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Lecture I
Feb 16, 2016
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Todays agenda
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Mechanical Engineers?
I ask for 3 hours per week and I will make sure that you enjoy and benefit from
this course -----It will be useful whatever you do in the future!
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Plastics?
Glass?
Wood?
About Class ..
Time:
Tuesday : 10 am
Wednesday : 8 am
Friday : 9 am
Course Materials:
1. Textbooks:
- Materials Science and Engineering - An Introduction by
William D. Callister
- Materials Science and Engineering - First Course by
V. Raghavan
2. Online materials
- Online course materials, videos etc
3. Research articles in journals
- Authentic articles of some of the concepts/fields
- Review articles on applications
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Evaluation
Assignments (Expt-1 & report + Expt- 2 & report)------( 5 + 5)
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Materials Science Let us see the video and discuss it further tomorrow
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Announcements:
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Historical Perspective
Materials impacted to the human civilization to great extent
Stone
Stone, wood, clay,
Bone, skins, etc
Bronze
Cu- Sn alloy
Iron Advanced
Materials?
Fe and Steel
This is not just the material evolution but the result of massive
technological development and hardship of millions
Think of bronze coin of Rs 1/What are the things required to make one?
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Classification of Materials
(6 materials that changed the world)
Metals and Alloys (Crystalline, Metallic Bonding)
Ceramics (Crystalline, Ionic Bonding, Partially Covalent)
Glasses (Non crystalline, Ionic Bonding)
Polymers (plastics), Thermoplastics and Thermosets
(Non crystalline, Covalent and weak van der Waals bonding)
Semiconductors (Crystalline, Covalent Bonding)
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Composite Materials (Mixture of above materials)
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Introducing Metals
Metallic Materials have :
1). High strength and
formability
2). Ductility (plastic
deformation)
Suspension bridge
(Steel)
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The shaded elements are inherently metallic and basis for the
various engineering alloys, from Fe, Al, Mg, Ti, Ni, Zn, Cu and etc.
Introducing Ceramics
Metal oxides, MxOy, are called
ceramics
. Chemically stable
Refractory
}
. Very high melting point
. high strength but very brittle
Used in high temperature, corrosive
environments, various furnaces, chemical
processing systems.
Example : Al2O3 (alumina), Mpt. = 2020oC,
transparent, becomes translucent with impurity.
Nonmetallic ceramic
forming elements
Ceramics are usually oxides. However, silicon nitride (Si3N4) is an important nonoxide ceramic
used in a variety of structural applications. Some ceramics are chemical compounds made up of
one of the five nonmetallic materials, C, N, O, P or S. Very many variety of ceramic materials can
be formed. (C, N, P, S are forming none-oxide ceramics with metallic elements.)
(Here Si and Ge are included as metallic elements in this classification, because they form ceramics.)
Introducing Glasses
Schematic comparison of the atomic-scale
structure of (a) a ceramic (crystalline) and
(b) a glass (noncrystalline).
Crystalline ceramics
Noncrystalline glass
Glasses continued
The general term for noncrystalline
solids with composition comparable
to those of crystalline ceramics is
GLASS.
Most common glasses are silicates;
ordinary window glass is
approximately 72% silica (Si02) by
weight, with the balance of materials
being primarily sodium oxide (Na2O)
and calcium oxide (CaO).
Introducing Polymers
Polymers brought major impact of modern
engineering technology on everyday life.
Plastics is an alternative name of polymers
because of their extensive formability
during fabrication.
Polymers are long-chain molecules
composed of many (100s, 1,000s etc)
mers bonded together.
Polymers (Nylon)
Nylon is a member of the family of
synthetic polymers known as polyamides
invented in 1935 at the DuPont Co.
Nylon was the first commercially successful
polymer and was initially used as bristles in
toothbrushes (1938) followed by the highly
popular use as an alternative to silk
stockings (1940), and nylon became the
focus of an intensive effort during the early
stages of WWII to replace the diminishing
supply of Asian silk for parachutes and
other military supplies. (beginning of
INSTRON)
Since its development during W W II, nylon
fabric remains the most popular material of
choice for parachute designs.
Introducing Composites
Composites are another set of materials made up of some combination of individual
materials from the previous categories materials with their own bonding characteristics.
Kevlar reinforcement is a popular application in modern highperformance tires. In this case, the durability of sidewall reinforcement
is tested along concrete ridges at a proving ground track.
Composites
continued
Kevlar fiber
reinforcements provide
significant advances
over traditional fibers
for polymer-matrix
composites.
Announcements
- Forming groups for assignments/activities
- Attendance Proxy is forbidden
- Minute Paper
Things you liked most (clear)
Things you didnt like (not clear)
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Lecture 4
Feb 23, 2016
Learning Outcome
- Semiconductors
- Advanced Materials with Applications
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Introducing Semiconductors
Electrical conductivity falls in between the metals and insulators
Periodic table with the elemental semiconductors in dark color (Si, Ge, Sn) & those
elements that form semiconducting compounds in light color. The semiconducting
compounds are composed of pairs of elements from columns III and V (e.g., GaAs) or
from columns II and VI (e.g., CdS).
Evolution of computers
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Advanced Materials
Materials that are utilized in high-technology (or high-tech) applications are
sometimes termed advanced materials.
High Technology (CD, Computers, fiber optics, space craft, lasers, IC, magnetic
storage, LCD, LED etc)
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Smart Materials
Sense changes in their environments and then respond
to these changes in predetermined manners
Smart Surfaces
Properties can be
significantly changed in
a controlled fashion by
external stimuli, such as
Components :
Sensors, Actuators
Materials :
Shape memory alloys
Piezoelectric ceramics
Magnetostrictive
materials
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Stress,
Temperature,
Moisture,
pH,
Electric or Magnetic
fields.
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