A PMQ-based, Ultra-short Focal Length,

Final Focus System for Next Generation

Beam-Radiation and Beam-Plasma
Experiments

Gil Travish
Particle Beam Physics Laboratory
UCLA Department of Physics
 Collaborators
UCLA - PBPL LLNL - PLEIADES

Jay Lim Aaron Tremain

Pedro Frigola Scott Anderson

James Rosenzweig Winthrop Brown

Gil Travish Jeremy Jacob

Acknowledgments
Earlier work: BNL ATF; CLIC test facility; CESR

Funding: DOE , UC CLE

AAC 2004 2 Gil Travish
 Motivation

Experiments requiring high beam densities

PWFA

Polarized Positron Source

Inverse Compton Scattering (ICS)

These schemes require:

Lower transverse emittance ε x,y

Shorter bunch lengths σ z

Smaller spot sizes

β *

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 Scaling & Guidelines

Focal System Scale Length:

σ = βε
*
x
*
x x
want small beta-functions, but...

Must avoid:
• Chromatic-aberrations (energy spread);
• Geometric abberations (beam size)
• Emittance growth (space charge)

For moderate strength and simple focal systems, the spot size ratio:

σ *
=
1+( )( )
βi 2
f
2σδ p 2
p
For σ*
≅
2σ δ p

( ) ⎢⎣ ( ) ⎥⎦
βi
σi βi ⎡1+
2
⎤ 2σδ p 2
f >> σ δ p
p
σi p
1+ f p

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 Modest & Simple Isn’t Enough

PLEIADES example:
f ≈ 50cm
Electromagnet quad triplet:
σδ p βi ≈ 4m
Momentum spread: ≈ 0.75% σ i ≈ 2mm
p
Emittance:
ε x ≈ 0.1µm σ ≈ 30µm
*

Final spot too big!

Large initial spot will cause emittance degradation
(PARMELA verified)

Can’t use weak magnets.

Can’t use elaborate (long) chromatically-
compensated FF system.
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 Solutions

Strong Quadrupoles
Superconducting
Great in some applications

Too long for some configurations

Permanent magnet
Simple

Difficult to tune

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 Halbach* Small-bore PMQ
Vector diagram of magnetic field orientations
-5-2.502.55X-505Y-505Z-505Z

A cross section of the

16 segment PMQ:
22.5° wedges

* K. Halbach, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 169, 1 (1980), K. Halbach, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 198, 213 (1982).
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 Halbach* Small-bore PMQ
2D field vector-plot:
3D field simulation: RADIA
• Length: 10mm in length
• Bore: 2.5mm radius
• Size: 7.5mm outer radius
• Material: NdFeB
• Remnant Field: 1.22T
• Field Gradient: 560 T/m

As built:
Simple estimate:
⎛1 1⎞
B = 2Br ⎜ − ⎟
'

⎝ ri ro ⎠
Yields, 600 T/m
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 A PMQ Final Focus System

Alignment & Measurement:

Measure using Hall probes & Pulsed wire
Tight mechanical tolerances: 25µm c-c
30 MeV

Lattice:
Assymetric FDDFF
(not FFDDFF) 60 MeV
Focus:
Move quads in z
Analogous to camera lens

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PMQ System in PLEAIDES ICS Installation

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PMQ System in PLEAIDES ICS Installation

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 TRACE 3D for Matching

1. Use quad scan to find emittance, Twiss

parameters at input to matching e-beam

electromagnet quads.
Linac
laser

2. TRACE3D determines matching quad

settings for 200 µm input beam at
PMQs.

Calculated quad strengths

3. Use TRACE3D again to set PMQ spacing

Calculated PMQ spacing

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 PMQ Quad Scan

Analogous to a 3-screen emittance measurement,

but the quads are moves rather than the screens
Want: σ 2  and  L
Ld
Lens focal length f d

Using:
⎡ βi 2α i ⎤ 2 ⎡ 2 βi ⎤
βf = ⎢ 2 + + γ i ⎥ Ld + ⎢ − − 2α i ⎥ Ld + β
 i
⎣ff ⎦ ⎣ f
 ⎦ C
A B
with, Then, the errors are tolerable:

β i ≈ 40cm, α i =0; and β f ≈ 4 mm Δβi −4

 10
and (our range of motion),
βi
ΔLd = ± β f ΔA ΔB ΔC −3
, , ≤ 10
A B C
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 Results
Quad scan performed with PMQ at 59.2MeV
X-plane emittance: 20→30mm-mrad
Y-plane emittance: 15→20mm-mrad

4.50E-09

4.00E-09

3.50E-09

3.00E-09
σ2(m2)
rms sigma^2

2.50E-09

2.00E-09

1.50E-09

1.00E-09

5.00E-10

0.00E+00
0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.01

z(meter)
z(m)

Image on cube

Beam Spots of 20µmx20µm typical;

20x12µm possible;
Final focus e-beam Large emittances out of gun
Falcon laser

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 Conclusions

Strongest PMQ system has been built and installed.

Many mechanical and magnetic challenges have been

addressed.

Small bore PMQs are well suited to lower energy

experiments and final-focus schemes.

Adjustable focusing system has been successful

These fixed strength PMQs may be well suited to

higher energy systems (i.e. NLC, LCLS, etc.).

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