AN

ACCOUNT
OF

MANNEES

THE

OP

MODERN
WRITTEN

PARTLY

DURING

OORBESFOKDKirr

07
**

INSTirUTB

THS

THB

THOUSAND

THE

ADDITIONS

AND

ONK

COUNTRY

-28.

ETC., TRANSLATOR

OF

NIGHTS."

AUTHOR

BT

THAT

FROM

HIS

CiOPY

ANNOTATED

NEPHEW,

VOLUMES."

POOLE,

Vol.

II.

LONDON:

JOHN

MUERAY,

ALBEMARLE
1871.

-35,

EDITION,

STANLEY

TWO

TO

AND

LANE,

IMPROVEMENTS,
THE

EDITED

EDWARD

VISIT
AND

FRANCE,

OF
AND

FIFTH

BY

IN

FORMER

1833, -34,

WILLIAM

EDWARD

By

NUMEROUS

YEARS

1825, -26, -27,

TEARS

THE

WITH

THE

DURING

MADE

NOTES

THE

EGYPTIANS,

EGYPT

IN

FROM

CUSTOMS

AND

STREET.

IN

LO"TX)N

PBIXTED

BY

\S1,

STAMFORD

CLOWES

MA3I

STUEEl

'

AN1"

".

CUARIN'G

AND

CB08S.

8058,

1uMuxaM^/^0^"J^"^^o^

OF

CONTENTS

CHAPTER

VOL.

11.

XIV.
PACE

Industry

,^

..........

CHAPTER
Use of

The

XV.

Tobacco,Coffee,
Hemp, Opium, "c.
CHAPTER

30
.....

XVI.
36

Bath

CHAPTER

XVII.

Games

46
...........

CHAPTER
Music

57
......,.,.,

CHAPTER
Public Dancers

XIX.
86

......,..,

CHAPTER
and
Serpent-Charmers,

XX.

Performers of LegerdemainTricks,"c.

CHAPTER
Public

XVIII.

Recitations of Romances

93

XXL

.......

225110

103

CONTENTS.

IV

CHAPTER

XXII.
PAGE

Pnblic

Recitations

of Romances

continued

"

.114

CHAPTER

Public

Recitations

of Romances

Muslim

year.)

Public

of

(Those

first three

the

months

of

the
145

Festivals, "c.
of the

XXV.

Muslim

Festivals, "c"

(Those

continued,

"

Year.)

of

the

fourth

and

.183
.

XXVI.

(Those

-continued,

CHAPTER
Private

XXIV.

CHAPTER
Public

...".."..

following months

Periodical

.131

CHAPTER
Periodical

"

continued

"

Festivals, "c.

Public

XXm.

CHAPTER
Periodical

"

of the

Solar

year.)

222
.

XXVII.

Festivities,"c

237

CHAPTER

Death,

and

Funeral

XXVIII.

Rites

251

SUPPLEMENT.
I."

The

II."
III.

Copts

The
"

^Of late

273
....

of

Jews

Egypt

303

Innovations

in

Egypt

308

,;.....

APPENDIX
Female

A.

Ornaments
,

.312

"

"

APPENDIX

figyptjan Measures, Weights,

and

Moneys

APPENDIX
Household

Expenditure

in Cairo

R
325

C.
328

CONTENTS.

APPENDIX

D.
PAGE

Prayer

of

Muslim

School-Boys

329
.......

APPENDIX

Directions

for

Treatment

the

of

Dysentery

E.

Ophthalmia

and

330
.

APPENDIX

Editor's

F.

331

Notes
.

'.

Index
.

358

ILLUSTRATIONS

VOL.

OF

II.

PAGB

62.

Shops

in

Street

10

Cairo

of

.......

63.

of

Shop

Turkish

Merchant

the

in

called

Sook

Kh4n

"1-Ehaleelee

12
.

17

64.

Sakkis

65.

Sakki

66.

Hemalees

18

Sharbeh

19
..........

67.

*Erk-soosee

21

68.

Musellikatee

22

69.

The

25

70.

Plan

71.

Section

72.

Foot-rasps

42

73.

Mankalah

47

74.

Seegi

53

75.

Kemengeh

Shidoof
of

Bath

39
^

of

Hararah

the

40
........

62
..........

Performer

76.

77.

Kanoon

78.

on

the

Kemengeh

63
.......

65

Performer

on

Kanoon

the

66
.......

79.

'Ood

67
.

Performer

80.

on

the

on

the

'Ood

81.

Nay

82.

83.

Rabab

84.

Sagat

73

85.

Tar

i6.

86.

Darabukkeh

68
69

Performer

Nay

i6,
........

esh-Sha'er

71

16.
..........

87

and

88.

Earthen

89

and

90.

Zummarah

Darabukkeh

tb,
.

91.

Mouth-piece

75

of

the

s6.

Zummarah
.......

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Vlll

PAGE

92.

75

Arghool
.........

93.

(Ghawazee,

Dancing-Girls

88

Ghazeeyehs)

or

....

Sh"'er,

94.

with

95.

Whirling

96.

The

Mahmal

97.

The

Ddseh

his

and

Violist,

accompanying

part

of

Audience

his

106
153

Darweesh

161
178
.

98.

Funeral-Procession

99.

Bier

256

for

used
of

the

Tomb,

100.

Sketch

101.

Turban

of

the

102.

Turban

of

103.

Diamond

104.

Gold

of

conveyance
with

Coptic

Coptic

the

the

Corpse

Entrance

Patriarch

of

uncovered

Female

or

Boy

260
267

278

Bishops

and

279

Priest

313

Kurs

ib.

Kurs
.

315

105.

Kussah

106.

*Enebehs

"

107

and

"

"

t6.
316

Kamarahs

108.

'

109.

ib,

Sakiyeh
.

110.

111
113.
114.

*Ood
and

ib.

es-Saleeb

ib.

Mishts

112.

'Akeek

ib.

Beiloor

ib.

115.

Ear-rings

317

116.

Necklaces

318

117.

Bracelets

320

118.

119,

122.

Mdsoorah

ib.

123.

Habbeh

ib.

124.

Shiftisheh

and

120,

121.

ib.

Barl

ib.

125.

Anklets

321

126.

Hegabs

322

127.

Nose-rings

323

128.

Tok,

or

Neck-ring

324

129.

Part

of

the

130.

Ornament

Interior
from

the

of

Tumulus

Interior

of

at

Tomb

344

Kertch
at

Cairo

345

EGYPTIANS,

MODEEN

THE

XIV.

CHAPTER

INDUSTRY.

ERRATA.

Vol.

II., ^.

"

"

""

"

"

which

"

"

"

"

"

""

7, for

"

345,

"

for
of

rulers,

during

uncertain
intent

of

portion
JI.

Sultan's

note,

line

2, /or

H"im

348,

line

22, for El-Makreeze^s

349,

line

25, /or

as

Nature

is

lavish

as

government

of

increasing
nation

his

power,

his
has

own

her

favours

valley

of

the

to

enjoy

ceased
of

time,

wealth;

gradually

of

furniture

of

has

chairs

and

couches

each

of

EUMa^reezee's,

El-Kuda'ee.

read

have
:

lapse

Ketbughi.
read

the

of

they

Hikim.

the

for

long

read

on

models

Sultans.

read

El-Kuda*ee

inhabitants

this

the

Ketbugha

reclined

Fuseyfisi.

read

26, for

steady

tenure

upon

5, for

centuries,

benefit

read

347,

the

many

Fuseyfisa

line

and

Ramadan.

read

note,

fabric,

to

Rammadan

line

served

old

pf

VOL.

line

saloons.

but,

337,

"

"

have

modem
was

10, /or

"

delicate

most

line

"

"

"

335,

their

as

the

wholly

thus,

perished,

the

successive

almost
and

she

Kile;

considering

been

our

and
B

large
the

THE

in

remnant,

MODERN

The

afflictingpoverty.
Egypt

being

cultivation

inundation,
number
in

this

are

wealth
but

is

Turkish

skill.

Seleem,

so

be

Painting
of

in

pursued

that

the

lions, camels,
in

and

years

of

age

of

case

moral

be

surpassed

in

own

country.

our

is architecture.

environs

buildings
many

of

some

and

the

able

to

in

the

only

remarkable

But

Near

the

Egyptian

for

of

the

beginning

of

of his

History.

six

every

man

he

may,

those

and

religious and
excel

most

Arabian

and

attract

or

religion

that

metropolis

grandeur

their

five

Muslim

his

shop-

though

himself

mosques

their

few

Egyptians

specimens

the

of men,

by which

all

the

private dwellings, also,

*

of

"c.

support

which

however,

are,

by children

fulfil

to

absolutely

flowers, boats, "c., particularly

occupation

or

finest
in

not

art

and

art

found

are

be

The

are

ceased

representation

delineation

industry, by requiring

him,
The

the

decoration

would

upon

duties.

Elnot

were

stated,

pilgrims' houses,

of

necessity,

dependent

took

by

arts

there

attempt

call) the

they

especially promotes
be acquainted with
in

related

the

already

animals,

other

doors

performances

the

Egypt,

which

to

of El-Islam

who

Egypt

(what

the

fronts,

has,

arts

fiftymanual

applied

have

are,

religion

in

Muslims

some

display

cause:

of

crafts

than

sculpture, as

living objects,
by

of

more

manual

as

of

Egypt.

and

prohibited

country,

own

there

as

general

conquest

the

persons

another

by

his

masters

many

practised in Turkey,
to

his

to

state

after

the

of

and

few

in

works

natural

manufactures
;

present,

of

the

means,

to

small

for

the

to

artificial

occasioned

been

thence

Gabartee,^

low

the

at

most

population

subject

very

their

them,

degree,

him

is

themselves

devote

But

Sultan

with

sufficient

comparatively

encourage

^reat

is

competitors, and,

to

little

in

who

persons

few

than
as

XIV.

the

the

soil

of the

of

state

of

easily irrigated by

country

so

to

portion

greater

much

as

or

of

male

scarcely

of

reduced

been

general,

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

other

tecture
archiand

its

public

and

beauty, but

our

admiration,

Chap.

,'

XIV.

their

especially by
this
this

interior

country

Turks,

partly Oriental

plain

and

older

style, which

considerable
the

rather

clumsy,

chief

occupation

windows,

were

The

In

work.

the

country

in

before

rude

for

kind

cooling,

it

:
as

as

of

morocco

and

variety

seats,

utensils.

of

the

branches

of the

Egypt.

The

of

manufactures
frames

also
are

of

for

that
made

most

are

its fine

the
linen

celebrity which
:

the

linen

and

it

art

but

for

the

stil]

are

years

ago,

of

generally
and

former,
"c,

of

at

cotton

of the

much

in

and

they

in

woollen

make

latter,

many

other

ropes

ancient

the

of

the

used

in

instead

of rushes.
in

the

celeb'rated.

foot

used

made

enjoyed

the

jars, for

skill

justly

grow

carpets, particularly in summer,)

lost

is

of

diminished

fly-whisks, and

are

has

so

the

few

their

the

beds,

(which

mats

was

lost

they

bottles

are

to. his

palm-tree they employ

brooms,

fibres

For

they

the

have

pottery

water.

glass.

inhabitants

were

porous

of

of

sits

of architecture

of

whose

Egypt

material

Their

leather,
leaves

which

windows

they

as

consists

palm-tree

best

this

style

new

work.

panniers, mats,
Of

much

keeping,

chests,

coops,

baskets,

their

mostly

branches

great

so

of

well

preparation
The

not

adoption

demand

of

are

employment

Egypt,

they

most

generally

made

modern

for

glass

windows

though

skill

little

coloured

of

the

times, the

but

often

for

glass-making,

display

was

less

in

the

lattice-work

work

are

artisans

other

in

of wood,

have

houses

ancient

manufacturing

admired,

the

of

art

their

they

doors,

them

of

the

very

too, do

so,

turners

the

The

many

making
and

modem

possess

construction

of

present:

most

celebrated

this
of

of

like

turner,

much

is at

windows

as

now,

it

of

buildings

and

The

numerous,

very

than

neater

that

was

and

described,

though

ill finished.

or

kind

peculiar

the

been

already

manufactures

Egyptian

of

pavements,

in

from

derived

partly European,

have

taste, of

architecture,

Yet

others

most

generally preferred.

description, being

ceilings, windows,

of

and

decorations.

declined, like

of

style

new

and

structure

much

has, of late years,

art

INDUSTRY.

of

Egypt
times

cloths,

for
and

silks

the
or

in this

woven

now

have

Egyptians

fowls*

the

which

in

Egypt

is

process

maamal

farroog :" in the

a

more

than

half

all,

not

The

bricks
cells

each

vaulted
Each

five

for

large enough

(for the

its vaulted

the

mentioned,

and

composed

of

three
the

of the

small

spring

country.

into

for

newly

during

two

earliest

in

Each

maamal

to

the

of

the

the

number

attendant,

or

the

three

The

general

in

straw,

before

mixed

with

flat

southern
contains

cakes,)
The

above.
it

are

two

or

fuel, and

operation
in

three

fuel

the

and

its

only

of

round,

months

most

municate
com-

or

(a

Before

apertures in

mats

closed.

aperture

opened

upon

of

height.

row,

such

fire-cells

the

hatched.

in

is

"gelleh"
form

it

an

dijng of animals,

is well

maamal

when

chickens

the

floors

chambers,

only
the

the

upon

usually

above

aperture

which

placed

feet

in

same

an

several

burning

made

has

eight

its fibre-cell by

with

smoke),

are

eggs

another,

and

less

by

ovens

passage;

long,

passage

each

sun-

or

vaulted

having

; and

too, has

passage,
The

and

the

of

ovens;

chopped straw,
placed

other

above

the

enter

burnt

rather

or

the

to

of small

fire-cells,also, of the

escape

the

tiers, in

entrance

the

roof.

tier

one

to

man

each

occasionally :

is

aperture
with

vault

size,
with

of

and

latter,

the

tax

pay

feet

ten

are

superintendents,

narrow,

high,

same

communicates

oven

el-

there

in

parallelrows

or

feet

six

fire-cell,of the

similar

by
nine

about
or

the

proprietors

of two

maamal

"

and

of

Egypt,

Lower

country,

is constructed

consists

being

and

wide,

The

fire, divided

for

oven

Most

maamal

and

the

of

in

building

Egypt,

establishments

number.

Copts.

are

government.
dried

such

that

Upper

been

have

to

The

times.

division

former

practice, though

This

is called, in

in

and,

hundred

than

and

coarse

ing
of hatch-

art

authors, appears

performed

el-firdkh,"

more

heat.

remote

very

for the

famous

been

long

by ancient

described

in

common

and

of

generally

are

XIV.

Chap.

"

country,

artificial

by

eggs

obscurely

if

EGYPTIANS.

qualities.

poor

The

"

MODERN

THE

the

is

year,

formed
per-

in
the

parts

of

from

twelve

XIV.

Chap.

to

twenty-four

thousand
open

The

In

of the

ten

days,

On

the

and

fires

in

below

the

in

of

the

floor

the

former

is

his

from

knows,

like

instrument,

any

twentieth

the
but

day,

most,

period

is

as

the

day

they

whom

and

hatched,
which

the

anterior

before

they

due.

When

the

the

former

second

placed,

were

the

second

supply

is

hatched,

place.

not

.found

manner

are

to

and
to

In

their

one

inferior

produced

those

size

third

eggs

and
of

in

supply

in

point

of

the

egg

from

Egypt

flavour, very
the

that

Egyptian

are,

in

in

put

guished.
extinprocess

The
his

the

to

half

hatched,
are

the

or

they

have

cases,

those

and
in

to

been

in

ovens

vacant,

now

the

when
in

in

produced
in

rest,

persons

the

other

its
this

respects,
The

by incubation.

to

same

where
the

The

introduced

fowls

in both

the

manner,

is

flavour,

On

hatched

placed

which
like

him.

are

passage

first

the

that

incubation.

given

in

youth,

having

is, after

natural

and

newspapers

the

on

the

guide

to

eggs

inferior

of

temperature

that

fourth

the

some

been

from

art

first

are

and

have

are

in

placed

apartments,

supply

receive

have

of

two

or

are

case

placed

the

of

this
exact

eggs

day

are

others

operation, without

first

in the

chickens

innermost

remain

twenty-

required

of the

weaker

in

the

on

of the

some

fires

thermometer,

our

these.

placed

and

first

thermometer.

the

of the

success

for the

during

to

long experience,

received.

and

eggs

maintained

accustomed

been

the

for

required

the

Fahrenheit's

of

103*^

to

has

following day,

where

heat

usually

used

put out,
fresh

fail.

dant
atten-

fire-cells above

removed,

are

above,

general

having

manager,

ovens

he

are

are

the

On

afterwards

ovens

in the

fires

last.

fire-cells

100^

from

of

fire-cells,and

other

The
is

number

the

eggs,:

that

eggs

lighted only

these

eggs

two

day, these

the

and

continuing

generally

the

supply

fifty

and

its

of

number

them,

every

the

are

eleventh

lighted
ovens

for
half

general, only

of which

examines

hundred

period

neighbourhood

chicken

one

about

annual

third

maamal

the

of

the

during
or

receives

and

quarter

one

peasants

gives

ovens

eggs

CHICKEN-OVENS.

with
our

published by

fowls

respect
country.
order

of

the

3rd

the

March,

of

statement

for

(No. 248,

government

of

1831,

the

18th

our

era,)

of

Eamaddn,

the

in

present year

of eggs

Number

spoiled

Number

hatched

the

Though

Good

in

of

Suez

straight

declined

much

his

and
last

since

India

to

the

by the

monopolies
it

successors,

few

years

it has

vessels

steam-

and

France,

of

is

been

plying
and

Austria,

by the establishment

from

Europe

railways

and

for
and

and

French,)

glass (mostly

from

mouth-pieces
and

brass

Minor,

carpets

(among

prayer-carpets), figs,"c.
'abtyehs (or
spices,several
"c.) :-^from
countries,
of

woollen

which,
from

"

cloaks),

drugs, Indian
Abyssinia

and

and

liqueurs ;
of

made

seggddehs,

goods,
from

"

small

or

Syria, tobacco, striped silks,

soap

"

Arabia,

from

coffee,

goods (as shawls,

silks, muslin,

Senndr

neighbouring

and

the

slaves, gold, ivory, ostrich-feathers, kurbdgs

hippopotamus*

and

napkins,

Constantinople
the

of

kinds

many

and

variety

"c.,

articles

Germany),

those

of

Nubians,

various

"c., from

wares,

the

handkerchiefs

pipes, slippers,and

crape,

Venice), fire-arms,

for

beads, wine

slaves, silks, embroidered

of

figured muslin

imitation

in

and

coffee-cups

planks, metal,

cloths,

turbans), silks, velvet,

(from Germany)

clocks,

woollen

are

calico, plain muslin,

English,

sword-blades

hardwares,

whips

the

England,

India, and

2,529,660
4,349,240

writing-paper (chieflyfrom

earthenware

Asia

and

6,255,867

of

numerous

manufacture,

watches

copper

6,878,900

13,069,733

Europe

*Alee

the

France),

Kashmeef,

white

consequence

during

by

(Scotch,

shawls

from

in

Egypt.

Egypt.

(of Scotch

of

and

and

(chiefly from

of

and

principal imports

The

has

Egypt

Mohammad

Alexandria

Lower

passage

Hope,

improved

between

of

the

still considerable

between

Upper

19,325,600

of

exactions

much

Egypt

of fowls'^i

hatching

commerce

discovery
of

for the

used

Number

and

following

"

eggs

Cape

or

of establishments

the

1246,

the

find

Lower

Number

XIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODEEN

THE

hide),

tamarind

in

cakes,

(or

gums,

XIV.

Chap.

senna

COMMEKCE.

from

"

Africa,

El-Gharb,

from

her^ms
and

(or

bumooses
white

The

beans,

ivory, ostrich-feathers
black

and

"c.

com:

woollen

notion

some

articles

common

the

I insert

years,

of travellers

years

ago,

the

become

far

more

most

kinds

fowls,
;

Rice,

wheat

the

Wheat,

the

Mutton

ardebb

ardebb,
or

and

lamb,

and

Pigeons,

the

1 P.

Eggs,
Fresh

butter, the

Clarified

10

pair, 1

three

rati

F. to
P.

10

F. to

butter,

rati
do.

2 P. to

do.

6 P. to

tobacco, the ukkah,

do.

do.

15

the

of

and

Syrian
other

ments,
orna-

arms,
before, fire-

P. to

5 P. to

to

than

about

in the

the

50

P. to

certain

India,

and
a

were

kind
and

to

few

have

villages,

metropolis

prices

one-third

in

visit.

every
towns

country

Cairo,

second

they

of

half

in

prices of
my

than

bushels),from

for

Coffee,
Gebelee

five

about

from

do.

Fowls, each,

Sooree

bread,

about

Beef,

countries,

money

highway

cheaper

about
the

"

and

during
a

the

are

pigeons,

(or

list

commodities
In

provisions

of

numerous

of

prices

greatly increased.)

meat,,

beads

value

following

very

of

the

of

again

resort

few

Arabia,

to

mentioned

food, "c., made

of

has

(Since Egypt

goods,
carpets,

sinian
Abys-

writing-paper.

wares,

convey

female

and

neighbouring

sword-blades

straight

the

copper

late

and

senna,

eunuchs), rice, coffee,

few

the

and

striped silks, small

soap,

spices,gums,

male

rice,

maize,

Syria, slaves, rice, "c.

Senndr

linen

Egyptian

To

(including

to

"

night-coverings

wheat,

are

Turkey,

to

"

to

"

and

cotton

Europe

to

slaves

spices, henna,
chiefly

for

flax, indigo, coffee, various

cotton,

cloaks),

hooded

shoes.

morocco

principal exports

used

cloth

red

(or

woollen

sheets,

woollen

is, northern

(that

tarbooshes

white

(or

dress),yellow

for

West

westwards),

Egypt

skull-caps),

the

or

here
half.

tioned
men-

MODEBN

THE

Egyptian loaf-sugar, the

European

do.

rati
.

do.

Summer

grapes

do.

Later

do.

do.

Fine

biscuit,the
the

Water,

(or goat'sskin), 10

the

donkey-load

Charcoal,

the

ukkah,

the

ukkah

do.

wax

do.
"

The

"

The

"

full account

There

rati

"

is about
"

kantar
of

consists

them

Above

magazines

these

and

oblong

or

square

vaulted

of

court

in

or,

the

in

and

of these

place

wekdlehs,

many

lodgings,

these

general, a

wekdleh

which

of

work,

has

have

with

the

the
of

row

Dar

"

Wekaleh

only

night,
of

and

sides

of the

other

from
court

by

intended

porter.
in

;
as

In

the

door
There

(^airo;

that

within

magazines

magazines.

buildings

are

face

shops.

as

entered

entrance

kept

these

and

part which

in the

Introduction

to

great thoroughfare-streets of Cairo

shops

each

along

side,

So, too,

portion

(generally pronounced

el- Wekaleh,"

which
used

as

common

mentioned,

superstructures.

"

used

one

ground-floor

apartments

are

number

been

Commonly,
*

have

building

are

are

and

original city.

already

that

at

that

of
the

constituted
It

has

hundred

two

three-fourths

which

apartments

is closed

about

are

Its

four

there

lodgings,

is

sometimes

of the

each

Appendix.

merchants,

merchandise,

are

For

wekdlehs,"*

"

wekdleh

generally lodgings, which

are

gallery extending along

called

court.

for

magazines

the

see

of

The

F.j Faddahs.

moneys,

buildings
goods.

dupois.
nearly 2f lbs., avoir-

Piasters

accommodation

reception of their

surrounding

"

the

"

ukkah

and

weights,

numerous

for

"

P. denotes

ratls.

100

the

oz., and

15f

measures,

in Cairo

are

the

the

is

Egyptian

chiefly designed
for

F. to

rati

candles, the

Note

20

F. to

....

Tallow
Best

F. to

20

kantar

kirbeh

Firewood,
Soap,

EaTFTUNS.

signifyinga factory.

of

by

the

street,
Franks

generally

communicating

not

have

this

of

many
or

whole

the

streets.
by-

street,

occaleh^ occaly "c.,) is for

hoM

in

StTMt

"""ettir,"who
theetiiitleiit

of

CKii"."

Mils

drum,

The

principal
wrftjmeB,

"ViiFetli)|.''

See

object
w"i

ChipteriL

In

thia

cradles,

Tie*
4c,

la
The

the

ihop ot
imcripiion

Chap.

XIV.

the

shutters

above

upon

the

mastabah,

way

within

his

who

mount

upon

draw

BUYING

customer,

he

make

to

the

be

with

own

makes

who

sends

or

him

the

to

manner

in

as

of

Not

upon

the
is

feet broad

six

feet

enough

The

mastabah

in

leaves

he

either

mastabah

his

shop

relies

for

shop.

the

shutters, except
he

when

of that

noon-prayers
have

or

declares

two-thirds

is,of
and
than

is

course,

then
before

the

thus

more

three

in

the

the

or

five

afford

Eastern^
the

upon

half

hangs

to

close
to

Friday,

to

When

hour,

an

the

before

net

and
his

lock

house,

join in the
the

above

or

room

street.

returns

the

tiresome

modes

shops

of

price
he

the
in

expects

and

they usually

turn,
go

on

his

to

When

bids
until

about

offers

lowers

goods,

receive

thus

price

the

shopkeeper

his

of

any

to

processes

bargaining.

of

first-named

customer,

be

veniently
con-

property upon

or

he

price exorbitant,
but

it
are

for about

very

than

sum

rejected

such

more

of the

the

here

the

asked

within

Introduction.

are

to

demands

generally
customer

the

same

sit

prayers

apartments

"

unaccustomed

shopkeeper

on

da}'. The

selling

and

Buying

in

or

when

mosque,

in

described

been

persons

the

to

goes

his

it necessary

night,

at

the

can

some

calls

desires

placed

these

says

opposite,

thinks

seldom

he

they belong,

passengers

those

have

and

in

sitting

minutes,

former

unless

protection of his

or

his

or

He

few

the

for

which

to

more,

of the

the

cups

but

the

purchase,

persons

they

regular

shop,

shop,

generally

sight

To

served

consequently
or

shopman

shopkeepers,

next

and

is

case

shops

persons,

the

coffee

of

before

lighted), and

two

the

the

and

four

and

china

than

more

width

for

filled

small

in

shoes

pipe (unless

little

customers,

more

considerable

nearest

commonly

in

fashion.

he

house,

or

carpet.

or

coffee, which

brass.

four

be

retire

to

their

off

any

the

of

some

the

than

spacious

it

and

boy

bring

to

cups

him,

for two

mat

shopkeeper generally presents

his

obliged

room

the

upon

sits

shopkeeper generally

seat, taking

feet

one

or

The

unless

11

SELLING.

described.

shop

their

up

AND

he
the

half

bidden

his demand

somewhat

they

higher
meet

about

Chap.

XIV.

half-

BUYING

and

offered,

blamed

for

cent,, and

per

but

he

him,
he

his

at

mounts

lasts

if the

the

other

the

or

had

one

from

f eceives,

of

many

days,

delldls

have

or

once
"

The

ijie

dellals

week.

They

the

carry
with

gesture:

imagine
and

that

the

asks

it

"Receive
As

the

Ephron

the

cave

and

said

with

the

as

did
field
view

price
a

to

when

Machpelah.

avoiding

the

this

it

latter

(See

Genesis
an

announcing
hardj," "fec.
trifling

most

often

they

evil

xxiii.
eye.

of voice
would

quarrelling,

were

when

say,

have

his wish

11.)

It

for sale,

having

expressed

by

classes.

language

answer

the

effect of

who
or

of vehemence

which

anything

by

"

the

peasants will

present:"^

Abraham,

of
of

of

"

or

of

in

parties engaged
The

stated

on

these

down,

their

of

ignorant

person

highly enraged.

person

money,

manner,

"

harag

great deal

this

and

bargain

and

conducted

are

the

to demand.

held

are

in

are

"

of

not

of both

up

of

cries

with

made

sell

to

goods

orders,

demand

by private persons

purchasers

the

and

either

wish

they

versation,
con-

generally

present

scruples

"

is often

nature

he

twice

that

of

again

servant

small

auctions

lower

the

Among

tradesman,

Cairo

bidden

sums

leave, his

in

and
;

shopkeepers
"

his

taken

(or brokers), hired

anything

even

bargain being concluded,

sooks

the

or

his

then

contest

topic

abate

higher

no

self
him-

interrupts

customer,

to

given spontaneously,

if not

which,

the

the

the

hour

an

cation
alter-

long

then

determined

The

purchaser having

shop, seats

irrelevant

bid

exactly

of the

half

or

that

one

any

for

some

to

make

mind

often

shopkeeper,

is continued.

haggling

"

the

mastabah

many

profitof

would

lights his pipe, and

and

that

the article

his

up

bargaining by introducing
further,

In

fills and

commences,

as

no

the

upon

Sometimes

more.

makes

for

person

found

that

travellers, unjustly

article

first

I believe

ascertained

an

When

generally

ease,

words

the

sell

triflingpurchase, having

suits

of

will

less.

even

But

I have

that

and

by European

are,

shopkeeper

demanded

is concluded.

bargain

acting, since

thus

13

SELLING.

first

sum

tradesmen

Egyptian

an

the

so

of the

most

the

between

way

AND

become
to

is

purchase

commonly

14

THE

it; and

of

taken

be

not

will

price, they

do

know

when
but

so;

XIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

speech, they

of

form

common

MODERN

that

desired

again

generally

will

advantage

name

to
a

the

name

that

sum

is

exorbitant.
be

It would
the

trades

those

(" sAigh"), who

tailor

the

("reffi");

the

and

druggist

fakihdnee

sells

the

") ;

farrdn

that
for

persons

eat

provisions

in their

dinner

tabbdkhs."

