Theory of Management

WEEK 2
MANAGEMENT IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION &
RECREATION
JAFFRY ZAKARIA

The Meaning of Management

The word management is

derived from

the Italian word , Maneggiare, which

means to train horses or literally to
handle
the French words, Maneger, meaning
to direct a household, i.e. to
economize and Menager, an act of
guiding or leading.
Etymologically,

therefore it means to
handle , direct economically, guide and
lead.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

Attributes of Management

Management is the art and

science of organizing,
preparing and directing
human efforts applied to
control the forces and to
utilize the materials of
nature for the benefit of
man

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

Attributes of Management

Management is the
development of people
and not the direction of
things.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

Attributes of Management

Management is the
scientific utilization of
men, money and
materials to accomplish a
desired purpose.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

Attributes of Management

Management is simply
stated and defined as
the getting of things
done through efforts of
other people.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

Relationship between Management and

Organization
Organization

Organization is

considered as the
relationships of the
structural elements in
business ,including the
individuals to carry on
the work to accomplish
the desired purposes
Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

Management

Management as the

planning , directing,
controlling and
coordinating of those
elements

Relationship between Management and

Organization
Organization

Organization refers to

the structure or form of

an enterprise and the
arrangement of all
parts thereof in a
manner suitable for use
in service

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

Management

Management includes

all those in charge of

the direction of the
work of others, those
who will see to it that
the parts so arranged
and structured are
used in service to best
advantage.

Structural Factors
Men
Materials
Machines
Methods
Money
Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

Who is
Management?
Traditionally,
management
means one
individual or a
small group of key
people who make
the significant
decisions and keep
the policy making
power and
function as an
absolute power
over the
organization.
Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

When competent
men are placed
as heads of the
departments ,
when these men
are responsible
for and are in
control of all
activities and
when they work
as a team under
the leadership of
a strong
executive.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

What is Good Management?

When changes
in business
activities could
be effected on
short notice

What is Good Management?

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

When industry
is efficient and
this efficiency is
measured
concretely in
terms of quality
and quantity of
products
produced with
the minimum
efforts at the
least possible
cost.
Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

When is Management Considered

Successful?

Functions of Management
PL A N N I N G
C OOR DI N A TI NG
DI R EC TI N G
C ON TR OL L I N G
Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

Is a method technique of
looking ahead in order
to meet work
requirements and to
reduce the amount of
mental efforts required
while work is being
done.
It is a continuing
process.
It emphasizes
prevention rather than
correction of delays.
The essence of planning
is to remember the value
of time, the virtue of
patience and the joy of
originating.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

Planning

It means
concurrence in
purpose and
performance to
secure harmony in
action toward a
common end.

Coordinating

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

It means the
pointing of all
efforts toward the
known objective.

Directing

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

It includes the
restraining,
checking and
motivating
influences
exercised by the
government.
It requires a
knowledge of what
is being done, what
should be done and
what to do in order
to rectify
unsatisfactory
conditions.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

Control

System, A Fundamental in
Operating a Business
PLANNED METHODS OF PROCEDURE
ONE OF THE MOST VALUABLE MECHANISMS
OR AIDS OF MANAGEMENT.
SYSTEM MATERIALLY AIDS IN SECURING
THE DESIRED RESULTS IN THE BEST
POSSIBLE WAY WITH THE LATEST
EXPENDITURE OF TIME AND EFFORT.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

Advantages of Proper Use of System

System is the

introduction or order
and method wherever it
is applied

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

Advantages of Proper Use of System

Everyday work becomes

routine through a
system

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

Advantages of Proper Use of System

System permits those in

authority to devote their

time and effort to more
important work, such as
planning, attending to
major problems,
searching for new
markets and products,
and the like.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

Advantages of Proper Use of System

System aids in the

control and reduction of

costs

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

Rules for Applying System

System Used in a

Particular Concern
Should Reflect a Basic
General Plan
A System Must

Represent a Definite and

Useful Purpose.
Maintaining a System

Must Prove Worth Its

Cost
Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

Rules for Applying System

A System should be clear,

simple, easily
understood, and
adequate to fit the need ,
but involving the least
expenditure of time and
effort.
There Should be

Frequent Periodic
Checking.
Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

Basic Principles of
Management

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

1. The Principle of Policy Making

Definite , clear-cut policies
are essential to effective
management
General company

policies
Major Policies
Departmental Policies

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

2. The Principle of Improvement and Adjustment

To be successful, a
business must advance ;
it cannot remain
dormant.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

3. The Principle of Balance

To secure proper
development of business
and efficiency in
operation , a company
must be internally wellbalanced.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

4. The Principle of Relationship of Task and

Accomplishment

A person works best and

accomplishes most when
he is given a definite job
to be completed in a
given time , the work
being of a nature for
which he is mentally and
physically suited.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

5. The Principle of Individual Effectiveness

Individual effectiveness is
increased through
training and improved
working conditions

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

6. The Principle of Simplicity

All Elements which are not

essential to successful
operation should be
eliminated and all those
retained should be
applied in the simplest
way.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

7. The Principle of Specialization

Scientific distribution of
work results in
specialization of effort
and task

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

8. The Principle of Standardization

Whenever practicable, best
practices should be
determined , expressed
in terms of definite units
or standards and
adopted as a pattern for
use in operation or
performance and in
planning and control

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

9. The Principle of Financial Incentive

Remuneration should be in
direct proportion to the
value of accomplishment

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

10. The Principle of Human Relations

Management succeeds or
fails as human relations
in business are
intelligently or otherwise
handled

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

11. The Principle of Planning

In order to accomplish
anything of importance ,
there must be planning
in advance of doing.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

12. The Principle of Control

Planning is of little value

unless there is
subsequent control to
make certain that the
plans are carried out.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

13. The Principle of Cooperation

The efforts of two or more

individuals working as a
unit toward a common
goal are greater than the
sum of the efforts of the
individuals working at
individuals.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

14. The Principle of Leadership

Wise Leadership is the most
important single factor in
successful operation
Good leadership implies :
The ability to do what sets
out to do
The spirit to carry on until
the task set is accomplished
The personality and ability
to win cooperation
The skill to direct and
control the efforts of
others.
Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

15. The Principle of Delegation of Authority and

Responsibility
Decisions should be made
at the lowest practicable
organization level
Delegation means giving

power to do certain
things to subordinates
and pointing out how
that power is to be used.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

17. The Principle of Utilization of Executive

Ability

Executive ability can be

utilized fully by freeing it
of the need to attend to
all routine matters.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

The executive should have

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

1. Physical and mental health

Vitality, strength and

endurance are required
of executives.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

2. Intellect

Clear thinking and

intelligence is either
creative or judicial

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

3. Personality

The executive should have

maturity , social
orientation , personal
magnetism that
commands consent ,
cooperation, enthusiasm,
the ability to inspire ,
persuasiveness and tact.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

4. Character

The good executive, as a

leader, has integrity, and
other excellent character
traits

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching

5. Language Facility

The leader should not only

know but he should also
have the ability to teach
and communicate what
he knows.

Faculty of Sport Science & Coaching