Styles of painting by movement[edit]

Abstract Expressionism movement in painting, originating in New York City

in the 1940s. It emphasized spontaneous personal expression, freedom from
accepted artistic values, surface qualities of paint, and the act of painting
itself. Pollock, de Kooning, Motherwell, and Kline, are important abstract
expressionists.
Academic art a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence
of European academies or universities. Specifically, academic art is the art
and artists influenced by the standards of the French Acadmie des beauxarts, which practiced under the movements of Neoclassicism and
Romanticism, and the art that followed these two movements in the attempt
to synthesize both of their styles.
Action Painting connected to the Abstract Expressionist movement, but
more precise in its meaning, Action Painting believes in the expressive power
held in the actual act of painting as much as in the finished product.
Rosenberg defined the notion of the canvas as seen by the artists in this
movement as being 'not a picture but an event'.
Art Deco design style prevalent during the 1920s and 1930s, characterized
by a sleek use of straight lines and slender form.
Art Nouveau decorative art movement that emerged in the late nineteenth
century. Characterized by dense asymmetrical ornamentation in sinuous
forms, it is often symbolic and of an erotic nature. Klimt worked in an art
nouveau style.
Baroque movement in European painting in the seventeenth and early
eighteenth centuries, characterized by violent movement, strong emotion,
and dramatic lighting and coloring. Bernini, Caravaggio and Rubens were
among important baroque artists.
Bauhaus school of art, design and architecture founded in Germany in 1919.
Bauhaus style is characterized by its severely economic, geometric design
and by its respect for materials. The Bauhaus school was created when
Walter Gropius.
Byzantine style of the Byzantine Empire and its provinces, c. 330-1450.
Appearing mostly in religious mosaics, manuscript illuminations, and panel
paintings, it is characterized by rigid, monumental, stylized forms with gold
backgrounds.
Classicism based on Greek and Roman art of antiquity with emphasis on
harmony, proportion, balance, and simplicity.
Color field painting technique in abstract painting developed in the 1950s. It
focuses on the lyrical effects of large areas of color, often poured or stained

onto the canvas. Newman, Rothko, and Frankenthaler painted in this manner.
Conceptual Art movement of the 1960s and 1970s that emphasized the
artistic idea over the art object. It attempted to free art from the confines of
the gallery and the pedestal.
Constructivism Russian abstract movement founded by Tatlin, Gabo, and
Antoine Pevsner, c. 1915. It focused on art for the industrial age. Tatlin
believed in art with a utilitarian purpose.
Cubism revolutionary movement begun by Picasso and Braque in the early
twentieth century. It employs an analytic vision based on fragmentation and
multiple viewpoints.
Empire Style sometimes considered the second phase of Neoclassicism, is
an early-19th-century design movement in architecture, furniture, other
decorative arts, and the visual arts.
Dadaism movement, c. 1915-23, that rejected accepted aesthetic
standards. It aimed to create antiart and nonart, often employing a sense of
the absurd.
Der Blaue Reiter name derived from a drawing by Wassily Kandinsky that
appeared on the cover of the Almanac featuring a blue horseman.
Established in December 1911 by Kandinsky, Marc and Gabriele Mnter their
first show was entitled 'First Exhibition by the Editorial Board of the Blue
Rider' and was launched to coincide with the last show by the NKV in the
same gallery in Munich.
Die Neue Sachlichkeit (The New Objectivity) Expressionist movement
founded in Germany in the aftermath of World War I by George Grosz and
Otto Dix. Its artwork is characterized by a realistic style combined with a
cynical and socially critical philosophical stance. Other artists associated with
the movement included Christian Schad and Max Beckmann.
The Eight group of American painters who united out of opposition to
academic standards in the early twentieth century. Members of the group
were Robert Henri, Arthur Davies, Maurice Prendergast, William James
Glackens, Ernest Lawson, Everett Shinn, John Sloan, and George Luks.
Expressionism art that uses emphasis and distortion to communicate
emotion. More specifically, it refers to early twentieth century northern
European art, especially in Germany c. 1905-25. Artists such as Rouault,
Kokoschka, and Schiele painted in this manner.
Fauvism style adopted by artists associated with Matisse, c. 1905-08. They
painted in a spontaneous manner, using bold colors. From the French word
fauve, meaning "wild beast .