Both

Many

chapter.
the

the

"

"

fatdtiree

fowwdl

Bread,

"

silk

"c.,

as

of

the

wax

fruiterer

(" nukalee

well

") ; the

(" zeiydt "),who

oil

as

the

"c.,

shops,

often

these
many

shops

in

been

of the

lower

seller

of

and

them

to

food

prepare
their

who

eat

fateerehs), or

fast
break-

called

are

which

described
orders

be

it is seldom

but

fateerehs,

(foolmudemmes),

have

to

kebdb

procure

cooks,

the

sent

are

where

sold;

grocer
greenand

("gezzar");

conveniently

beans

food

(or

"c.

the

") ;
oilman

and

cannot

also

are

sells

fruits

the

of

or

cords,

shops, generally sending

one

persons
"

dried

butcher

boiled

articles

of

shereet,

candles,

Shopkeepers

in which

these

of

darner

also

cooked

they

from
There

others

and

when

the

maker

the

") ;

"), who

cooks'

these

of hardwares

") ;

many

houses.

own

or

at

of

(" shibukshee

bread, meat,

are

seller

pipes

whom

dishes

is

(" nahhds

maker

") ;

the

") ;

are

other

various

honey,

"), to

There

baked.

of

(" sharbetlee

(" khudaree
("

seller

(who

silversmith

seller

(" dakhdkhinee

cheese,

butter,

baker

'attdr

perfumer ("

of sherbet

seller

the
of

tobacconist

the

and

sewer

maker

and

wares

are

appellation) ;

("sabbagh");

dyer

("habb^k");

("akkdd");
"c.

the

the

them

the

same

goldsmith

of copper

ornamental

lace, "c.

silk

the

of
dress

of

the

all

enumerate

for

and

has

by order

seller

("kheiydt");

materials

"fec.(who

works

the

") ;

(" khurdagee

of

of

to

principal

merchant),

or

arms,

only

The

seller

or

jeweller (" gohargee ") ;

the

"

uninteresting

Cairo.

tagir,"

*'

dresses,

ready-made

("

in

draper,

called

simply

and

pursued
the

of

tedious

sold.

are

in

at

the

at

former

shop

that

of

(or bean-seller).

vegetables,

and

variety

of

eatables,

are

carried

Chap.

XIV.

about

for sale.

and

deserve

lupins)

The

often

two

village

of

on

is grown
the

Imbabeh,

saint

seller

the

river

of

country

towns

and

the

vessel

in

basket

The

seller
of

"

I"**

Boasted

is

steal

"

to

give

"

"

Ya

"

Allah

"

Ya

"

El-libb

"

curious

"

haldweh

ya

ma-hU

them

to

(for

thief

For
:

him

in

yehowwinhfe

ma
"

of

treacle

(for

")
"

"

for

*'

Tiraiis

Imbabeh

yuhowwinhi

")

"

ya

"Bi-mismir

kind

of

sweetmeat

!"

which

sweetmeat.

yeghlib

leymoon."

ya

of

cry

with

libb."
'

fried

el-bahr."

bunef

of

often

are

of

in

his

"

kind

servants

house

the

days,

embarrassed

seller

and

up

light [or

simple

in

into

three

of

the

nail !

it of

days,

them

the

children

ahU

muselli-1-ghalbin yi
el-mohammas."

manner

little salt.

by

exchange

meded."
"

of

iron, "c., from

of

Imbabee
"

"

the

or

the

of

of

in the

thrown

pips

consoler

cry

but

water-melon,

of the

"), composed

half

be

implements

Meded

and

toasted

The

"

this, sewed

two

so

cry

three

make

commdnly

more

"

God

is

deprive

or

of

offspring of

to

"), and

again

"

aid

cries,

To

two

fard

the

Another

cold, with

the

"

ingredients, is,

said

live, and
*

!"

of

cry

though
("

other

He

the

pips

sweetmeat

cries,

limeis!"*

also

food.

"

tirmis

Imbdbeh

and, after

eaten

'abdalldwee,"

by

pips

some

sale]I
"

limes

sour

of

alludes

for

best

through

heard

soak

to

Nile, opposite

is seldom

for

boiled

left

the

little

Egypt,

prepared

is dried, and

of

called

is

it

it

announced
O

of

then

the

the

palm-leaves (called

of

which

melon

villages

full of water,

after

easy

which

is

at

it is

sweet

is

saint, buried

almond!"'^

how

"

last cry,

tirmis

Nile, where

the

is,

This

the

vegetable

the

(or

to

tirmis

bitterness, it is soaked,

its natural
a

tirmis

for

village the

the

this

of

surpasses

This

which

that

seller

'

!"

of which

!"

aid

of

implying .that

as

of Imbabeh

bank

"

tirmis

"

Aid

Muslim

west

mentioned

The

the

in

also

above

excellent.
tirmis

celebrated
the

of

seller

curious,

are

invocation

an

as

hawkers

Imbdbee

neighbourhood

and

The

senses

El-Imbdbee,

the

Aid

"

sheykh

in

of the

some

mentioned.

cries,

in

of

cries

be

to

understood

Cairo,

15

TRADES.

haliweh."

'

often

they
"

el-16z."

16

cries

similar

And

so

the

announces

person

sale

is for

figs are

the

from
to

for

about

carried

paradise
made

of the

by

machinery

which

by

the

water

of

announced

guess

hear

the

henna
is

The

"

"

in

The

"

what

alludes

flowers

of

Odours

"

of

of cotton-cloth,

motion

by

of

work

privet,) are

cries,
kind

thorn

fragrant

seller

put

of

cry

This

Egyptian

or

!"

what

singular

was
'

and

that

very

rose

it blossomed."

the

of

cry

to

"

The

"

roses

and

sale,

fruits

fruits, "c., mentioned

grapes.

inermis,

flowers

as

Prophet.

(Lawsonia

henna-tree

the

of the

Prophet

of the

related

miracle

the

of.

we

!"

Honey

except by the rule

good

so

seller

of

sweat

excellent

not

by the

is used

cry

!"

when

as

other

of

impossible

sale,

grapes

least

is the

sycamore

as

Sycamore-figs

sellers

it is sometimes
for

! 0 oranges

Honey

"

by the

used

are

that

vegetables,
"

cries,

of oranges

hawker

The

XIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

bull, is

the

bull

maidens!"'*
the

As

"

numerous

sakkas

the

During

period

the
canal

which

their

water

from

the

The

this

from

It

is

The

kirbehs.

compensate
a

"

**

"

"

"

of

rei

"

sakka

'Asal

yi

El-ward

Rawayeh

")

goat's
no

general

'distance
The

are

skin

"

(for

"

Shughl *et-t6r
ya

min
rawa^h
benat."

by

rei

the

of

this cry
a

is,
is

")

0!

heard,

too
or

may

does
four
God

it is known

of water,
"

camel

ox-hide.

of

three
"

skin

the

so

Gemmeyz

brought
ya

'eneb.*'

fettah."

el-genneh

ya

henni."

temer
"

"

Va

it

asses,

the

bags

goat's skin

en-nebee
"

and

of

contain

sakka

draw

bring

short, and

*arak

they

the

of

sakkas

camels

of wide

'asal."

sh6k

the

the

during

opening

water-skins

The

Whenever
[me] !"
is passing.
For
burtukan

the

(called "kirbeh");

ass.

cry

is

pair

rather

times

in skins

kan

other

from

water
or

their

obtain

water)

with

after

at

the

slightly brackish,

metropolis,

himself.

sakka

bears

the

conveyed

sakka, if he have

that

is

inundation,

months

canal

when

called

are

four

through

river.

ass

the

Cairo
sellers

of the

season

runs

small, by the

(which

in

(carriersor

about

of

sometimes,

and

"

wells

by supplying- its inhabitants

livelihood
Nile.

the

'owwad

Allah."

18

THE

from

dietance

scarcely

is called
and

the

of

he

kuUeh,

"

also

are

sharbeh

pours

who

:" his

"'

the

Eifi'ees,

would

the

income-tax

back,

vessel
earthen

"

naiing

called

vessel

the

kulleh

"

(a

the

of

water),
bitter

or

spout,
earthen

an

is

more

and

hemalee

of

for

his

best

are

gray

the

from

of

the

order

"

the

m6yet

This

has
zahr

flowers

customers

his

upon

earth.

hemalee

and

a,n

"

of
;

of
from

exempt

carries,

porous

with

scented

called

occupation,

darweeshes,

The

prepared

orange),

brass

There

"

the

occupation

long

same

Sometimes

water

this

cup,

Beiyoomees,

firdeh.

water.

in

Sbubeh.

(called "ibreek")

cools

orange-flower;

of the

of

has

drink.

mostly

are

that

or

XIV.

ohtainB

passengers

One

brass

foUo'w

'1 hese

hemalees."

supply

kirbeh

into

who

who

class

miles, he

two

or

water.

Batki

numerous

half,

with

water
one

any

and

sakkae

metropolis
the

ClliF.

EGYPTlANa

penny.

many

eakka

for

mile

than

more

There
streets

of

MODERN

(or
tlie

often

CUAP.

XIV.

sprig

of

the

has

and

higher

feddahs

for

nothing,

or

which

he

sakkas

who

is stuck

naring

also, generally,
of

its

the

tomb

which

for

piece

in

carry

The
allowed

of

of

as

carry

They

of

sake

of

water-carriers
to

fill their

often

occaaions,

passengers

charity
the

are

of

is

saint,
who
ibreoks

called
and

on

a
"

or

to

and

the

distribnte

some

of

scenes

in

;" and

occasions

employed
at

the

whoever

tesbeel

kirbehs

food,

of

Cairo

paid, by visiters

to

thus

are

either

poor,

saints, "c.,

cupful

other

five

to

article

at

He

persons

one

bemalees,

moolids

such

on

to

the

From

the

found

are

ibreek.

from

other

Many

goat's skin,

side.

from

some

wallet.

his

receives

he

or

of

hie

by

water;

bread

such

saint

mouth

hung

of

his
the

the

orders

neighbourhood.

work

the

wallet

draaght

puts

they

This

in

middle

religious festivals,
and

19

HEMALEE8.

is
than
are

to

water

desires.

performed
moolids.

generally

public fountain,

20

When

supply.
the

in

employed

of the

of God,

following

and

prajdng

who

affords

are

to

generally

that

the

sale

by

*'

(or

sheesheh," filled

Some

sharbetlees

tray,

with

belah

meblool,"

which

of

on

of

are

"

sherbet)
the

large

the

head,
cups

figs
"KuUehs."

and

of

of the

round
"teen

dates

or

for

sharbetlee
of

vessel

or

his

palm-

about

The

tin

his

manner,

carry

in

left

brass

same

glass

glass cups,^

glass

the

In

his

on

more

raisins).
and

beverage)

partly by

fibres
or

of

former

this

liquid

two

hand,

left

several

number

of

sellers

sellers

are

in

of

beel.

occupations

these

(or

"

zebeeb

carry,

leef

together.

his

with

es-se

chain, and

carries

infusion

in

and

same,

(or

him

lot of

follow

the

of

and

some

knocks

"

bears,

full of the

**

he

heb

who

jar

also

He

it.

into

sa

ya

(or seller

strap

having

mouth

"zebeeb"

"

shan.

the

be

Amt)ng

earthen

red

sharbetlees

commonly

air, here

the

licorice, mentioned

'erk-soosee

"

which

cups,
"

name

"

persons

of

infusion

carries

tree) stuffed

many

in the

'at

may

lak,

hemalee.

the

of

or

thus

gift ;

other

numerous

side, partly supported

china

inviting

cry,

to

Ya

pardon

wa-1-magh-fi-reh

gen-neh

The

chapter.

arm

and

lah

and

paradise
charitable

the

"'erk-soos,"

left

passengers

them

offered

words,

Al

beel

that

El

similar

short

they

"

Se

There

the

to

water

chant

charity

in

commonly

most

whom

passengers

distribute

to

they generaUy

streets, "c.,

thirsty to partake

the

the

from

nothing

demand

they

as

XIY.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODEBN

THE

jug

copper

right

tinned

hand.
copper

meblool,"

steeped

in

water

or

CHiP.

XIV.

and

{a

thin

jelly, made
little

drink

same

of

in

similar

zebeeb
of

made

way,

but

the

of

trough

which
rice

and

the

of

is

likewise

melon,

moistened

is then

strained,
of

instead

carried

in

glass cnps

are

tin, attached,

by

and

the

and

in

the

made

of

the

pounded,

belt,

to

and

sweetened

like

generally

made

about

with

pips,) is also

vessels

it, or

npon

drink

boiled,

sugar,

carried
is

Sahlab

same.

and

sprinkled

soobiya' (which

"

with

bowl,

ginger

21

ETC.

wheat-starch,

water,

'abdalldwee

water,

8HEKBET,

china

starch,)

and

in
or

sugar,

or

or

without

the

steeped

of

cinnamon

manner;

pips

OP

vessel,'

copper

with
as

8ELLEB8

those

placed
the

vended
used

in

waist

for
kind

of

the

seller.
It

Cairo

has

been

mentioned
their

gain
'

livelihood

"Satleh,"

before,

by

that

many

going
*

Or

about

poor
to

"soobiyeh,"

persons
clean

in

pipes.

22

THE

The

for

of

tin,

email

the

with

each
A

lower

obtain

pipe

very

tubes.
"

nuss

that

their

in

three

he

full

of

the

pipe

is

hollow

and

slung

to

tow,

'

(or

number

four

wind

cleaned,

mnsellikStee

faddah

to

Ms

round

shoulder.
the

top

is attached

quarter

of

long
tribes

or

canes,

generally

about

of

to

obtains
a

of
the

no

farthing)

cleans.

number

Cairo,

suhaiBtence

or

together,

The
'

great

orders

bag,
which

tin

than

more

bound

are

leathern

or

in

purpose,

which

wire

canes

this

carries

"}

SIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

mueellik^tee

pipe-cleaner ("

wires

for

HODEBK

of

and

of

persons
many

in

by begging.

both
other
As

sexeg

among
of

towns

might

be

the

Egypt,

expected.

Chap.

XIV.

not

few

the

of

of whom

blind

him.

his

to

house

had

friend, who

hand

his

put

and

sat

the

of

kheyreeyehs,

beggar

his

from

in

perfectly naked
to

narrow

strip of

this
to

cold

choose,

also, their

might

it from

to

in

sleep

absolute

stranger

either

obtaining

wants

disposition
the

is not

of

food
of

to
or

nature,

their

generally giving
it.

There

the

day's gains

are

many
to

suppose.

morsel

of their

with

the

men

eating

in

who

indulge

themselves

to

spend

at

they

their

of

sure

the

charitable
habit

common

those
the

if

appearance

the

of

of

person

supplying

for

respects,

almost

are

from

being

other
their

the

Cairo

streets

may,

In
as

covered
re-

only

bare

of summer,

and

beggars

the

in

sun

They

and

females

seen

of the

bad

The

in

seen

upwards,

food

in

interdicted

often

conseqfuence

of

tained
con-

forty khey

of
was

sufficient

money

have

so

It

him.

but

times

and

money,

Citadel,

the

mosques.

countrymen,

tradespeople

Turkish

(then equivalent

exposure

quite

in

his

piastres each.

are

scorching

the

of

for

loins, begging

infancy

some

condition

lead

the

or

daughter

exception

and

little from

suffer

his

fifty guineas),

spent;

age,

the

round

rag

of winter,

accustomed

of

years

but

with

at

several

with

sup

jar full of

nine

Children

"

to

of

doing this, happened

and

the

had

purses

redress

I have

and

twenty

city. They

the

which

future.
;

twelve

thief

ten

daily habit

the

beggar,

away

of

with

in

in

hundred

sought

the

begging

and

coins

property,

which

reeyehs,

both

felt

carried

five

small

or

hundred

girl,his daughter,

supper

side, and

one

than

more

plundered

and,

scruple, he

sum

rather

to

alone

ate

on

w^hich, without

the

few

the

home

prepared

here

through

was

at

not

was

considerable

led

Turkish

blind

he

evening,

there, and

to

young

are

humane

every

public

was

always nearly naked,

One

was

made

was

felldh, who
a

to

accumulate

who

kind

metropolis by

were

bringing

this

of

There

impostors.

distressing

but

case

ago.

streets

is most

them

sees

property.
months

abominable

are

appearance

who

person

these

of

whose

some

23

BEGGARS.

shops,
who

and
for

ask

greater part

night

with

of

the

24

MODERN

THE

hasheesh,

intoxicating
in

the

imagination,
The

cries

God.

of the

most

"I

seeking from

am

bountiful

Thou

the

and

thy gift !
of

!"

Friday
!"

and

bountiful

are

!"

*-

^^^

of

]iriceof
followed

thus

Ya

"

**

An^

"

Ya

"

"

"

"'

"

"2

"

Ana

ma-nU

deyf

them

and

Mohannin
talib

about

go

seen

mounted,
"

the

"

(for

Allah

see

go
on

or

"

enU

ma

"

"

"

"

enrich,
but

one

for

asking
in

the

in

praise

the

hand,

of

the

In the

little kettle-drum.

village to village begging

by

and

two

"

one

lately saw

bearing each

men

Li-llih

ya

mohsineen."

ragheef 'eysh."
")

"

kereem

Leylet el-gum'ah el-fadeeleh."

Allah
yesa'edak (for yus Vgdak ").
Allah
(for yoateek ").
yaateek
Allah
(for ynghneek ").
yeghneek
"

will

larly
beggars, particu-

verses

horseback

wa-n-nebee."

"

all

to

frequented

more

holds

Some

Rabbee

the

she

or

receive

or

denial

beggar

from

Rabb."

'and

min

In

"God

"

content,
any

bread.

accompanied

ya

by

chanting

darweeshes

I have

'

of

God

"
"

he

beating cymbals,

; or

country, many
alms.

to

common

seller

the

by

"

answers.

bread, which

of

darweeshes,

Prophet

similar

or

Cairo, it is
cake

I"

satisfied

not

thee!"*

My
of

give

cannot

help

"

Godi

generally

person

"God

give thee

are

claim,
ex-

but

none

hand

of

unity

beggars

that

the

of

day

to

crying,

! from

be

night

is

hear

the

of

God

used

There

now

Lord

which

are,

God

They

"

testifier

him)

"

woman,

of

excellent

door

how

must

The

"

I'he

"

!" *

"
"

supper

my

God

upon

numerous

so

implied by these
streets

answers

of

!"

daily passed

guest

Friday,

Friday,

on

thy gift !

The

ask

thee

reliance

be

"

(for they

sustain

thy

believer,

masters!"

who

who

another,

must

supper

and

"

One

Place

"

God

"

"^

of

eve

of compassion!

!"

the

am

to

charitable

ye

evening, "My
the

on

!"

Friday
^

*-"

"

of bread

cake
*"

!"

the

Exciter

"
"

of God!

Lord

in

"

!"

Lord

excellent

the

!"*

Prophet

sake

Lord

them,

generally appeals

are

are

the

my

art

Cairo

common

For

hours, renders

few

of mankind.

of

beggars

OLord!"^""
"

for

happiest

the

Among

which,

XIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

ya

Rabb."

"

*Ashaya *aleyk ya

"

"

Yom

"

Allah

""

Rabb."

el-gum*ah el-fadeeleh."

yerzuk."

26

THE

flag,and

by

The
the

modem

aU

but

the

river

which

and

pits

machines

of

machines

is the

height,
of

piece
having
the

of

piece

of

end

Upper

woollen

for

out

fields.

worked

laborious.

"

and

gardens

vertical

attached
vertical

to

five

or

Another
the

or

only

employed

which

cords, and

former
machine

or

wheels
is of

by

very

one

vessel

in

raises

the

the
a

same

which,

for

This

pots.

rude

kind

The
;

and

of

parts

is

when

the
the

of

extremely

the

same

in

consists

earthen

series
cogs

turned
in

and

motion

construction

of

pots
second

by

its motion

pose,
pur-

irrigation of

mainly

continuous

being

water

level

the

water

axis, with

levers, "c., which

for

single beast, puts

the

the

the

trough

southern

at

and

vessel, the

to

used

tree,

hoop

operation

sAkiyeh."

"

forming

to

and
a

and

two

much

wheel,

bulls,

with

machine

horizontal, cogged wheel,

cows

water

The

is the

fixed

mud,

required,

are

men.

Egypt,

wheel

the

is

of

eight feet, into

shddoofs
the

which
of

this

In

shidoofs

two

almost
in

of about

horizontal

to

of

or

five feet

branch

or

with

reception.

many

by

these

posts

top,

basket-work,

leather

or

two

long palm-sticks, a

two

of

its

are

of

formed

lowest, to raise

There

to

top

of

of

of

in

means

common

apart, with

feet

by

vicinity

rushes, about

or

culture.
agri-

others,

some

consists

from

height

four

is at the

to

made

the

most

canes

three

the

fields in
and

is

is fertilized

weight chieflycomposed

stuff

to

up

Egypt,

river

and

lever,

bowl,

hollowed

slender

one

llie
which

extending

is thrown

are

of mud

or

mentioned)

irrigated by

are

kinds,

other, suspended

form

water,

shadoof,"

'^

wood

at

for

less than

and

suspended

large canals,

employ

them,

of

soil

the

but

the

different

pillarsof wood,
in

of

dug

are

cultivable

inundation

annual

which

(as before

proportion

the

back
horse-

on

bread.

for

which

that

of

beggar

occupations

smaU

very

this

asking

the

and

greater portion

natural

of

hut

to
of

Egyptians,

engages

the

hut

from

drum

XIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

beating

important

most

The

third

going

was

MODEBN

large,

pair of
the

twft

of

this

produces

Chap.

XIV.

disagreeable creaking

noise.

called

for

northern

the

chief

has

the

that

of

used.

the

In

into

firom

is admitted

into

wheat,

"

lands

natural

artificial

The

lands

wheat

seyfee,"

keydee,"

or

"

about
sown

with

"c.

Thirdly,
of the

lands

the

in

the
"

southern

shitawee

vernal

equinox,

(" durah
the

"

demeereh

shimee

sown

"), "c.,

summer),

or

seyfee "),or

Nile, commencing
are

the

(that is,

with
and

of

little

with

about,

or

millet
thus

soon

the

Egypt,

mencing
com-

season,

are

indigo, or cotton,
period

or

after, the

again,
crowned

is called

later, they

"

season,

lands,

rei

in what

parts

every

cultivated.

the

as

Secondly,

barley.

or

geydee

period

same

to

rei, by

crops

thus

are

subject

the

of

three

produce

shar4kee

be

to

parts

some

to

the

in

or,

millet

solstice, they

(" durah

made

at

sown

with

generally
"

and

the

But

season.

high

too

are

This

"c.

artificially
irrigated produce, first,their

being

crops;

winter)

with

sown

are

of

end

the

lupins, chick-peas,

which

all the

not

they

the

during

once

about

retired,

(or

are

but

November,

inundation),

though

rise

of

(those

irrigation

year

"

have

waters

gutter,

narrow

naturally inundated)

are

cultivated

"shitawee"

the

shardkee

the

the

and

another.

after

which

barley, lentils, beans,

.called

the

those

(or

is divided

farrows

up

katweh.**

"

land

into

along

furrow

or

square

beginning

or

machine

exceptions,

some

October

"

one

lands

After

year.

is

"

rei

with

are,

irrigation,the

flowing

it, is also

to

is called

or

like

vessel

to

cords, throw

the

of

by ridges of earth,

the

often

and

attached

two

pots, it

with

Egypt^

:"

sakiyeh

"

wheel

vessel, which

the

the

taboot,"

"

cords

holding

artificial

of

the

the

in

lands

of

fellies,in which

of

squares,

water,

The

means

of the

of

machine,

only requisite to raise

is

parts

four

of this

process

small

"

each

third

resembles

same

shiuiooi^" with

"

it

jaunts, or

channel

the

to

by

the

the

In

"

hollow

is

irrigation

It somewhat

with

men,

water

the

wheel

Two

the

is, that, instead

difference

water

There

"

where

Egypt,

feet.

is raised.

raise

"

few

large

water

the

of

parts

water

used

taboot,"

"

the

27

AGRICULTURE.

or

the

summer

maize

with
with

of

third

28
harvest.
of

the

"c., and

cultivated

and
;

Egypt

Upper
For

is

Sugar

"

of

cutting

the

Egyptians

use

chair, which

moves

called

the

the

foremost,

to

the

intermediate

circle, by
the

and

other
and

of rude
The

of

cows

of the

navigation

strong,

muscular

frequently
the

Nile, the
vessel

aground:
the

for

the

with

their

being

than

the

at

wide.

The

between

'

Buit

to

of

and

four

is liable

and

the

boats

used

simple

but

sails,

is divided

in

Of late, the
the

cabins

reqairements

of
of

the

two

and

better

European

or

kinds
traveller.

is

of

of

boats

form

with

the

off
of
Nile
head

are

mostly
masts,

two

the

next

most

have

shove

the

stem,

fourth,

of these

boats,

about

apartments.

more

run

often

Nile, which

occupying
Jn

to

the

account

at

elegant
cabin,

of

necessarily very

the

on

length

high,^ and

into

water

rudder

boats

forty feet

feet

the

more

of

is

to

water

On

rather

they

bed

it

shoulders.

aground,

often

and

frequently

the

into

in

consequence

occurrence,

descend

of
a

an

mostly

then

the

in

pilot

for

In

place

run

kind

occupied

third, of the length of the boat.

cabin

are

labour

cheerful

take

hence

and

are

about

of the

are

severe

by singing.

draw

to

better

thirty

generally
the

stem

husbandry,

Nile

the

very

most

backs

large triangular

two

or

made

are

such
to

crew

liable

numerous,

very

but

are

on

their

so

generally

are

experienced

necessary
boat

undergo

which

dhanges

most

in

plough,

great number

They

themselves

continual

his

they

employs
of

towing

when

amuse

The

in

use

boatmen

men.

rowing, poling, and

so

Nile

The

Egypt.

most

they

three

kinds.

simple

of

the

which

four

is drawn,

com.

circular

and

hindmost,

the

of

axle-trees

machine

bulls, over

or

implements

natives

This

axle-tree.

pair

the

to

the

form

thin

or

thick

three

to

number

same

wheels,

iron

fixed

the

in

barley,

fodder,

as

n6rag,"

terranean.
Medi-

wheat,

of

grain

the

near

serves

"

small

plates,generally eleven,
to

the

XIV.

large portion

lands

which

straw,

upon

low

the

separating

machine

throughout

rice, in

purpose

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

been

made

Sudden
higher,

to

Chap.

XIV.

NAVIGATION

OF

THE

29

NILU.

and

whirlwinds
is

boatman

hand,
the

that
traveller

precaution,

squalls

usually
he

may

should
however

being

employed
be

able
be

to

to

let

the

hold
it

wind.

on

the

fly

careful

especially

light

frequent

very

at

main

with

the

Nile,

sheet

in

moment's

respect

his

notice

to

this

30

MODERN.

THE

CHAPTER

OF

USE

TOBACCO,

interdiction

The

of

code

the

this
of

means

kinds

of

The

faith

the

It

the

Christian
be

of

commerce,

in

:* that

In

the

the

between

B'lshJL El-y"dekshee

Flight 1156-8,
This
The

may
tobacco

in
seem

the

of

custom

Flight

about

frequently happened

Cairo,

he

incredible

first used

made

was

; but

in the

Europe,

East

to
a

century
who
that
eat

when
the

pipe-bowl
was

1012

(a.d. 1601

in the

man

time

probably

be

very

in

was

with

have

considerable
began

bowl
maji

who

tobacco

ago,

Muslim

generally

Arabs

governed Egypt

begun
article

the

induced

and

the

of

an

now

and

smoking
1010

as

to

is

Turks
has

shortly

it had

lawfulness

it

is

into

East,

after

Western

use,

more

century

years

of the

(or Yedekchee),

it

seventeenth

Its

of the

years

relates,that

"11-Gabartee

in his hand

that

the

disputed ;* but

its

to

states

of

many

character

addicted

El-ls-hakee

countries

into

I cannot

introduced

was

is, not

warmly

been

which

tobacco

the

of

countries, of

placid enjoyment,"

"

term

America.

from

often

Egypt
^

other

and

beginning

allowed.

that

regularly imported

become

to

diflferent

or

Muslim

most

keyf,"

"

the

by

appears

era

to

term

than

Turkey, Arabia,

in

means

Arabs

translate

tobacco.

has

the

of

addicted

immoderately

slight intoxication,

inducing

prevalent

what

exciting

before

number

greater

in

laws

important

most
a

cating
intoxi-

and

pleasurableexcitement.

most

nearly

the

become

to

fermented

other

caused

ETC.

OPIUM,

HEMP,

of

one

El-Isldm, has

of

disciples of
other

COFFEE,

is

XV.

XV.

wine, and

liquors,which

Chap.

EGYPTIAKS,

its

broken

strong.

to

of

the
found

be

common

and

1603).

Mohammad
yeai*s of
with

burning

the

pipe

contents.

by strong

teeth.

Chap.

XV.

