Test Report on Sub-Soil Investigation

Submitted To
Executive Engineer
PACCFED,
Nirman Prakhand- Bahraich (U.P.)

Project
Construction of Kasturba Balika Hostel Building
at Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidhyalaya Gilaula,
District- Shrawasti (U.P.)

Submitted By

R. K. ENTERPRISES
1/ 120, Vastu Khand,
Gomti Nagar, Lucknow- 10
Mobile No. - 9415114518, 9336177365

Soil Testing, Pile Foundation, Plate Load Test,

Pile Test, Survey work.
Email- rkenterprises234@gmail.com

1.0

INTRODUCTION:
The work of sub soil exploration at the proposed site for
the construction of Kasturba Balika Hostel Building at
Kasturba

Gandhi

Balika

Vidhyalaya

Gilaula,

District-

Shrawasti (U.P.) was awarded us as by the Executive Engineer

PACCFED, Nirman Prakhand- Bahraich (U.P.)
The Object of the sub surface investigation was to study
the

pertinent

physical

&

mechanical

properties

of

soil

underlying the site so that a safe & economical foundation may

be designed. The Geo-technical study involved both field and
laboratory test to determine safe allowable pressure for the
foundation soil. The fieldwork consisted of 4 bore holes of 10.00
meter depth each.
The boring points were decided in consultation with
Engineer-in-charge of the site.
These reports give the results of field test and laboratory
test made on soil samples taken from the field, as well as,
preliminary recommendation regarding minimum depth of

foundation, type of foundation and allowable bearing capacity of

the soil at the foundation level.
A location of the boreholes has been shown in site plan.
2.0 FIELD WORK:
2.1 BORE HOLES:
150 mm. Diameter boreholes were drilled by manual
operation in accordance with I.S. 1892-1979. During the boring
visual observations of strata were also recorded. All the
disturbed and undisturbed samples were brought to the
laboratory for testing.
2.2

UNDISTURBED SOIL SAMPLE:

Undisturbed soil sample were collected from bore holes at
regular intervals of 1.50 m. depth each by driving a thin edge
sample tube by means of drop weight of 63.5 Kg as per
I.S.2131-1986. The sample tubes containing soil sample were
waxed properly at both ends of tube, labeled and transported to
the laboratory carefully for testing.

2.3

DISTURBED SOIL SAMPLE :

Disturbed soil sample were also collected as per Indian
Standard at regular intervals up to boring depth as directed by
the Engineer.

2.4

STANDARD PENETARATION TEST :

Standard Penetration test was carried out as per I.S.
2131-1981 by using standard split spoon sampler which was
driven by means of a 63.5 Kg. Hammer falling freely from height
of 75 cm. and the number of blows for 30.0 cm. penetrations
were counted thus S.P.T. Values were determined.

3.0

LABORATORY WORK
Disturbed/ Undisturbed soil samples were examined in
the laboratory for the following tests as per relevant Indian
standard 2720.
1.

Sieve analysis

2.

Plasticity Index

3.

Particle size analysis

4.

Natural moisture content

5.

Original wet & dry density

6.

Specific gravity

7.

Shear strength characteristics

8.

Consolidation Characteristics

9.

Soil samples were classified as per I.S. code.

10.

Harmful salts via So4", Co3", HCo3', and CL' were

quantitatively examined.

4.0

EXPLANATION OF THE RESULT:

4.1

NATURE OF THE SOIL STRATA:

It is evident from bore log chart and laboratory test result.

The nature of soil strata is comprises CI group soil i.e. silty clay
of medium plasticity, CL group soil i.e. silty clay of low
plasticity and SM group soil i.e. silty sand per I.S. specification.

4.2

WATER TABLE:
Water table was met at about of 4.40 meter depth below
existing ground level at the time of sub-soil exploration since
March 2016.

5.0

BEARING CAPACITY OF THE FOUNDATION SOIL:

Para 5.1.2 of IS 6403-1981 lays down following formula
for the ultimate net bearing capacity on shear Considerations.
a)

In case of general Shear failure:

qd= 2/3C.Nc.Sc.Dc.ic+ 0 (N-1) sq.dq.iq + B.N.S.d.lW'

b)

In case of local Shear failure:

qd= CN'c.Sc.dc.ic + q ( N'q-1 ) Sq.dq.lq. + B.N.S.d.lW'

Where qd Ultimate net bearing capacity (Kg/cm2)
C

Cohesion of soil (kg/cm2)

Effective

overburden

pressure,

(Surcharge

allowing for submergence if any (Kg/Sq cm)

Nc.Nq.N

Non-dimensional bearing capacity factors for

general shear failure

Sc, Sq, Sr

Shape factors

Ic, iq, ir

Inclination factors

dc, dq, dr,

Depth factors

Bulk unit weight of soil (Kg. /Cm)

w'

Water table correction factor.

