Sunteți pe pagina 1din 10

c 

   22 



 
 
 


ã  

Strategy Notes:
Rounter-Plan Text:
%  
%andate 2 End all Ethanol Subsidies
c : S 
a
  S 
j    V

  
  .
ã   c 
      
Rounter-Plan %utual Exclusivity/Non Topicality 
%  a    
V
ã
    
Rounter-Plan Rompetitiveness:!
2. Subsidies with mandates cause adverse interaction effects!
›. Quantity-based biofuel mandate is superior to a price-based consumption
subsidy!
÷. Benefits of a market-based policy like mandates can easily be eradicated if
mandates are used in conjunction with biofuel subsidies"
Æ. Subsidizing ethanol may increase emissions"
Ý. With mandates in place, the tax credits will unintentionally subsidize gasoline
consumption instead#
V. The unintended result of a tax credit switching to a gasoline subsidy in the
presence of a government mandate is easily explained#
M. The additional revenues from the tax credit and the price of ethanol fail to
exceed the opportunity cost of production for any additional ethanol$
Rounter-Plan Solvency:%
2. Ethanol is profitable in spite of subsidies%
›. Even without subsidies, ethanol production would be expanding at a significant
rate due to high gasoline prices and the improvements in ethanol production
technology in recent years%
%ore RP Rompetition (why Fossil fuels are bad&'
2 
&'
2. Health Rosts of Fossil Fuels&'
›. Largest portion is excess mortality&'


c 
   ›2 


Strategy Notes:
   
( 
     
    )   
 

*    
 + 
 

 
 
 ) 




   , -
 

  


  
 

)
     
. 
       
 
 /

)  (  
 
 0

1 
c2V
/*
 

    
   *
 /
)  
   
  

* 3
 
 



 
3
 
 

 

3 

 
 
 

 
   
3    
    
  0
415


46
4 
  
 


4 

1 
72*
 

  )8  +   *  

     


c 
   ÷2 


Rounter-Plan Text:
%  
 %andate 2 End all Ethanol Subsidies

c : S 

a
  S 

j    V

  
  .

ã   c 
      



c 
   Æ2 


Rounter-Plan %utual Exclusivity/Non Topicality


%  a   
,

  
       
      (

9 (        

  
     3

V
ã
   
c     
  
  )    
  : ;
3
3  #$$''!*/ 
/<


c 
   Ý2 


Rounter-Plan Rompetitiveness:
2. Subsidies with mandates cause adverse interaction effects
Harry de Gorter, David R. Just, 2 , 
       
 

             
 
             
 

   
  
                   
        !
  "   #  #  $!
%    
&   &     &        '()(

$**+,   *   *-'*)*. /&0


6*  
  
 

 )
 


   
 

  /
 


 
      
  

 )      +
     
  
 +

7    
   
  
 =
  

 -
 * 
>      
       
 

 

 

  

 =
 )

     



  

  
/     
 
  )  
   
 
  )
   
 

  
   
 
 
  
 
 
  ,*1)
   /
?


›. Quantity-based biofuel mandate is superior to a price-based consumption subsidy


Harry de Gorter, David R. Just, 2 , 
       
 

             
 
             
 

   
  
                   
        !
  "   #  #  $!
%    
&   &     &        '()(

$**+,   *   *-'*)*. /&0


61
   
         > 
 /
  
      /
  
   )
   

 
 

    
1
    
)
  

   

)      +  
 
  
 
 + 
       )  


1 
*  
  

      +)  

 S
   * ) 
 
  
 
 +
 
 +  
   
  

 

*  
 
  
    
 
 
 

 
 



    ?


c 
   V2 

÷. Benefits of a market-based policy like mandates can easily be eradicated if mandates
are used in conjunction with biofuel subsidies
Harry de Gorter, David R. Just, 2 , 
       
 

             
 
             
 

   
  
                   
        !
  "   #  #  $!
%    
&   &     &        '()(

$**+,   *   *-'*)*. /&0


6 ) 
    / 
 
  

   

8
 
    

-  


  
 
  +*   )  
 
   

 
  
  
    )
 

  

           
 )    

  
  
 ?