VSE

OF

31

COFFEE.

than
inactive
changes, particularlyrendering them more
in earlier times ; leading them
the
to waste, over
they were
hours which
might be profitablyemployed : but
pipe,many
and a better effect ; that of supersedingin
it has had another
the

great measure,

of wine, which

use

to

say

the

health
of the inhabitants
injuriousto
very
The Thousand
and One
In the tales of
climates.

least,is

the

which
the

East,

Nights,"

evidence

that

wine

It may

much

was

preceding,than
further

of Arabian

of

that

it is

time,

by those

remarked, in the

be

and

have

toms
cus-

abundant

commonly

more

into

ing
present-

as

manners

they appeared,we

by Muslims

drunk

of tobacco

confidentlyreceive

may

period when

the

at

we

picturesof the state

faithful

openly

which

and

introduction

the

before

written

were

hot

of

"

and

more

of the age immediately

of the present day.

or

of

way

apology for

the

employed by the Turks and Arabs, that the mild

kinds of tobacco
generallyused by them have a very gentle
the
of
effect ; they calm
nervous
system, and, instead
stupefying,sharpen the intellect. The pleasuresof Eastern
heightened by the pipe,and it
society are certainlymuch
sober
affords
the peasant a cheap and
refreshment, and
less
dulgences.
infrom
innocent
probably often restrains him
pipe, as

it can
be afforded,generally
cup of coffee,which, when
accompanies the pipe, is commonly regarded as an almost

The

doubtless

equal luxury,and
the
"

use

less

of wine

kahweh,"

an

old

supposition. It

conduced

with

among

the

common

Arabic

for

term

is said that

tobacco
Arabs

to render

its name,

wine, strengthens this

discovery of the refreshing

the

made
was
beverage afforded by the berry of the coffee-plant
in the latter part of the seventh
century of the Flight,(or,

of the thirteenth
the

named
mountain

the Christian

of El- Yemen,
want

of

era), by

certain

devotee

driven

the d.ecoction of coffee-berries,

as

by persecutionto a
few
with
of his disciples,
a
was
to make
an
experiment
provisions,

sheykh 'Omar, who,

induced, by the
of

of

an

article of food

the

32

MODEUN

THE

coffee-plant
being

there

not, however, till about

the

spontaneous

two

centuries

production. It was
after this period that

of coffee

in
began to become common
the years
imported into Egypt between
Flight(towards the end of the fifteenth or
use

was

the

of the sixteenth

the

century

introduction
the

in

drunk

El-Yemen

into

the

and

with

great

them

refreshingto

it.

half

or

the

900

the

and

of

910

beginning

century before

East), and

then

was

in their exercises of

engaged
God,

praisesof
About

about

It

El- Yemen.

of
El-Azhar, by the fakeers
El-Medeeneh, who found it very

and

while

era,

into

mosque

Constantinople.^In.
it

our

tobacco

Mekkeh

and

prayers,

of

of

XV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

reciting
selves
freelyindulged them-

and

introduced
century after,it was
tinople,
Arabia, in Egypt, and in Constana

the

often

subjectof sharp disputesamong

the pious and learned ; many
doctors assertingthat it possessed intoxicating
and was, therefore an unlawful
qualities,
that, among
beverage to Muslims; while others contended
that of repellingsleep,which
other virtues, it had
many
it a powerful help to the pious in their nocturnal
rendered
devotions : according to the fancy of the ruling power, its
sale was
therefore often prohibitedand again legalized. It
for many
is now,
has been
and
acknowledged as
years,
lawful by almost all the Muslims, and is immoderately used
was

by the Wahhdbees,

even

condemnation

of

who

tobacco,

are

and

in

the

rigid

most

their

in

adherence

their

to

the

precepts of the Kur-dn, and the Traditions of the Prophet.

Formerly, it was
generallyprepared from the berries and
husks together; and it is still so prepared,or from the husks
alone, by
East,
and

it is

shops.

prepared from

See De

contains
The

above

kahweh

the

In

berries

other

countries

of the

alone, freshlyroasted

"

thousand

"

name

Arabe, vol. i. pp. 412

beveragesold at

of the

or

coffee-

small

apart-

Kahwehs,"^

is, generallyspeaking, a

Sacy*sChrestomathie

Eahweh," being the

appliedto the shop itself.
^

in Arabia.

persons

pounded.

Cairo

many

"

483, 2nd,ed.
is hence
coffee-siSop,

the

34

MODERN

THE

several

of fakeers

numbers

contended

and
habit

is

in

eminent

men

very

now

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

literature

and

religion,and

(or poor devotees),yielded to

that it

lawful

was

XV,

vast

its fascinations,

to the Muslim.

The

the lower
orders in the
among
There
of Egypt.
various
are

common

metropolis and other towns

various
modes
of preparing it ; and
sheera,"*
as
names,
"bast," "Q,, are
given to its different preparation^. Most
leaves are
used
told, the young
alone, or
commonly, 1 am
with tobacco, for smoking ; and the capsules,
mixed
without
several
mixed
with
the seeds, pounded and
aromatic
stances
subfor an
Acids counteract
its
intoxicatingconserve.
operation. The preparation of hemp used for smoking
Few
inhalations
of its
generallyproduces boisterous mirth.
but
the last very copious,are usually taken
from
the
smoke,
g6zeh. After the emission of the last draught, from the
and
mouth
nostrils,commonly a fit of coughing, and often a
of the lungs having
spittingof blood, ensues, in consequence
"

the

filled with

been

smoke.

Hasheesh

is to be obte,ined

not

of the

are
: there
coffee-shops
shops of a smaller
and more
privatedescriptionsolelyappropriatedto the sale
of this and other intoxicatingpreparations : they are
called
It is sometimes
mahsheshehs."
amusing to observe the

only

at

some

"

ridiculous

conduct,

who
persons
orders.
lower

and

to

listen to

frequent these
The

term

"

the

shops.

conversation,

They

all

are

hashshdsh," which

of

the

of

the

signifies

"

eater, of

hemp," is an appellationof obloquy :

noisy and riotous people are often called
hashshdsheen,"
that
which
is the pluralof
appellation,and the origin of our
first applied to Arab
assassin ;" a name
word
warriours
in
cating
Syria,in the time of the Crusades, who made use of intoxiand soporific
drugs in order to render their enemies

smoker,

or

an

"

"

insensible.*
sheereh."

"

Or

See, on

"

this

interred from
this derivation.

Index would

^A reviewer
subject,the close of Chapter XXII.
that
I
took
to
above,
myself the credit
"

the remark

have

reference

shewn

that

to

this

the words
was

not

"

the

"

Assassin
case.

and

"

to have

seems

of

De

discovering

Sacy

"

in the

thought t\he observation

V

Chap.

XV.

USB

The
is not
the

of

use

so

that

the

middle

its

have

four

"

several

taken

than

called

is

nature

sells

who

dance

pleasurable

The

boozah,"

been

mentioned

of

the

require

him

at

the

former

De

mentioning

from

Sacy
it in

and
monly
com-

of

this

makes

or

is

called

said, makes

the

by

singing

which

third

the

simply

the

liquor

many

of

excites

vision,

in

sedative

lower

chapter.

called

of the
orders
I have

the

large jars containing

prepared

hemp,

mahshesheh."

by
of

persons

Egyptians

who

affects

is

intoxicating

is drunk

in

"

the

more

pleasure
;

three

but

conserve

is

who

of

kind

it

his

which

fifth

dose

are

common

chatter

persons

applicable.

The

person

particularly

and

many

illustrious
njy

make

sold

are

by other

and

kind

manifest

which

Nile,

this

which,

is

the

is

"afi-

by those

which

the

own

obloquy

many

hellebore,

opium.

kind

less

it

in

is

whole

our

mentioned;

of

most

it

in

are

whom

to

The

which

fermented

Thebes,

one

manner

These

nature.

at

is

fourth

there

and

;"

maagoon

the

of

by degrees.

simple

to

vice

Opium

term

drugs,

"

will

is

above

dose

this

of

opium-eater,

its use,

to

aromatic

takes

which

another

the

composed

the

There

person

or

the

to

persons

generally taken,

purpose

it, "maagungee."

"barsh."

"

the

countries

drunkenness.

classes
is

conserves

and

opium,

of

and

addicted

increases

several

make

to

been

grains, for

afiyoonee

number

because

opium

state,

long

not

or
"

crude

proportion

appellation

higher

other

in

"afiyoon;"

and

intoxication

addicted

habitual

hashshash,"

"

induce

to

many

Egyptians

in

latter

of

in

as

relative

indulge

This

drugs

great,

so

the

Arabic,

yoonee."

In

is

as

in

called,

of

nearly

who

country

of

number

not

population,

Egypt

35

ETC.

OPIUM,
other

and
in

the

certainly

than

opium

common

East

OF

"boozeh,"
of

boatmen
in

Egypt,
in

seen,

dregs

of

the
has

tombs
beer

of

known

tc

barley.

respecting
two

this

places.

word

to

be

too

generally

36

MODERN

THE

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

XVI.
I

XVI.

CHAPTER

THE

is

Bathing

of

people

and

Girls

without

houses

invited

to

and

the

this

do

of

bath

of linen

entering

is

short

time

before,

places.

The

front

of

manner

similar

out

decorated,

but

to

that

usually

sometimes

other

entrance.

The

the

the

bath

in which
more

consists

of

for

"Ham-

red
over

several

small

sexes

napkin,

or

to

any
warn

having

gone

taken

their

ornamented

the

for

for females.

entrance,

of

colours, particularly

building

both

generally

fanciful,

occasions,

others, only for

having

in

the

to

go

seventy

servants

most

own

friends.

access

the

over

places.

their

many

women,

females
is

thus

generally

often
on

Nile.

seen

in

afternoon

male

and

trifling
the

and

for

the

to

hung

all

in

only
some

in

appropriated

drapery,

or

from

men

is

bathe

have

men

and

and

forenoon,

the

and

sixty
for

afford

female

their

public

are

children

the

the

these

this

convenience

thither

the

of

baths

ladies, who,

the

villages

unfrequented

have

mentioned,

too

the

weather,

mostly in

have

by

unfrequently

warm

but

often

not

the

enjoyed

the

cannot

Cairo, between

in

young

during

piece

so

Some

expense.

When

who

baths, to which

or

women

in

accompany

are,

mams,"

of

are

who

and

inhabitants

public bath,

before

men

public bath

luxuries

women

have

but

There

the

covering

rich,

men

in

themselves

any

greatest

persons

young

indulging

are

those

and

incurred

expense

the
The

Egypt.

country,

The

of

one

BATH.

mosques

and

white,

and

about

apartments,

in

are

and

the
all

Chap.

of

XVI.

THE

whicli

intermixture,

in

pieces of fine

red

of

in

room

inserted

walls

and

been

exposed

with
well
The

should
evil

construction

the

to

have

in

one), he

bff his
the

to

marble,

and

which
stone

from
with

cased

in

description)

The

for

the

traditions,is,like

many

first

pair

of wooden

or

octagonal

(similar

"c.

in

centre.

accommodation

to

section
One

of

that

clogs
leewans,"

"

of

cold

in

with

water,

the

of

inner
this

leewdnsj

being

the

of the

the

the

accompanying

imposed by

others, often disregarded by

takes

constructed

of persons

mentioned, although

(ifhe

cased

wider,

basement

the

of

is called

four

he

money,

sword

apartment

three,

two,

and

bath, who

"

marble

prohibition here

of

(called faskeeyeh ")

an

the

the

recite

watch,

pipe, and
of

hold.
thres-

nor

(or keeper

considerably

or

represented

apartment

has

generally

his

with

The

wet.

fountain

it, he

the

pray

have

he

servant

ginn (or

enter

over

not

"m'allim"

supplies him

mastabahs,

rises

designed

to

from

of

to

trifling sum

chest

level

protection against

for

should

the

to
in

them

being
It

similar

than

charge

shoes, and

meslakh."

is about

entering, if

On

commits

pavement

he

watera

water

resort

put his left foot first

more

locks

favourite

be

boiler, "c.

person

reason,

it.^

containing

gives these
bath), who

when

same

in

be

to

should

the

of the

bath

heat

upon

raise

building, to

of the

the

sakiyeh (or

ejaculatory prayer

an

up

days.

the

having

fall if the

and

light.
of

in

produced

bull, is constructed

or

supply

therefore

Kur-an

purse

cow

is

to crack

few

is believed

spirits,and

the

liable

for
a

that

of

of

after

plaster,which,

and

steam

are

use,

by

offer

For

the

bricks

ments
apart-

number

in

for the

genii),aud

have

chiefly employed
are

been

inner

admission

higher parts

bath

which

domes,

small

has

the

even

tank

or

The

work.

an

durka'ah

sl^etch

for

turned

the

this

the

as

which

of

and

glazed apertures,

it is in

wheel),

marble,

manner

same

to

with

domes

intermitted

"

introduction

materials

when

tile, in the

covered

small, round,

black

parts, of

some

with

chiefly white,

marble,

priyate house,

in the
are

The

with

paved

are

37

BATH.

higher

several

ignorant.

and

well-known

38

THE

middle
upon

the

there

is

there

other,

or

others, which

usually

no

furniture

is also, in the

In

meslakh

in

the

first apartment

latrinae
and

on

side.

one

this

is

name

it is the

because

than

warm

the

than

higher

with

other, cased

has

one

like

person

the

mattresses

mastabah,

or

placed

are

the

on

one

leewdn

higher

When

two.

the

is wanted,

another

upon

The

is for the

is

the

higher

one

pavement.

and

less

is

it

mastabahs,

two

it is

but

;"

mentioned

which

large for
sufficiently
high seat
occupied, and another

is

former

other

the

apartments
of

three

or

here

chamber

and

first chamber

"

marble

but

which
two

signifies

warm

general, it

accommodates

classes

three

In

in

inner, closed

an

with

principal apartment,

ante-chamber.

baths

many

between

.passage,

the

to

first of the

the

in

undress

short

given

orders,

of stall,for coffee.

kind

Beyt-owwal"

"

In

mats.

beyt-owwal ;"

lower

the

mostly prefer to undress

they

"

is

small

bathers

winter,

called

apartment,
the

the

for

are

cntshions:

and

tnattresses

except

meslakh,

weather,

warm

the

with

orders, is furnished

XVL

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

two

lower

the

on

or

part of the floor). A

prayer-carpet) is spread on the mastabah

(or raised

seggadeh (or

small

for

of

person
in

napkin

the

which

his waist

round

and

is

to

his chest, and

over

boy,

beardless

or

while

he

he

called

is

See

entrance

of

the

owwal.

is

Plan,

and

vestibale.

of

(or tank).

N,

bare

who

he

(as

corruption

of

the

is

it,

on

of

manner

It is

generally
bather

his mahzam,

word

is

ifec.:

vulgarly

"leewdngee,"

put'

to

the

attends

puts
the

is

fourth

put

little lower

require

his back.

man,

while

which

B, B,
K, K,

following

Meslakh.

E, Faskeeyeh.

I, I, Leewan.

Leewans.

he

to

or

nounced),
protendant
"at-

leewdn."^

the

M'allim.

head

cover

"Idwingee"

of the

to

young

undresses, and

which

'

fifth

if

or

his head, in the

round

top of the
a

another

and

knees,

third,

to wind

turban, leaving the

clothes;
to the

"mahzam:"

him

to

his

put

receives

bather

The

orders.

this reaches

termed

brought

higher

F,

an

"

C, 0, C, C, C,

Coffee-stall.

Mastabahs.

explanation.

L, L,

G, G,

Leewans.

D,

Latrinse.

Hararah.

General

A,

M,

Station

H, BeytM,

M,

M,

chambers, each containing a maghtas

Faskeeyeh. 0, 0, Two
which
Place
of the fire,over
is the boiler.
P, P, Hanafeeyehs. Q,

40
the

When

of

and

inner

the

of

form

of

most

fountain)
the

with

of

of

pieces

almost

adjoin

each

there

which
"

is

of

hanafeeyeh," consisting

wall;

of

one

hot,

hanafeeyeh

is

mentioned,

but

to

of

the

third

angle

chambers

and

commonly

similar

the

which

chamber
is

those

to
*

For

"

be

beyt-

chambers,

which

of the

square,

of

cold

other,

the

not

with

water;
a

seat

merely

el-hararah.**

to

the
the

contains

occupied by
described

two
one

to

water,

warm

steps

which

just
beyt

and

The

tapis,projecting
is

given,

square

in

generally

angle

few

of

small

tank,

or

two

one

before

beneath,

trough

of

ascent

an

(or

together

hararah,

square.

second

maghtas,"

"

one,

Two
a

occupy

"'

white

with

the

basin

shallow

it, may

exact

it

faskeeyeh

"

like

Har"rah.

of the

angles.

other, and

the

contain,

of the

one

give

cased

with
an

which
a

door

called

leewans,

The

tile.

red

is

low

small

connected

Section

is at

centre,

from

rising

occupying

owwal

the

in

chambers

as

which

four

high octagonal seat,

and

several

has

the

him

to

opens

private houses,

and,

water,
a

marble,

described

general,
in

hot

of

middle

black

in

rooms

cross

lawingee

principal apartment,

This,

''hararah.'"
those

the

in the

himself

attired

and

undressed,

described,

above

manner

has

bather

XVI.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

from
a

the
small
of

name

taps

above

them.

other

small

containing

42

THE

is

rubbing
of

are

ladies
of

of

Egypt

which

the

rubbing

the

operation

is

is for

the

of

woollen

coarse,

utility
case

limbs,

that

bag.'

himself

in

hanafeeyeh.
to

this, the

fibres
last

of
is

tanks

with

The

soap.
is
of

by

us

of

Egypt,

it

which

the

and

leef
:

vessel,

is

is

is of

of
a

the
brown

kind

with

next

small,

if

please,

he

taken

the

before

with

sweet

fit

produced
colour

that

"

of

one

for

the

well,

washing

manner

by

(or

which

"om

same

entrance

"leef

in
is

the

to

water,

warmed

not
in

employed

used

The

next

hanafeeyeh

consequently

not

is

bather

and

of

and

soap

copper

water

the

wear

is often

bather,

hung

been

lathers

and

flesh

He

tanks.

not

smooth.

iff lh" real

quarter

having

braokish,

sponge
trees

in

the

for

somewhat

napkin

skin

the

and

bather's

done,

the

palm-tree)

brought
;

of

one

the

do

inhabitants

the

delicate

the

One

of

rougher

The

who

persons

by

surface

rasping,

or

moat

more

This

mukeyyistitee

the

with

rubbing

both

iised

are

silver.

to

render

to

Foot-nipfl."

dips

(the lower,

is the

other

which

Those

thin, embossed

indispensable

stockings

for

in

XTI.

rottgli artificially:

oolonr.

encased

excepted)

is

rendered

blackish

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

is

generally

are

course

rasp

performed

dark,

MODERN

the
used

as

palmin

the

Chap.

XVI.

hammdm

is white;
washes

mukeyyisdtee
hanafeeyeh
he

then

then

calls

for

covered

himself

returns

to

the

beyt-owwal;

persons

of

the

more

piaster,or

in

the

water

classes

independent

and, having
described,

the

half

give

to

of

custom

is

it

mukeyyisAtee, though

the

latter

The

'fee.

is

it

first

but

arm-pits

before

as

the

from

bather's

manner

same

piaster, to

with

in number,

four

napkins,*

the

washing,

The

Hejdz.

from

the

to finish

him

of

set

soap

required, shaves

leaving

goes,

the

off

if

and,

brought

is

and

*i3

BATH.

THE

not

demanded.
In

the

the

beyt-owwal,

mastabah,

cushions

at

of his

feet, and
these

perform
or

ten

or

an

faddahs,

The

out.

charge

of

neither
his

beard

Many
a

week,
and

soap

which,
The

of course,

hired

they

but

for

the

twice

but

often

have

bather

him

asks

four

piasters

the

on

to

sum

common

ing,
guard-

of

bather

week

into

once

with

washed

the

of

one

others,

merely

are

some

the

tanks

general, all the

females

go

together.

take

of

with
"

the

visit

so

for

or

for

all conditions

house, and

them

"'Eddeh."

their

own

is

bath

party

one

are

the

hamm4m

the

When

men.

family,

one

of

women

do

to

as

of

In

They

and

the

has

described.

afford

females

ladies, exclusively,

who

and

The

is

and

less.

pay

so

piaster

plunge

can

not

to

hour,

an

dresses,

then

(unless the

comb.

five

them

half

meslakh,

the

bath
;

foreman,

one

above

then

who

women

frequently;
not

frequently
and

One

the

to

go

water,

in

from

goes.

operations

less

or

is the

napkins

puts

and

persons

sheesheh

or

mustaches)

"c.

for all the

shibuk

soles

Idwingees

of

remains

or

cup

the

two

each

to

on

two

or

one

rubs

or

gives

looking-glass, and

nor

looking-glass;
pay

the
a

watch,

his

limbs

generally

haris," who

"

him

he

He

more.

drying

brings
for

or

hour, smoking

goes

and

operations,

having

and

lAwingee

body and

his

bather,

the

for

reclines, sipping

be

while

smoking,

kneads

spread,

napkins,
this

On

end.

one

of coffee, and

two

with

covered

is

mattress

of

admitted.
young

seggddehs,

boys,
and

44
the

and

for

drinking

is the

lower
even

napkin,
which

the

the

and

often,

their

into

their

familiar

whether

They

avail

jewels

and

for

to

instance, in

two

or

more

for

khilweh

"

of
mixed

the

rubs

hour

an

or

washes

and
"c.

there, having put

^

Thus

The

depilatory

being preferred
of

orpiment.
the

hair

quick-lime
It is made

in about

vol. i. pp.

the

two

the

retire to the

called

to

part of their

on

"

into

to the

commonly

small

when

edition.

dress,

or

friends,

are

They
who

the

tory,*
depila-

meslakh,

and

shirt,

large loose

among

bellaneh,

or

to

ment
apart-

frolic.

and

beyt-owwal

it is

but

all

of the

hands

which

paste, with

minutes,

134, 378, 379, 2nd

mirth

of

women

attendants

and

where

but

the

marriage,

confusion

more

for

as,

mashitah."

"

more

a
a

for

noorah,"

resin
with

whom

plaits their hair, applies

pronounced

commonly

is

more

under

then

women

they give

name

ranks

in

friends

few

There

them,

They

chooses

admitted

are

there,

meet

occasions,
for

to

mother

or

many

else

is the

various

more

On

none

girls indulge

younger

girls

in

enter

to

party, consisting of the

hanafeeyeh.
of

preparations

and

lady

:" this

company

spend

the

and

the

bath.

select

families

more

of

they

Sometimes

among

the

case

for

common

hire

in

see

the

is hired

from

son

whom

those

with

opportunity

clothes, and

finest

strangers.

or

her

chances

bath

their

visit

noisy

little

the

of

in

entertainments

not

are

themselves

conversation

friends

bride

the

occasions, they

mirth.

display

she

these

on

the

wear

in the

as

have

frequently

they

not

pleasures

few

much

so

bath;

the

always

are

delight

Egypt

where

There

the

of

women

in

others

mash'tah,"'

"

or

Many

waist:

clogs.

high
of

belldneh,"

meats,
sweet-

is also

wealth

of

whatever

soap,

fruits,

them

tire-woman.

the

even

with

washing

lady

A
"

the

round

women

bath,

with

covering

no

the

and

carry

own

and

wear

napkin

to

by her

washer

orders

for

refreshments.

accompanied

who

some

and

they require,

water

sweet

and

other

and

often

of

quantity

necessary

which

napkins, basins, "c.,

XVI.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

is

often

used,

employed
composed,

is

proportion (about
water, before
it is washed

an

"

See

as

bath,
am

eighth part)

application ;

oflf.

the

in

and

Russell's

formed,
inof

loosens

Aleppo,

Chap.

XVI.

of

partake
with

none

of

the

pipes
are

hired

THE

to

the

entertained

accompany

may

Those

On

particular

with

the
them

songs
to

the

if

by

procure

market.

them.

with

to

they

them,

bath

which,

refresliments,

various

45

BATH.

sending

who

bath.

an

smoke

take

occasions
of

have

they

two

of

or

brought
attendant
their

festivity,
more

own

they

'AFmehs,

46

MODERN

THE

CHAPTER

XVIL

Chap.

EGYPTIANS,

XVII.

GAMES.

of the

Most

of the

games

their

sedate

dispositions. They

(which
trictrac
of

make

of

Muslims

regard

some

of them

people

el-kumdr,"

leab
the

and

these

at
for

played

of the

(or

the
in

"

and

game

of

the

towns

other

for

most

games

called

and

with

equal
called
"

For

rows

cowries
"Kimir."

the

that

common

or

"

of

persons

buyoot

"

many
2

of

Persons

often

are

play

at

(plural of
small

pebbles
Pronounced

but

quently
fre-

is

Egyptians
this,

which

in

seen

of coffee.

cups

the

some

distinction,

gain."

few

cards,

for

coffee-shops;

seventy-two
as

of

among

Two

of

way
or

among

or

money,

Egypt

joined by hinges)

boards

two

at

than

mankalah."

of

forbidden,

as

is that

so

The

though

common

very

hazard,

games

greater stake

no

the

of

"

hemispherical holes,
kind

are

his

by

scrupulous

hazard

draughts

are

life.

less

of

scarcely less

always

orders

lower

playing

two

and

hazardous

wholly

has

that

games

stake, is particularly called, by

other

board

of

and

chess-men

however,

are,

chess

"),

is forbidden,

anything

chess

even

almost

being

which,

that

or

of this

all ranks

general

consider

partly

games

of

dameh

("

suit

in

pleasure

Their

").

which

kinds

great

Muslim

prohibition

the

to

the

as

in

take

tawulah

image

an

Egypt

with

One

("

of

are

"), draughts

satreng

simple forms;

very

of

"

backgammon

or

religion,to

"

call

they

Egyptians

beyt "), in

shells,
these,

"mankal'ah."

twelve

are
"

with

of

the

whether

Chap.

XVII.

shells
"

47

GAMES.

pebbles,

or

hasweh

To

").

the

termed

are

the

explain

of the

distinguish the beyts

"

hasa

"

the

of

game

(in the singular,

mankalah,

by letters, thus

board

I must

"

Maiikalah.

the

and

when

opposite

they

would

there

for,

in

this

the

he

case,

turn

the

which

game

party
the

in

the

whom

to

them

the

to

enough

distribute

if

he

has

at

empty

the

if it contain
the

beyt

and

one

of

these

more

numbers,

he

or

of

no

beyt

his

adversary's

of the

hasa,

If

contain

if the

but

for
and

last

it

his

with

the

may

to

manner

A, B, C, "c.

last

beyt into

(having
have

with

beyt contain

two

other

his

to

been
left

been

adversary plays

also

and

beyts,

its contents,

any

if there

and

same

one

preceding beyts
beyt

distributes

remaining,

on.

the

commences

six

order

more

so

in;

the

the

in

or

four, he takes

the

each

to

one

ceases

and

one

Supposing
F, and

in

act

adversary begins

one

beyts,

own

that

put

his

beyt

proceeds

hasweh

first,)he
two

of

still

he

from

before, and

opposite ;
or

"c.,

as

put

before

empty

6,

have

then

The

When

beyts A, B, C, D, E, F,
hasa

c,

distribution

otherwise.

case

the

his

adversary's beyts,
which

the

hand,

to

he

the

sure

done

lose.

to

at

equally,

is seldom

this

"tebweez."

and

simple

most

distributed

first is

other's

round

each

in

his

them

then,

and

a,

put
in

the

parties,

generally putting

but

called

playing it),distributes

were

party

one

of the

the

in

beyts

beyt
is

is not

beyts

remain

more

board

of

to

One

game

they

plays

with

takes

to

If

hasa

belong

he

game,

the

the

each

who

is dissatisfied

may

into

beyt.

six

be

distributing

party

be

each

other.

modes

two

are

the

to

play

to

unequally

into

four

least

beyts

about

are

hasa

all the

he

six

(for there

manner

of

A, B, C, D, E, F, belong

beyts marked

The

but

those
or

of

four,

contain

either

number

inter-

48

THE

he

vening,
with

takes

the

which

he

them

in

case,

the

puts

one

has

same

its

from

last

beyt

on

so

two

adversary's
if that

be

than

other

has

side,

one

of the

taken

his

above

in

game.

by

this

the

"

to

of the

game

which

must
hasa

The
in

the

beyts

of

each

other

conventional
and

four

different

the

("

of the

hasa

the

he

has

pletely
com-

he
of

excess

The

his

gainer

adversary
party

has

won

the

is

pla3'ed

playing

of

it

el-ghasheem

intelligent (" leab

is

")

is termed

which

manner,

property
is

mankalah

"

or

remain

board

either

leab

more

into

mode

"

row

el-'dkil

"), and

described.

beyts

side

this

or,

his

of

gain.

sixty,
the

of

game

ignorant

corresponding
in

to

own

is the

board

to

it his

hasweh

one

his

it

beyt F,

one

one

When

amount

the

the

the

next

making

beyts, and

reckons

as

hasa.

distributed

are

commonly

beyt A,

number

third

party has

number

most

hence

in

wise,
be

now

has

the

the

of

the

the

and

only

F,

from

put

When

counts

the

manner,

game

it is.

play

gains

generally play

others

and

begins

persons;

young

the

adversary's

successive

In

"

called

"

his

his

If

to

D, he

makes

his

of

obliged

be

it in his

to

other, that

who

one

first distributed

having
made

the

and

one

more

if, in this

making

or

gain,
beyt

or

the

party

him,

When

is

side

until

alwaj'-splays

one

on

whose

and

board

one

into

him

He

former

none

on

E, another

nearest

in

cleared, each
has

hasweh

stops

brings

more

instance,

put

three,

distributing

on

goes

into

beyt

hasweh)

adversary's beyts.

and

person

has

last

this

continues,

one

the

the

for

haswehs.

the

none,

he

but

hasweh

single

first of his

the

thus

from

or

one

he
into

l)lay.

to

turn

empty,

containing

and

four

or

out, and

which

contents

If

(with

before

as

contain

to

these

manner

preceding beyts also,

opposite.
contain

takes

beyt into

last

a, and

on

he

more,

into

those

hasweh

these

of

XVII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

contents

of

put

the

contain

the

contents

five, or

or

MODERN

on

vacant
manner

remainder

in

one

beyt
each

beyts

they

as,

in

or

beyts

more

on

for

beyt

are

The

one

other
two

distributed

instance,
a.

on

the

side, leaving the

or

or

side

side

extreme
in

about

half

person

who

any
into
dis-

50

This

is
'*

beyts

"

ddrs," each

"

or

of similar
stone

the

beyts

here

represent

distinguish

each

In

beyt

of

piece
in

and

number

those

in

the

two

the

with

only

have

has

"

weled
two

if

or

(" telateh

all four

four,

or

into

side

and

") :

black, six

if

"),and

all

be

four

again
the

turn

but
of

counts

and

hand

wall,

fall

white,
When

said

to

or

when
the

he

other.

if there

counts

two
counts

(" arba'ah

four
one

or

that

so

is

black, he

one

by

the

one

he

throws
has
To

in

they

black,

white,

(" sitteh ").

six, he throws

three, it is then

three

in

together,

player

the

two

all

(plural "teeb"),

"tab"

wilad

in

(or dogs)

against
If

upwards,

other

the
be

"

held

or

wall.

red

of

generally played

or

ground,

against

"

thrown,

ground

distinguished

kilab

"

is
are

walnut

instance,

for
be

must

game

the

as,

called

are

little

placed only

are

row

one

the

on

(or child, plural

(" itneyn ") : if there

three

of

brought,

or

and

piece

row,

rows

little sticks

four

its white

white,

those

The

kelb."

inclined

thrown,

pieces

They

resting

stick

"

thrust

end

one

against
one

stick

pieces

The

persons.

in

other.

singular,

against

be

in

row

size of

the

exterior

other

beyts

The

or

game,

usually placed

is

row

sometimes,

of

first four.

from

"

Or,

flat

the

each

in

beyts

brick, about

the

of

sists
con-

letters.

dingy

beyt

in

or

playing

of

mode

of nine

exterior

one

or

tile.

or

certain

of

ground,

it

or

nine, eleven, thirteen,

the

seega

beyts by

stone,
each

brick

the

the

the

in

called

squares,

wide

inches

seven,

shew

To

row.

of

rows

two

made

usually

are

four

about

of holes

rows

fifteen,in each
I shall

into

board, divided

XVII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

tab,

thrown
one

") :
or

two,
of

the

Chap.

