PHYSICS - SYLLABUS

IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICS
Physics, the Queen of all sciences, is a subject of prime importance
time immemorial. All other science subjects and their developments depend
primarily on the evolution of Physics and its principles. The application of
Physics pervades right from astronomical scales to nano scales including all
Engineering, Medicine and other sciences. In the Modern world, the
economy and development of a country depends on the production of
electricity tapping all means like nuclear, wind, geothermal, hydro etc.
which heavily depend on the principles of Physics and their implementation.
All achievements in the world are due to the inventions made in Physics.
The hardware of the computers is nothing but the development of electronic
science a branch of Physics. A Physics graduate is eligible for further studies
in
i.

Computer applications & Information Sciences

ii.

Telecommunication & Satellite Communication

iii.

Crystal growth

iv.

Spectroscopy & Laser Physics

v.

Nano Science & Thin films

vi.

X-ray crystallography & Radiation Physics

vii.

Bio-Physics

viii. Bio-informatics
ix.

Nuclear Sciences

x.

Astro Physics

xi.

Space Sciences

xii.

Meta Physics

xiii. Metallurgy
xiv.

Energy Physics

xv.

Instrumentation Physics

xvi.

Medical Physics & Bio- Medical Sciences

xvii. Aeronautical & Naval Sciences

PROPERTIES OF MATTER
UNIT I ELASTICITY
Elasticity - stress - strain - modulus of elasticity - relation between Elastic
constants - Poissons ratio- work done in twisting - rigidity modulus and
moment of inertia by torsional oscillations - bending of beams - expression
for internal bending moment - cantilever - determination of q, n and by
Searle's method.
UNIT II - SURFACE TENSION
Surface tension - curved surfaces - excess of pressure inside a curved surface
- formation of drops - drop weight method - theory & experiment capillarity
(theory & experiment) - angle of contact - Quincke's method.
Diffusion - Fick's law - experiment to measure diffusivity - Graham's law of
diffusion of gases.

UNIT III - VISCOSITY

Viscosity - viscous forces - coefficient of viscosity - determination of
co-efficient of viscosity by capillary flow method - comparison of viscosities
by Ostwald's bulb - motion in highly viscous medium - Stokes formula viscosity of gases - Rankine's method - applications of viscosity.
UNIT IV - CENTRE OF GRAVITY AND CENTRE OF PRESSURE
Centre of gravity - centre of mass - C.G. of a compound body - C.G of a
solid cone and hemisphere (solid & hollow) - centre of pressure - centre of
pressure of a vertical, rectangular and triangular lamina.
UNIT V HYDRODYNAMICS
Equation of continuity - Euler's equation for unidirectional flow - Bernoulli's
theorem - applications of Bernoulli's theorem - Torricelli's theorem Venturimeter - Pitot tube - wings of an aeroplane.
BOOKS FOR STUDY AND REFERENCE
1. Properties of Matter
2. Properties of Matter
3. Properties of Matter
4. Waves and Oscillations

P. E. Subramanian Iyer
S. Viswanathan Pvt. Ltd.,
D. S. Mathur
S. Chand & Co.
N. Subramanyan & Brijlal
S. Chand & Co.
N. Subramanyan & Brijlal
S. Chand & Co.

SOUND
UNIT I INTRODUCTION
Sound - Properties - measurement of intensity and loudness of sound - Bel
and phon - Lissajou's figures - composition of two SH vibrations of equal
time period acting at right angles - composition of two SH vibrations at right
angles with time period in the ratio 1: 2 - Experimental methods for
obtaining Lissajou's figures- Optical method - Blackburns Pendulum.
UNIT II - HARMONIC OSCILLATIONS
Sound waves - free, damped and forced vibrations - equations for damped
and forced vibrations - resonance - sharpness of resonance - examples of
resonance.
UNIT III - SOUND WAVES
Transverse and longitudinal waves - laws of vibration - Melde's experiment
-velocity of sound waves in solids - Kundt's tube - Fourier series and its
application in the analysis of square wave and sawtooth wave.
UNIT IV - ACOUSTICS
Acoustics - conditions for acoustically good buildings - Reverberation time
measurement of reverberation time - Sabines formula - absorption
coefficient - measurement of absorption coefficient.

