LECTURE 4

SAFETY AND PERSONAL

PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
(PPE)
1

DR SHANTI K NAVARATNAM

OBJECTIVES
4.1 PPE examples -Goggle, lab coat, gloves, shoes,
respirator.
4.2 Safety equipments fume hood, fire extinguisher,
safety shower, eye wash, first aid kit, fire alarm, exit
door.

4.1 PPE EXAMPLES -GOGGLE,

LAB COAT, GLOVES, SHOES,
RESPIRATOR.
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EXPOSURE
Exposure

to Hazardous Chemicals Can Result in

acute or chronic health effects

Acute

Chronic

Engineering: Removes or
Separates Hazard from Person
i.e.:
Local

Ventilation (Fume Hoods)

Chemical

Substitutions

Administrative:
Procedures that Limit
Contact with Hazard i.e.:
Job Rotation
School Staff Training
Good Housekeeping
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

(PPE)
PPE Should Be Considered Only
After ..and
.Have Been
Applied.

What is PPE?
oPersonal protective equipment, or PPE, is
designed to provide from
serious injuries or illnesses resulting from
contact with chemical, radiological,
physical, electrical, mechanical, or other
hazards.

Selection of PPE
oCareful selection and use of adequate PPE
should protect individuals involved in chemical
emergencies from hazards effecting the

..

SELECTION

OF

PPE

oNo
single combination of protective equipment

and clothing is capable of protecting against all

hazards. Thus PPE should be used in
conjunction with other protective methods,
including exposure control procedures and
equipment.

TYPES OF PPE
EYE & FACE PROTECTION
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
HEAD PROTECTION
FOOT PROTECTION
HAND & SKIN PROTECTION
HEARING PROTECTION

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MINIMUM LAB PPE REQUIREMENTS

.
..
Long

pants
Close-toed shoes
Chemical resistant gloves (when
working with hazardous substances)
Other PPE may also be required,
depending on the operation.

ROUTES OF EXPOSURE

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EYE & FACE PROTECTION

Required

to be worn in areas
where there is exposure to eye
and face hazards from flying
particles, molten metal, liquid
chemicals, acids, caustic liquids,
chemical gases or vapors or
potentially injurious light radiation

13

 Thousands

of people
are blinded each year
from work-related
injuries

With

eye or face
protection, injuries can
be prevented

One

incident is all it
takes
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TYPES OF EYE & FACE PROTECTION

Spectacles
Goggles
Face

Shields

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SAFETY GLASSES
wide

range of safety glasses are

available including scratch resistant,
ultra-light weight, anti-fog and wrap
around.
Frames made of metal or plastic have
impact-resistant lenses and side
shields are available on some models.
Glasses should be washed periodically
with soap and water.

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SAFETY GOGGLES
If

there is risk from chemical splashes then safety

goggles are recommended.
Goggles are tight-fitting, completely covering the eyes
and area immediately surrounding the eyes.
They can

Some goggles will fit over prescription glasses.

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FACE SHIELDS
transparent

sheets of plastic which cover the face and

protect against potential splashes or sprays of
hazardous liquids and dust. The head piece is
adjustable and should fit snugly.
T h e y a r e r e c o m m e n d e d w h e n t r a n s f e r r i n g
, such as liquid nitrogen or handling large
quantities of liquids (> 4L).
They do NOT provide adequate protection against high
impact
hazards,
in
which
case
..should also be used.
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RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
Required

to be worn in areas where

effective engineering controls are not
feasible to protect the health of the
employee from harmful dusts, fogs, fumes,
mists, gases, smokes, sprays or vapors

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LUNG DAMAGE
Inhalation of hazardous
materials damages
delicate structures of the
lung
Damaged lungs are
more susceptible to
respiratory disease
Most direct route to the
bloodstream

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TYPES OF RESPIRATORS
Air-purifying
Supplied-air

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HEAD PROTECTION
Required

to be worn in
areas where there is a
potential for injury to
the head from falling or
moving objects or when
exposed to electrical
conductors which could
be contacted by the
head
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HEAD PROTECTION
Injuries

to the head could involve: brain, eyes, nose,

mouth and ears
For this reason, head protection and safety are very
important

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24

HEAD PROTECTION

Limited protection by REDUCING the force of small

falling objects striking or penetrating the TOP of the
shell
Does not provide front, side or rear impact or
penetration protection
Inspect daily for signs of dents, cracks,
penetrations, and any damage due to impact, rough
treatment or wear
If fails inspection, remove from service

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FOOT PROTECTION
Required

when used in areas where there

is danger of foot injuries due to falling and
rolling objects, slip hazards or objects
piercing the sole, and where employees
are exposed to electrical hazards