XVII.

players belongs the

that

of a,

thrown
he

has

two,

he

the
from

I, which

kelb

in

beyt I.

from

commences

its

beyt

removal.

The

places

called

*'

Nasrdnee

to

kelbs

kelb

sellem

throws

player

until

he

has

circulate

in

in

kelbs

the

belongs
kelb

the

he

of the

order
K

same

round

player

has

other

instance,
has

thrown

take

one

tab

the

his
in

kelb

if

will
of

his

o,

or

two

by

be

the

to

and

the

has

throw

in

beyts

as

case,

he

except

in

latter

ever
Whenwhich

throws,
kelb

in

the

beyt
the

then

four, and
;

into

takes

is

there

hereafter.

his

two

single

repeat the

kelb,

same

in ", and

of

of

long

the

kelbs, he

another

then

in

move

kelb

(to

whom

to

person

either

as

more

or

more

suppose

rows

mentioned

two

to

distinguished them,

row,

but

opponent's

(or one), and

in

row

him

party

one

in

have

then

may

circulate

any

of

Muslim,
them

the

I have

that

time

us

him

prepared

middle

two

and

s;

that

enables

one

that

")

of

kelb

Let

time.

adversary's

to

or

made

occupied by
For

kto

which

throw,

may

by which

from

continue

circumstances

player

the

through

remaining

not

said

beyts A, B, C, "c., is circulating

enter

or

singular,

Muslims

*'

is

makes
thus

simple)

original

Each

and

same

more

letters

S, and

to

kelb

does

it

moves

froiQ

any

of

row

the

at

aslam."

"

so,

Each

beyts.

description

kelb,

all

it

such

privileged

are

(or

Muslim,

generally

them

circulation

the

make

the

kelb

each

the

in

kelb

their

they
"

Muslimeen

"

tdb, he

made

when

manner,

before

from

the

in

remove

(or Christians,

removal,

the

of

can

tab

removal

"

made

;" and

party

and

commence

like

in

the

at

it

places

party,

again

four

always

by throwing

contest,

has

person

and

has

one

him,
and

tab

must

other

before

after

the

He

Neither

Nasara

"

and

") ;

commence

when
"

are

The

other,

throws

Supposing

beyt I,

is Q.

but

original place

then

thrown

from

i.

this

done

have

kelb

the

to

alternately until

three.

or

to

heyt
the

from

two,

game,

removes

seventh

with

the

has

who

brought

of

beginning

he

beyts A, B, C, "c.

first throw

They

and

of

row

c, "c.

h,

tab

until

51

GAMES.

latter.
and

former

two,

beyt

the
m,

the

he

then, by the

the
has
may

throw

52

of

four, take

and

take

of his

third

suitable

kelbs

these

two

he

or

were

play

with

himself
into

his

own

but

one

he

until

he

called

throws

tab.

as

be

seen

pass

one

of

it there

play
his

in

soon

what

by
his

with

the

kelb

which

remaining in
'eggeh in his row,

an

enables

him

adversary's beyts,
which

I have

the

by

he

row,

or

more

persons

four,

makra'ah,^ which
with

two

or

When

player

is

three

first.

he

and
is

piece

"

the

to

has

only
alone

the

for

the
"

only,

rows

is often

of

He
a

Wezeer,

mikra*'ah."

played

When

thicker

the

kelb

same

seega.

end

by

passed through

Sultan.

thick

his

letters

the

game

the

pronounced,

into

he

have

the

of

middle

two

six, he is called

commonly

to

kelb

tdb, which

it has

This

in

he

pass

without

of

continue

until

unless

order

the

called

leave

continue

row

as

party

may

to

circulating through

after

through

at

back

cannot

splits made

throws

Thus

row

In
the

He

them.

as

bring

throw

not

in

proceeds

manner

to

or

row;

'eggeh.

it

want

that

is

either

cannot

entered

are

safety

he

wait

may

them

If

row,

not

cannot

does

adversary's

throws

I)erson

he

circulates

same

four

the

marked

again into his

that

and

(either

united

of

follows.

does

own

thus

situation

however,

has

his

divide

to

he

as

former,

kelb

no

in

he

uniting

so

back

single kelb

throw

adversary's

latter

the

The

row.

circulate

in

long

as

it, because

own

his

into

to

kelbs

immediately

kelbs

safety

reduced

and

avail

bring them

already passed

more

possible

as

If he

to

if

as

tab.

object of

The

together,

throw

of such
or

any

again,

made

become

Two

unite

may

them

third,

them

have

they

to

and

divide
he

has

himself

"'eggeh."

will

he

which

avail

place them

cannot

separately, unless
which

he

thus

one

own

add

may

by

may,

move

of his

another

circulate

and

player

throws,

he

them

he

more

manner,

to

but

not

an

like

together),they

need

or

into a,

of tab, pass

one.

two

or

kelbs,

through

row

separately or
but

in

throw

contain

it

third

them
of

if

beyt occupied by

add

throw

and, by the

throw,

together,
of

they

kelb

into

may

number

in

of

means

that

XVII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

one

holds

palm-stick,
part
and

of

it.

holds

Chap.

XVII.

the

stick

blows

more

of

his

foot,

When

the

or

tab

the

him

gives

Wezeer

soles* of

blow,

order),
with

feet,

six,

Whenever

may

both

twice

throws

thrown.

are

Sultdn

as

many

player

the

two,

(as

the

which

against

throws

person

53

GAMES.

or

the

on

sole

makra'ah.

is both

he

two

or

the

and

Sultan

Wezeer.
of

Many

the

themselves

with

be

may

this

is

number

in

called

of five

the
the

in

holes,

each,

from

third,

the

in

amuse

which

"seega,"
it consists

each,
:

second,

in

employed

the

each

;" the

tis'awee."

"

in

holes

seega

tab

in

of nine

rows

the
seega

the

of
made

of five

frequently

The

that

generally

khamsawee

"

of

that

words.

few

rows

also

Egypt

called

nine,

or

of

game

different

of

commonly,

and

described

game

seven

fellaheen

ground
the

first

the

"

khamsawee

most

seven

or

of

rows

of

kind

is

seb'dwee

;"

is

seega

here

represented.

OOQOO
QOOOQ
CBODO"

ooaoG
OO0OO
Seega.

holes

'i'he
*'

In

'eyn ").

The

called

are

this

players have

in

the

game

of the

in

the

'eyns

marked

marked
the

'eyns

seega.
*

occupy

6, h

The

All

the

each

twelve

tdb.^
a,

One

then

they

'eyns except

one.

the

(or

are
"

the

manner,

in

eyes,

kelbs," similar

of them

other

central
require

the

singular

twent3''-five in

puts

the

one

two
two

of

used

of his

kelbs

his

those
any

of

'eyn of the

being thus
number

in
in

kelbs

central

sufficient

number.

those

to

places two

choose, except

but

like

"

alternately place

may

'eyns

larger seeg^s, in
all the

they

seega,

they

that

'oyoon

"

occupied
of

kelbs

to

54

THE

(most

of the

The

kelbs

placed

2^arty who

begins

'eyn into
made

now

his

by

him,

the
be

vacant

way

and

next

his

adversary

aim

is to

place

shall

of

of his

be, between

kelbs.

This, by

immediately

in

of

of the

most

the

cut

the

the

Arabs

who

have

who
the

boatmen,
and

other, for
with

feet

long

the

head.

seen

in

the

when

night
matches

**

The

nebboot

hand
a

which,
are

of

is

however,

are

^'musare',")strip
drawers,

and

thick

formidable

particularly
is

called

musare'een,"

themselves

generally

of

all

oil

their

their

five

or

six

or

adversary

on

is often

and

usuall}^ carries
he

travels

Egypt
in

the

the

batants
com-

singular

clothing
bodies

by

Wrestling-

case.

in

witnessed
"

he

when
the

seldom

sometimes

his

with

trifling wager

weapon,

peasant

ing
row-

almost

contend

staves,

strike

to

Egyptian

an

journey

also

is

each

of

in
of

burdens

for

are

Egyptians,

labour

peasants
or

much

bodily strength:

severe

carry

two

which

nebboots,"

the

for

very

amusement,

mere

object

(who

their

Sometimes

been

require

as

among

porters

the

travellers.

uncommon

the

and

are

Pyramid, by

Great

diversions

instance, undergo

the

on

such

to

does

have

seegas

of the

guides

as

very

weight.

eward,

it

for

summit

he

foresight is requisite

Several

"

can

that, though

remarked

random,

at

he

as

These

"

there

adversary's

means,

move.

generally remarkable

towing,

incredible
each

are

however,

are,

the

or

games,

to

kelbs,

that

long

as

by such
be

remainder.

on

and

It will

served

bodily exertion,

takes

sequent
sub-

on

the

of

of his

his, one

adversary

placed

the

stones

Gymnastic

his

are

of

of

and

circumstances.

situation

to

open

or

done

disposal

such

capture

game.

kelbs

disposal

upon

another

allowing

only rules

another

doing, he

so

make

without

80,

it and

first

in

kelbs

is also

by similar

the

'eyn

removing,

by

so,

This

tiguous
con-

occupied

those

of

give him,

do

required

from

party, if the

one

to

kelbs.

own

of his

one

"ny

must

party, after

each
any

to

latter

kelbs

other

not

occasions, when
The

The

is commenced.

game

his

of

one

XVII.

Chap.

the

random),

at

moves

the

losing,one

EGYPTIANS.

central.

kelbs, desires

thus

MODERN

but

except
their

Chap.

XVII.

exercises

On

usually clad
and

sabre
neither

received
The

of the

game

it

in which

or

that

on

of

bull, which

latter

saint,

and

mounted

them

;
or

more

less

in

length,

tall

stick, freshly
full

but

and

man,

length

gereed

after

another,

and
*

both

and

player

of

of

and

my

last

place,

and

whom

arm

has

and

had

Thebes,
taken

lower

head

the

person
fine
my

of the

end

one

is

most
fore-

terrible,

whom

the

man,

at

often

gereed

small

as

palm-

back,

The

against

service

of

challenger

inflicts

athletic

or

height

or

left.

none

from

more

possible ;

as

his

at

the

to

selves
them-

four, five,

two

or

the

near

into

person

challenges

hand,

sometimes

batants
com-

person

part

pursues

with

The

at

length

villages,

each

party,

in

as

of

party being

inch

or

will, by

I'he

and

left

ox

tomb

each

an

is thrown

It

residence

him

he

fatal, wounds.^

the

sap)

the

or

it

different

or

the

of

village ;

or

calf

apart.

other

throws,

until

ends.

uplifted

even

During

full

approaches

arm's

at

more

(being

tribe

often

parties station

two

six feet,

heavy

cut, and

within

blunt

number

generally equal

very

he

gallop :

in

or

the

towards

gereeds, each

six,

latter, taking, in his

the

of

one

feet

tribe

of

The

mare.

or

gallops

party

one

more

or

hundred

five

about

branches

is

meat.

parties, of

two

Upper

marriage

at

its

with

of

where

pasture

manner

It

votive

and

the

but

sacrificed

made

of

or

horse

to

be

to

feast

twenty

or

on

is

Memlooks

the

of

when

or

loose

is about

tribes

twelve

about

blow

every

peasants

of

Sheykh

let

public

different

of

with

witnessed

description.

occasion
the

as

usually consist
or

the

of

of

the

on

been

has

described

many

circumcision

consent,

common

men,

armed

the

played by

worthy

more

influence, such

of

adversary

been

often

practised by

the

played by
person

is

much

is

Egypt

each

unfrequently

his

gereed," as

"

soldiers, has

Turkish

two

shield.

the

on

between

and

not

are

wound

to

attempts

combats

drawers,

shield,

small

their

in

only

but

performed

festivals, processions,"c.

of

mock

seldom

are

occasions

the

on

occasions, too,

such

and

remarkable,

not

are

remuneration,

for

55

GAMES.

best

the

gereed-

nightly guard,

56

gereeds

thrown

are

them

with

off

them

escapes
sustained
he

This

in

settled

life

his

loses

is

festivals
in

described

received

lost

his

downwards

which

very

he
life.

delirious

was

The
into

gereed
his

neck.

in

that

late,

have

Lower

the

man

heard

Egypt,

described,

little

or

the

of

and

performed,

frequently

will

spectators,

be

pages.

wound

severe

less

amusement

subsequent

men

hour,

"

above

close

the
three

an

In

who

game.

are

the

for

those

this

playing

exercises,

at

length

the

in

used

Other

cure

half

place.

of

About

of

for

consequently

however,

least,

at

taking

occurrence

only

more,

exercise

and

centuries,

country,

seldom,

is

It

old,

tribes
few

within

game

"

continues

have

this

been

him.

of

habits.

to

this

at

Thebes.
this

in

such

no

gereed

of

visit

has

those

who

party,

against

than

and

did

among

and

former

killed

plain

ile

his

he

tournaments

more

customs

my

were

mare

western

only

of

period

the

Bedawee

not

or

Having

of

Bedawees,

only

common

of

the

early

years,

banks

many

the

is

many

the

on

retained

and

It

been

not

the

latter

he

or

horse.

whom

ward

to

or

station

by

the

of

us

of

game

the

XVII.

sword

his

of

person
as

reminds

hours.

have

the

manner

same

speed
at

them,

sheathed

arrived

against

which

was

several

of

the

sport,

which

of

skill

with

or

and

catch

to

superior

attack,

his

pursued,

arm

the

by

the

tries

endeavours

his

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

at

for

many

struck

this

game

hours
him

;
in

and

had

of

consequence

little

before

difficulty

some

his

it, and
ear,

and

had

to

effect

nearly

penetrated

58

THE

arid

how

Greek
the

nmch

the

writers, is well
of

system

Indian,

the
and

the

names

treatises.

but

most

of

of

the

borrowed

are

is

which

have

melodies
case

of

for

Spain

treatises

is

heard

small

softness

to

they
and

generally

are

observed

in

Most

of

of

similar

and

notes, which
which
that

refined

kind

of

and

the

not

made

pleased

am

also

This

with

is most

observable

airs

in

x\rabic

are

generally

every

in the

airs

though,
in

of

some

at

the
common

more

they

the

music

difficult
seldom

the

those

of
of

the

of

of their

lines

of

of

fessional
pro-

only

song,

times.

must

in

the

style,

in

Egyptian

the

chants.

music

more

Egypt

more

time, I must

and

art.

though

consisting

same

ballads

which

therefore

delight

refined

peculiar

are

occasionally hear
to

sounds.

music

many

great

habituated

remarkable

but

two

or

one

repeated
take

give

Egyptians,

systems

musicians,

are

simple

which

music

it ;

the

very
for

serve

of

I have

of

regular study

of

Hence

European

Arab

respects, to the

most

I become

more

of

system

number

instrumental

and

therefore

are

confess

is the

Arabs

Arab

sound

and

exactness,

popular

the

of

the

of

the

the

gradations

vocal

performers,
few

this

many

thirds.

plaintive character

with

character,

in

iu

deficient

are

have

the

airs

popular

the

contains

against

performances

the

who

persons

the

that

among

into

tones

urge

delicate

discriminate

to

of

musicians

the

surprising

Escurial

*There

the

of

of

musicians

many

some

peculiarity

division

that

Arab

languages,

between

cultivated

of the

mooseeka,"

"

art.

Egyptian

These

it is not

much

Indian

derived

are

instruments

by the

and

Egypt

remarkable

the

of music

in

musical

for

Persian

from

language

used
and

them

among

music, namely,

similarity

library

this

on

most

music

of

Greek

formed

they

partly

Arab

terms

Persian

tiie

was

the

the

of

heard

music

for

term

Spain ;^and

and

The

the

technical

striking degree

From

and

ancient

of

that

prevailed

Greek,

some

from

has

works

appears

from

general Arabic

most

It

which

partly

the

profited by

known.

music

centuries

many
and

former

XVIII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

state

but

it is

Chap.

XVIII.

that

I have

the

not

with

of

'*

thy voice
The

the

in

1" and

similar

and

and

hired

with

and

brandy,

but

often

they
There

called

'Awalim

;"

evidently,
word

"a

of

Psalm

harps

"

or

girls."
in

old

Egypt
*

last

times,
were

Often,

in

such

"

they

sing,

for

three

or

The

times
some-

strike

nor

them

of

one

shillings;

guests generally

"

adapted

to

virgin,"

it

celebrated
The

"
"

Hebrew
and

"

in

an

!"

;'*

"

"

alma

of

the

Chron.

is,

and

singing

"

the

Punic

probable that,

singing-girls

are

unusually

song,"

in

be

to

seems

ticularly
par-

(the title

(in

"

Phoenician

sheer"
"

"

singers,

virgin,'*and

'almdhs,*' that

'Awalim

Allauh

are

'Alimeh

"

or

rendered,

that

says

pronounced

"

*al-'aMm6th
be

most

out, thus

These

female

'Al-*alam6th

"

not,

Jerome

cases,

which

these

the

nebalim

"

Phoenicians,

syllabledrawled

the

literally signifying
to

girl

"

girl."

like,

the

ever,
how-

amuse

'Al'meh,"or

word,

from

doubt

signified

putable
disre-

usually supplied

more.

"

applied

as

derived

and

as

to

are

two

singular,

Arabic

but,

the

And

language

in the

singing

20) should,

XV.

very

are,

professional singers.

signifying

xlvi.)

of

sum.

think,

'almdh,"

"

about

to

mental
instru-

both

They

each

to

considerably

an

female;'*

learned

player

scarcely less

as

longer

paid

female

appellation, as

an

"

also

preserve

people

are

they

no

can

equal

receive

are
"

is

the

and

Aldteeyeh ;"

"

entertainments,

commonly

contribute

They

spirituous liquors,

they

night's performance

called

generally

are

occasions

other

sum

God

"

public dancers.

grand

until

The

the

these

or

drink

chord.

than

on

!"

"

regarded

are

most

at

rally
gene-

vocal

properly signifies

they

but

and

characters

their

tions
frequent exclama-

thee

are

performers.

are

expressions.

;"

vocal

Egypt

of

with

approve

Alatee,"which

"

habits

company

God

"

enjoy if in

who

of

performances

professional musicians

instrument

dissolute

natives

they applaud

!"

singular,
an

upon

Allah

male

The

the

musicians

Europeans

many

myself.

as

enraptured
instrumental

with

met

degree

same

59

MUSICIANS.

often

broad

hired

manner,

and

in
on

the

60
the

occasion

There
"

is

of

hareem,

in

which

of

the

the

female

But

generally

sit in

the

of the

window

of the

of them

other

any

often

very

equal

to

highly

from

much

the

wealth.

of their

So

Cairo,

afford
few

of

"

to

who

misapplied

that

;" having

also

hareem

of

"

common

dancing-girls, of

another

chapter

because

these

case)
The

the

exercise

Egyptians

their

have

art

great

house

the

they

when

is

of
of
of

of the

height
they

*Awalim

inferior

an

'*

in

tion
appella-

class, whohave

(as

be

have

may

has

been

of

the

musical

in

given
done

so

this

assume

prohibited by
variety

often

'al'meh," ,to the

will

account

or

single

which

occasionally
so

the

in

the

meaning

themselves
do

literary accomplishments.

some

an

work

this

generally
of

alme,"

sums

for

hence, travellers

whom

of

are

sitiging

sums

among

of

many

than

persons

the

altogether unworthy

not

girls

are,

more

They

were

her

the

performances

audience,

upon

There

lose.

of

her

lavish

often

name

appellation,and

been

in

of

Some

instances

effect

at

truly add,

contributors

'Al'meh,

in the

the

the

hear

heard

enjoyed.

known

is the

are

dance

work.

best

entertainment

an

of

females

There

sometimes

at

they

have

ever

have

powerful

are

learned

have

guests,

I have

I may

I think

I
I

none

excitement,

ill

the

that

guests

accomplished

very

with

his

sit

fifty guineas being collected

where

merchant,

than
so,

paid.

than

and

with

usually

by the latticeCairo,

sight

to

case,

in

more

music

more

'Armeh

songs

and

this

place

apartment,

performers.

'Awalim
their

lower

in

who,

instrumental

Alateeyeh,

with

in

or

of

the

present
male

of

party

screen

from

be

he

convenient

concealed

be

concealed

hareem,

with

of the

court,

called

principal saloon

the

other

some

should

is

'Awdlim,

celebrated

charmed

is

wealth.

of

person

separated only by

may

house,
there

the

also

are

most

can

the

when

women.

songs

singers

of

master

there

or

apartment,

adjoining

it is

which

from

of

elevated

small,

lattice-work

wooden

hareem

mughanna,"

"

or

the

XVIII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

in

fete

generally

tukeyseh,"

of the

MODERN

THE

often

the

ment.
govern-

instru-

Chap.

XVIII.

Those

ments.

the

are

"Ms

kemengeh

"

and

Persian,

which

of

This

I insert

The

lucida.

cocoa-nut,

of which

is

with

pierced

strained
called
is of

"

and

bottom

the

pegs

their

and

the

to

chords
are

body

Over

the

the

neck

and

half

stick

through
*

this

friend

work

instrument,
called

in

is

generally

(a

the

at

of

native

printed,
being

Egypt by

of

has

Egypt)

that

"

ash.
of the

head

general

any

other

would

Arabic

name

than

name

is

"

for

with

passing
the

by

and

since

me,
more

hokkah."

Called

"*

Si'ed," or'

"

"

Melawee

"

Weter."

"

"

arm."

;" singular,
"

melwi."

"

"

Ribit."

round

engraving.

the

It

is

"

Ghazal."

"

Khazneh."

"

Seekh."

"

Kos."

for
heard

never

also

i"

by

first edition
term

proper

viol ; but

kemengeh."

passed

secured

Syria.
2

the

thirty-four inches

bow-stick

be

with

its peg.

to

horse-hairs,

to

two

end,

lengthened

is tied,

the

sounding-

junction

The

observed
"

rabab

the

their

it

lower

the

is attached

of

are

iron

of

the

at

is

is shewn

form

Its

length.

pegs"

the

ring, just

bow^^

At

Each

below

The

neck*

into

leather*'

of

instrument.

in

hole

was

band

The

is inserted

horse-hairs

below

is

silurus,"

foot''^is of

inches.

it

It

head,* in which

The

each

it

of

"

genus

is

off.

cut

front

the

and

which

here

cylindrical form.

The

extremity,

little

double

the

iron

an

camera-

is

bridge.'

ivory.

five

or

gut,^ by

chords,

of

of

the

and

ivory.

sixty

other

the

gut-strings, a

The

to

lamb's

of

of

about

attached

piece

of

ivory

also

four

of

of

towards

and

been

of the
the

rests

the

others

sounding-body''

Over

fish

the

which

part has

sounding-body,

depth

consists

they

is

heads,

of

piece

the

through

neck,

ivory

inserted,

are

passes

it is

of

of

this

upon

with

inlaid

The

holes.

skin

the

bayad ;"

the

kemengeh

fourth

small

many
of

ebony

beech

about

piece

the

with

is

signifies

all

and

drawn

thirty-eight inches.

is

represented

which

name,

"kemangeh,"

I have

of

length

nay."

"

Its

viol.

instrument,

engravings,

total

of

written

properly

more

private ooncerts

at

'ood," and

"

kind

bow-instrument."

"a

in

kanoon,"

"

used

generally

are

kemengeh,"

"

The

which

61

INSTBUMENTS.

MUSICAL

thus

of

this
it

called

Kemengeh.

Chap.

XVIII.

and

knot,

attached

tightened
the

through
at

of

kemengeh,

the

and

chord

the

to

[jerformers
I

which

site

kinoon,

or

hand

of

with

expert

whom

on

the

opposite
sits

hand

he

the

bow

as

is

from

are

and,

of

him

(that is, facing,)

performer

on

who

the

from

one

the

of

the

the

represent
at

seen

kemengeh

performs

the

latter,

the

'ood

sixty

except

they

on

on

drawings

generally

performer

ring

holds

those

Together,

such

paasoa

about

and

niy,

are

performer

which

camera-lucida,

musicians.

The

the

of

kemengeh

and

'ood,
the

right

another

introduced,

band,

Egyptian

through

in

the

ring,

which

sketch

iron,

an

leather

passing

turns

entertainment.

usually

In

kinoon,

of

manner

sketch

made

very

ordinary

private

the

have

last, from

he

The

on

the

to

and

insert

bow.

other,

round.

degrees

band

shew
the

end

mentioned

bow.

to

instrument

an

the

other

by

ring just

foot

the

the

at

slackened

or

63

INSTHDMENT8.

MUSICAL

on

and

on

the
next

the
left
to

()4

THE

last is the

this

and

The

is

inch

an

Its

have

seen.

three

quarters
inches

two

and

face*

The

and

beech;

chords

bridge*'is

The

the

of

of

is

rests
feet
is

five

are

of the

glued

above
of

and,

that

of

similar

oblong apertures,
A

this

over

part
of

parts

piece

mentioned

lamb's

gut.

the

face

skin

the

which

with

mother-of-pearl.

instrument

with

instrument

is

G6z."

"

"

Dahr."

"

Soor,"

"

"

Mistarah."

"

"

Enf,"

Meliwee."

"

i"

"

Rakmeh."

"

"

Kibleh."

"

"

"

Shemseh,"

**Owtar;"

"

or

in the

stin."

singular,

"weter."

Wishsh,"

wood,

for

or
"

Faras,"

weg-h."

nose."
"

or

inlaid

with

wall."

"

or

"

note

shortest

played

''

rest

chords"

The

"

wide,

apertures

each

to

walnut-

five

bridge
The

chords

bridge
the

five

skin.

"

'

the

inches

treble-chords.

is veneered
The

the

of

pierced

with

the

cover

three

are

altogether, twenty-four
of the

likewise

of the

face

angle

which

feet

of

reddish

acute

skin,*" nine

five

the

of

of

corresponding

slightly depressing
There

wood*

upon

is

poplar-wood.

part

wood,

of fishes'

and

of

are

the

towards

are

edge, through

central
of

the

sides*

inserted*

are

pegs'

mental
orna-

drawn,
the

is

made

some

have

its interior

piece

of the

of

of deal

the

and

pegs

The
In

part

side**

"

along

depth

is sometimes

which

the

circular

piece

bridge.

those

upon

are

In

deal.

holes

is another

holes.

with

which

passed.

fine

instrument

face

in

its

I
and

inches

exception

kind

which

others

inches

strument
in-

taken

was

thirty-nine

the

fine

ridge

are

colour, pierced with

the

of

are

is the

with

same

The

given

kanoon

instrument

piece

so

the

which

the

back'*

the

and

beech.

of

wood,^

the

has

some

sixteen

The

is from

name

and

here

is

length

its breadth,

In

parts.

are

after
here-

"custom."

than

longer

one-tenth.

and

Its

"law,"

engraving

two

or

of walnut-

entirely

the

greatest

there

mentioned

be

origin ;

same

is, "rule,"

which

from

will

dulcimer.

of

the

from

signification; that
is, perhaps,

kind

or

Kavwv,

Sometimes

ndy.

singers.

two

"

kanoon

"

the

on

XVIII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

instruments

whose

often,

Greek

the

performer

musicians,

other

MODERN

mare.''

two

THE

plectra;'
hand.

plectram

one

Each
is

thimble*

is

placed

formed

of

the

on

the

player,

The

has

commonly
by

which

is

source

whence
'

Each

the

more

than

me

lute, which

for

by

the

instrument

shewn

aa

hands

of
other

any
;

"wood"),
are

plectiam

beat
Its

Arab

and

to

played

the

derived

mnsicians,

article

the
"

the

with

is

the

by
a

skilful

Egyptian
a

band

leesheh."

terms

el

it is

signification

in
*

most

is celebrated

and

prefixed
liuio

plectrum.

instrument

(the original

name

with

is called

is

centuries

many

the

poets.

numerous

Under

accompaniment

an

is

been
used

performer

in

or

accession.

