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Matthew M. Peet
Illinois Institute of Technology
Aircraft Dynamics
Lecture 8
Review
A Short Review of Static Stability Equations
A Summary of Coefficients
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Axial Stability
Stability in the y-z plane
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Axial Stability
Coupling with sideslip
0
0
F~ = L sin
= L
L cos
L
In a pseudo-static world, suppose that
Vy is proportional to L. Specifically,
let
Vy
= K
This creates a proportional relationship between roll angle and sideslip, angle
Vy
=
V
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hence
=
V
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Axial Stability
Coupling with sideslip
K
dCl d
dCl
=
= Cl
d
d d
V
QScK
Cl
V
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Rolling Moment
Moment Contributions
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Rolling Moment
Fuselage interaction
created
Cl = CL lac S(Qd Qu )
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Rolling Moment
Wing Dihedral
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Other Contributions
Wing Sweep
right wing.
A larger V means more lift.
The right wing rotates up, reducing
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Other Contributions
Tail
surface.
Pressure on tail creates positive
Rotation.
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Roll Control
Ailerons
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Roll Control
Ailerons
Cla
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CL
=2
Sb
y2
y1
yc
cydy
= 2CL
b
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Directional Stability
Example: Cessna Skyhawk
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Roll Stability
Example: Dassault Rafale
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Directional Stability
Example: Tu-154
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Directional Stability
Example: Harrier
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Directional Stability
Example: Mig 29
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Directional Stability
Example: Fr
egate
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Directional Stability
Example: Mirage
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Directional Stability
Example: A10
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Directional Stability
Example: P.166
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If we truly couple the dynamics of horizontal motion with roll moment, we get
y
y
=K
When an eigenvalue of K has positive real part, we get motion akin to the
falling leaf mode, which was unstable in the F/A-18.
This mode will NOT be present in static stability dynamics
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Conclusion
We need 6DOF
Translational Coordinates
Nose
Right
Down
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Conclusion
Control Surfaces.
A design example.
Motivation for 6DOF analysis.
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aircraft.
The z-axis points down.
The y-axis is perpendicular to the x z
plane.
Use the right-hand rule to define y
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Moment Equation:
Cm = Cm0 + Cm + Cme
Expressions for Cm and Cm
Cm
= CL,wf
c
c
d
Cme = VH CL,t
Stable if Cm < 0
Cm0
eq = C
m
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Cn = Cn + Cnr r
where
Cnr = v Vv CL,v ,
Stable if Cn > 0
Use plots/data to find Cn
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Cl = Cl + Cla a
where
yc
Cla
= 2CL
b
Stable if Cl < 0
Use plots/data to find Cl
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