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Masonry
Introduction to masonry
structures
MASONRY means an arrangement of masonry units which may be brick, rectangularised stone,
ashlar or cement blocks laid to a bond and joined together with mortar.
I.
II.
Mortar is a composite of cement, lime and sand and sometimes of other constituents
MASONRY UNIT means an individual unit which is bonded to similar units with the help of
mortar to form a masonry element such as a wall, column, pier, buttress, etc., and conforming to
the Nepal Standard Brick Masonry NS: 1/2035.
CHAPTER 7
Choice of masonry units are generally made from the consideration of local availability,
compressive strength, age and ease of construction.
Advantages of
masonry structures
Disadvantages of
masonry structures
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MORTAR
Some definitions
Stretcher : this is a brick laid with its length parallel to the face or front or direction of wall. The
course containing stretcher is called a stretcher course
Header : this is a brick laid with its breath or width parallel to the face or front direction. The
course containing headers is called head course
Bed : The lower surface of brick when laid flat is known as the bed.
Cement mortar
Cement mortar:
The paste is prepared by mixing cement and sand in suitable proportions in addition to water.
The general proportion is 1 part of cement to 2-8 parts clean sand.
These mortars must be use within half an hour, i.e.; before initial setting time of the cement.
This type is used for all engineering works where high strength is desired such as load bearing
walls, deep foundations, flooring etc.
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Reinforced masonry
Reinforced masonry is a construction system where steel reinforcement in the form of
reinforcing bars or mesh is embedded in the mortar or placed in the holes and filled with
concrete.
Reinforcement increases the tensile and compressive strength of wall
After reinforcement the resistance to seismic loads and energy dissipation capacity may be
improved significantly.
Reinforcement should be integrated with masonry so that all materials of reinforced masonry
system acts monolithically when resisting gravity and seismic loading.
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Unreinforced masonry
An unreinforced masonry is a construction system where load bearing walls , non load bearing
walls or other structures such as dam retaining walls fall.
These are made of brick, tiles or other masonry unit that is not braced by reinforced bars or
beams .
Such structures are vulnerable to collapse in earthquake.
Mortar is not stronger enough.
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CAVITY WALLS
Uniform in size.
Bricks arranged uniformly throughout the wall.
Bats are used as little as possible.
Single Flemish
Heading
Stretching
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ENGLISH BOND
stretchers.
Queen-closer inserted next to quoin-headers to produce
overlap.
English bond is the strongest.
a.
DISADVANTAGE:
Penetration of damp through transverse joints.
Appearance not as good as Flemish bond.
FLEMISH BOND
Fig.3
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Not employed for wall less than 1 and a half bricks thick.
ADVANTAGES OF FLEMISH BOND:
It is highly economical.
Walls one brick in thickness are easier to produce a fair face on both
sides in Flemish than in English bond.
The appearance of Flemish bond is more appealing to eye than that of
English bond.
mm)
Alternate course of stretchers and headers.
becoming use ful in these days
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