"'ood"

This

the

pleases

without

important

an
'

of

The

"

ring,

silver,

or

eacb

bnfialo's

of

and

brass

of

sketch.

the

inserted.

kinoon

instrument

in

knees

here

engraving

piece

piece

finger

the

of

forefinger

thin

small,

flat

the

to

between

represented

placed

attached

plectrum

and

horn;

EQYPTIAira.

MODERN

to

it, is

Italian,
"

KiBhtiwon."

lutk

of

the

in

MUSICAL

lute

French,

by
button,

The

body

ebony

the
On

edge.
are

or

one

in

the

ISSTHDMENTS.

"c.

English,

The

of the

of

is

it

neck,
the

large
'

face
and
See

of

faced

ebony,
the

note

body

small

two
a

fine

of

to

the

'ood

with

instrument,

shemseha'

d"scriptiaD of the

of

ebony,

kinaon.

the

half.

edges, Ac.,
and

box

sented
repre-

from
and

inches

deal, with

of the

the

measuring

neck, is twenty-five

composed

of

of

length

engraving,

aocompanying

angle

"

an

in

is

of

ebony
which

glued

68

-THE

piece
the

of

fishes'

akin,'
is

plectrum

worn

double
The

strings;'
order

of

of

the

lowest

chord

of

the

highest

scale

above

The
in

then

first):

the

plectrum'
which

shewn
The
ments

it

by
"

is

and

the

"

seventh,
slip

of

'cod

is

which
I

Rakmeh."

is

"c.

vulture's

the

itself

feather.
held

are

gut.
double
to

the

the

former

as

and

The
the

by

seven

in

next

(that is, counting

third.
manner

is

performer

sketch.
the

fourth

mentioned

have

violins,

our

the

corresponds

which

being

lamb's

of

are

second, fourth, sixth,

accompanying

private concerts,
'

in

fifth

the

the

nAy,"

which

is

that

-nhich

to

has

singular

is

XVIU.

from

wood

They

note.

is

chords

instrument

chords

note

the

The

each

note

of the

part

prevent

double

these

this

to

to

chord

the

that

under

plectrum.

two

Chap.

EQTPTIAS8.

applied,
the

by

away

HODBBN

kind

as

of flute.
'

"

Owtar."

and
most

last

of

the

commonly

There

are

'

several

"Reeshfli,"

instniused

at

kinds

Chap.

XVIII.

MCBICAL

oSI

INaXRUMENTS.

of

niy, differing from

else.

The

been

called

the
"

most

of

mimahide,"

length,

extremity,

pierced- with
hole
on

is

at

the

six

instrument
and

The
the

shews

n"iy

is
the

in

held

but

instrument

here

in

represented.

reed, about
in

of

front,

sketch
most

the

accompany

inch

an

quarters

holes

back.

the

of

three

to

simple

but

dimensionB,

little
It

has

of

the

flii1

darweesh's

seven-eighths
and

that

is

darweeshes,
It

in

other

common

the

"zikra"

each

an

and

which
usual

sometimes
inclined

songs

diameter

inch

at

with
of

in

manner

left

the

it

is

another

performer

which

hand

in

upper

lower,

the

I insert

towards

the

at

generally

the

inches

eighteen

this

is uppermost,

right

arm

of

70

THE

the

performer,

by

blowing,
the

against
wind

instead

of

through

sounds

force,

the

hands

of
it

but

tones;

small

at

Egypt

These

sticks

kinds

of the

kind

the

has

double

which

which

frame
and

thirty-two

of

wood,

of

back

the

name

is

kemengeh.

public
poetry.

reciters
The

twenty-eight
This
of the

reciter

of this

"

chords

of

has

sides

wire,

is beaten

with

inches
which

in

the

inches

romance

rabab

in

it will

The

body

is covered
foot

is

always

is called

used

in

iron

of

to that

of

the

by

sha'er

The

chanting
"

of

v^th.

kemengeh.

Aboo-Zeyd,

be

kind, having

long, is similar
is

(or
The

one.

but

length.

the

"

this, that

but

former

The
of

el-mu-

rabdb

only

front

are

esh-sh4'er

by

There

"

latter

the

uncovered.

of

the

engraving

into

used

voice.

other
the

an

instrument
romance

it

that

opposite

two

the

chord, of horse-hairs, like those

which

called

dulcimer,

the

to

each

convertible

is

other

and

rabdb,*^ is much

"

and

give

used

plectra.

from

chords,

also

is

and

gut,

this

bear

differ

it is

It

parchment,
bow,

73, but

page

except

(the

lamb's

little

which

two

of

that

pegs.
a

of

use

one

of

accompaniment

which

is that

observed

the

is

of

one

Greeks

by

kdnoon,

yiol, called

of
an

has

former

is

to

tamboor,"

"

(or singer'sviol), and

poet's viol);
latter

the

together),

instead

of viol
"

ghannee

it

welL

concerts

chapter,

likewise

instead

chords

singers, as

two

or

lower.

or

it

private

this

mostly

but

treble

curious

the

more

gun-barrel.

similar

called

resembles

oblique,

of

instead,

two

in

musicians

equally inclining

poor

with

sound

to

at

rikk,"

"

mandoline,

in

sides

used

found

be

of

portion

called

santeer," which

two

of

practice

often

will

of

concerts

two

tiie

smaller.

foreigners.
"

made

instrument

kind

lips,

directing

higher

octave

an

the

of

blowing

By

prodnoed

are

and

tube,

XVIU.

good performer, the n^y yields fine, mellow

tambourine,

rather

tube.

sounds

aperture

orifice of the

requires much

engraving

an

The

small

produced

are

ndy is sometimes
Another

tlie left.

the

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

very

the

of

edge

chiefly within

less
In

MODERN

"

the

(or

Chap.

XVIII.

poet) ;
and

"

MUSICAL

and

the

hence

the

Aboo-Zeydee

instrument
viol."

Bab"b

instrument;
raMb
The

and

another

processions

of

used

darweeshes,

is called
The

shd'er

"

the

poet's viol,"

himself

this

uses

esli-Sh4'er.

performer

on

the

same

kind

of

him.

generally accompanies
instruments

71

INSTRUMENTS.

in

wedding-processions,

"c.,

are

and

chiefly a hautboy,

the

called

72

"

kinds

is, Egyptian
The

military

drum
is

latter

and

diameter,
is

it

fixed

the

to

these

in

"c., in Cairo.

feet,

or

foot

the

and

hand,

by

little

beaten

by the

stick.

They

attract

attention

these

to

in

pleasing

sound

the

upon

the

the
the

in

the

with

The
his

than

in

cry
"

dancers.

thumb

is used

bdz

They
and
castanets

sdg^t,"
Each
are

nights
used

are

dancer

attached,

second

the

by

the

each

or

;"

the

back

left

strap,

and
or

of

by

the

by

ivory.

to

Kamaddn.

have

public
pairs of

two

and

"kas,'-on

Musahhir,

has

finger;

of wood

the

b^

"

in

called

are

who

begging,

called

leathern

short

attached

in

and

of

centre

nearly

person

is held

which

cymbals,

use

to

which

two

right.

kettle-drum,

or

sions
dimen-

is about

camel,

on

the

smaller,

which

placed

of

in form

unequal

larger

placed
is

of

the

pilgrimage,

similar

are

of

diameter

projection

male

the

in

(in

most

the

and

that

little tabl,

instruments.

string,

represented

in

religious processions, "c.,

brass, called

of

and

The

also

occasions.

female

are

right hand,

similar

Castanets

and

They

inches

seven

rings

two

have

with

of

(or face)

larger

use

performer

to

seen

but

rides.

of

or

sphere

saddle, upon

make

centre

nakdkeer,"

"

of copper,

part of the

fore

in

six

of

half.

Darweeshes,
often

called

connected

both

in diameter

the

bridal-procession, and

generally

are

are

surface

more,

them

beats

They

flat

the

in

in vol. i. p. 72.

two-thirds

about
:

to

of

religious processions

great

each

sketch

in

attached

inches

The

with

copper,

sticks.

string

obliquely.

hung

depth

instrument.

nakkdrah,")

"

in

common

our

sixteen

about

four

large kettle-drums,

of

singular,

by

is

that

Syrian

(or

to

of tinned

slender

the

of

engraving

pair

than
two

the

It

generally

neck,

edge

drums

another

is

more

his

to

kind

most

drum,

"

Shdmee

deep.

so

the

(or country

similar

which

of

tabl

"

kettle-drum,

with

beaten

suspends

of

not

of

not

It

face.

parchment
and

but

kind

the

is

"

beledee

and

former
;

tabl

"

drum),

drum).
The

the

are

drums,

of

XVIII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

kinds

several

and

zemr,"

common

MODERN

THE

loop
a

more

of

74

HODEBN

THE

with

mother-of-pearl
is here

description
inches

in

length

and

lai^er extremity,
nnder

the

passes

over

Like

the

left
the

of

An

also

from

used

boatmen

of

by

another

which

kind

as

by boatmen

used

the

ndy,

sounds
the

at

double

zikrs.

Both

those

of the

; and

bag-pipe.

is sometimes,

but

of

of

is

reed

these

earthen

This,

in

its

of

instead

employed,

is

likewise,

harsh

pipes produce

Egypt

of

other, and

the

bag-pipe (" zummirah

rarely, seen

is

arghool ;"

"

resemble

much

latter

kind

rude

it

The

lliere

the

than

This,

length.
their

to

bass.'

sometimes

and

in hareems

others.

pipe, called

continuous

or

just

earthen

zummarah."^

longer

much

that

an

used

feet in

two

"

reed

is

reeds

drone,

that

size than

called

the

near

from

story-tellersand

pipe,

of

the

of

one

serves

reed

hands.

both

use

accompaniment

an

as

that

of dar^bukkeh

form

often

to

placed

given.

very

half

low

some

double

Nile

and

foot

employ,

drum,

of it is here

larger

little in

the

at

is

beaten

kind

common

fifteen

string

with

when

sounds

more

differs

the

of
but

generally

It

by

is beaten

and

engraving

boatmen

dar^bukkeh

also

middle.

earth, and

described.

is

left shoulder

in the

made

The

generally suspended

arm;

is

fishes' skin

smaller.

the

at

open

this

of

It

t^.

piece of

t^, it yields different

edge and
is

with

oovered

the

with

XVIII.

One

tortoiae-shell, "c.

and

represented

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

sounds

of

bi-soan

")

is

bag

small

goat's skin.
I shall

close

now

Egyptian

music;

accordance

with

sung

them

to

in

the

'

The

monthpiece

The

arghool

and

sometimes

zummarah.

the

D)
with

has

; and
none

words

The
but

(A B)

of the

three

moveable

them.

airs

the

Its

these

commonly

are

are

least

are

in

note

added

are

not

always

generally similar
silly; though

as

is moveable.

zummirah

pieces
used

of

at

which

words

insert, or

is sometimes
of

they

of

specimens

few

These

songs.

embellishments

which

-which

in

manner

of

any

those

style to

C,

chiefly popular
the

same

with

chapter

by the AUteeyeh.

to

sung

without

this

to

with

mouthpiece

lengthen
only
is

one

the
or

longer
two

moveable,

of
like

tube

(A B,

these

that

of

and
the

"lid

2.

EBrthen

The

Darilbakkth.

Zomminh

is

14

Inchn

ud

Ions

Zammitab.

ttas

Acghiwl

S.

l^t

Umthptect

2J ini-hea.

76

often

with

abounding

It should

ribaldry.
"

quavering voice,

of

indecent

be

metaphors,
that

added,

or

XVIII.

with

plain

the

of

and

enunciation,

distinct

characteristics

are

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

mode

Egyptian

singing.
SONGS.

No.

Doos

lel-lee. Doos

ya

le

ya

1.

Doos

lee.

lei

ya

lee. Doos

ya

f Ffcrir'Cf^ll
^f-TrfC/ir
le

lee.

Doos

"

'EshkS

!*

Ardent

Here,

female,

gender
as

will

be

are

Some

I write

unexplained.

in the

Cairo, except

which

three

nee.

times.)

in

(three times.)
in trouble.

me

of the

they

as

education

give

In

double

letter,which

I
to

who

where

case

every

words

modern

most

verses.

bearing

occur,

one

of

object,

subsequent

Arabic

persons

in

beloved

gender

of

case

observed

the

to

words

the

joy

my

involved

ing
follow-

chorus.)

several

in

!
hath

rule

feminine

gender.

sound

with

seen

repeated after each

as

applied

the

substitute

the

lines

sometimes

is

te

line is sung

(This

Tread

beloved

in accordance

masculine

!*

of my

desire

stanzas,

fe

bee

lellee.

ya

joy

my

(The preceding

boo

fetennee."

mahboobee

Tread

mah

Doos

lellee.

ya
*

'EshkS

Arab

is, nevertheless,
translation, I

language

our

meanings,

which

represent by
instead

of

"

k,"

the

fore
theretinguishes
dis-

I leave

generally
pronounced

are

it

the

songs,

to

in

express
usual

more

hiatus.
*

which
Or

"

or

pace,
Ya

joy,
and

it

impossible
word

to

other

to

third

three

utter
:

hence

sk represents

consonants

the
a

introduction

together
of the

without

short

vowel

single letter.

strut.

lellee,"which

said

and

second
this

terminates

this

the

between

pause

of

find

Arabs

The

be
cant

is thus

synonymous
terms.

translated, is
with

"

ya

ejaculation indicative

common

farhatee.*'

It

is difficult

to

render

XVIII.

Chap.

'^

'

Ma

kuUu

Yahsib

not

every

one

Imagine

that

the

Allah

! I

By
The

lover

**

Wa-n

if the

1 will

"

obnoxious

to

el-'Arab

habeebg

el-owsaf

Min

The

perfect

And

the

And

love
the

'An

same

an^

the

and

of

were

other

some

For

"*ala-l-khilli."

For

"

The

la-aamal
famous

overthrown
to

in

me

trouble,

me.

sing,

madness.

my

afoot

hiiwahum

katta'oonee."

next

stanza

lines,to
that

require

be

measure

require
be

added

the

note

additional

an

the

at

which

transferred

to

lahu-1
saint

;"

or

is, the

rather,

Es-Seyyid

Delta.

That

involved

note, which

commencement.

should

the

be

the

last
of

commencement

line.

next

in the

lines

correct

more

hath

began

m"

of these

note

yemna'oonee.

first of the

last

the

as

This

they

if

the

line and

This

canopy.

gem* al-'awazil

Bi-s-suyooflow

is the

me

gunoonee."

have
I

habeebee

Wa-llah

her

aghannee

increased

"

to

ramoonee.

sirt

eyes

"jGema'om

.come

shawl

es-sood

of them

air

night

one

in attributes

I"

Seyyid

heart

zowwad

black

leyleh.

fetennee

h"wahum

Wa-1-hawi

duUeyleh."

Kashmeer

Wa-l-'oyoon

From

love

of my

beloved

Kamil

Seyyid

kalbee

! 0

true

the

blame.

Eashmeer

Arabs

the

make

love.

intense

Ya

'a-1-khilli

lu-1-*

to

me

And

with

of the

Sheykh

sleepeth.

inflamed

ganee

La-amal

sleep

eyes

lover

is not

Sheykh

Ya

Unite

sababeh.

whose

am

Tegmaanee

yendm.'

mughram

an^

'ala-l-'ashik melam."

Lem

Let

'oyoonuh

n4met

mea

el-'ashik

Wa-114h

77

MUSIC.

air of the

song.

Ahmad

"

la-'amiltu

For

"wa-in."

lahu-1."

"1-Bedawee,

who

is buried

'

For

"

"

For

"

at

ughannee."
gema'oo."

Tanti,

78

the

They leagued together

from

To

debar

me

By

Allah

! I will

Though
Kum

**

bi-n^

Tahta

my

dill

with

Under

the

We

will

While

Ya

"

love

of the
the

pluck

Ye

Ya

**

of value

with

pearls,

ornament

damsels

ye

walk

Ye
And

Namely,

The

this

For

'

An

For

The

to

"

"

shawl^

sweet

is that

meant

in Arab

as

is
with

"

of

side

flattened

embroidered

work,*

of

love, as

in the

of the

is

generally

the

case

when

songs.
Cairo.

Appendix, resembling

necklace

of

pearls,

"c.

head-dress.

long necklace, reaching

to

the

girdle.

'ala-1-farshi."
consists

furniture

Telee

aiiurmg

sugar.

described

each

on

kind

is used

ornament

Kashmeer

lips are

furniture

'ala-n-nehdi."

"

eyes.

here

intoxication

attached
^

black

the

expression

"

your

the

over

gheeyeh

bi-telee

of Alexandria

the

wear

bosom.

sukkareeyeh.**

Wa-ah-shefaif

Your

'

'a-1-farshi

Telbi"a^l-Eashmeer

the

over

Iskendereeyeh

ben"t

Meshyukum

'

shateh

the

zeeneh."

city ! *

kilideh," an

the

'a-n-nehdi

things

wear

And

[tree]

unconscious.

are

bi-loolee

in the

damsels

have

temeeneh

ashyi

Wa-l-kil"deh

Ye

ourselves

intoxicate

us

its mother

from

peach

Telbisu-sh-sh4teh

ye

Let

goowa-1-medeeneh

'Andakum

swords.

jasmine

reproachers

benat

pieces

'ali ummuh

min

true

shade

the

of them.^

with

ghafileeng."

! 0

us

love

neskar

el-yasameeneh

Wa-l-'awazil

Up

in

me

khillS

el-kh"Skh

Nektuf

reproachers

the

relinquiBh
cut

ya

of

crew

XVIII.

beloved.

not

should

they

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

"

is

gold

of carpets,

corruption
or

silver

of the

wire, used

"c., spread

Turkish

word

in embroiderv

upon
"

the

tel,"and

floor.
is

applied

in

Egypt

Chap.

XVIIL

79

MUSIC.

miUh

Ya

"'

kh"foo

Wa-rhamn-l-'ashik
Hobbukum

t fear

And

have

mercy

The

love

of you

The

Lord

hath

bu

ge

God,
the

on

God

by

it

against

sake

of God.

:
me.

2.

Ya

fee.

for the

lover

is ordained

decreed

*aleiya."

No.

Ya

Allah

min

^-l-Mowli

beauties

ye

li-llah.

mektoob

Eaddaru

Allah

min

bu

ge

fee.

Rah

'^'cr^\r^rt
1

ma

boo

Rah
thou

The

is gone
'^

el-mirsal

Rah

Wa-'eyn

fee.

*ad wilfee.** *

ma

thou

has

companion

my

Ya-bu-1-gelfee.

el-mahboob

long-sleeved yelek !

in the

beloved

wi

Ya-bu-1-gelfee.

"

wa-lem

in the

gashS

long-sleeved yelek

returned.

not

'

bi-terashee.*

el-hobb

Ya-bu-1-galif. Ya-bu-1-gelfee.
Ya

reyt'n^ma-nshebeknashS.
""

Ya-bu-1-gelfee, "c.'
The

the

And
0

thou

of love

eye
with
that

in the

had

we

"

is

not

returned

not

glancing.
!*

side-lock

the

Would
thou

has

went, and

messenger

thou

ensnared

been

long-sleeved yelek !

in the

long-sleevedyelek !

"c.

Wa-ley jk *eyn shebekteenfe

earahteen^

Wa-bi-1-alhaz

Ya-bu-1-galif. Ya-bu-1-gelfee.
Bi-llahi

wa-shfeen^.

rikk

Ya-bu-1-gelfee, "c."

For

'

"

The

Lem

"

;"

kaddaruh

gashS
lock

"

is for

of hair

rather,

or

which

"

lem

"

kaddarahu."
*

yegi."

hangs

over

the

for

Vulg.

temple, commonly

For

"

"

ilfee."

turashee."

called

maksoos.

80

MODERN

THE

And

why,

And

with

0 thou

0 thou

ensnared
us

in the

heal

yelekI
long-sleeved

*'

"

"

"

terhamnee

ya bedrS
Fa-inna kalbee

Habeeb5

Ya-bu-1-wardee.

"

0 my
beloved !
ill,
nothing but thy medicine.

me

desire is for

! thou

Perhaps,0 full moon

For verilymy heart
0 thou
Beloved

'andee."

khaleek

kalbee

"

hast made

yehebbak.

Ya-bu-1-wardee.

my

"c.

:
ya habeebee
kasdee illi tibbak.

'Asak

And

us.

Askamtenee
Wa-ma

Thou

yelek!
long-sleeved

in the

thou

compassion,and

! have

us

the side-lock I

with

Allah

By

0 eye I hast thon

glanceswonnded

XVIII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS,

loveth

wilt have

in the rose-coloured

"

with

Wa-sukrS

Sekirt

'

eedee

dress !

me.

akhud

el-kas

'oyoonuh.

min

an^

me

in the rose-coloured

thou

:
ganee yet'mayal
halee gufoouuh.

De-l-hobb6

Meddeyt

dress !

heart ! remain

of my

upon

mercy

thee.

Ya-bu-1-wardee,"c."
beloved

The
And

1 extended

was

thou

hand

my
intoxicated

with

me

the

eyelidswere

her

And

to

came

to take

by

vacillating
gait;

of my

cause

her

in the rose-coloured

"

eyes.
dress ! "c.

No.

^^^ir'gr
Ma

el

marr

la

wa

**

ya
Ma

marr

sa

3.

^ir r'r\

"gf

ka

ha

nee

'a-1

lee

intoxication.

the cup ;

wa-sakanee

mu

da

bee

habeebee

bee

meh

suk

ne

kar.

Nusf

kar.

sukkar.
'

'a-1-mudameh
neskar.
el-layalee
*
mahboobee
"ik
'aleiyawa-n
*
La-amal
'amayil* ma 'amilhash 'Antar.*'

Nusf

Nedren

For

"

For

"wa-in."

yetamayal."

For

"yedee."

"

"

For

''la-aamal."

"

For

"'ala-l-mudameh."

For

"'amail."

82
0

of my

tear

It

*^

saith,

Have

be

"

of him

eyes

Nedren

'aleiyawa-n

La-amal

hath

I will

do

with

mistress

my

that

deeds

intent

not, O

white

to

come

'Antar

the

on

did

shik

ra

'Antar."
I*

roses

of the

nights

festival.

me,

kari

-te-lee

J^JJjl

-ka

1-lu

yc-h

xa-----

*Ashik ra-lL mubtelee

Wakaf

4.

mub

en-ta

*'

dark-complexioned

JU.JJlJ.-^Jj^U
-

thee

upon

not.

Ko.

'A

absence.

seedee

'amilhash

two

herself

perfumed

that, if

vow

tme-loye's

thy

! and

thee

atanee

'amayil ma

Dark-complexioned, and
love

loves

cheek

XVUL

wa-h4wi-l-wardeteyni-l-beedL
fee Uyali-l-'eedL
takhallak

Asmar
Hobbee

My

of

beautiful

who

the

over

account

on

enslaved,

one

upon
the

forth

thee

drew

iocreafieth

desire

Thy

mercy

Blinded

I who

eje

Chap-

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

kal-luh

'

riyeh

enta

feyn.

feyn.

'

kissatuh

: bekyum
sttwa-l-itneyn.
sawi
le-kidi-l-htfwa-l-itneyn
yeshkum.
hobbeni
rah feyn.
Bekyu-t-teMteh wa-kaloo
Ya
helw
el-ay"dee : hawi-l-kh6kh
"l-leyl. "l-leyl.

Rahom

Entum
A

lover

He

another

saw

thou

going

stopped

They

min

went

the

to

The

three

wept,

The

night

Whence

The

afflicted

his

story
of

kadee
and

eyn

like

manner]

**

tht"u

whence

were

is
with

'Ashik yekul li-l-ham"m

"

Kal

el-hamam

Hatti

Xkhud

shebektoon^"

he

said

'^

him,

to

Whither

art

ateer

widad

lee

hands

dewy

cheeks,

instead

ensnared

ye

the

holding
us

peach !

genahak y"3m.

weg-h

wa-rga'

?"

gone

l^ultugheyr el-y6m

fi-l-gowa-azur
'am

when

h"t
batil

amrak

our

complain.

to

love

sweet

we,

together.

wept

together

Whither

night

both

they

love, both

said,

ye, and

were

[in

lemmi

min

?"
told

and

wa-hnil

eyn

en-nadee.

ya hamam

el-mahboob

fee yom.

El-leyl. El-leyl,"c"
^

The
"

dark-complexioned
For

"

ri-"h.*'

girlhas
"

For

two
"

white

bekow.

roses

her

on
""

Or,

thou

who

of red*

hast.^

Chap.

XVIIL

lover

A
The

replied,

I may

I shall
The

the

to

says

dove

That

obtain

"

The

the

rets)

of

the

often

heard

manner

by

most

W=^

and
of the

the

and

**

day."
other

Some

face

of the

will return,

day

beloved

dove,

;
:

in

style

mneddins

Al

ha

la

1"

hn

hu

il-la

mdd'nehs

the

Cairo, chanted
more

or

(or

mentioned.^

already

of this

ak

ak

day."

PRAYER.

^e

in

mena-

have

following

less similar, it is chanted

city.

Wjj^cfrgf
Al

la

said,

from

have

see

TO

repeated

call, in

in

and

year,

CALL

mosques,

this

:"

for

wings

your

I "c.

THE

call to prayer,

me

sky,

for

enough
night

Lend

affair is vain

Thy

love

"

dove,

through

soar

night

The

83

MUSIC.

Al

bar.

bar.

Al

lih

Ash

la

hu

ak

(^
"

bar.

la

hadu

la

an

F"^
14 -ha

h.

il-la-1-la

Ash

In

hadu

the

an

chapter

na

on

Mo-ham

religionand

ma

dar

laws.

ra

soolu

84

THB

l"h.

Ash

MODERN

-hadu

an

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

Mo

na

ham-ma

dar

ra

soolu

Hei

'a

ya

f^

la-s-sa

""

sa

"

l"h.

"

rtit^^-^

t"-

"

'a-la-s

ya

Hei

ZZL

^^
h.

XVIIL

*j
h.

la

221

P-

"-

"
Al

la

ha

ak

bar.

Al

/^

i"cir'cru'rir
la

hn

ak

La

bar.

OF

CHANTING

THE

la

ha

la-1

lah.

KUR-XN.

THE

The
some

following
notion

of

the

is

inserted
mode
The

with

in which

portion

the
here

chanted

in

is most

frequently repeated,namely,

chapter.

Egypt.

the

view
Kur-an

selected
the

"

of
is

conveying
commonly-

is that

Fat'hah,"

which
or

first

XVIII.

Chap.

85

MUSIC.

Moderate,

ir.-JJ\r

g^rB
hi-r-rah

smi-l-la

Bi

ee

ka

ya

la

'a

bi-1
-

mee

mi
-

kee

ta

hee

ra

ra-ta-1-mus

si

na-s

^P

i-

ni-r

ma

Ihdi

'een.

nesta

rah

aa-r

rli'

hi

la

li-1

["
rab

El-hamdu

ra-heem.

m4-ni-r
-

ma

si
-

^^
le

ta-1

r4
-

zee

na

an

'am

ta
-

ghei-ri-1-maghdoo-bi

lei-him

'a
-

j-^-^j::

Ji.i-ii

.1
.
22:

him

lei
-

wa-la-d

da
-

Ueen.

A-.
meen.

'a

86

CHAPTEE

XIX.

PUBLIC

has

Egypt
the

famous

most

Ghawdzee."^

"

and

understood
the

of

this

has

country

Their
this

Since

Women

detected

labour

for

one

or

when

more

the

man

may

day.

has

only

he

calls

which
Yes."

"

answers,

it

divorced

she

him.

from

of

expiration
has

He

her

of which

just

during
which

kept
the
she

secret

need

in

; and

obtain

be

the

He

which

the

to

have

is

been
1834.

fiftystripes

condemned

hard

to

discipline of

the

simple plan

for

says,

Will

you

marry

asks.

She

the

new

she

husband

of

period
another
is

can

her

the
for

demand

paltry
every

in

that

he

she

as

man

her

or

three

is

demanding

the

comparison
two

She

; and

'eddeh, before

only designed
with

?"

sum

her

of

sum

me

; for

man

her

divorce
small

tells her

apprehension

detected

is very

he

of

the

names

day,

next

little

being

period

by taking

also

pay

dissolved

and

sum

be

chief

year

with

words,

The

under

her

June,

and

legally marry

of

its

the

in

punished

there

**

during

cannot

case

or

wife.

contracted

above-mentioned
may

lawful

maintenance
she

been

avoiding punishment
is

his

three

?" he

much

the

amuse

female, legally,and

venal

dowry.

how

to

prostitntion

obnoxious
But

Ghaw^Lzee

kind, which, it is said, will be adopted by

two

say

and

to

are

offences.

this

The

even

of

be

to

are

are

marry
to

her

For

is then

expenses

which

"

such
of

He

money,

the

in

cases

persons.
next

gives

in

men

dancing-girls

elegance;

beginning

offences

repeated

of

generally

misapplication

noticed.

dancing

law

new

years

parties

evading punishment
many

for

the

is

common

little

female

in

government,

first offence,and

been

;"

Ghdzeeyeh

"

The

the

to

has

infringingthis

for the

bastinado

females.