Flemish School characterised by idealism and experimentation with

perspective, Flemish Art thrived in the 15th century with artists such as Jan
van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, Hans Memling and Dirk Bouts. They
specialised in portrait painting with religious themes and complicated
iconography.
Fluxus movement encompassed a new aesthetic, a reductive gesturality,
part Dada, part Bauhaus and part Zen, and presumes that all media and all
artistic disciplines are fair game for combination and fusion. Fluxus presaged
avant-garde developments over the last 40 years. Fluxus objects and
performances are characterized by minimalist but often expansive gestures
based in scientific, philosophical, sociological, or other extra-artistic ideas and
leavened with burlesque.
Folk art works of a culturally homogeneous people without formal training,
generally according to regional traditions and involving crafts.
Futurism Italian movement c. 1909-19. It attempted to integrate the
dynamism of the machine age into art. Boccioni was a futurist artist.
Gothic European movement beginning in France. Gothic sculpture emerged
c. 1200, Gothic painting later in the thirteenth century. The artworks are
characterized by a linear, graceful, elegant style more naturalistic than that
which had existed previously in Europe.
Graffiti Art movement which achieved an enormous amount of success in
New York in the 1980s. It was named after the spray-can vandalism common
in most cities and most associated with the New York subway system. The
two most successful figures of this movement were Jean-Michel Basquiat and
Keith Haring. The New York art scene embraced Graffiti Art, with several
galleries specialising in the genre and a Museum of American Graffiti opening
in 1989.
Group of Seven began in the early 1900s when several Canadian Artists
began noticing a similarity in style. Canadian Painters Tom Thomson, J.E.H.
MacDonald, Arthur Lismer, Frederick Varley, Frank Johnston and Franklin
Carmichael were often believed to have socialised together through common
interests and mutual employment.
Harlem Renaissance from 1920 until about 1930 African-American cultural
movement became known as "The New Negro Movement" and later as the
Harlem Renaissance. More than a literary movement and more than a social
revolt against racism, the Harlem Renaissance exalted the unique culture of
African-Americans and redefined African-American expression.
Impressionism late-nineteenth-century French school of painting. It focused
on transitory visual impressions, often painted directly from nature, with an
emphasis on the changing effects of light and color. Monet, Renoir, and
Pissarro were important impressionists.

Kitsch German and Yiddish word denoting art that is considered an inferior,
tasteless copy of an extant style of art.
Lyrical Abstraction Post-War style of abstract painting emanating out of
Europe in the late 1940s and a style of American painting emanating out of
New York City and Los Angeles in the mid-1960s. Related to Abstract
Expressionism and Color Field painting. Practitioners include Pierre Soulages,
Nicolas de Stal, Georges Mathieu and many others.
Mannerism style, c. 1520-1600, that arose in reaction to the harmony and
proportion of the High Renaissance. It featured elongated, contorted poses,
crowded canvases, and harsh lighting and coloring.
Massurrealism fusion of the dream like visions of surrealism, pop art and
New Media Technology - as well as for an expression of the Hyper-real.
Minimalism movement in American painting and sculpture that originated in
the late 1950s. It emphasized pure, reduced forms and strict, systematic
compositions.
Nabis group of French painters active in the 1890s who worked in a
subjective, sometimes mystical style, stressing flat areas of color and pattern.
Bonnard and Vuillard were members. From the Hebrew word for "prophet."
Naive Art artwork, usually paintings, characterized by a simplified style,
nonscientific perspective, and bold colors. The artists are generally not
professionally trained. Henri Rousseau and Grandma Moses worked in this
style.
Neoclassicism or Neo-Classicism European style of the late eighteenth and
early nineteenth centuries that drew inspiration from the "classical" art and
culture of Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome. Its elegant, balanced works
revived the order and harmony of ancient Greek and Roman art. David and
Canova are examples of neoclassicists.
Op Art abstract movement in Europe and the United States, begun in the
mid-1950s, based on the effects of optical patterns. Albers worked in this
style.
Photorealism figurative movement that emerged in the United States and
Britain in the late 1960s and 1970s. The subject matter, usually everyday
scenes, is portrayed in an extremely detailed, exacting style. It is also called
superrealism, especially when referring to sculpture.
Pointilism method of painting developed by Seurat and Paul Signac in the
1880s. It used dabs of pure color that were intended to mix in the eyes of
viewers rather than on the canvas. It is also called divisionism or
neoimpressionism.