UNIT V - ULTRASONICS
Ultrasonics properties - production - magnetostriction and piezo electric
methods - detection of ultrasonic waves - measurement of ultrasonic waves
-diffraction of ultrasonic waves - acoustic grating - application of ultrasonic
waves.
BOOKS FOR STUDY AND REFERENCE
1. Sound

N. Subrahmanyam
S. Chand & Co.

2. Sound

A. B. Wood
G. Hell & Sons Ltd.

3. Sound

E. G. Richardson
Edward Arnold & Co.

4. Text Book of Sound

R. L. Seighal
S. Chand & Co.

HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS

UNIT I - CALORIMETRY
Specific heat of liquids - Callender and Barne's continuos flow method Barton's method for radiation correction - specific heat of gases - Meyer's
relation - determination of Cv by Jolly's differential steam calorimeter
determination of Cp by Regnault's method.
UNIT II - CONDUCTION AND RADIATION
Determination of thermal conductivity - determination of thermal
conductivity of a good conductor - Forbe's method - thermal conductivity of
Poor conductor - Lees disc method.
Black body radiation - Stefan's constant - determination of Stefans constant
deduction of Newton's law from Stefan's law - Planck's law - Solar Constant
- temperature of sun.
UNIT III - LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
Joule - Kelvin effect - porous plug experiment - discussion of Joule-Kelvin
effect at, below and above (1) Boyle temperature (2) temperature of
inversion - application of low temperature - refrigerator.
LIQUEFACTION OF GAS
Dewar's hydrogen liquefier- K Onne's method to liquefy Helium - Adiabatic
demagnetization.

UNIT IV - BASIC THERMODYNAMICS

Concept of entropy - entropy of an ideal gas - reversible and irreversible
processes and their entropies - Carnot's theorem- proof of Carnot's theorem Carnot engine - thermodynamical scale of temperature - its relation to
perfect gas scale - entropy - temperature diagram - Maxwells
thermodynamic equation and its application - Latent heat equation I and II
UNIT V- STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS
Definition of phase - micro and macro states ensembles - different types of
ensembles.
Classical and quantum statistics
Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics - expression for distribution function - BoseEinstein statistics - expression for distribution function - Fermi-Dirac
statistics - expression for distribution function - comparision of three
statistics.
BOOS FOR STUDY AND REFERENCE
1. Heat and Thermodynamics
Brijlal and N. Subramanyan
S. Chand & Co.
2. Heat and Thermodynamics

D. S. Mathur, S. Chand & Co.

3. Heat

Ananthakrishnan, S. Viswanathan and

Co
4. Heat and Thermodynamics

J. B. Rajam, S. Chand & Co.

5. Text book of Heat

M. Narayanamoorthy, National
Publishing House.

6. College Physics

M. Nelkon and Parker.

7. Heat and Thermodynamics

W. Zeemansky McGraw Hill

Publishing House

OPTICS
UNIT I - GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
Huygen's and Ramsden's eyepieces - small angled prism - determination of
refractive index of material of small angled prisms - spherical aberration reducing spherical aberration - Coma - aplanatic lens - astigmatism curvature of the field - distortion - chromatic aberration - achromatism achromatic combination of lenses
UNIT II INTERFERENCE
Coherent source - Phase difference and path difference - Fresnel's biprism fringes with white light using a biprism - determination of the thickness of a
thin sheet of transparent material - air Wedge - testing the planeness of a
surface - theory of Newton's rings - determination of refractive index of
liquid using Newton's rings - Newton's rings formed by two curved surfaces.
UNIT III - INTERFEROMETERS
Michelson's interferometer - determination of wave length and fine structure
difference