"

tribe, called

is called

the

written, public

the

tribe

public streets,

dancing

was

prohibited by

the

distinct

plural Ghaw^ee

already

in

perform, unveiled,

to

public dancing-girls;

the

'Al'mehs

"

of

are

;" but

appellation

for its

of this

applying

as

rabble.

whom

female

Ghdzee

"

DANCERS.

celebrated

of

man,

of

been

long

XIX.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODKKN

THE

the

marriage

of

means

; and

wise
other-

maintenance
with

days.

that

XIX.

Chap.

pecnliarity being
from

side

but

by

their

more

of

which

MartiaP
the

of

performances
which

that

is

that

in

private

an

'anteree, and

the

wear

various

with

the

kohl

(or

fingers, the

parts of their

feet,

and

classes

higher

whose
tdr

\Ax

is

the

hareem
the

or
a

for

as,

birth

of

entertain
case,

party of

lascivious
Some
men,

(or

in the

which

exhibit

the

but

To

coloured

extinguish
sometimes

yet
J

Lib.

V.

gauze,
the
affect

Epigr. 79.

tribe),
with

the

zemr

the
the

house,

occasions

are

of

occasion

of

rake.

some

performances
have

already

before

riage,
mar-

into

hired

unfrequently
of

festivity

admitted

never

in

or

In

yet

are

to

this
more

mentioned.

private party of
shintiydn (or trousers) and a tob

full, long, wide-sleeved

very

middle

same

of

court

house

their

of

dye

the

rabdb

or

the

on

not

are

they

the

They

expected,

nothing

wear

child.

men

when

them,

of

instance,

those

than

transparent^
front.

be

might

as

in

other

and

woman.

certain

on

but

respectable hareem,

old

their

general, they

the

the

of

red

of
In

zummdrah

an

perform
door,

the

or

bordered

tips

with

of

Egypt

yelek, or

are

custom

to

materials.

toes

women.

the

in

of

their

(mostly

of

hands

street, before

the

kemengeh

with

often

the

in

the

Ghawdzee

The
the

in the

usually

and

general

musicians
are

eyes

stained

Egyptian

the dar4bukkeh

or

the

to

similar

classes

their

in

dress

handsome

of

and

hands,

usually

of

instruments

is

public

the

of the

given

consisting

coUyrixmi)

are

by

accompanied

are

with

The

middle

ornaments

hennjt, according

the

in

hareem

of -their

palms

exhibit
of the

black

have

of Gades.

shintiydn, "c.,

also

in every

energy

dancers

women

is, in the

They

may

thus

by

worn

increased

collision

rapid

more

JuvenaP

and

female

they generally

by

hips,

of decorum

spectacle exactly agreeing

descriptions which

and

of the

degree

looks, by

brass^

exhibit

they

with

commence

animated

castanets

motion^

rapid vibrating motion

very

They

side.

to

soon,

of

87

DANOINO-GIRLS.

shirt

open

least
to

gown)

or

nearly half-way

spark

of

retain,

modesty
they

"

Sat.

xi.

are

r.

of

down

which

semi-

the

they

plentiftdly
162.

o8

with

supplied
The

which

scenes

brandy

need

of

the

the

most

respects

country.
their

whole,

Many

Egypt.

of

and

and

the

as

more

they

well

the

but

as

them

or

men,

many

moet

them

of

Many

are

richly dressed.

are

Ohitsejeha)-

are

the

finest

slightly aquiline

have

resemble

they

Women,

(Chawbee,

liquor.

the

are

women

Egypt.
of

most

think

them

performances;

classes,

of

intosioatmg

described.

these

courtesans

Dincing-fHiLa

Upon

be

that

add

handsome

extremely

other

some

cannot

ensue

scarcely

abandoned

or

XIX.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODEBN

THE

rest

take

of

delight

persons

religions, disapprove

among
of

noses

females

the

in

in

women

but
of

in

this

witnessing
the

thetq.

higher

90

MODEBN

THE

(Sades

into

originally introduced

XIX.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

from

the

East, perhaps

by

Phoenicians.*

the

The

mostly

Ghawdzee

makes

who

their

of

persons

but

of them

All

of

career

generally, if
the

of

tinkers.
if he

she

of the

of their

whom

call

we

gipsies in Egypt
same

family

but

their

claim

latter, because
have

I shall

the

to

order

They

often

of

some

pilgrims

large

every
the

From
the

by
xiv.

the

6, 7,

St.

to
it

of Herodias

Mark,

vi.

are

the

of the

kind

23.

the

of

point.

particularly in
of the

Ghawazee
but

they

peculiar to

selves,
them-

probable
here

faith

Muslim

of

women

it is

of

origin ;

this

Egyptian

many

produced,
was

22,

public

the

speech unintelligible

Egypt, inhabiting

effect which

daughter
or

in

allotted

quarter

town

There

of

that

Egyptians

the

accompany

to

their

on

more

of words

their

some,

branch

than

agree

people

some

from

regarded

professedly,of

are,

Mekkeh.

to

number

render

them

that

ordinary language

of

of the

those

refer

of the

of

costly ornaments,

descended

rest

or

some

supposed, by

of them

speak

peasant,

Though

unanimously

and

but

lowest

he

the

to

are

be

procurer

blacksmiths

Ghawdzee

to

of the

to

strangers.

be

wife

musician

is remarkable

to

not

The

use

who

the

to

that

make
in

do

they

as

sometimes

It

whom

occasion

same

similar

their

as

wealth,

cc"i-

marry

the

to

and

welcome

are

is still less

chapter.

next

is the

customs

pretend

the

subject

servant

considerable

origin.

Egyptian

of

commenced

trifling sum.

very

gipsies,"and

"

have

Gh^eeyehs

even

"C., many

they

subsistence

their

possessed of

are

of

sion
profes-

them

most

is

venal

the

for

dancer, he is also her

6h4zeeyeh

respectable Arab

up

but

any

and

husband

earn

pay

until

offices of

be

men

Most

can

them

The

the

her

for

this

do

never

from

disgraced by such

as

dancers

as

venality.

performs
few

all

not

though they

marries

brought

are

with

sometimes

considered

generally

nection.

but

tribe;

own

distinct

marriages

repentance, and

of

vow

is not

be

from

classes, abstaining

other

themselves

keep

and
of

caravan

in

them

distinct

almost

portion

in

general.

that

the

described.

dance
See

St.

to

of

Their

performed
Matthew,

Chap.

XIX.

habitations

ordinary
for

tents

some

of

possess

they

black

female

their

occasions.

allurements

manner

anklets,

of

row

All

nose-ring.
henna.

There

who

belong
^

of

that

; but

Egypt

have

audacious

worn

by

the

more

modest

wore

the

whom

they

every

quarter

or

and

less

the

burko*

chose
of

the
were

the

known

(**firdeh

").

The

tax

less

than

some

idea

tised

honest

of

purses
one-tenth
their
means

and

selves
them-

deck

sometimes

with

who

the

kohl

and

do

of

was

that

tesans
cour-

really

not

Some

of

in

paid by

those

of the
in

to

firdeh

of

all

comparison

obtaining

their

being

were

respect, like
those

obliged

business

to

in almost

found

divorced

were

in Cairo

class

eveiy

being

as

in

women

venal

the

with

described

or

women,
to

be

often

of income-tax
Egypt paid a kind
the
metropolis lately amounted

four
of

women

them

whom

men

prostitutes

(equivalent

of

being

profession

distinguished,except by

Such

Many

the

dressed, in

be

not

have

respectable

women

themselves.

of

as

menr

quarters
their

themselves

town

before

others

when

women,

of

in every

some

conducted

(or face-veil),but

wives

the

and

such

from

they could

abounded

numerous

dress

disguising.

number

these

frequently

differed

the

many

not

wear

necklaces, bracelets,

times

These

them.

metropolis.

All

hundred

of them

shintiydn,

but

most

metropolis,

Their

discover

to

at

particularly

whom

abroad.

eight

have

government,

; from

; and

the

been

effrontery.

women

widows

classes

about

Ghaw^zee,
gay,

only

not

the

dancing-girls

Ghaw"aee,

exclusivelyby

by

most

little

in and

generally

allowed

was

of other

almost

inhabited

in

dress

forehead, and

other

some

the

tribe.^

courtesans

tioned

are

equal

themselves

adorn

call themselves

to

The

them

of

and

Some

as

the

over

to

general they

of ornaments,

coins

gold

Ghazeeyehs
add

class

the

many

women

singing,

lower

in

of

these

shirt, with
and

crease
in-

great

to

are,

tents

prostitutes.

tarhah;

profusion

low

of

the

all

they

of

the

of

another

over

muslin

or

with

and

other

and

which

art

many

in which
"feo.,

cows,

camps,

Some

the

but

and

or

prostitution they

Numerous

Those

as

t6b,

gauze

crape

these

another

to

houses

asses,

festivals, of

*Awdlim.

ordinary

whose

the

attend

town

large

camels,

attractions*

on

in

sheds,

temporary

or

one

(by

chief

other

same

slaves

other

the

seen

from

themselves

They

and

huts,

move

property), and

trade.

persons,
are

often

settle

religious

low

are

them

their

they

91

DANCING-QIELS.

thousand
the
with

livelihood.

pounds sterling),which

inhabitants.
that

of

the

This
persons

will
who

to

is

convey
pi*ac-

92

THE

of the

Many

consider

to

of the

dancing

hj females,
male

the
who

As

are,

castanets

their

really females^
being

consists

of

Their

tight vest,

and

the

their

merely

employed,

its court,

birth

of

public

and

are

Khawals;

but

which

They

this

The

are

term

class*

and
not

to

engaged

in

from

not

henna

They

often

are

before

marriage-fete,

and

shame,

dance

to

of

"

of

almost

exactly

frequently

Gink

"

male

;"

term

similar

aptly

that

to
a

or

form
per-

(plural, Gheeyash,")

those

Greeks,
is also

and

lation,
appelhas

character.
Turks.

and

applied

the

of

different

their

young

general

and

is Turkish,

expresses

Armenians,
"

dancers,

dress,

distinguished by

are

generally Jews,
Ghalsh

class

performances,

who
is

"

kohl

women.

whose

signification which

vulgar

and

faces

circumcision

they pluck out;

women

when

occasion

long,

grow

hair

Ghawdzee,

Cairo, another

boys,

appearance

the

on

or

the

to

to

than

festivals.

is, in

There
men

child,

of

manners

preference

in

at

the

petticoat.

the

applying
their

chiefly

feminine

head

grow,

streets,

veil

even

or

house,
the

in

the

In

of

he

to

fession
pro-

it

kind

of the

of

unnatural

more

the

dances

sounds

female
a

is

of

to

in

also

affect

and

manner

begins

women

often

to

hair

the

hands.

dancing, they
but

it

the
and

eyes

girdle,

it,in the

face, when

imitate

they

partly

however,

suffer

generally braid

on

and

and

thought

their

to

are

Ghawdzee

the

being

is suited

appearance,

they

dress

their

by

their

prevent

partly male,

general

mascidine

it to

who

of the

accompanied

manner,

as

those

these

Muslims,

are

women,

as

of

and

men,

personate

employ

number

They

description

same

like

but,

they

the

young

small.

performed

themselves,

but

being

the

in

improper

its

expose

mostly

are

of

in

to

of

selves,
them-

persuading

nothing
fact

manner

is very

of the

the

thus

not

same

Egypt.

is

but

ought
in

exactly

and

there

Khawals,"*

"

natives
are

that

performers,

called

Cairo, affecting,or

of

Ghawdzee

who

dance

to

men

people

XIX.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

to

person

of

93

XX.

CHAPTEE

SEEPENT-CHARMERS,
LEGERDEMAIK

Many

modem

writers

of

accounts

ancient

Psylli

"

which

class

allusion

themselves
many

condemn

who

has

able

Rifd'ee
I

as

about

have

also

them

to

discover,

so

by

house

over

former

their

but

gains

if there

be,

of his

the

fascination

As

the

serpent seeks
charmer

the

See

Psalm

the

has,

chamber,

obscure

to

in

find

them

to

voice, allures
darkest
most

be

charmer

the

place in
cases,

he

Iviii. 4, 5; "ccles.

might
x.

11

into

which

to

exercise

to

easily

; and

Jerem.

he

does

his

hide

his

take

the fowler,

; as

bird

to

professes

serpents in

any
him

dant
abun-

sufficient

barely

The

other
famous.

so

perception (but perhaps

attract

where

not

are

are

there

hood,
liveli-

few

part of Egypt, and

every

peculiar smell), whether

and

the

of

occasion, by going

art, but

same

ocular

without

none

their

houses.

scanty subsistence.

by

an

on

the

profess

but

performances,

obtain

serpents from

away

employment
procure

darweeshes

Saadee

mentioned

travel

former

their

of

with

Egyptians

satisfactoryexplanation

secure

met

of the

to

describe.

to

and

charm

to

persons
The

about

have

the

art,
to

impostors,

as

interesting

most

intelligent
Psylli

offer

secret

possess

serpents.

more

modem
to

to

Bible,^ enabling them

of

poison
the

and

am

Many

the

these

been

in the

surprising

given

country, supposed, like

Cyrenaioa,

among

common

which

of

have

Egypt

in this

men

OF

"C.

TRICKS,

upon

is made

persons

most

"

from

who

of

PERFORMERS

AND

viii. 17.

net.

self,
him-

skill

in

serpent

94
his

from

bosom,

affirm

that

would

venture

the

of

often

of

presence

required

has

been

the

walls

noise

generally

that

below,

his

be

die!

the

spits

obedient,

he

which

or

could

this
the

that

them

not

their

they

them

carry

have

head

shaven

the
a

famous

feats

regarded

are

mention,

most

the

but

doubtless

and

of
as

by

eating

merely
live

to

purpose

them

of

blunting

the

the

well
to

persons

Many

the

next

the

of

power

sting.

Their

serpents, vrhich

venomous

describe

quainted
ac-

venture

teeth.

deprive

I have

believe

fact

their

and

and

religious acts,

not

about

in

attracting
a

cap,

first

duce
to intro-

to

of

do

the

is to

discovering

is, however,

within

the

generally

and

poisonous

the

instances

of

nature

venomous

obedient,
dis-

that

house

are

of them

expert

be

he

inclined

am

means

It

ye

Most

from

drops

known

seeing them,

extracted

injure; perhaps

to

physical

if ye

in which

mentioned

scorpions, also,
;

and

lurking-places.
of

serpents

until

real

some

ascertained, that
carry

above

serpents without

of

from

case

if

or

the

it asserted

have

but

the

be

darweeshes
with

presence

serpents

more

and

above,

and

of that

servant

clucking

by

or

house

strikes

generally dislodged

heard

enters

be

wall,

often

try his skill, always employs

one

the

in

I have

serpent-charmer, before

is

serpent

success

ground

you

forth

his

makes

if ye

is

him

mystery,

the

adjure

come

The

fissure

room.

he

surrounded

yet

of

upon

by God,

forth

die!""

stick, from

ceiling of

and

come

ye

air

assured

searched

naked;

an

tidjure you

if ye

Name,
die!

by

"

him

palm-stick, whistles,

tongue,

says,

have

one

no

but

light of day,

persons

assumes

short

his

with

Great

He

complete.
with

full

the

stripped

even

for

been

having

XX.

door, and

reptiles within

these

in

apartment

after

incredulous

and

and

him

of

one

perform

to
;

with

enter

the

the

without

people
in

it

found

to

beforehand,

be

had

he

by spectators

it to the

bring

Chap.

EGyPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

before

had

particularly

occasion
in

to

another

chapter.^
^

In

the

account

of the

Moolid

periodicalpublic festivals,"c

en-Nebee,

in

the

first o^ the

chapters

on

CuAP.

XX.

of

Performere
"

"

Howih

Cairo.
a

They

indecent

jests and

they

by
He

mention.

to

round

the

erect

he

more

kind

has

of

winds

and

the

over

boy's mouth,
he

appearance,

forces

and

boy

the

on

ground,

knocks

and

the

the

"abominably
are

silk from

coloured
cotton

in

month

and,

in

like

his

those

The

of

most

his

(calledthe
of
are

Hawee's

nearly
^

So

he

tricks

horn.

an

called

similar
from

his

off,
of

he

the
also

He

the

placing

in

Then,

his nose"

upon

to

have

performs

with

some

of

he

alone

them

are

performs

out

it

fire

on

his

takes

pieces of tin,
earthen

arm

out

like

occasionally blows
of
to
feats

his
those
with

of

from

pipe-bowl

exhibiters

serpents.

his
;

his

through

sounds

sleight-of-hand
of

puts

dollars

zummdrah), producing

Most

two

bolt

seems

which

winds

and

of round
blows

width

puts

these

it.

knife

and

and

great quantity of various-

blows

and

he

the

this

which

tricks

another

handle.

describing

mouth,

mouth,

appearance,

shell

fonndnces

his

its

tricks

draws

great number

In

nose.

large

He

of

of

boy's throat

wooden
as

here

ground,

locks

kind

great

snakes,

passes

as

From

takes

the

By

shall

turban

and

half

He

edge

from

disgusting.

amusing.

more

until

abstain

I must

boy

like

into

same

indecent

Several

entered.

into

up

puts the

blade

the

spike

of the

he

him.

on

cheek,

iron

trick

another

perfomas

assist

places

apparently

his

spike being really pushed

five

neck.

boy's

an

which

or

boys,

times.

performs

part of its body

of the

one

padlock through

of

he

to

sions
occa-

applause

four

out

these

of

other

"

of

boys

two

takes

its head

head

the

opens

One

size.

causes

he

bag

usual

the

on

much

as

their

after

and

seen

at

Hawee

"

most

generally

leathern

largish

the

also

they

of whom

some

attract

The

in

numerous

during

often

they

means.

tricks;

of

variety

but

actions

other

from

frequently

most

called

are

public places ; collecting

them,

are

festivals

public

do

in

who

"^), are

contributions

voluntary

performances.
of

Hdwee

"

generally perform

small

receive

singular,

spectators around

of

ring

sleight-of-hand tricks,

the

(in

They

large

95

JUGGLERS.

of

per-

the

96

MODERN

THE

in

class

same

onr

finger-ring from
box, blows
the

opens

again;

box
third

time

which

he

owner

state

the

the

be

the

insists

upon

declares

to

latter

asks

then

Hdwee

different

the

shews

it, and

opens

it,

shews

it, and

opens
;

in

ring

first

his

having
five

for

and

it; and,

"

it,and

closed

having

He

perfect ring.
of

skull-cap
and

box,

of his

in

little chickens

two

shell,

boys

honey

jug

full of

wash

their

it is

empty,

of his

The

Hdwee

to

water

gives

puts
the
tricks

into

the

the
to

same

them

box, and
a

vessel

of

of

to

blows

his

fateerehs

(or

hands

of

tisht

of

various
a

takes

"

boy,

in

cap.

blows

his

Another

of
paper

sherbet)
He

the

pours

of linen, and

he

part

his

of

of

box

the

white

colours.

to

hands

lower

box,

seller

contents

to

the

the

The

slips of
a

tells

round

jug, and

cap.-

piece

Sometimes

he

for water,

ask

the

the

drink, the

sugar.

out

demands

into
out

vessel, puts in

it, and

shell, uncovers

and

number

(the

dyed

out

spectators,
sherbet

put

He

snakes.

down,

takes

gone.

boy's lap (the

back

snakes

is to

the

the

upside-down

same

his

five small

or

it

He

blows

the

do it without

to

manner.

it, into

four

the

copper
them

same

of

eaten,
the

(after

puts

vermicelli) :

turns

takes

cap

from

fright, throws

take

changed

the

up),

held

tinned

to

for
out

pours

common

and

in the

water,

full

shell, and

The

Hdwee

his

hands.

shirt

into

blows

boys, having

shell, uncovers
his

jug,

The

asks

apparent

small

be

again,

they refuse

honey.

and

box, and

but

it

recast

of it the

out

uncovers

in

puts

to

box,

to

resembles

(which

takes

it filled with

again,

he
shews

and

box,

then

he

these

box,

original

shell, opens

seems

cap

the

covers

its contents

eat

to

kundfeh

and

that

shew

the

uncovers

pancakes)
his

again,

the

the

to

again

takes

his

boys in it, blows

silver,

"

covered

larger

the

of

in its

box

shell),and

rabbit

comes

puts the rabbit

run

takes

the

opens

his

blown

next

one

out

this,

obtained

having

then

it

faddahs

ten

or

he

offers

ring

"

little

shuts

lump

ring melted,

shuts

ring:

melted

"

XX.

silver

it in
it !"

'Efreet, change

"

says,

shews,

box, and

Taking

countries.

bystanders, he puts

the

of

one

shell, and

his

other

and

own

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

then

vessel,

apparently

cuts

98

"

MODERN

EGYPTIANS.

is the

appellation

THE

Ghajaree "), which

who

profess themselves

Bardmikeh,

like

Many

of their

often

seen

the

to

manner

with

the

tob

their

What

They

with

with

them.

mostly

few

in which

pieces

fortune

their
to

late

never.

be

wa-n'tdhir
the

fated

this

of

sellers

of

class, and

the

person

other

evils

and

blessings, which,
the

from,

and

circumcise

of

particularly

\")} Many

tinkers,

of

trinkets

trumpery

of

by others

made

are

or

Nedukk

"

braziers, and

which

wares

they

former,

also cry,

Gipsy-women

shells,

question early

in

person

blacksmiths,

the

tions
prognostica-

discover;

puncture
are

manner

the

the

of these

Egypt

their

represents

distance

or

the

and

befall

to

rest

events,

to,

(" We

in

itinerant

or

to

are

Some

Gipsies

the

than

shells,

of

from

and

lie, they derive

to

shell

!"

I manifest

"c,, intermixed

glass,money,
down

faces;

divination!

number

classes,

materials

the

perform

of

similar

unveiled

is absent

means

throw

they

different

!"

by

"I

What

coloured

proximity

judge
or

of

they

"c., represent

by

divine

chance

larger

crying,

manifest

These

they
a

whose

present

"c.

and

are

lower

gazelle's skin, containing

divinations;

is

in

with

always

branch.

women

dressed
of the

the

of

diflFerent

These

females

but

tarhah,

usually carrying
for

of the

tribes,

descendants

of

Cairo,

of

streets

generality
and

but

their

of

one

fortune-tellers.

are

the

of

partly

Ghawizee

the

women

in

be

to

XX.

Chap.

brass, "c.
fe'ome
This

Gipsies

appellation

They tattoo,
in the

in

note

chapter

first

tribe
and

in vol. i. page

Gipsies of Egypt

marry

of the

Ghagar,

whom

Ghagar

the
women.

but

of

Ghagar

marks
;

"

312,

are

superior
a

are

tribe

distinct

performer

or

the

skin
the

Bahluwdn."

"

which

says

not,

whose

as

name

tribe, though

the
I

was

he
the

have

operation

alluded

in

scribed
deto

curious

Journal

of

fortune-tellers

of

countries, in the
that

of

champion;

Captain Newbold,

Eastern

statements,

to

perform

late

other
285

upon

and

The

73.
and

given

swordsman,

work

vol. xiv.

Asiatic

from

blue

of this

of

occupation

famous

Society,
Royal
Egypt according to their own
the

the

properly

those

make

or

inserted
of the

account

is

exercises,

gymnastic
^

follow

also

informed,
writes
former

"

of

the

Helebi,**

sometimes

Chap.

XX.

and

such

strength

but

performances

the

confined
art

and

the

considerable
of

the

of

are

Sometimes

tied
his

height

from

by

balancing-pole
I have

rope.

dancers

in

cynocephalus
it

ring

of

(whose

face, and
is

monkey,)

He

of

the

The

ring, and

along
;

it

is

as

with

bride,

feats

leaping

made

also

is told

does

so

her
the

its

is made

all

motions

belly.
to

of

The

stand

the

dresses
;

the

beating

handsomest

spectators.
thief, and

best

perform
her

towards

nose

upon

of the

woman

and

dance

ass,

within

and

the

an

He

veiled

round

his

in

orders

generally

choose

from

monkey,

before

putting
and

or

to

to

derived

sticks.

it

parades

is
ass

on

(which

going

to imitate

kid

follow

other

lower
a

himself

ape

is

or

ape

other

and

ass;

greatly amusing

crawls

rope-

tumbling,

the

an

ape

kind) fight each

The

ordered

above

boys, often

as

amuses

of

the

and

spectators;

the

in

their

commonest

appellation

performances

antics.

various

that

or

kid.

tambourine.

such

the

kinds

boys also perform

and

men

of the

on

"c.

the

on

those

the

and

difficult

girls,and

fantastically,usually

ape

puts

dog

The

by sundry
a

than

tray placed

of

of

end

bahluwans

more

rope-dancing;

ape,

and

the

Women,

England.

an

dog,

girl

of

of these

soap

each

to

each

to

of

piece

walks

or

suspended

round

many-

always

dances

with

boy tied

three

"Kureyddtee"

kird,"

at

the

to

dancer

he

or

at

mosque,

extends

The

child

sits upon

less clever

of

feet,

"Ghajar."

supported

Sometimes

with

seen

and

ground.

his

practise

or

almost

who

of

ground,

the

on

not

hoop,

The

the

he

were

those

through

and

mad'neh

Cairo

are

persons

feet, being

with

or

occupation.

Cairo

the

or

rope,
;

and

described,

foot,

the

their

in

name,

"Ghagar"

the

to

this

Bahluwdn

called

in

clogs

only

performances

"

fixed

each

ankles

than

all

hundred

with

rope

under

this

and

long balancing-pole.

the

on

modem

tribe

rope

several

the
;

is tied

points by poles
uses

of

exhibited

formeriy

persons

dexterity, under

rope-dancing

to

length

of

descriptions

feats of

this

99

ROPE-DANCERS.

The

ingly
accord-

performance
a

little

piece

is
of

100

MODERN

THE

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

XX.

nearly

wood,
and

in the

inch

an

and

all its four

with

the

similar
third

kid

shape
half

feet

thus

Egyptians

ridiculous

farces, who

circumcisions,

in

Cairo.

Their

that

they

men

and

by

man

or

plays, I
in

festivals

houses

of

part of

give

short

usual, several
dramatis

district),a Sheykh

latter, a Copt clerk,

his

wife,

five other

and

hautboy-player,

and

little

and

drumming
the

NAzir

and

Ndzir

asks,

"

answer,

Christian

'Awad

and

the

*
^,

performers

as

Eegeb

Thus

Copt,

him,
?"

"

How

The

look

vulgarly pronounced,

their

made
one

as

After

five, the
The

ring.

owe?"

Kegeb

register."

ink-horn)

black

turban.

is written

"

of

simple felldheen,

as

answers,
for

government,

the
of

of

servant

these

by

(or
a

cised.
circum-

dancers.

in the

much
clerk

governor

son

act

with

(or

enter

the

now

to

also

drummers,
as

which

on

were

two

dancing

'Awad^

to the

of

acted

celebrated

sons

whom

of

their

of

was

village),a

large dawdyeh

asks
of

son

of

indebted

and

does

is dressed

Ndzir

others

Christian

has

el-Beled

chief

dancers, who

the

Desire
clerk

girdle,and
Sheykh

much

"How

musicians

the

his

only

are

perform^

festival

of

two

piping
of

rest

at

character

the

actors

which

one

scriptio
de-

actions,

specimen

grandees

persons,

the

in

first

appearance

As

one

were

Felldh

of

indecent

The

of

of

(or
a

and

sometimes

and

scarcely worthy

ago,

sons

Beled

These

being always

of

personcB

the

The

time

circumcision

the

and

weddings

to

great;

are

account

of

The

the

attire.

as

prior

woman

short

low

of

Mohabbazeen."

"

applause.

female

in

spectators in the public places

and

Bdsha,

honour

occasion,

the

boy

shall

the

before

and

manner,

by players

the

obtain

and

wood,

up,

same

chiefly by vulgar jests,and

amuse,

boys

amused

performances

it is

lifted

the

of

piece

that

so

added.

called

auditors

of

rings

attract

the

at

and, in

are

at

this

long,

span

bottom,

it, is then

fifth, are

often

are

frequently perform

it

top and

together

upon

under

and

the

at

close

standing

piece, a fourth,

dice-box, about

wide

placed

are

piece placed

The

of

*Ewad.'

"

in

The
his
The

against
thousand

Chap.

XX.

piasters."

How

"

He

is answered,

the

feUdh,

yon

not

any."

Throw

"

this

the

the

honour

thy

of

wife's

trowsers,

head-band,

beating

finished, and

is

thou

He

?"

them

his

and

the

to

generosity

three

baskets,

do

She
"

Christian's

Sheykh
the
"

the

well:

She

her

hand,

is this ?"

to

the

Nazir."

her

eyelids with

liberate

the

henna

to her

evening,

Good

he

want?"
who

'Awad,

owes

description

of

asks.
a

this

She

she

will

be

found

Index.
^

kind

of

He

paste, resembling vermicelli.

in

?" he

asks.

piasters."

to

"

"

"But

it

Very

blackens

red

dye

the

Ndzir.

What

the

am

subsequent

Take

says,

him.

