Faculty of Engineering Technology

Hoon Libya
(Fall 2015)

Mechanical Engineering Department

Mechanical vibration Labs
Dr. Mohamed-Ali REZGUI
Experiment N9

FORCED VIBRATION WITH VISCOUS DAMPING

OBJECTIVES
1- Calculus of dynamic magnifier
2- Plot the graph of dynamic magnifier vs frequency ratio
INTRODUCTION
Having established the effect of viscous damping on free vibrations in the previous experiment
(experiment 7), the effect on forced vibration is now analyzed. To assess the relative magnitude
of the forced vibration, use the concept of dynamic magnifier. This is the ratio of the
amplitude of the forced vibration to the deflection produced if the maximum value of the
disturbing force F is applied statically, under the same elastic restraint.
THEORY and FORMULA

Figure 1 Forced Vibration viscous damping mass spring system

Referring to the figure 1, the equation of angular motion (EoAM) is

+ 21 + 22 = 3 0
Which reduces to the standard form:

(1)

 + + =

(2)

where

21
=

22
=

3 0

(3)

sin( )

(4)

Only the steady-state motion is of interest i.e.:

( )2 + 2 2

where = phase angle lag is given by:

(5)

The Dynamic Magnifier is expressed as:

=
=
0
0
0

(6)

where 0 = angular displacement of the beam due to the force applied statically such

22

0 =

(7)

where 22 = the torsional stifness of the beam and F = the force applied statically.
It can be shown that:

=
(1 (

2
2

) +

(8)
2 2
)
2

Also it can be shown for light damping (c is sensibly small so a very small)

=
Let

1
2
1( )

(8)

(9)

() circular frequency of the forced vibration

() circular frequency of free undamped vibration
The Dynamic Magnifier is becomes:

1
1 2

(10)

Calculus of static deflection d=XB

Equilibrium in point A

2 = 3
=
where
= Spring force
= Motor force

=
Thales theorem

3
2

3
22

(11)
2

(12)

APPARATUS OF EXPERIMENT
The apparatus for this experiment is shown in Figure-2. It consists of a rectangular beam D6,
supported at one end by a pin pivoted in ball bearings which are located in a fixed housing. The
other end of the beam is supported by a spring of known stiffness bolted to the bracket C1 which
is attached to the upper frame. This bracket enables fine adjustment of the spring, thus raising
and lowering the end of the beam.
The DC motor (E11) rigidly bolts to the beam with additional masses placed on the platform
attached. Two out-of-balance disks on the output shaft of the belt-driven unit (D4) provide the
exciting force motion. The exciting frequency can be adjusted by means of the speed control unit.
The safety stop assembly (D5) limits the beam movement for safety reasons.

The chart recorder (D7) fits to the right-hand vertical member of the frame and provides the
means of obtaining a trace for the vibration. The recorder unit consists of a slowly rotating drum
driven by a synchronous motor, operated from auxiliary supply on the speed control unit.
A roll of recording paper is adjacent to the drum and is wound round the drum so that the paper is
driven at a constant speed. A felt-tipped pen fits to the free end of the beam; means are provided
so that the pen just touches the paper. By switching on the motor, we can obtain a trace showing
the oscillatory motion of the beam free end.
If the amplitude of vibration near to the resonance condition is too large, we can introduce extra
damping into the system by fitting the dashpot assembly (parts D2, D3 and D9) near to the
pivoted end of the beam.
The damper is introduced into the system by fitting the dashpot assembly (parts D2, D3 and D9)
in any point D between A and E (figure 1).

Figure-2 Apparatus for the Experiment Mechanical Vibration Laboratory

Experimental results
(I)
Excitor motor
speed
(rev/min)

600
700
800
900

(II)
Angular velocity
of disc
(rd/s)

(III)

(IV)
Amplitude
Xmax
(mm)

(V)
Phase angle
lag
()

(VI)
Static
deflection
XB (mm)

(VII)
Dynamic
magnifier
(Dm)

*********************
Calculus of static deflection d=XB

FM
A

FK

C
(t)

L3
L2
L

Equilibrium in point A

XC
+ x(t)