Jamin's

refractometer

Rayleigh's

refractometer

Lummer-Gercke plate - theory of dispersion of spectral lines by Lummer

plate.
UNIT IV - DIFFRACTION
Diffraction - Introduction- Fresnel's assumption - rectilinear propagation of'
light - Zone plate and its action - Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction Fraunhofer diffraction at a double slit - plane diffraction grating - theory -

width of principle maxima - normal and oblique incidence - absent and

overlapping spectra - determination of wavelength using grating - dispersive
power.
UNIT V - POLARIZATION
Polarisation of transverse waves - Plane of polarization - Plane of vibration
Principal section of a crystal - Principal plane - Huygen's explanation of
double refraction in uniaxial crystals - Quarter wave plate - Half wave plate Production and detection of plane, circularly and elliptically polarized light
dichroism - Optical activity - specific rotation - Laurent's half shade
polarimeter.
BOOK FOR STUDY
1. Textbook of Optics
2. Principle of Optics
3. Advanced Level Physics

Brijlal & N. Subrahmanyan,

S. Chand & Co.Ltd.,
D. S. Mathur,
Gopal Publishing Co. Meerut
Nelkon & Parker, 7th Edition
CBS Pub lishers & Distributors.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE

1. Geometrical & Physical Optics
2. Fundamentals of Optics
3. A text book of Light
4. Geometrical &Physical Optics
5. Optics

S. K. Mathur, S. Chand & Co.

A. Jenkins & White.
McGraw Hill Kogakusha Ltd.
D. N. Vasudeva, S. Chand & Co.
Longhurst, Longman.
Ajay Ghatak,
Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.

ELECTRICITY AND ELECTROMAGNETISM

UNIT I - DC CIRCUITS
Growth and decay of current in a circuit containing resistance and
inductance - Growth and decay of charge in a circuit containing resistance
and capacitance - Growth and decay of charge in a LCR circuit - condition
for the discharge to be oscillatory - frequency of oscillation.
UNIT II - ALTERNATING CURRENT
Peak, average and RMS values of AC voltage and current-power factor and
current values in an AC circuit containing LCR (reactance and impedance) series and parallel resonant circuits - power in an AC Circuit - wattless
current -choke coil - AC motors - single phase, three phase - star and delta
connections - electric fuses - circuit breakers.
UNIT III - MAGNETIC EFFECT OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
Magnetic field around a current carrying conductor - Biot and Savart's law magnetic field intensity at a point on the axis of a circular coil carrying
current - magnetic field intensity due to a solenoid carrying current - effect
of iron core in a solenoid - moving coil ballistic galvanometer - theory damping correction - determination of absolute capacity of a condenser
using B.G.
UNIT IV - ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
Faraday's

experiments

on

electromagnetism

Faraday's

laws

of

electromagnetic induction - Lenz's law - deduction of Faraday's law from

Lorentz force - vector potential - eddy currents - inductors and inductance determination of self inductance of a coil using Anderson method - mutual

inductance - experimental determination of absolute mutual inductance coefficient of coupling.

UNIT V - APPLICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
Earth inductor - uses of earth inductor - measurement of horizontal
component of the earth's magnetic field - measurement of vertical
component of earth's magnetic field - calibration of B.G - measurement of
intense magnetic field using search coil and BG - nduction coil and its uses.
BOOKS FOR STUDY
1. Electricity & Magnetism
2. Electricity & Magnetism
3. Electricity & Magnetism

M. Narayanamurthy & N. Nagarathanam,

NPC. Pub., Revised edition.
K. K. Tewari,
S. Chand & Co, 2002.
D. Chattopadhyay and P. C. Rakshit
Books and Allied (P) Ltd., 2001.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE

1. Electromagnetic Theory &
Electrodynamics
2. Introduction to Electrodynamics
3. Fundamentals of Physics, 6th edition
4. Physics 4th edition Vol. 1, 2 & 2
Extended
5. CRC Handbook of Physics &
Chemistry, 8th edition
6. The Feynmann Lectures on Physics
Vol. 1, 2 & 3
7. Electricity and Magnetism

Sathyaprakash.
D.J. Griffiths 3rd edition,
PHI, New Delhi, 2002.
D. Halliday, R. Resnick and
Walker, Willey NY, 2001.
D. HaIliday, R. Resnick and
K. S. Krane, Wiley, NY, 1994.
CRC Press, NY, 1999.
R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton
and M. Sands, Narosa, New
Delhi, 1998.
Brijlal & Subramaniyan
Chand & Co.