Pop Art movement that began in Britain and the United States in the 1950s.
It used the images and techniques of mass media, advertising, and popular
culture, often in an ironic way. Works of Warhol, Lichtenstein, and Oldenburg
exemplify this style.
Postimpressionism term coined by British art critic Roger Fry to refer to a
group of nineteenth-century painters, including Czanne, Van Gogh, and
Gauguin, who were dissatisfied with the limitations of expressionism. It has
since been used to refer to various reactions against impressionism, such as
fauvism nd expressionism.
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood group of English painters formed in 1848. These
artists attempted to recapture the style of painting preceding Raphael. They
rejected industrialized England and focused on painting from nature,
producing detailed, colorful works. Rossetti was a founding member.
Realist movement nineteenth century movement, especially in France, that
rejected idealized academic styles in favor of everyday subjects. Daumier,
Millet, and Courbet were realists. In a general sense, refers to objective
representation.
Renaissance Refers to Europe c. 1400-1600. Renaissance art which began in
Italy, stressed the forms of classical antiquity, a realistic representation of
space based on scientific perspective, and secular subjects. The works of
Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael exemplify the balance and harmony of
the High Renaissance (c. 1495-1520). Means "rebirth" in French.
Rococo eighteenth-century European style, originating in France. In reaction
to the grandeur and massiveness of the baroque, rococo employed refined,
elegant, highly decorative forms. Fragonard worked in this style.
Romanesque European style developed in France in the late eleventh
century. Its sculpture is ornamental, stylized and complex. Some Romanesque
frescoes survive, painted in a monumental, active manner.
Romanticism European movement of the late eighteenth to mid nineteenth
century. In reaction to neoclassicism, it focused on emotion over reason, and
on spontaneous expression. The subject matter was invested with drama and
usually painted energetically in brilliant colors. Delacroix, Gricault, Turner,
and Blake were Romantic artists.
Situationism influenced by Dada, Surrealism and Lettrism. The post-war
Lettrist International, which sought to fuse poetry and music and transform
the urban landscape, was a direct forerunner of the group who founded the
magazine 'Situationiste Internationale' in 1957. At first, they were principally
concerned with the "suppression of art", that is to say, they wished like the
Dadaists and the Surrealists before them to supersede the categorization of
art and culture as separate activities and to transform them into part of
everyday life.

De Stijl art movement advocating pure abstraction and simplicityform

reduced to the rectangle and other geometric shapes, and colour to the
primary colours, along with black and white. Piet Mondrian was the group's
leading figure. He published a manifesto titled Neo-Plasticism in 1920.
Another member, painter Theo van Doesburg had started a journal named De
Stijl, spreading the theories of the group. Their work exerted tremendous
influence on the Bauhaus and the International Style.
Suprematism Russian abstract movement originated by Malevich c. 1913. It
was characterized by flat geometric shapes on plain backgrounds and
emphasized the spiritual qualities of pure form.
Surrealism movement of the 1920s and 1930s that began in France. It
explored the unconscious, often using images from dreams. It used
spontaneous techniques and featured unexpected juxtapositions of objects.
Magritte, Dal, Mir, and Ernst painted surrealist works.
Symbolism painting movement that flourished in France in the 1880s and
1890s in which subject matter was suggested rather than directly presented.
It featured decorative, stylized, and evocative images.
Abstract art
Abstract grid art
Art Brut
Abstract Art
Abstract Illusionism
Academic Gride art
Aestheticism
Altermodern
American Barbizon school
American Impressionism
American realism
American Scene Painting
Analytical art
Antipodeans
Anti-realism
Arabesque

Arbeitsrat fr Kunst
Art Informel
Art Photography
Arte Povera
Arts and Crafts Movement
Ashcan School
Assemblage
Les Automatistes
Barbizon school
Bauhaus
Chiaroscuro
Classical Realism
Cubism
Dada
Danube school
Dau-al-Set
De Stijl also known as Neoplasticism
Die Brcke
Deconstructivism
Energy Art movement
Fantastic realism
Figurative art
Figuration Libre
Geometric abstract art
Graphic grid art
Graphic grid in visual art
Graphic grid in applied art

Graphic grid in painting

Gutai group
Hudson River School
Humanistic Aestheticism
Hypermodernism
Hyperrealism
Institutional Critique
International Gothic
International Typographic Style
indian Style
Les Nabis
Letterism
Lowbrow (art movement)
Lyco art
Lyrical Abstraction
Magic Realism
Maximalism
Metaphysical painting
Mingei
Modern art
Modernism
Modular constructivism
Neoclassicism
Neo-Dada
Neo-expressionism
Neo-figurative
Neoism

Neo-primitivism
Net art
New Objectivity
Northwest School (art)
Orphism
Pixel Art
Pixel Grid Art
Plein Air
Postmodernism
Precisionism
Pre-Raphaelitism
Primitivism
Purism (arts)
Purism in painting
Qajar art
Rasquache
Realism
Remodernism
Rococo
Salon
Samikshavad
Sfumato
Shin hanga
Shock art
Ssaku hanga
Socialist Realism
Space Art

Street Art
Still life
Stuckism
Synchromism
Tachisme
Toyism
Transgressive art
Ukiyo-e
Underground comix
Veduta
Vorticism
Verdadism