber) jaldvan, f. (or lakri) (for burning vide
kath, ; ;
Fuel) :
[lakri also = stick].
Wooden, kdth kd (of polished, etc., wood) : lakrl kd (of natural wood).
Wool, urij m. :
pashniy m. (also soft fur, as of cat, etc. ; also the hair of the
pashm bardbar nahm, a common indecent expression for
pubes " parwd
:
Word, lafz, m. (a single word): bdt, f. (ditto; also speech, thing, matter^
betrothal sahib ne mujhe bdt kahl, (the sahib spoke angrily to me) :
;
jali bhunl bdten, bitter words: jail kati bdten, hasty words spoken ia
anger zabdn kd pds rakhnd or karnd, to keep one's word bol, m., pro-
: :
lafz lafz karke (word by word) lafz ba-lafz (ditto, and also literally). ;
Wordy, laffdz (of people) : Hbdrat men la-ffdzi hai (of style, etc.)
Work, kdm, m. [k) ; kdm kdjy m. (^.) (various sorts of work, business) r
seeds).
Worried, 7 ^*9'(? hond (and karnd) (to get worried, initated) :
tang hond or
Worry, ) karnd :
'ibddat karne-wdld.
vide Deserve.
pi. (of concrete things; also of opinions, ideas, etc. also = nonsense). :
Would, khipdh ma-khivdh kiyd (he would 6.0 it) kdsh or : kashkl. (oh would
that !) also expressed by the Future Indie.
:
Wring, nichofndy (wring out water ; squeeze out juice) ainthnd, tr.
tr. :
and intr. (extort force, wring out) marornd, tr. twist round.
by :
Wrinkle, jhurrt (from old age) shikaUy f. (in cloth, or of a frown, etc.): :
garment).
Wrinkled, gale men jhurriydn "pari hu,l hain (a wrinkled neck).
Wrist, kald.l.
Writ, hukmrudma, m. (any written order).
Write, likhnd, tr. .* tahrlr k. : darj k. — qalam-band k. (to record, set down
in writing).
vide Wring.
Writing, khatt, m., or likhd,i (but latter also = money paid for writing) :
Year, baras, m. sal, m. san, m, (of era, as san 'isavi 1911) sambat
: : :
(of
Hindu era) : har sal or adl sal (every year).
YEA 179 ZOO
Yield, hdr manna, tr. : vide Produce, Surrender, Give up : sir jhukdnd
(to give way to a person): paidd-wdr, m. (of a tree, field, country).
bachcha (the young of anything) patthd (of any birds but especially :
;
pigeons and cocks vide Squab also a young wrestler) pdthd (male
; ;
:
Youthful, vide Young wuh mem assi haras kl hai magar ah tak jawdn-mizdj
—
:
Zig-zag, laheriyd, adv. and adj. (prop, the name of a coloured stuff with
zig-zag stripes) : mor tor kd, or kajo pech (crooked, with many bends).
Zinc, jast, f.
The End.
4^
20Way'
LD 21-100m-9,'48(B399sl6)476
M191397
-7
PAUL R. CARR
Oriental and
Linguistic Bookseller