SPECTROSCOPY AND LASER PHYSICS

UNIT I - INTRODUCTION TO SPECTROSCOPY AND
MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY
Characterization of electromagnetic radiation - quantization of energy regions of the spectrum - basic elements of practical spectroscopy - width of
spectral lines - intensity of spectral lines.
Rotation of molecules - rotational spectra - rigid diatomic molecule intensity
of spectral lines - technical and instrumentation (outline).
UNIT II - INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Energy of a diatomic molecule - simple harmonic oscillator - diatomic
vibrating rotator - vibration rotation spectrum of carbondioxide - breakdown
of the Born Oppenheimer approximation - interaction of rotations and
vibrations - techniques and instrumentation (outline).
UNIT III - RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
Quantum theory of Raman effect - Molecular polarizability - pure rotational
Raman spectra of linear molecules - vibrational Raman spectra - structure
determination from Raman and Infrared spectroscopy - techniques and
instrumentation (outline).
UNIT IV - LASER PHYSICS
Laser - principle - spontaneous and stimulated emission - population
inversion, pumping - resonators - vibrational modes of resonators, number of
modes per unit volume - open resonators, control resonators, Q factor -

losses in the cavity, threshold condition - quantum yield - Ruby laser - 3

level system - pumping power - spiking U3+ in CaF2, four level system, CO2
laser (working principle only).
UNIT V - APPLICATIONS OF LASER AND HOLOGRAPHY
Applications of Lasers in communication, industry and medicine Holography: recording - theory of reconstruction of images - characteristics
of a hologram - classification of hologram - comparison with conventional
photography - practical applications of hologram - Holographic Optical
Element (HOE), photo refractive crystals (Basic ideas).
BOOKS FOR STUDY
1. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy - Banwell C. N. & McCagh,
Tata McGraw Hill publishing Co Ltd., IV edition New Delhi, 1994. (U1, U- 11 & U- III)
2. Laser and Non-Linear Optics - Laud B. B., Wiley Easter Ltd., NY, 1985.
(U - IV & U - V)
3. An Introduction to Lasers - Theory and Applications - Avadhanulu M. N.,
S. Chand & Co., New Delhi, 2001. (U - IV & U- V)
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
1. Basic Principles of Spectroscopy - Chang Raymond, Mc Graw Hill
Publishing Co. Ltd, New Delhi, 1971.
2. Elements of Spectroscopy - Gupta S. L., Kumar V., Sharma R. C.,
Pragathi Prakashan, Meerut, 1980.
3. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy - Barrow G. M. McGrawHill,
Kogakusha Ltd., Tokyo, 1962.
4. Spectroscopy - Straughen & Walker, Chapman & Hill London Inc.

5. Optoelectronics - An Introduction by Wilson J. & Hawkes J. F. B,

Prentice Hall, NY, 1987.
6. Optics - Ajay Ghatak, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.
7. Semiconductor Optoelectronics - Prof. P. K. Palanisamy, Scitech
Publishing Co. Ltd.
8. Optical Electronics - Ajay Ghatak & Thiagarajan, Cambridge University
Press, 1991.
9. Introduction to Laser Physics - Lengyal, John Wiley Publications Ltd.

SOLID STATE PHYSICS

UNIT I - PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
Types of solids: amorphous - powder - crystalline - forces in solidscalculation of cohesive energy - calculation of bond energy of NaCl
molecules - types of bonds - ionic bond, covalent bond, metallic bond,
hydrogen bond - comparison of bond strengths and energies.
UNIT II - ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
Properties of metals - Classical free electron theory of metals - Drude Lorentz theory - electrical and thermal conductivities - Weideman-Franz law
-Quantum free electron theory (qualitative only)
UNIT III - MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
Permeability and susceptibility - relation between them - different types of
magnetic materials - Langevin's theory of diamagnetism - Langevins theorv
of Para magnetism - Weiss theory of Para magnetism - Heisenbergs
quantum theory of Ferro magnetism - concept of magnetic alloys susceptibility of ferro magnetic materials - Curie temperature.
UNIT IV - PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALS
Crystal lattice - symmetry properties - point and space groups - Bravais
lattices - Miller indices- reciprocal lattice - unit cell - types of crystals simple cubic, face centered - body centered cubic structures - hexogonal
close packed structure - simple crystal structures - NaCl structure - ZnS
(zinc blende) structure - diamond structure.