Æ. Subsidizing ethanol may increase emissions


Harry de Gorter, David R. Just, 2 , 
       
 

             
 
             
 

   
  
                   
        !
  "   #  #  $!
%    
&   &     &        '()(

$**+,   *   *-'*)*. /&0


6c +  
   
   ) 1 
   
   



  
 
 
 

  
    +  

   
 
 
 
@
 
 1 

    

    1
    

)    
   -
 
 
 
 
*   -
 
     A )

    
    
  
)1 

  
    +     > 
  
*      
  
S      
 +
 
+
  

    )     + 
    
  
 
 


/  


 1 
c   ) 
   + 
 
  
  
   
 +  ?


c 
   M2 

Ý. With mandates in place, the tax credits will unintentionally subsidize gasoline
consumption instead
Harry de Gorter, David R. Just, 2 , 
       
 

             
 
             
 

   
  
                   
        !
  "   #  #  $!
%    
&   &     &        '()(

$**+,   *   *-'*)*. /&0


6      
 
     +   

 

  
7 /    


 
 
 
 +
  

 ,
   8
A
S 
  


     "
 
'*+    

  
   
  
 

  
7   
 

)  +  



 -

  

 * 

  

 @  8   



)  
 

 





    *    


     

  
  

1/
   

   
 
    ?

V. The unintended result of a tax credit switching to a gasoline subsidy in the presence
of a government mandate is easily explained
Harry de Gorter, David R. Just, 2 , 
       
 

             
 
             
 

   
  
                   
        !
  "   #  #  $!
%    
&   &     &        '()(

$**+,   *   *-'*)*. /&0


6* 


    +    
 
 
  



 
 +

      
   

 

 
 
  
 +  * 
      
  


 )  
       
 


 
  
> 
 *  
 
     
  
 
 

 
   
) 
      
 
     V

  +  
  
  
  +  
 + 
 
 
   
  


)       

 


   
 
 
9
 )  


 

      
  ?


c 
   ë2 

M. The additional revenues from the tax credit and the price of ethanol fail to exceed
the opportunity cost of production for any additional ethanol
Harry de Gorter, David R. Just, 2 , 
       
 

             
 
             
 

   
  
                   
        !
  "   #  #  $!
%    
&   &     &        '()(

$**+,   *   *-'*)*. /&0


6*  
 
    +  
   
 + 

     
 
 
 
9
 )   

 
     
    
  +       


 ) 
 
   

    
 



 
    
 9
 )
  
    
   
  


     * )
     

 
  
    
   
 )

  

 

 
    
 
 7 )   
 

)
 

  
  

 
* )
 
 
  

 
 
* 
 

  

 
      


*  

  

  
  

 
+ +   

8   /
 

  
B 
 
  

 ?


c 
   w2 


Rounter-Plan Solvency:
2. Ethanol is profitable in spite of subsidies
Tom Elam, M!&  &     1
"  !   
 
#  &   2  2    3  !  /)4540 6 /)47(0 
/)47-0
    &   
2  !  8 +!9      
     &   1
 8  32  /)47'7.0: &
    $ 
&     :&  ;;":&  ;;"           
%    "%  <          / 
"      ,    2 0  

 "&   
32     3   '7'((7

$**   *   *&


 ='(   ='(&;6='(&>% &='(4'5(7/&0
6 

     
  
 S
    )  
    
    
       
 
  
 

  )
     9

) 
  
  )

   9  


    )
   )
 
    )
 
     
 

   
?

›. Even without subsidies, ethanol production would be expanding at a significant rate
due to high gasoline prices and the improvements in ethanol production technology
in recent years
Tom Elam, M!&  &     1
"  !   
 
#  &   2  2    3  !  /)4540 6 /)47(0 
/)47-0
    &   
2  !  8 +!9      
     &   1
 8  32  /)47'7.0: &
    $ 
&     :&  ;;":&  ;;"           
%    "%  <          / 
"      ,    2 0  

 "&   
32     3   '7'((7

$**   *   *&


 ='(   ='(&;6='(&>% &='(4'5(7/&0
6*  

   &%%'
  
+ , 
 

 C&'' 
)
 

   
 
  ) 
     
  
  
   * 
 
   


  &%%'
      
    7 C#!D  
C''D 

 
 
 
 
 
  *  
/
 
    C 
     
 9    
   
   
 
 
 E   
           

 2 
   
  
   S  
      

   ) 

   
 +

 

      
 
 
   

 
   
 

 
 ?


c 
   2 2 


%ore RP Rompetition (why Fossil fuels are bad


 2 

2. Health Rosts of Fossil Fuels
6!! &<;<;: :  9  " %  #     1?3! 
@ )4'((4
$**   *'((4*)(*'(*  *
*'( 
/&0
67

   S
    C&'
 
   )  
   
        
) V 
c  

 
  F
*      > 
)
 
   )    
 *         

 
   
   /   

  ?

›. Largest portion is excess mortality
6!! &<;<;: :  9  " %  #     1?3! 
@ )4'((4
$**   *'((4*)(*'(*  *
*'( 
/&0
66*    
 +   B
  
       
  
   

 )?6 ; 
) 


F
S
  
   )     V ')'''
          ) 
   (  )   
 C" 

  
'''*  

    )  
 
 =
 
+)  
   =
  +)   
 
?

S-ar putea să vă placă și