Net safe bearing capacity is calculated after dividing the

ultimate bearing capacity by suitable factor of safety.
6.

Settlement of Foundations:
The transmitted pressure on the foundation gives rise to
settlement and the total settlement should not exceed the
acceptable limit. It is therefore necessary that the settlement of
the foundation due to a given bearing pressure should be
known. The settlement of the footing may be assessed in
accordance with 8009-1981 (Part-1) as below.
Total settlement of foundation of cohesive soil:
SI

Si + Sc where.

SI

Final settlement.

Si

Immediate Settlement

Sc
(i)

Primary consolidation settlement.

Immediate Settlement
The immediate settlement beneath the centre of corner of
flexible loaded area is given by.

(ii)

p.B 1 2 I

Si

Poisson ratio = 0.5 for clay

Influence Factor

modules of elasticity of clay

Primary consolidation settlement

In accordance with clause 9.2.3.1 of the aforesaid I.S.
SC +

Soed, Where

A factor related to pore pressure per meter and the

ratio Ht/ B In absence of data regarding the pore
pressure per meter it may be sufficient to take the
value of = 1 for normally consolidated clays.

Sc

Soed =

x Soed
Settlement computed from one dimensional test
and is given by:

Soed =

Ht
1+eO

x Cc x log Po + P
Po

Cc

Compression Index

Ht

Effective thickness of clay layer

eo

Void ratio against Po

Po

Original intensity of pressure acting at mid height

of stratum

the increment pressure due to additional load

imposed though the footing at the mid height clay
strata.

Effect of Depth foundation

For the computation of settlement of foundation
founded at certain depth a correction factor shall be
applied to the calculated Sf in the from of a depth factor
to be read from Fig 12 of the aforesaid I .S. corrected
settlement = Sfd =Sf x depth factor.
7.0

BEARING CAPACITY FROM SHEAR CRITERIA

Bearing capacity is calculated at depth of foundation 1.20 &
1.50 meter for Isolated footing assuming 1.20 meter width of
foundation taking into account the soil properties of each bore
holes. However governing value of bearing capacity was found
form bore hole No.2 and the calculation for the same as
produced below:

7.1

ISOLATED FOOTING
1.

Depth of foundation (m)

1.20

2.

Width of foundation (m)

1.20

3.

Natural Density ( gm/cc)

1.79

4.

Submerged density (gm/cc)

5.

Cohesion C (Kg/cm2)

0.35

6.

Angel of Internal friction (Deg.)

60

7.

Void Ratio (e0)

0.68

As the value of void ratio e 0 is between 0.75 and

0.55

(i.e.

between

general

and

Local

shear/failure

consideration) therefore the values of bearing capacity

factors are to be based on interpolated values between
local and general shear failure on the basis of void ratio.
Shear Parameters

Nc

Nq

Nr

General Shear failure e0<=0.55

6.86

1.75

0.604

Local Shear failure > = 0.75

6.22

1.456

0.360

6.444

1.559

0.445

Interpolated value for e0= 0.68

8.

Effective surcharge q at base

0.215

1.00

3.00

level of foundation (Kg/ cm2)

9.
10.

Water table correction factor (w)

Factors
1. Factor of Safety

10

2. Depth Factor dc = 1.222, dq = 1.00,

dr = 1.00

3. Shape Factors Sc= 1.30, Sq =1.20,

Sr = 0.80

4. Inclination factor
11.

Ic = Iq = Ir = 1.00

Bearing Capacity:-

qc

1/3.0 [0.274 x 6.444 x 1.3 x 1.222 x 1 +

0.215 x (1.559 - 1) x 1.2 x 1 x 1 + 0.50 x 1.79
x 1.20 x 0.445 x 0.80 x 1 x 1 x 1/10.0]

7.2

1/3.0 [2.805 + 0.144 + 0.038] Kg/cm2

0.996 Kg/cm2

ISOLATED FOOTING
1.

Depth of foundation (m)

1.50

2.

Width of foundation (m)

1.20

3.

Natural Density ( gm/cc)

1.79

4.

Submerged density (gm/cc)

5.

Cohesion C (Kg/cm2)

0.35

6.

Angel of Internal friction (Deg.)

60

7.

Void Ratio (e0)

0.68

As the value of void ratio e 0 is between 0.75 and

0.55

(i.e.

between

general

and

Local

shear/failure

consideration) therefore the values of bearing capacity

11

factors are to be based on interpolated values between

local and general shear failure on the basis of void ratio.

Shear Parameters

Nc

Nq

Nr

General Shear failure e0<=0.55

6.86

1.75

0.604

Local Shear failure > = 0.75

6.22

1.456

0.360

6.444

1.559

0.445

Interpolated value for e0= 0.68

8.

Effective surcharge q at base

0.269

1.00

3.00

level of foundation (Kg/ cm2)

9.
10.