UNIT V - X-RAY CRYSTAL LOGRA PHY

X-ray diffraction of crystals - Bragg's equation - Bragg's X-ray spectrometer
- experimental methods (i) powder method (ii) Laue method (iii) rotating
crystal method.
BOOKS FOR STUDY & REFERENCE
1. Introduction to
Solid state Physics

C. Kittel, John Wiley Publications,

5th edition

2. Material Science

G. K. Narula, K. S. Narula, V. K. Gupta,

Tata McGraw Hill.
R. Murugeshan, S. Chand & Co.

3. Modern Physics
4. Solid State Physics

R. S. Singhal, Kedarnath and Ramnath &

Co., Meerut, 6 th edition.

5. Atomic Physics

J. B. Rajam, S. Chand & Co.

6. Solid State Physics

S. O. Pillai, New Age International

Publication Ltd.

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

UNIT I - ELECTRONIC DEVICES
Constructional features - basic theory of operation and I-V characteristics of
the following UJT, JFET, MOSFET, PNPN diode, SCR and tunnel diode LED - photodiode - phototransistor - photoresistor - optoisolator.
UNIT II - TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIERS
Theory of two stage RC coupled amplifier - low, mid and high frequency
range - hybrid equivalent circuit, voltage gain, frequency response - types of
coupling - Class A, Class B - power amplifier - complementary push pull
amplifier.
UNIT III - TRANSISTOR OSCILLATORS
Feed back principle - conditions for oscillations - phase shift, Wien's bridge
and crystal controlled oscillators - RF oscillator.
UNIT IV - COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES
MODULATION: Types of modulation - amplitude modulation - power
relation, frequency modulation - frequency spectrum of FM wave comparison of AM and FM - pulse modulation - sampling theorem - types of
pulse modulation PAM, PPM, and PCM.
RECEIVERS: Demodulation - AM detection - diode detection - FM
detection - frequency discriminator - super herterodyne receiver - RF, IF and
AF stages (block diagram) - elementary ideas of modem.

UNIT V - ANTENNA
Principle - dipole antenna - radiation from dipole and vertical antenna - field
strength, power radiated and radiation resistance - Yagi Uda antenna reflector and director.
TELEVISION: Composite videosignal - scanning methods - TV standards principles of colour television - colour picture tube - colour camera tube
-plumbicon - colour TV transmitter and receiver (block diagram) elementary ideas of fibre optic communication.
BOOKS FOR STUDY AND REFERENCE
1. Electronic Principle
2. Solid State Electronics
3. Elements of Electronics
4. A Text book of Applied Electronics
5. Hand book of Electronics
6. Basic Electronics
7. Integrated Electronics
8. Communication systems
9. Digital Computer Electronics
10. Radio Engineering
11. Television Principles
12. Television Principles
13. Monochrome and Colour
Television
14. Basic Television transmission
and reception
15. Basic Television and Videosystems

V. K. Mehta, S. Chand & Co.

Ambrose & Vincent Devaraj
Meera Publications.
Bagde & Singh,
S. Chand & Co.
R. S. Sedha, S. Chand & Co.
Gupta & Kumar
Pragati Prakashan.
Theraja, S. Chand & Co.
Millman and Halkias
McGraw Hill, Kogakusha.
Kennedy, Tata McGraw Hill.
Albert Paul Malvino
Tata McGraw Hill.
Terman, McGraw Hill.
Grob, McGraw Hill.
Dhakey, Tata McGraw Hill.
Gulati, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
Maini Anil. K.
CBS Publishers.
B. Grob, Tata
McGraw Hill.