"I

with

el-Beled.
"

to

the

bribe

to

while,

piasters."

thousand

the

Sheykh

repairs

says

answers,

obtain

answers,

for

feet, and

master,"

my

the

She

retires

M'allim

returns,

soon

it to

They

"O

kohl, applies fresh

and

hands

and

to

people

clerk?"

thousand

go

these, in

thy husband

husband."

She

appeal
the

asks

thirty piasters

my

art

take

takes

him,

to

owes

Sheykh.

and

of

the

says

is

gives

bribe,

edges

'

and

She

these, and

away,

goes

wife

my

the

says

or

How

"

clerk, and

Hanna,

who

twenty

el-Beled."

go

thou

"

him,

house, and

Who

"

imprisoned.

sha'eereeyeh,^and

receive

to

fellah

he,

the

"

favour

and

kindness,

She

husband."

says

in

What

sits."

"The

money

as

he

thy wife's

appeals, his

liberty."

M'allim

of

honour

of

asks

some

at

set

the

and

By

"

absurd

away,

Christian

the

of my

Bring,"

of the

to

is

answers,

and

me

me

liberation

get

"There

Hanna,

me

eggs

house

such

him,

to

.there, "Where
answer,

Do

some

honour

is taken

to

"

he

Ndzir,

the

By

the

By

twenty

comes

answers,

little kishk
with

After

!"

wife

his

Presently

Bey

Bey!

an

with

and

the

to

of

piece

brought

out

roars

tail, O

horse's

thy

Bey

He

exclaims

?"

any

inflated
is

large kurbag,

not

felldh

The

?"

money

An

down."

is beaten.

fell^

he, addressing

says

have

You

"

him

intestine, resembling

the

bring

?"

paid

he

has

"

"

don't

I have

Sheykh

piasters." Man,"

Five

"

Sheykli,

the

mucli," says

why

"

"

answers,

the

101

FARCE-PLAYERS.

chapter.

dost

wife

what

of

of

dost

See

the

102

THE

thoTi

want?**

he

imprisoned
and

she

urges
ask

not

appeal

thy

to

this

request,

this

favour

she

says,

"My

generosity

to

smiles,

without

He

liberates

She

this,

him.

This

farce

"

with

B4sha
those
the

of

t^hom

to

persons

his

opening

him

the

office

the

before

of

conduct

the

to

grant

husband's

the

eyes

that

to

played

was

:"

him

willing

takes

committed

was

liberate

is

collecting

of

taxes.

The

made

to

extremely
in

Cairo

do

not

This

edh^hill."

but,

of

the
exhibited

exhibition

of

manner

at

is

called

the

the

the

Chinese

puppets
in

are,

are

general,
residing

Turks

attractive

language.
"

introduced

been

which

very

Turkish

the

has

amuse

jiot

are

"

language

whose

occasionally
course,

understand

Gyooz

performances,

indecent,

in

only

Their

speak.'

Kara

"

in

Turks,

by

Egypt

of

puppet-show

into

""

view

the

hiisband

shews

and

being

obtains

XX.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

again.

recompense.

and

part,

and

does

him

asks

as

she

MODERN

to

those

They

are

shadows,"

and

who

ducted
con-

fore
there-

night.

in

Arabic

"

khayal

ed-dill,"

or,

more

correctly,

103

CHAPTER

XXI.

BECITATIONS

OF

PUBLIC

ROMANCES.
.

The

Egyptians

those

described

Cairo

and

the

in
the

frequent

romances

destitute

not

are

other

stool
the

front

rest

of

of the
that

of the

street, and

the

their

coffee

but

also

the

than
The

called

five

most

ten

"

class

(in

the

signifies a poet). They

he
are

See

The

the

engraving

reciter

is hired

to

is

them

which

usually proportioned

to

of

palm-

sippiijg
the

story,
of

attracting

customers

and

for

anything

the
from

of money

give nothing

singular
also

are

heard

to

few

talent

which

called

this

"

his
his

give

the

persons

properly

Aboo-Zeydeeyeh,"

chapter.
advantage

; as,

he

of

Sh4*er," which

"

greater

private party
the

is that

of reciters

accompanies

generally

entertain

narrow

faddahs.*

numerous

Sho*ar4

"

of

the

manner

contribute

to

the

with

triflingsum

coffee-shop,for

many
or

upon

some

only

not

dramatic

and

receives

obliged

not

are

remuneration
more

reciter

of

keeper

lively

the

made

hand

in

pipe

highly amused,

the

The

hearers

all

and

the

benches

or

against

occupy

themselves
of

small

is built

side

of

tainments.
enter-

upon

auditors

opposite

stools

with

them

of his

the

on

himself

seat, which

arrange

sit upon

rest

with

narrator.

the

houses

of

most

others

seat,

evenings

rational

and

seats

coffee-shop:' some

mastabahs

sticks

raised

or

the

on

attractive

generally

mastabah,

the

on

reciter

of

(or coffee-shops)of

particularly

afford

than

reciters

chapter:

principal kahwehs

religious festivals, and

diversions

better

preceding

towns,

The

of

in

the

in

former

displays.

puhlic

than

case,

his

when

profits

104

THE

MODERN

from

Aboo-Zeydees,"

"

or

which

is

the

Cairo

is about
related

This

in the

happened

Flight

and

As

The

mostly

natives

"

with

of central

pleasing

every

piece

recites
every

in sound,

of

Sha'er

as

always
book.

he

plays

which

single chord,

and

Aboo-Zeydee

viol," from

It
reciter

has

been

generally
*

it also

often

and

ends

who

are

of

some

called

"

the

their

forth

pour

soliloquies,in

it is the

it

opinion

originally

was

read,

as

it

that

poetry, and

the

popular (not

and

value

it

always

literary) manner,
Almost

is in matter.
with

an

invocation

to

memory,

of

Prophet.

without
verse,

of

manners

but

and

that

measures

merit, at

the

is

though

Cairo

poetry begins

the

blessings on

the

half

El- Yemen,

by copyists : still,when

entirely in

it is

The

prescribed

altered

is, almost

in

and

romance,

addresses

measured

learned

the

to

been

has

is not

the

the

of

Africa, which

their

It

of

Arabia), generally

to

volumes.

without

is not

and

(or Northern

verse

conformed

Arabia

sentiments,

of

some

it

transcription.

little

it has

later

much

narrative,

illustrative

as

heroines

and

reference

The

verse.

but

Bedawees,

heroes

animated

most

of

the

of El-Gharb

West

state

in

after

long

quarto

half

poetry;

at

the

of

century
not

altered

events

upon

third

small

more

or

tures
adven-

the

but

written

literarycomposition,

of

interest.

been

greatly

half

and

prose,

customs

them

the

of

have

been

in ten

in its present

least

was

it have

dramatic.

middle

certainly composed

it

in

Sho'ara

founded

but

usually found

half

been

to

unless

It is

the

Aboo-Zeyd"

these

nothing

is believed

period ;

time,

is

and

in

of

recitations,

Aboo-Zeyd.

have

to

Life
of

recite

of

romance

their

number

they

is said

romance

which

that

and

fifty;

"the

The

("Seeret Aboo-Zeyd"').

of

subject

entitled

romance

XXI.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

has

Vulgarly

commits

his

The

poetry

few

notes

so

is

called

its

only

"

Seeret

which

has

used

former

with
"

and

poet's viol,"

the

and

chants;

viol

being
in

attendant

called,for

he

on

described
an

subject

in

these

after
but
"

or

Abee-Zeyd."

the

tions.
recita-

chapter.

another

The

instrument

da

accompanjincr

VloUM,

*od

fit

gthli

Andimeg.

Chap.

XXL

birth

ROMANCE

this

of

the

son,

diflferent

times, such

he

could

not

at

last

the

have

He
of

signs

expected
chief

child

of the

large
hoped

have

his

birth

of the

number

numerous

it

the

this

the

bird,

birds

Eizk, though

he

of

she

he

reluctant
love

put

or

prepared

brought

before

complied
for

the
had

He
he

the

would

his

guests

es-subooa,"

"

yom

which,

after

the

according

covered

tray, and

guests.

custom,

with

slave
a

had

of

gold

and

silver

coins,

handkerchief,

and

^fromen

had

represented

outside

the

tent

while

it.

this

The
ceremony

that
Emeer
was

and

nor

the

on

banquet
the

child

Eizk, who

was

When
nukoot

of them

child

was

it upon

their

given

the

cessive
ex-

women's

carried

one

own

the

handkerchief.

cases,

saw

his

day after its

sumptuous
to

The

himself,

feasted;

such

is usual

it

seventh

in

as

to be

Her

boy.

the

female

over

black

heard

were

more

black.

from

the

her

give

be

see

kill

and

mother,

not

and

hues, and,

to

this

only

it, until

see

and

believe

not

attack

God

to

Sarhdn,

King

should

he

away

to

days

(or contributions)
the

child

man

six

For

seventh,

up

he

ing
Khadrdr, walk-

kinds

birth

gave

her.

bore

other

guests,

their

waited

bird

various

could

to

the

of

description

the

with

which

friends

of

black

saw

silver

the

from

festival

Emeereh
wife

though

even

answered

Emeer

the

sight, earnestly prayed

was

birth.

that

Ghdnim,

come

guests, and

Shemmeh,

of

prayer

any

shewed

Emeer

These

the

that

females,

flock

like

allow

the

presence

his

happened

other

of

was

hope

tribe, to

celebrate.

to

Emeereh

at

son,

their

the

of

child.

astonished
son

with

Khadra

Ez-Zughbeeyeh,

or

and

family

occasion

Meanwhile,

invited

wife,

Shereef

that

in

and,

son,

invitation, became

with

with

the

Karda,

as

having

eleventh

an

find

Ez-Zaghdbeh,

honour

and
tb

be

his

of

company

district

mother;

of

married

at

least,

time, and

one

of

him

pleased

at

rejoiced to

would

tribe

four

divorced,

(having

as

daughter

soon

becoming

wives

three,)

only

was

Bizk

than

Khadra,

Mekkeh.

his

of

107

ABOO-ZBYD.

Emeer

more

retained

Emeereh

OF

was

lifted
as

had

performed,

in

the
stood

great

108

MODERN

THE

distress

of

friends

for

retain

mind,

was

wishing

compelled
be

held

in

She

to

slaves, her
with

her

On

here

her

to

the

journey,

her

to

horsemen,

of

the

chanced
with

the

his

El-Baheeyeh,
with

the

slaves.

him

with

the

by
his

of

His

acquired
then
and

proficiency in

studied
a

Barakat

present
his

"

in Arabia

variety
now

of

Good

the

the

by

from
"

treated

and

Barakat

soon

master,
school-

his

killed

chastise

to

of

one

all

of

terror

his
fikee

another

his

frightened

presence

therefore

the

fikee

of

eleven

years,

sciences, human

and

age

his

as

structed
in-

he

had

divine,

including astrology,magic, alchymy^

branches

went,

morning

all

of other

horse

the

Laag

child

her

procured

and

attending,
At

he

the

father

ing
return-

thither, together

young

versation
con-

her

Emeereh

sons

attempting

Barakdt's

home.

at

The

became

and

but

from

him

for

adoptive

schoolmaster

two

hero

of

heard

protection :

adopted

father.

Ibn-

party during her

child

own

becoming

brothers;

schoolfellows

his

beating,

schoolfellows.
a

Fadl

stances,
circum-

company

having

to allow

Fadl
a

wife, the

the

and

valley

such

in

with

his

his

in

Emeer

and,

under

sent

with
of

his

severe

adoptive

for

her

Emeer

up

her

Muneea,

her

fondness

promise

gave

with

he

The
him

brought

own

Ez-Zahldn,

take

conduct

to

of

Rizk.

conductor

the

of

remain

to

tents

back,

But

sheykh

encampment,

go

house.

fall in

to

to

Mekkeh.

number

Emeer

her

begged

feared

tribe

to

story, determined
to

she

father's

chief

Beysem,

Khadra

for

the

sheykh

at

determined

by

so

of

by

party pitched their

the Emeereh

remain

do

to

not

accordingly

house

also

to

tantly
reluc-

might

tribe

conduct

father's

property, who

and

very

and

the

accompanied

allowed

being

the

and

husband's

her

to

was

his

account;

child, under

thither,

departed

her

return

he

that

away,

on

her

wife

of bis

most

disgrace,

supposed

his

as

put her

to

with

Muneea,

his

woman

dishonour

despatched her,
named

hide

to

unchaste

an

sharply upbraided by

now

XXL

Chap.

EOYPTIANS.

his

by

of

knowledge.

advice

of

adoptive

saying,

"

the

father

Good

fikee,
;

who

morning,

to

ask

answered
my

son,'

Chap.

XXI.

and

dearer

youth

than

went

and

by

then

And

Of

in

carrying

that

the

did

'Mid

Emeer

Thy

Thine

In
He

father's

my

sought
made

And
For

thy

One

day

had

often

to

chiefs

amusing

We

Some,
Some

ourselves

with

were

"

Literally,

merely
virtues
that
uncle.

for
as
man

the

*^

Thou

who

sake

inherited

of

valiant

mentioning
the

resembles,

that

that

mother
in

his

with

sight

there

; and

son

my

the

as

banquet

of red ;

hast

through

commonly

friends

round

all kinds

They comprised

unhappy

at

wish,

mate

son

went.
of

state,

of the

congregate

the
some

moon

small

some

God

at

the

some

tall

doth

create.

great

I"

add

this

generally consider

than
and

full ;

uncle

Arabs

rather

good

water,
:

were

maternal
the

fate.

some

birds

plumage

black,

bless'd

with

white, and

were

wedded

there,

his

his

met

numberless

saw

Some

had

estate.

sate

attained

been

never

bewail'd

"

!*

innate

fellows

his
rich

and

spring, with

the

When

And,

father

had

And

lov'd

his

me

of valour

journey'd,and

marriage,

son,

guest he

poets

prate.

youth

such
he

house,

in

me

boast

Mekkeh

to

thee,

above

wealthy

was

could

pilgrim

I tell

piece,

past

relate.

Beysem's

brother

had

tale

is idle

story

mj

Fadl's

other

what

Beysem,

was

father

thy

As

not

uncle

None

what

imitate

whole

of Arab

practice

insert

neglect

same

the

of

series

I also

original,which

Hilal, her

hear

Barakdt,

the

throughout

wrongs,

to

venture

with

and

common

of

tents

father

And

the

think

And

the

Khadri, reflectingon

the

I shall

in

son

been

ing
Becom-

of her

her

was

had

of Nail.

son

to

case

chief

he

that

remembrance

rhyme

same

with

Thus

the

poetry

in

the

Eizk

Fadl

Emeer

this

that

dead:

for verse,

verse

him

was

expression, the

if the

her

told

her

of

is found

on

in accordance

called

piece

translation, made
measure

Arab,

inspired by

this

of

father

this

at

asked

She

fully related

more

verses.

'^

and

his

that

109

ABOO-ZETD.

Surprised

mother,

Hildlee

warmed
she

his

to

his uncle;
killed

son."

my

really his father.

not

were

OP

ROMANCE

evil

the

father, and

qualities,his

note

innate
believe
maternal

110
Though
But

of

party

our

The

birds

fear

the

vault

Pounc'd
To

God

Thou

I cried

Of

the
me

E'en

should

Thou

And

all

But

thy

And
Fell

Rizk,

Thine

thee

And
But

his

as

thee

assist
the

son

my

to

me

take

to

uncle

might

no

estate.

relative.

educate.

blood-revenge,

our

of Hilal

mindful

him

slew

his whole

his

to

desolate.

to

this tale

one

thee

told

I have

what

keep closelysecret
Be

honour

tribe

and

son,

me,

son

to

tents

born,

wast

terminate

our

wealth,

his

on

received

uncle

And

"

them, precipitate.

among

seiz'd

Then

God

attacked

joy elate.

them, paid

thy father, my

on

and

happiness

our

of Hilal

Considerate

womb,

in my

among

did

soon

chiefs

sake

bird.

Thou

black.

be

relations, with

father

thy

The

he

form'd

wast

And

noble

like this

son

for the

! I pray,

Prophet, thy delegate,

Excellent
a

all.

them

killed

Compassionate

! Eternal

Living

Grant

^0

"

weight,

enormous

others, and

the

on

sky descending,

of the

black-plum'd bird, of

separate

nor

us,

XXI.

Chap.

"

unawares,

came

women

not

did

from

soon,

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

relate

to

Thine
In
Thus

Now

beg
Of

The

of

His

excited
*

When

Muslims
"

God,

He
the
the

who
bless

his

arts

Barakat

son

deception
all

reciter
are

this

him

Great

of

celebrate."

should

we

with

engrossed

father, whom

own

he

the

made

was

to

murderer.

gave

him

his best

in the

of

many
these

listeningto him,
!

;
state.

tale, became

of war,

utters

"

wait.'

sins.

our

early distinguished
envy

patience.

shouldst

thou

Sole, the

praise

father's
father

adoptive

exercise.

whose

by

his

be

the

that, with

hearera, in blessing the Prophet,*

my

guide,

in all the

him

me,

slaying

to

artful

Exalted,

excited

Barakat,

with

her

forgiveness of

the

join

address

case

we

God

And

believe

her

attaining thy wish,

Khadi'i

did

Thus

desire

of

hope

grieve

'tis fit

so

the

chase, and

in

himself

the

words,

we

prayer

horse, and

Arabs

as

of

hear, from
of

"

Allahumma

the

instructed

manly

every

horseman,
the

tribe

lipsof
sallee

most

and
into
of the

'aleyh!

"
"

Chap.

XXI.

ROMANCE

which

he

of the

"

been

had

(a game

other, throwing

the
'

occasion, killed

Teydemeh
the

demand,
tribute
tribe
the

the

of

in

reply, in

the

Having

him

Ez-ZaUdn

the

hospitality
he

him,

killed
hostile

Arabs

It

sometimes

took

and
is thus
used

that

his

he

imposed

had

formerly paid

again

he

described

in

instead

of the

upon

to

defeated
the
"

romance

which

was

to

Fadl

tribe

at

of

refused
laws
he

Emeer

from

pardoned

them

but

added

he

went

of
had

Fadl

slave,

mad
his

party,

him, challenged, fought, and

to

tent

plot

and

did, the

Gessdr

drawn

himself

he

camel,

pleased

the

and, asking the

answer

Having

if

as,

was

Arabs.

feasted

executing

him

the

of Mes'ood

name

Again

and

party

Zahldn

received

was,

his

of

horseback,

on

enemies,

observed

discovered

Barakdt

his

prevent

Mes*ood.

named

the

of

would

GessAr

framed.
who

food

remained

who

who,

compliance.

tribe,

his

Gessar

obeyed,

apparently

wrote

and

Teydemeh

to

slave), a

the back

and

the

Barakdt,

as

Barakdt

but

Fadl

Emeer

to his

this tribute,

Barakdt

on

to

of

pay

be

to

sent
arrears

to

him,

him

party, and

slave,

orders

of

eat

his

and

his

having

the

years'

death.

Gess"r

who

him, with

resembled
bound

These

to

Fadl, promising

Emeer

first

chief.

their

him

to

put

age, he

the

on

them

to

believed

much

and

the

presented

who

same

Gessdr

meet

be

to

of the

name

of the

and, with

to

bonds,

and,

accustomed

despatch

to

ing
plunder-

fifteen

been

(for he

slave

had

each

pursued

Benee-Hemyer,

Ez-Zahldn,

them

Barakdt

prisoner

of

latter

desired

and

slave

nearly

tribe

the

persons

defeated

recommended

of

is

Es-Saleedee, king of

to

succour,

He

chief

the

which

applied, for

Gdsir,

Ddghir,

of

the

or

twice

He

exercise

to what

which

Teydemeh;

son

Teydemeh.

of

of

son

of

the

Atwdn

Arabs

city

tribe

similar

nearly

combated

horses,

in the

dexterity

or

palm-stick.^

of

parties

his

by

gereed "), in

"

on

Ill

ABOO-ZEYD.

exactly

the

of

mounted

engaged,

the

admitted,

that

called

now

"

birg^

OP

that

them.
which

the
:

the

but

rest

tribute

he had

headless

gereed," or palm-stick.

he

before

attempts
spear

of

which

Henceforth

hostile
a

the

was

the
the
had

borne.
of

the

formerly

112

Benee-Hemyer
the

highest
the

and

We

the

after

his

in

tribe,

his

With

goats' hair,
used

combat

the

of

Hilal

were

long

that

they

their

the

the

Emeer

Kizk,

Sarhdn

and

who

his

in

abject submission

They

however

persuaded
him

begging
their
his

to

way

convinced,
that
he

the

Barakdt

Aboo-Zeyd.

challenged
and
hand

the
the

against

son

at

not

having
his

the

The

he

that

idea

father; but

that

the

thinking

On
almost

was

conduct

him,

why
him

named

destination,

opponent
was

from

loss to know

forth

went

he

he

his

of

Bizk,

them,

had

of

Sarh^n

and

Emeer

to

on

there.

summons.

come
a

but

"^e tribe

deliver

himself

his

Barakdt

by

;:

Arabs,

at

place

father

certain
no

had

commander.

to

the

the

with,

tribute

to

of

minor

some

to remiain

hatred

these

tribe

him

to

was

as

the

Aj-abs

them

Zahldn

but

of

Zahldri

by

so

induced,

defeated

obeyed

the

Arriving
dt.

the

In

were

their

and

who

name,

former
latter

Eizk

by this

Barak

been

Benee-

lasted

remained

messenger

messenger
his

and

endeavour

state.

was

called

was

son

and

territory of
the

by

which

country

inveterate

paid

the

Ga'^fireh, and

suffered

an

send

humiliating

the

territoryof
were

come

the

to

the

seen

event,

them

camels

his

had

loss.
black

of

distress.

of

attacked

before

to

to

the utmost

joined,

were

this

on

his

for

of

wife

drought,

formerly

cherished
had

go

; but

the

their

was

to

had

party

who

after

greater number

Benee-Hilal,

arrival

Ez-Zahldn,

to

tenders

his

received

tent

"

from

retired

he

in

tribe.

his

grief

abode

where

dreadful

reduced

were

in

the

long

for sustenance

of

their

by

king Sarhdn,

Ez-Zahldn,
tribes

in which

Not

afflicted

his

up

spring

birds.

circumstances,
with

the

live, by

to

those

of

one

took

the

made

was

he

which

treatment

Fadl

Emeer

and

Ehadra

wife

acquired

tribes.

Eizk,

disgrace, and

he

single slave,

the

supposed

he

of whom

Emeer

his

of

at

the

of

eyes

neighbouring

the

to

departure

disgust

of

account

all the

return

now

the

of Ez-Zahldn,

among

and

independence,

in

only

not

tribe

also

their

XXI.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

recover

renown,

must

Soon

to

whole

chief, but

on

MODERN

THE

to

his

was

about
that

combat

his

to

he
the
son

lift his

adversary

114

THE

PUBLIC

in

Next

of

EGYPTIANS,

CHAPTER

XXII.

RECITATIONS

point

reciters

MODERN

OF

of number

romances,

Story-tellers(in

said

the

their

narrations

subject

of

Zdhir"

("Secret Ez-Zdhir,"

The
of

without

recite

They

of

There

";.
The

Cairo.

the

"

are

exclusive
Life

of

Ez"

ez-Z^ireeyeh

"Es-Seereh

or

Mohadditeen,"

"

called

work

and

*).

book.

Secret

Ez-Z4hir

famous

Sultdn

the

is

in

public

particularly

are

Mohaddit

"*

the

among

appellation

singular,
thirty of them

about

be

to

who

XXII.

Continued,

"

Sh6'ara,

those

are

solely distinguished by the

or

ROMANCES

the

to

Chap.

is

founded

romance

Ez-Zahir

This

contemporaries.

and

Beybars,
acceded

prince

the

on

history
of

many
the

to

his
of

throne

in

Egypt
died

in

the

reigned
lunar

the

the

that

which

I have
is

have

different
The

unknown.

Egyptian

vulgar,

it

modernized

is

in
Hence

Mohadditeen

of

; and

as

which

age.
are

have

it

The

sometimes

in

most

may

volumes

his

for

altered

volumes
"

are

age

evidently

oldest

vulgar style of

have

was

calle4

Egypt,

intended

was

so

of volumes

up

and

1277.

become

six quarto

is made

the

in

ending

author
in

to the

according

existing

one

copyists

language,
in

of

and

consequently

and

Ez-Zdhir

The

but

that

style, nor
the

ten

is written

Arabic;

likely

the

into

Flight 658,

and

1260,

consists

it

copies.

work

modem

classical

heard

divided

nominaUy

several

only

the

years,

a.d.

Secret

purchased

676

seventeen

the

of

copies

of

year
year

reckoning, commencing

scarce

of

of

than

more

the

of

first month

little

Complete

but

last month

Zihireeyeh."

the
and

never

of

my

Chap.

XXIL

of

copy

it

written

were

ago.

To

acquaintance

with

century
few

the

way

of

introduction,

of the

to

El-Melik

the

at

he

obliged

his

to

wife,

about

to

debt

him

him,

of her

deceased

property, which

Beybars

shewed

by

attracted
to

of

the

of

enmity

En-Nasiree,

and

Wezeer

ed-Deen,

the

F.dt'meh,

to

came

of his

sister

of the
who
to

Es-Sdleh,
on

of

him

her

of

an

death.

bow

embassy

to

the

ing
exhibit-

signalizing

him

which

obnoxious

(or rather

husband

which

-maker).

generosity

Governor)
plots

many

After

the

she

called

was

the

contrived

the

of her whole

master

lady

her

of her

him

achievements,

Bdsha

and

new

whom

son

Beybars,

rendered

but

but

with

struck

disposition, and

put him
of

the

purchased

This

of

noble

general admiration,

him,

idiot

having neglected

(daughter

worthy

presented

deformed

name

extraordinary

numerous

Syria, 'Eesa

sitt

made

Akwdsee

jealousy and

insnare

and

great.

very

himself

proofs

many
himself

was

Bint-El-

sitt Fdt'meh

son,

the

creditors

person

bench

him

his

of

was

sister-in-law, found

condition, she

gave

of

son

'Alee

strongly resembling

his

pitying

brother, adopted

fall from

to

had

that

for

memlook,

young

as

was

son,

named

captive

one

this

situation

this

youth's countenance,
lost, and

her

upon

in

and

brated
cele-

youth

a
a

by

immediately

Khuwdrezm.
to

missioned
com-

seventy-five

them,

to

visit to his wife, her

suffered

idiot, and

of

of

and

purchased

romance,

King
Mahmood

being

Egypt,

Beybars),

give

wait

long

the

beat

this

of

of

added

called

to

to

not

paying

master,

have

to

hero

lieu

in

remained

the

of

foreign countries,

have

to

(or Gakmak)

Damascus,

him

and

(afterwards

after

soon

from
Sultan

related

Syria

Jakmak

volume;

second

something

say

of

translation

the

slight

some

Ibn-El-Warrdkah,

famous

(a

principal

Mahmood

must

memlooks

is

welee),

8hdh

'Alee

procure

in

insert
of

to

than

first volume.

es-Sdleh

memlooks

shall

commencement

named

person

work,

less

or

reader

my

at

contents

after,

this

more

years

introduce

pages

but, by

few

115

EZ-zAhIR,

OF

ROMANCE

of

to

time, Negma

sister

of

and

to

Damascuis,

116

hifl sister-in-law.

visit

accompanied
offices of

of

thus

Eybek

said

or

thou

shalt

:' and

Es-Saleh

him

to

and

the

the

So

the

likewise

went

Shdheen,

become

Sultdn,

for

the
here

Eybek,

and

But

Wezeer

reign.'

'

The

sovereignty.*

but

the

friends

them,

to

night,

El-Elfee,

morrow,
To-

it is
El-

since

appointing

On

and

rose

and

head

the

the

in

there

went

his

with

Et-Turkumdnee,

Kala-oon

for

patent

deewdn;

Eybek

them
the

with

his

Kise, O
thou

he

is

Kala-oon

Beybars

troops,

said,

the

is

:
*

make
It

cannot

be

the

Wezeer

the
no

Wezeer

the
them

of

to

have

'I

present
one

and

throne,

answered,

here

the

said

Then

sit upon

and

troops;

Sultdn.'
shall

one

no

replied, By thy head,

pleases,'said

Beybars

patent appointing thee

Beybars

sovereignty:

his

soldiers.

Beybars

hast

Emeer

with

deewAn,

Emeer

The

armed.

with

Shaheen

thou.'
*As

the

to

crowded

Wezeer

the

the

Emeer

SuMn;

they answered,

up

to

up
was

for

him

the

deewan

Beybars

manner,

'Aldy-ed-Deen (or 'Ala-ed-Deen) El-Beyseree,

deewdn

desire

the

:* and

troops, all of

his

said

for

Emeer

Emeer

the

all

wrote

Wezeer

the

and

Emeer

like

In

will

answered,

assembled

to

up

we

either

Kala-oon

and

the

To-morrow

troops, and

go

brought
and

partisans:

this.

do

Beybars,
and

Wezeer

his house, and

also

they passed

went

also

troops,

the

sovereignty
and

thither

Emeer

Eiyoob

eye.*

morning,

the

the

Eiyoob,

Emeer
to

his

and

make

to

es-Saleh

reign

The

of

troops, and

The

El-Afram

yourselves,

desire

the

particular

death

his

our

they agreed

of

arm

with

to

El-Afram.

Kala-oon,

with

El-Bahluw^n

adherents

in

Emeer

be.'

Shdheen

Eydemir

and

became

es-Sdleh

and

the

to

deewan

Wezeer

Melik

promoted

was

the

assembly

an

the

to

up

let it be

our

and

followed

Kala-oon

Emeer

Eybek

go

the

and

together

the

Sultan

So

he

Shdheen

Wezeer,

of El-Melik

death

called

Wezeer

be

chief

immediately

the

thither

will

there

and

related.