Water table correction factor (w)

Factors
1. Factor of Safety
2. Depth Factor dc = 1.278, dq = 1.00,

dr = 1.00

3. Shape Factors Sc= 1.30, Sq =1.20,

Sr = 0.80

4. Inclination factor
11.
qc

Ic = Iq = Ir = 1.00

Bearing Capacity:=

1/3.0 [0.274 x 6.444 x 1.3 x 1.278 x 1 +

0.269 x (1.559 - 1) x 1.2 x 1 x 1 + 0.50 x 1.79
x 1.20 x 0.445 x 0.80 x 1 x 1 x 1/10.0]

1/3.0 [2.933 + 0.180 + 0.038] Kg/cm2

1.050 Kg/cm2

12

8.0

BEARING CAPACITY FROM STTLEMENT CRITERIA

Estimation of settlement:
Bearing capacity from settlement consideration in the bearing
pressure, which restricts the settlement with in permissible
limits. Bearing capacity as obtained from the previous section is
tried first as the bearing pressure to compute the settlement of
foundation. If settlement thus obtained is excessive lower values
of bearing pressure are tried. The settlement calculation shown
below is corresponding to safe bearing pressure. The soil in the
effective zone below footing level of cohesive soil hence the
settlement of cohesive layer has been computed.
Soil parameters for settlement calculation from B.H- 2 are.

8.1

(A)

ISOLATED FOOTING
Taking Depth of Footing

1.20 meter

Width of footing

1.20 meter

Assumed Bearing pressure

0.870 Kg/cm2

Thickness of compressible layer Ht

1.20 m-3.60 m

Initial overburden at footing level

0.215 Kg/cm2

CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT (Sc) :

13

(B)

Initial over
po(Kg/cm ) burden at mid
height of layer

stressInfuence value for

Pressure Increment, p
Kg/cm2

Settlement (mm)

0.152

0.68

0.430

0.60

0.393

61.23

Void Ratioe0

1.20-3.60

Compression
Index Cc

Thickness of
layer (m)

Layer No.
1

Total Settlement (Sf) :Total settlement

61.23 mm

After applying correction factor for rigidity =

0.80

Correction factor for depth

1.00

Final Settlement

49.00 mm

The settlement is less than the permitted value as per IS: 19041986.
Therefore Allowable Bearing capacity
8.2

8.70 T/m2

ISOLATED FOOTING
Taking Depth of Footing

1.50 meter

Width of footing

1.20 meter

Assumed Bearing pressure

0.980 Kg/cm2

Thickness of compressible layer Ht

1.50 m-3.90 m

Initial overburden at footing level

0.269 Kg/cm2

14

(B)

Initial over
po(Kg/cm ) burden at mid
height of layer

stressInfuence value for

Pressure Increment, p
Kg/cm2

Settlement (mm)

0.152

0.68

0.483

0.60

0.427

59.71

Void Ratioe0

1.50-3.90

Compression
Index Cc

CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT (Sc) :

Thickness of
layer (m)

Layer No.

(A)

Total Settlement (Sf) :Total settlement

59.71 mm

After applying correction factor for rigidity =

0.80

Correction factor for depth

1.00

Final Settlement

47.80 mm

The settlement is less than the permitted value as per IS: 19041986.
Therefore Allowable Bearing capacity

9.80 T/m2

15

RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION:

PROJECT- Construction of Kasturba Balika Hostel Building at
Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidhyalaya Gilaula, DistrictShrawasti (U.P)

(1)

The strata in the effective zone below footing level is comprised

of CI group soil i.e. silty clay of medium plasticity.

(2)

The recommended value of allowable bearing capacity below

existing ground level is tabulated below.

S.L.

1
2
(3)

Depth of
Foundation
( in m)
1.20
1.50

Type of
footing
Isolated Footing
Isolated Footing

Width / size Bearing Capacity

of footing
Kg/Cm2
T/m2
( in m)
1.20
0.870
8.70
1.20
0.980
9.80

The CI group soil is found in the effective zone below footing

level. As such in this case following precaution should be taken.

(i)

Plinth beam, lintel beam and apron all around the structure
should be recommended.

(ii)

15.0 Cm thick sand filling below footing level and all around the
foundation should be provided.

(4)

Harmful salts are present within permissible limits.

HARMFUL SALTS IN SOIL

PROJECT- Construction of Kasturba Balika Hostel Building at

Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidhyalaya Gilaula, DistrictShrawasti (U.P)

B.H.

Depth in

Sulphate

Carbonates

Chlorides

Bicarbonates

No.
1
2
3

(meter)
0.0-1.00
0.0-1.00
0.0-1.00

(%)
0.0
0.0
0.0

(%)
0.0235
0.0230
0.0219

(%)
0.0650
0.0610
0.0675

(%)
0.1030
0.1015
0.1042

17