ENERGY PHYSICS
UNIT I - NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES
Wind energy - introduction - wind power - determination -wind mills - types
and performance.
UNIT II - BIO MASS ENERGY
Introduction - bio gas generation - digesters and their design - application of
biogas.
UNIT III - OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY
Ocean - thermal electric conversion - introduction - method and working principle of generating plants.
UNIT IV - SOLAR ENERGY
Solar radiation - Pyroheliometers - Pyranometers - estimation of average
solar radiation - estimation of direct and diffused radiation - solar collectors
physical principles of the conversion of solar radiation into heat - flat plate
collectors - description and characteristics - evaluation of overall loss
coefficient of thermal energy - thermal analysis of flat plate collector and
useful heat gained by the fluids.
UNIT V - APPLICATION OF SOLAR ENERGY
Solar photo voltaics - semi conductor principles - photo voltaic principles types of solar cells - applications of solar photo voltaic systems.

BOOKS FOR STUDY

1. Non Conventional
Energy Sources

G. D. Rai, 4th edition, 1997.

2. Solar energy utilization

G. D. Rai, Khanna Publishers Delhi,

3rd edition and 5th edition, 1995.

3. Alternate Energy

S. Vandane, A. P. H. Publishing
Corporation, New Delhi.

4. Solar - Energy The Infinite

Source

G. K. Ghosh, Ashish Publishing

HNSC, New Delhi.

5. Solar Drying systems

.
6. Solar Energy
House.
7. Solar Energy

B. K. Bala, Agrotech Publishing

Academy - Idaipur I edition.
G. N. Tiwari, Narosa Publishing
S. P. Sukhatme, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company, 1997.

8. Energy Technology

S. Rao and Dr. B. B. Parulekar,

II edition, 1997.

9. Power Plant Technology

A. K. Wahil, 1993.

10. Renewable Energy Power

for a Sustainable future

Godfrey Boyle and Alden

Press Ltd., Oxford, 1996.

CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS

UNIT I - RIGID BODY DYNAMICS

Kinetic energy of rotation - compound pendulum - equivalent simple
pendulum period of compound pendulum - determination of 'g' & radius of
gyration - Bifilar pendulum - parallel and non-parallel threads.
UNIT II - CLASSICAL MECHANICS
Constraints - holonomic and nonholonomic - Generalized coordinates transformation equations - principle of virtual work - D'Alembert's principle
-deduction of Lagrange's equation from D'Alembert's principle - application:
Atwood's machine, simple pendulum - Hamilton's canonical equations application - linear harmonic oscillator.
UNIT III - RELATIVISTIC MECHANICS
Galilean transformation equations - Michelson Morley experiment
postulates
of

special

theory

of

relativity

Lorentz

transformation

equations-simultaneity -Lorenz contraction - time dilation - meson decay mass energy equivalence - variation of mass with velocity.
UNIT IV - WAVE MACHANICS
de Broglie's concept of matter waves - de Broglie wavelength - experimental
verification - Davison and Germer experiment - uncertainty principle gamma ray microscope - postulates of wave mechanics - time dependent and

time independent Schrodinger equation - wave function and its physical

significance - orthogonal and normalized wave functions.
UNIT V - APPLICATION OF WAVE MECHANICS
Eigen function and eigen values - particle in an infinitely deep potential well
-linear harmonic oscillator - ground state of hydrogen atom.
BOOKS FOR STUDY
1. Mechanics and
Properties of Matter
2. Classical Mechanics
Prakasan.

R. Murugesan S. Chand & Co.

Gupta, Kumar, Sharma, Pragati

3. Introductions to
Special Relativity

Robert Resnick-Wiely Eastern.

4. Quantum Mechanics

Gupta, Kumar, Sharma, Jai Prakash

Nathan & Co.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE

1. Classical Mechanics
2. A Text book of
Quantum Mechanics

Goldstein, Narosa Publishers.

P. M. Mathews & K. N. Venkatesan,
Tata McGraw Hill.

ATOMIC PHYSICS
UNIT I - POSITIVE RAYS
Properties of positive rays - e/m of positive rays by Thomson's parabola
method Mass spectrograph - Astons, Bainbridge, Dempster - isotopes - Mass
defect and packing fraction.
UNIT II - PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
Photoelectric emission - laws - Lenard's experiment - Richardson and
Compton experiment - Einstein's photoelectric equation - experimental
verification by Millikans method - Photoelectric cell - Photovoltaic cell Photomultiplier.
UNIT III - VECTOR ATOM MODEL
Various quantum numbers - L-S and J-J coupling - Pauli's exclusion
principle - magnetic dipole moment of an electron due to orbital and spin
motion - Bohr magneton - Stern and Gerlach experiment.