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HAND & SKIN PROTECTION

Required

when in areas where hands

and body are exposed to skin
absorption of harmful substances,
severe cuts or lacerations, chemical or
thermal burns, etc.
Protection must be compatible with
hazard

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29

SELECTION OF
GLOVES/CLOTHING
Dependent

upon type of hazard

Check MSDS for guidelines for chemical hazards
Not every job requires gloves as they can become a
hazard
Allergies - Latex, powder
Clothing and jewelry can also become hazards

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GLOVE SELECTION
type

of chemicals handled
nature of contact (total immersion, splash, etc.)
duration of contact
Area requiring protection (hand only, forearm, arm)
grip requirements (dry, wet, oily)
Thermal protection
size and comfort
abrasion / puncture resistance requirements
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TABLE 1: COMMON GLOVES FOR THE

LABORATORY.

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CLOTHING
Long

sleeved, fully buttoned up lab coats or

wrap around gowns, which are easy to
remove, must be used in all laboratories
where lab work involves hazardous material.
Lab coats help prevent contamination of
regular clothes from.

A lab coat which is grossly contaminated with

hazardous material must be disposed of as
hazardous waste.
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HEARING PROTECTION
Exposure to excessive noise depends upon a number of
factors:
loudness of the noise, measured in ...
of exposure to the noise
movement between work areas with different noise levels
whether noise is generated from one or multiple sources
Generally,

the louder the noise, the shorter the exposure

time before hearing protection is required.
Noise is excessive where it exceeds the exposure
standard of 85dB, over an average of an eight hour period
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HEARING PROTECTION
Single-use

earplugs are generally made of foam

or silicone rubber plugs.
Pre-formed or moulded earplugs must be
individually fitted by a professional and can be
disposable or reusable. Reusable plugs should
be cleaned after each use.
Earmuffs require a perfect seal around the ear.
Glasses, facial hair, long hair or facial movements
such as chewing may reduce the protective value
of earmuffs.
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PPE MAINTENANCE
Always

inspect PPE for damage (tears,

holes, worn elastic, etc.) and contamination
prior to use.
If an item cannot be properly cleaned or
becomes damaged it should be
.
Reusable PPE should be immediately
cleaned after each use with the appropriate
cleanser (usually soap and water).

CONTAMINATION CONTROL
Disposable

items should only be used once

and replaced when contaminated.
Always assume PPE is contaminated: it is
worn to protect against hazardous
substances.
Remove PPE prior to exiting the lab to help
prevent the spread of contamination.
Be sure you know the proper methods for
putting on, taking off and fit-checking any
PPE worn.

4.2 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS

FUME HOOD, FIRE
EXTINGUISHER, SAFETY
SHOWER, EYE WASH, FIRST AID
KIT, FIRE ALARM, EXIT DOOR.
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SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
1) Fume Hood
A fume hood carries away vapors from reagents or
reactions.
Use of a fume hood correctly will reduce ones
personal exposure to potentially

Place equipment or reactions . This

will improve the efficiency of fume collection and
removal.
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SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
The

glass sash of the hood is a safety shield.

The sash will fall automatically to the
appropriate height for efficient operation and
should not be raised above this level, except to
move equipment in and out of the hood.

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SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
2) Eye Wash
In

the event of an eye injury or chemical splash, use the

eyewash immediately.
Help the injured person by holding their eyelids open
while rinsing.
..

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SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
3) Safety Shower
Use a safety shower in the event of a
chemical spill. Pull the overhead handle and
remove clothing that may be contaminated
with chemicals, to allow the skin to be rinsed.

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SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
4) Fire extinguisher

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EXTINGUISHER CLASSIFICATION
Letter classification given an extinguisher to designate the class or
classes of fire on which it will be effective.
Class A

ordinary combustibles (wood, cloth, paper)

Class B flammable liquids, gases, greases
Class C ..
Class D combustible metals

Ordinary

Combustibles

Flammable

Liquids

Electrical

Equipment

Combustible

D
Metals

Remove persons in immediate danger!

Alert others and Emergency Services
Contain fire and smoke (close doors)
Evacuate &/or extinguish

PULL

THE PIN

AIM

LOW at the base of the fire

SQUEEZE
the lever

SWEEP
from side to side (slowly)

SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
5) First Aid Kit
First Aid kits are available in the lab for minor
injuries like cuts or scrapes.

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SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
6) EXIT
Openings into an exit
must be limited.
Opening into an exit
must be protected by
a self-closing fire door
that remain closed or
automatically closes
in an emergency
upon the sounding of
an employee alarm
system.

THANK YOU

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