UNIT IV - FINE STRUCTURE

Critical potential - Davis and Goucher method - Zeeman effect experimental arrangement and classical theory of normal Zeeman effect Larmor's theorem - quantum theory of normal Zeeman effect - anamolous
Zeeman effect - Paschen Back effect - Stark effect (Qualitative only).

UNIT V - X-RAYS
Production of X-rays - Properties of X-rays - X-ray diffraction - Bragg's law
- verification of Braggs law - continuous X-ray spectrum - characteristic
X-ray -- Mosleys law - Scattering of X-rays - Compton effect - uses of X rays.
BOOKS FOR STUDY
1. Modern Physics

R. Murugesan, S. Chand & Co.

2. Atomic & Nuclear Physics Brijlal & N. Subrahmanyam, S. Chand &

Co.
3. Modern Physics

J. B. Rajam, S. Chand & Co.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE

1. Atomic Physics

J. B. Rajam, S. Chand & Co.

2. Perspective of Modern Physics

Arthur Beisser, McGraw Hill.

3. Modern Physics

S. Ramamoorthy, National Publishing

& Co.

NUCLEAR PHYSICS

UNIT I - GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE NUCLEUS

Size, mass, charge, spin angular momentum, magnetic dipole moment,
electric quadrupole moment (No experimental determination) - Nuclear
forces - Binding energy - Liquid drop model and Weizsacker's semi
empirical mass formula - shell model and magic numbers.
UNIT II - NUCLEAR DECAY
Natural radioactivity - half life period and decay constant - transient and
secular equilibrium - radioactive dating - age of the Earth Geiger-Nuttal
Law - Gamow's theory of alpha decay (quantitative treatment) - Beta decay
(qualitative) - neutrino theory - wavelength determination of gamma rays Crystal spectrometer - Nuclear isomerism - internal conversion.
UNIT III - RADIATION DETECTORS AND PARTICLE
ACCELERATORS
lonisation chamber - Geiger Muller counter - scintillation counter - Wilson
cloud chamber - Bubble chamber - Photo emulsion techniques - Linear
accelerator - Cyclotron - Betatron - Synchrocyclotron.
UNIT IV - NUCLEAR REACTIONS
Artificial Transmutation - Production and uses of radio isotope - Energy
balance in nuclear reaction - Q value - Nuclear fission - Energy released in
fission - chain reaction - critical size - basic ideas of nuclear reactors -

nuclear fusion - source of stellar energy - thermonuclear reaction - controlled

thermonuclear reaction.
UNIT V - COSMIC RAYS AND ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
Discovery of cosmic rays - latitude, azimuth and altitude effect - cascade
theory of showers - pair production - discovery of positron - origin of
cosmic rays primary - secondary cosmic rays - Van Allen belts classification of elementary particles - four types of interaction - Quantum
numbers - conservation laws - basic ideas of quark model - elementary
application in astrophysics.
BOOKS FOR STUDY
1. Modern Physics
2. Atomic & Nuclear
Physics
3. Modern Physics

R. Murugesan, S. Chand & Co.

Brijlal & N. Subramaniyan, S. Chand & Co.
J. B. Rajam, S. Chand & Co.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE

1. Nuclear Physics

D. C. Tayal, Himalaya Publishing House.

2. Fundamentals of
Longo, McGraw Hill.
Elementary particle physics
3. Notes on Elementary
Particle physics

H. Muirhead, Pergman Press.

FORTRAN AND C PROGRAMMING

UNIT I - FORTRAN PROGRAMMING
FORTRAN

characters,

constants,

variables,

operators,

expressions,

hierarchy of operation, sample program sheet, type declarations, arithmetic

statements, I/O statements - READ, WRITE, PRINT - types of formats - I, F,
E, A, X, slash, H and quote formats.
UNIT II EXECUTABLE STATEMENTS
Control statements - conditional, unconditional, arithmetic IF, logical IF,
relational operators, library functions, GOTO, Computed GOTO.
Do loop - nested Do loop, implied Do loop, continue statements, arrays and
subscripted variables, dimension statements.
UNIT III PROGRAMS
Subprograms and functions - CALL and RETURN statements.
Simple programs in FORTRAN
1. Solving a quadratic equation 2. Addition, subtraction of two matrices
3. Product of two matrices 4. Transpose of a matrix 5. Testing for special
numbers - a) pythogorous numbers (b) Armstrong numbers.

C PROGRAMMING
UNIT IV- INTRODUCTION TO C
Importance of C, Basic structure of C programme, programming style Constants, variables and data types - character set, key words and identifiers
declaration of variables - assigning values to variables.

Operator and expressions - automatic, relational, logical, assignment,

increment and decrement, conditional, bitwise, comma operators - arithmetic
expressions - precedence and associativity.
UNIT - V PROGRAMMING GENERAL
Control structure - decision making with IF, IF ELSE SWITCH - GOTO BREAK and CONTINUE Statements - WHILE, DO WHILE, FOR
statements - Arrays - one dimensional and two dimensional arrays - storing
arrays in memory - initializing arrays.
Development of algorithm, flow chart and program for the following
problems
1. Average of a set of numbers
2. Conversion of Fahrenheit to Celsius
3. Sorting a set of numbers in ascending / descending order
4. To arrange the names in alphabetical order.
BOOKS FOR STUDY
1. Fortran 77
2. Computer Programming
in Fortran 77
3. Fortran Programming in
Fortran 77
4. Programming in ANSI C
5. Programming with C
6. The C Programming Language
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
1.Fortran Programming and
Numerical Methods
2. Schaum's outline series
Theory and problems of
Programming with C

M. Ramkumar, Tata McGraw Hill.

E. Rajaraman, Prentice Hall Pvt,
Ltd.
Gottfried, McGraw Hill.
E. Balaguruswamy, Tata McGraw
Hill Publications.
Venugopal K. R. and Surdep R. P.,
Tata McGraw Hill (1998).
Kernghan Ritchie, Prentice Hall
(second edition).
M. Desai, Tata McGraw Hill.
C. Byson, S. Gottfried,
McGraw Hill International.

INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION

UNIT I - OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Operational amplifier architecture - gain stage, differential stage, output
stage - offset voltage and currents - definition of operational amplifier
parameters - inverting and non-inverting amplifer - differential amplifier.
UNIT II - APPLICATION OF OPAMP
Astable multivibrator - monostable multivibrator - Schmitt trigger - phase
shift oscillator - inverting and non inverting summer - differentiator integrator.
UNIT III - COMBINATION LOGIC
Logic gates - Boolean functions -complement of a function - half adder - full
adder - Subtractor - code conversion - universal gates - de Morgans theorem
- Karnaugh map - pair - quad - octet.
UNIT IV - SEQUENTIAL LOGIC
Clocked RS flip flop J-K flipflop - D flipflop - T flipflop - asynchronous
ripple counter - (ripple) synchronous counter.
UNIT V- INSTRUMENTATION
Variable resistance transducer - linear & angular motion potentiometers
thermistor - resistance strain gauges - photoelectric transducers - electrical
transducers - LED, LCD, seven segment display - digital voltmeter,
frequency meter.

BOOKS FOR STUDY & REFERENCE

1. Linear OPAMP & Application

Ramakanth Gaekwad,
Prentice Hall of India, 2nd edition.

2. Linear Integrated circuits

D. Roy Choudhury & Shil Jain,

New Age Intl. Pvt. Ltd.

3. Handbook of Electronics

Gupta & Kumar.

4. Digital Principles & Applications

Hill.

Malvino Leech, Tata McGraw

5. Introduction to microprocessor

A. P. Mathur, Tata McGraw Hill.

6. Modern digital Electronics

R. P. Jain, Tata McGraw Hill.

7. Handbook of Transducers

Norton, Prentice Hall of India.

8. Mechanical Measurement &

Control

D. S. Kurnar, Metropolitan Book

Co., II edition.