After

"

the

which

events

thither;

Beybars

Egypt,

to

return

high dignity by Es-Sdleh,

favourite

are

him

his

On

XXIL

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

Eybek.

will
*Is

not

the

Chap.

XXII.

sovereignty
Wezeer

Eybek

Kala-oon

Emeer

'

replied,

We

Shdheen.

the
him

he

'

must

we

and

but

Eybek

and

wait

them,

to

him

for

let it be.'

Upon

this, the

El-Beyseree,

deewdn,

and

and

to

tents

knew

that

between

the

King

Shdheen

Emeer

Es-Sileh

"

Tooman

Cairo,
the

thou

of the

was

'Adileeyeh

The

Bey,
near

the

in

the

"

house

of

of

the

neighbourhood

of that

went

mosque.

in

of

Flight

Bab

mosque
906

en-Nasr.

'

and

Now

Wezeer

dissension

the

took

and

house,

the

So

Beybars.

said

and

departing

'Those

the

provisions,
the

create

the

Aldy-

from

their

his

to

him,

following day

deewdn,

of

to

the

detest

persons

of Kurds.

Eiyoob, a family

name

great gate called

the

:'

you

Beybars

down

and

the

Emeer

went

to

answered,

is the

year

before

go

and

Wezeer

will

with

'Eesa

perceived
He

thee?'

before

troops

and

The
with

on

troops wished

him,

'Then,'

Beybars

'Adileeyeh.*

from

Beybars

KalaTOon

and

brought out,

down

Wezeer

El-Karak,

The

troops,

(El-Melik)

with

hast

'What

the

We

affairs, and

the

went

Beybars

him,

be

'

come.'

he

their

their

outside

Shdheen

Emeer

Eybek

and

arranged

pitched

Wezeer

until

Wezeer

ed-Deen

their

the

Take

the

Sultdn.'

him

answered,

there

So

caused

'

this, that

Emeer

of

city

the

They

repentance!'

the

to

go

him?'

said

The

to

make

Kala-oon

and

him

bring

the

said

why,'
than

wine?'
Yes.'

'

And

reason

drink

The

; and

Yes

'

the

asked,

Beybars

respecting

other

no

answered,

thence,
said

'

'Does

Lord

our

soldiers,

Shdheen

said,

for

Kurds

The

said, 'May

bring

silent

is

reign.'

answered,
*

"Wezeer

8hdheen,

Emeer
^

Kurds

silent

ye

him

The
occupied,
un-

here

Wezeer

is at El-Karak.'

'were

wine.'

'

The

and

reign, let

said,

The

?'

Sultdn

living.' The

?'

he

were

drinks

is

son

Shdheen,
'

"

left

is 'Eesa

Wezeer

said

es-Saleh

has

name

he

El-Hillee

remain

to

present;

will

pleases.'

throne

as

we

are

whosoever

'Ezz-ed-Deen

Es-Sdleh

his

'Here
:

of El-Melik

act

he

As

the

is

to

one

no

answered,

Emeer

by force

said, 'And

Shdheen
with

son

conferred

be

to

117

EZ-zXhIK.

OF

ROMANCE

founded

by

(a.d. 1501),
The

same

El-Melik

outside

name

the

is also

el-'Adil
wall

of

given

to

118

THE

me

for

they

of

Him

things.'
to

thee
is

who

The

power

The

'Osmdn

will

before

inform

he

They

the

Wezeer

journey

to

mother,

the

of

out

house

until

in

his abode

up

El -A kwdsee.

"As
the

Melik

'Eesa,

the

attendants

they

wished

*Osm^n

the

son

Here

took

shrine

of
soon

meaning

and

of

the

them

that

they

h"ve

called

into
the

an

'Otman

his service

seyyideh

after,made
Damascus.

his

were

'Etman)

Nefeeseh

and

or

go

'Osman.'
and

rose,

in

the
took

Bint-

residence

the
of

entered

from

Masr,

El-Melik

business.
that

and

was

to

and

'Eesa, the

Ibn-"l-HebU

compelled

El^

Some

Eiyoob.

their

chief

not

entered

(great-granddaughter

mukaddam,

thou

do

and

was

with

groom,

Then

Ibn-ICamil

they

and

it.'

again presently.
they

what

and
as

him

es-Sdleh

interview

of

sitt Fdt'meh

the

for

house,

them

may

got up

Mohammad

El-Melik

to

and

until

inquired

asked

(vulgarly

Hcisan), and,

and

before

do

thee

to

the

be.'

thy (adoptive)

Esh-Shdm,

to

speak of

to

Go

Beybars

night,

mother,

there

to

Beybars

whom

have

them

informed

They

at

the

conducted

persons

of his

it

us

and

Emeer

they journeyed

El-Karak,

of

sent

journey

Ibn-El-Hebla

Dromedarist,
of

his

on

shall

'Osman

to

the

passed the

house

We

castle

the

have

So

Dro-

thee,

to

as

house

in the

shall

the

they departed.

Beybars,

stay

right.'

out

set

send

whatever

Bint-El-Akwdsee

and

house,

and

morning,

It is

and

Fdt'meh

his

to

Sh^heen,

inform

'Eesa

to

let

*So

and

El-Karalc,

!*

Great

happen, they

them,

to

There

'

the

wish

may

said

duty,' and

our

sitt

answered,

went

is

said,

is my

it

between

Ibn-K^mil

El-Melik

and

Esh-Shdm,*

the

of

desire

answered,

and

it is their

High,

whatever

Beybars

castle

It

and

secret

dissension

the

God,

tion
perfec-

to

Beybars

Mohammad

them

them

answered,

said

He

the

son,
a

Beybars,

and

it.'

sent

between

troops

of

to

troops

happen

the

us

Accordingly,
the

in

the

respect

My

Emeer

but

extol

with

create

may

The

him,

to

Ibn-El-Hebla

medairist

they

strength

said

him,

to

'Eesa.'

nor

Wezeer

said

but

all-knowing

that

El-Melik

and

no

thee

hatred

of

is

Wezeer

before

go

bearers

are

XXII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

rogue

repentance

row

of

of his servants.

the

Imam

Chap.

XXII*

El-Melik

of

son

told

ROMAKCE

the

kikhya

'Eesa, saying,
wish

and

'Osman

have

to
and

darist/

'Osman

and

tippling

am

not.'
'

drank

Then

the

until

he

their

the

house

the

house,

what

Melik

'Eesa.

who

came,

hall

of

any

The

and
and

then

reply is

entered

'Eesa.
entered

'Eesa

him

is

some
hand-

he

and

was

'Osmdn

said,

'Eesa

Come,

!'

the

King

open.'

And

The

sit

down

of

God

and

me,

sitting

and

King

and

oppose

said

to

'Osman

the

and
sat

who

to

them.

often

returned

or

and

merely,

"

to

come

*Come

what
Muslim

I have

them

down

repented

he
"

The
and

they

El-Melik

is invited

("

speak
King

have

purpose

Tubt

the
and

went

again.

when

to

and

thee.'

El-

kikhya,

them

accosted

the

with

he

to

them

were

the

while

him,

to

sat

told

down,

Tor
by

they

conducted

troops, and
hand,

his

have

asked

interview

and

went

for

them

conducted

that

an

and

inquired

attendants

have

to

'Eesa, Isaying

the

people

they answered,

attendants

Masr

city of El-Karak,
city, and

the

their

and

'Alay-ed-Deen
the

and

wished

intoxicating beverage

kikhya

forgiveness

beg

The

l^ey

very

they beheld

where

said

'Osmd,n

and

them,

kissed

trees.

repentance

received

to

by

said, 'Obey

Kala-oon

The

went

wine

God,

Drome-

intoxicated.

and

of

with

down;

sat

object

and

'

King

of

they

Masr,

troops

This

exclaimed,

El-Melik

the

until

audience,

informed

'Eesa

welcome,

and

their

of

rose,

Ho

tents, and

and

was

rose,

of

of El-Melik

troops

to

keeping

became

journeyed

pitched

him

door

Eybek

troops

serving

'Osman

Why,

"Now

named

is

El-Melik

candelabrum,

was

Masr,

the

saw

El-

told

The

to

and

King,

the

repentant.^

him,

'

him

they

one

'Osman.'

brought

surrounded

'Osmdn

drink.'

me

in

answered,

King
and

be

call

the

him

the

and

from

thee

to

thee

and

and

went

come

went
;

Ibn-Kamil

*Go,

towards

fountain

are

them

to

he

so

with

and

him,

was

thou

Mayst

men

before

memlook

Two

said,

took

and

sitting by

errand

other, Mohammad

looked

attendants

ispoke

their

interview

King

and

returned,

'

an

the

The

and

came

with

The

Eiyoob.

who

him

acquainted
Melik

es-Saleh

119

EZ-zi.HIR.

OF

").

to

ye
drink

120

THE

come?'

They
in

he

Sultto?'
be

name

of

Masr.'

him

He
name

bars?'

said

is

him,

there

El-Melik

'Eesa,

with

the

will

accuse

Emeer

He

The

encamped,

and

would

ask

not

and

went

Beybars, who

them

the

Good.'

Wezeer

father
his

of

me.'

thither,

the
to

The
camp

Beybars,'
and

Wezeer

Shdheen

then

and

Mohammad

'Osmdn.

Meanwhile,

the

to

kissed
He
El-Melik

thee

'

is in

deewd-n,

bring proof against

the

troops had
with

went,

The
'

went

the
Wezeer

have
to

been

his

'Osmdn,

that

Eshwith

him.'

plotting.

troops, outside

Dromedarist
asked

no

to

'The

answered,

the

The

death

told

Wezeer,

said,

?'

natural

the

am

King

father

my

in

and

answered,
'Eesa

The

King

him,

'

city,
thou

Art

'

he

but

the

him,

who

the

said

camp

answered,

and

Ibn-Kdmil

his hand.

to

by

The

troops, and

entered

poisoned

charge
that

him, and

coming,

forth

their

father.'

thy

father?'

perceived

the

in

respecting

his

so

He

Lord:

poisoned thy father,

"

in

departed

having

Wezeer

to

thee, they

went

with

said

?'

who

go

the

they

troops

of

Shdm:

So

with

the

said

is

information

So

father

Beybars,

mercy

told

troops

the

with

sat

remain

us

questions, and

my

poisoned thy

Beybars

thy father,

'Eesa, who

'

await

of

see

we

they passed

out, and

they

thee

other

any

the

is

if

Bey-

come:

then

go

approached

the

saw

replied, Thy

Wezeer

and

One

is

yet

They
:

killed

where

not

he.

who

there.

poisoned

where

And

to

Shdheen

Shdheen,

Wezeer

is

victim

following morning,
to

and

answered,

El-Melik

to

the

Wezeer

bringing

Wezeer

'He

died,

whose

answered,

And

'

absence

wish

our

the

remained

and

his

on

Beybars
of

us

Beybars.'
camp,

It is

'

Shdheen,

for

camp;

'

in

They

him.'

God,

him

on

so,' said

and, rising

him

replied,

Even

has

him

thee

es-S4leh, is

of

mercy

father

avenge

killed

aspersing Beybars

night

"

him.'

'

'The

Thy

killed

They

make

to

come

father, El-Melik

My

Lord

Beybars

he.

before

came

him

Who

'

replied,

on

our

may

asked,

whose

said,

They

exalted, be

injustice:
""*

He

have

'We

XXII.

Chap.

BaTPTIANS.

answered,

Sultdn
not

MODERN

him

tidings
and

said

came

ing
respectof
to

him.'

him.

122

THE

Aboo-Farmeli^

created

thee

detest

said,

let

not

suflfer

and

them,
and

'Osmdn,

call

remain

in

with

the

when

he

throne,
'J'he

of

the

the

lane

out

to

the

chicken

him,

the

and

bring
*

the

Emeer

'Eesa

Beybars

?'

for

the

(El-Afram)
also

Grooms,

"*

Sometimes

lane

from

He

of

sake

which

again,

as

in the

romance

was

This

prepared
Sultan

is

an

for

Es-Saleh.

allusion

Beybars,

to

the

of

coarse

with

'Osmdn

gave

the

Send

to
of

name

here

woman,

him

who

to

cried

and

will

the
be

went

struck

Shdheen,

to

El-Bey-

vile

said,

Wezeer

and

informed

King;
go,

and
the

him
the

Wezeer

translated.

footmen.
entered.
of Ez-Zahir

"

latter

"

Bashi

of Syria.
"

"

*Al"y-ed-Deen*s having

when

The

horse, and

joke, changes

house

the

cotton-

'Eesa

him,

then

rude

running

the

upon

of the

?'

son

and

too

house.

departed

sat

lane

saw

answered,

also

Esh-Sham

and

him

Wezeer

appellation

an

employed

He
his

and

descended,

returned,

said
The

into

called

fell from

of the

El-Melik

thou

?'*

seat,

Syria respecting Beybars.

Emeer

"

entered

'Osmdn

atest

armed

'AMy-ed-Deen

remember,

thou

King

'Osm^n,

Shaheen

he

Emeer

The

thou

bastinading.

horse,

bring

cotton-weavers.

which

and

the

him.

sent

Dost

'

his

mother.'

and

go

him

to

the

of

him

he

So

his

the

Beybars

court

is in the

He

'

Emeer

deewdn,

of

King*

of

will

*Send

answered,

mace

house

who

Shaheen,

seree.'

of the

the

to

Syria answered,

in

weavers,

procession

On

'

he took

in the

until

journeyed

inquired

King

The

and

sdises, and

then

'Eesa, he mounted

in

went

rows

placed them

them,

arm

answered,
the

house.

bars
Bey-

cotton-weavers,'

'Osmdn

in two

fellows

them.'

from

saises,^and

the

of

es-S41eh.'

Those

'

us

assembled

the

troops, and

troops, and

and

he

of

El-Melik

to

lane

stand

court

to

come

enter.'

And

them

the

the

'Eesa, and

father, El-Melik
*Osman.

have

troops

El-Melik

together the

to

troops
eye.'

all his

"As

no

made

in

sat

armed

the

and

head

will

harm

but

any

his

God,' said

them

and

'

of

and

which

debt

said, *The

me

poisoning

beg the forgiveness

loan, and

then

between

of

me

is

me

upon

XXII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

Beybars

dissension

accused

have
*

inflicted

repaid "him/

be

must

MODERN

had

just

eaten

a, dish

entered

the

that

had

service

been
of

the

Chap.

XXII.

EOMANCE

Wezeer

Eybek.'

and

call

go,

him,
0

the

Wezeer

but

and

the

On

tell me,

by arbitrary

power

The

the

Wezeer

Shdheen,

*So

from

any

has

equal

against him,
The

King

said,

Then

"

and

the

went

him
Farmeh

me

! the

has

Thou

time

of

the

'Osmdn.

'

me,

and

the

Emeer

Come

to

?'

Shdheen

Wezeer
and

'Osmdn

found

exclaimed,

'

in

The

Emeer

said

'Osmdn
The

El-Melik

'Eesa

accusation

'What

said

and

stubborn,
he

for

is

accusation
father.'

the

city
the

of

El

he

with

his

said,

Karak;

Wezeer,

Wezeer

Shaheen
sent

thee

me

in the

hast

thou

then
to thee

deew^n

said,
:

to

and

And
way

tinading
basit.'

so,'
of

Beybars,.

Emeer

he

intends

of

Esh-Shdm,

to

He

return
'

found
'

me

him.

sharply reprimanded

heard

Wezeer.

gave

I want

and

The

in hand

the

He

'

him,

me.*

Beybars

sword

that

to

out

knew

surrounding

asked

thy master,

saw

Emeer

which

surrounded

and

I called

and

give

to

night,

last

and

thus, the

'

how

must

dream?'

me,

and

;
;

'Osman

!' and

'

debt

dream

thy

attacked

running,
sdises

know

Wezeer,

mount

the

Aboo-

snare,

and

deewdn,

'Osmdn'saw

the

thou

them

by

the

weavers.

was

Arabs

the

against

thyself

thy

from

said, 'My

out

hath

said
thus

poisoned

come

Dost

calling

Beybars

escape.'

or

not

bring

into

is

Beybars!

'Osman

to

cotton-

Emeer

and

the

Then

army

descended

Wezeer

upon

down

came

bring

law,

to

for

the

he

is very

therefore

fallen

The

some

Beybars,
O

fear

for

that

payment

straitened

me,

hast

dreamed,'

was

host

creditor.

travelling,and

was

fear

the

of

true.'

proved

Beybars

Wezeer

spake

for

Shdheen

'

to

and

Eise,

'

let it be.'

lane

bastinading

saw

him,

the

said,

returned

So

be:

by law

prove

Wezeer

to

and

and

The

By law.'

because
;

and

whole

the

to

shed

be

troops

many

himself

be

than

motive

troops, lest blood

and

it

let

'Eesa,

according

said,

King

bring

can

but, before

him

Eybek,

"one

El-Melik

eye

with

deal

thou

the

the

and

head

No

Beybars.'

bring

wilt

other

said,
said

Then

Wezeer

Rise, 0

Eybek

Wezeer.'

Shdheen,

answered,

said,

King

Beybars:'

except

him,

The

123

EZ-z1hIB.

OF

prefer an
charging

124

MODERN

THE

thee

with

thy soldiers,
that

which

be.'

He

all

armed

tHou

r"eybars answered,
father, and
evidence

the

said

against

thee.'

King,

are

The

'Al^y-ed-Deen.'
bear

witness

answered,

They

the

anything

of

witnesses

beside

informed

me

men

those

brought

and

attendants,

said

them,

to

added,

for

the

King asked,
I have
'

been

to

condition

inflict upon

Why,

Beybars

thee

festivities

and

gham
"

three
El-Melik
the

the

this
and

were

"

the

King
feast

:"

and

The
the

if thou

the

mander-in-chief
com-

Because

King

said,

vowed
'

I make

wine,

It

is

replied,

guns
remained

no

The

King

Emeer

and

they

Emeer

I have

drink

King
the

made,
and

They

Beybars said,
the

Emeer

kaftans.'

no

and

invested

one

Beybars,

wine.'

that

was

celebrated

on

Emeer

King,

hadd

it

Beybars answered,

the

any

no

the

Beybars said,

Beybars

'

thou

kaft^.'

thee,

drinkest

and

thee, 0

with

kaf^n

thou

let it be,' said

So

right.' Upon
with

that

know

we

None

with

Invest

put

?'

lord

es-Sdleh

with

Bring

'

But

wiU

and

0 my

Emeer

appoint

army.'

dignity,

told

repent.'

repentance
a

'

ye

King, those
Beybars.' El-

reconciled

became

of the
desire

the

detest

*Do

do

and

said, '0

Kddee

to his

He
and

;'

The

Here,'

Hast

'

replied,

King

I have

them,

said,

?'

adduce

Kala-oon

it, nor

saw

Kddee

The

they.'

said

one.

The

?'

thereupon

Beybars, and

Beybars

matter.'

but

'Eesa

neither

we

hypocrites,

are

Melik

Never

'

to

father

my

poisoned El-Melik

said

see.'

us

asked

Beybars

that

me

who

said,

and

Eybek

the

to

judge, and

Let

say
let it

poisoned thy

King

said,

Wezeer

Emeer

against

The

Beybars

the

'

the

before

here.'

is

that

So

up

poisoned

me

but

'

all

arm

went

'Eesa

who

against

charge

K"dee

the

evidence

the

bring

of El-Melik

Prove

not

answered,

soldiers, and

Beybars,

Emeer

fear

and

Beybars

his

thou

do

Now,

deewdn,

hand

the

the

father.

thee.'

clear

kissed

and

the

to

come

shall

Art

'

and

then

deewdn,
him,

his

having poisoned

XXIL

Chap.

EGYPTIA.N8.

'

Beybars
fired,

were

in Esh-

days.
*Ees^

first

then

gave

day's journey.

orders
On

for
the

departure, and
second

day they

formed
percame

Chap.

to

XXII.

ROMANCE

valley, celebrated

director

in

the

and

birds

the

Pardoner.

which

will

we

came

the

pass

moon

the

by

side

of

Abu-1-Kheyr,
King

said

wine.'

him,

to

the

of

repentance

ten

pieces

him

him,

thou

and

answered,

servant

it to the
before

the

wine

Beybars.
King

Beybars

when

and

Emeer

this

have
now,

hour
to

or

to-morrow

morning.*
'Osm^n

ask

come

And

; and

'Eesa

told

and

to

out

said

said

thee

the

the

to

filled

and

his

the

King
his

turned

him,

to

'

whether

Emeer

him,

we

'Osman,

him
and

said

he

and

the

Emeer

coming
Abu-1to

and

The

/'

hay

himself

art

came

sitting

brook,

eyes,

ing;
pray-

[which
the

saw

thou

come

Beybars answered,

didst

our

thou

vexed
not

journey

said, 'To-morrow

returned,

handed

and

salutation

King

to

The

shall continue

The

gave

him

Wherefore

Beybars
'

the

door

clover 1^

saw

set

The

him

the

pentance
re-

hiy

master,

into

cup

'

call out

Hay

drink

to

King

saw

The

convent,

cup,

tents

King,

pronounced

morning.'
the

call

by the

Go, sleep : it is late.'

him,

to

vowed

he

coming,

Abu-1-Kheyr

had

and

he

was

prayers], he

Beybars,

see

And

bottle, and

he

the

terminates

Beybars

threw

the

removed

Kheyr

obey

wine

hand.

King said,

the

came.

immediately

The

of

called

not

and

went,

called

tent, and

he

so

thou

Self-

period

longing

large bottle;

El-Melik

of

Hast

his

to

'Osman

pavilion

kissed

changed
un-

the

he

so

I have

not

night

drink

to

went

Right.'

'

longing

then

dost

Now

King.

drinking

at

thou

as

the

the

was

:' and

Emeer

tents.

Living,

It

and

servant

the

see

long

as

from

thence

the

the

remaineth

me

The

gold.

here

tents

Everlasting

do thou

so

Mighty,

and

'

Beybars

is open

of

brought

Emeer

the

greensward

answered,

the

they pitched

Abu-1-Kheyr,

servant

to

If

'

brooks,

brightness,

felt

him,

to

King,

Pitch

God,

and

came

the
'

the

Prophet,

trees, and

creation.

King

brook

who

The

'

the

the

and

the

upon

and

the

of

So

the

of

were

said,

its

but

shone

stars

subsisting, looked
full

with
:

it

praises

night.'

departed

the

in

'Eesa

its darkness

the

the

sang

day

with

heaven

to

125

halting-place

El-Melik

here

the

And

as

way

EZ-zAhIR.

OF

with
tell

me

12B

THE

that

the

and

found

the

Sultdn

King

it over,

him

thou

do

They

"

'Osman

'Adileeyeh,and
0

lord

our

King

lord

the

the

Imdm.'

and

on

the

in

state

thither,

and

him

the

into

him

the

mosques

the

Emeer

the

Emeer

of

the

El-Melik

grieved

at

from

descended
like

manner

went

to

two

their

the

dee wan,

the

Emeer

The

Two

and

went

the

the

Kandtir
.

the

pulpits

soldiers
The

and

Sultan
self,
him-

Sultdn.

So

and

King

Eiyoob,
and

to

their

and

Beybars,
The

houses
in

the

Kala-oon

hated

rejoiced.

the

him

upon

troops
;

and

procession,

es-Sibaa.*

Magnified King.
bridges

over

the

Canal

of

Cairo,

in the

of

sovereignty, after

descended

Beybars
t/

coined
the

Eybek

friends

sword,

:'*wherefore

on

partisans, who

his

up

conducted

They

es-Sdleh

el-Mo'azzam.

by

and

conferring

patents

this; but

his house

be

then

went

thence

from

kaftdns

visited

and

'Ulama

for him

of El-Melik

'Eesa
and

to

procession

commander-in-chief.

Beybars,

patent

in

el-Mo'azzam

with

invested

had

'Aldy-ed-Deen

were

El-Melik

prayed

the

Emeer

Beybars

sovereignty

and

he

out

patent, conferring the

upon

in

and

Beybars,

wrote

patent

and

name,

drew

visit

to

'Adileeyeh";

Eiyoob

el-Mo'azzam.'

'Ees^

his

'

The
of the

thee

sovereign,

as

he

and

inscribed

was

with

money

and

armoury

named

they

him

tomb

rode

the

and

Citadel:

inaugurated

which

upon

the

to

the

the

at

es-Sdleh

father, El-Melik

his

of

Masr.'

procession, and

in

returned

and

Imdm,

at

thing is right, 0

Sultdn

the

following morning

the

at

Beybars said,

conduct

night

that

They

arrived

visit
The

I will

remained

They

the

tomb

went

the

said,

to-morrow

had

Emeer

to

following

departure.

arrivecl

now

desire, 0 Beybars,

Sultdn

the

visit

then

have

we

the

on

they

tents, the

[Esh-Shdfe'ee].' Beybars

our

to

Sultdn,

answered,

Imam

their

pitched

the

when

and

smoothed

silent.

was

for

orders

gave

Masr

towards

journeyed
*

'Eesa

and

been,

against

has

he

as

Beybars

there

night

falsehood

Like

I have

Now

utter

matter.*

no

the

El-Melik

morning

answered,

also

passed

thou

Dost

praying.

?*

wine

sitting drinking

was

XXII.

Chap

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

south-west

part of the

town.

Chap.

XXIL

ROMANCE

Now

"

the

Shegeret-ed-Durr

queen

el-Mo'azzam.

He

and

her,

he

of

said

He

She

exclaimed,

God

Oh

thee

bring

respecting

the

him

all the

above

him

God;

before

before

God.'

me.'

after

said
and

me

said,
the

On

"

Give

'

To-morrow,

El-Melik

'Eesa

brought

Give

the

brought
a

little

has

bottle

longer
said,

Kala-oon

breakfasted
*

he

dish

;
'

and

and
O

again

he

said,

'Alay-ed-Deen,
upon

of lamb's

kaware'.'^
feet, cooked

with

it

seems

Upon
garlicand

me

when

So

filled

court,

to

the

he
and

said

and

again,
servant
He

sat

to

drink.'

the

Sultan

me

this,

to

And

drank,

the

that

said

him.

it back.

Give

said,

thee, Give

And

gave

was

and

wine, and

longer,

drank, and

he

and

resembling

and

this

hall

wine.'

winked

;'and

She

day before,

the

Abu-1-Kheyr.'
he

the

to

say

to drink

little

time

the

troops

water-bottle

sat

drink,

to

me

the

Then

drink

to

me

the

longing

between

rose.

and

throne,

King

After

and

full of

garden,

him

to

it.

returned

the

The

father.'

my

to him

said

court, and

my

upon

Give

had

water-bottle

sat

Abu-1-Kheyr,

I hold

plants, he felt

of

branches

he

him

for him

Abu-1-Kheyr,

to

with

sovereignty

wrote

and

court

he winked

troops, resembled

with

he

day he held
Now

me

the

short

passed the night,

and

And

when

bring

him

loved

with

him.'

they hate

charge

thy life, I have

poisoned

chatting with

drink.'

to

me

drink,

to

forgiveness

troops.

'

he

dissension

said,

father

sovereignty.'

created

that

asserted

following

filled with

the

chiefs

Those

saloon,

the

him

name

She

covenant

thy father, also,

upon

remained

to his

And

wife

covenant

him

beg God's

Queen

thy

him

Thy

into

entered

hand

/ The

is

gave

patent conferring upon

and

him,

'I

went

her,

to

then

saying,

his

then.'

me

by

said,

She

She

'Eesa

Shegeret-ed-Durr.*

Queen,

patent, conferring
then

and

answered,

for

I, also, made

and

He

for him

written

chiefs,

what

Ed,timeh

Beybars

kissed

answered,

And

! pray

repentance

Emeer

She

She
*

Queen

The

! welcome

to

thou

art

El-Melik

to

gent

palace.

es-Sdleh.'

replied,
*

her

to

Who

thy father, El-Melik

said he.

"

to

went

127

EZ-zAhIR.

OF

Wezeer

the

vinegar,

"c.

128

answered,
Wezeer,

however,

perceived the

vexed.

The

then

court

Wezeer

The

take retribution
The

Wezeer

up

wine

of

said

The

and

was

troops descended.

the

and

house, and

his

to

smell

King

flatulent.*

and

him,

to

the

him

with

took

also descended, and

Shdheen

Beybars

Emeer

broke

The

eaten?'

thou

heated

is

stomach

My

hast

'What

him,

asked

Shdheen

XXIL

Chap.

EGYFTIANB.

MODERN

THE

God

May

'

thee, O Beybars.' Beybars said, Why

from

answered,

didst

thou

Because

'

accept the

not

sayest thou this ?' asked

sovereignty.' But for what reason
Beybars. The Wezeer said, The Sultdn to-day drank wine,
When
the Vicar
while sittingupon the throne, three times.
of God, in administering the law, intoxicates
himself,his
decisions are
null, and he has not any right to give them.'
Beybars replied, I made a condition with him, that if he
*

wine,

drank
wrote

him
the
inflict upon
to that effect in Esh-Shdm.'

I should

document

said the Wezeer,

he holds

when

take the water-bottle, and

smell.'

Beybars answered,

went

to his house

rose,

and

And

court, and

the

to

troops ; and he kissed

the hand

place. Presently the

Abu-1-Kheyr.' And

Sult^

and

the.Sultdn

and

said, Give

is medicinal

water.'

desire for it.'

said,

Good.'

basin.'

it
*

And

basin

of the

contents

wine.

was

Is it allowed

thyself?
of
upon

It is

thee the

took

by God

"

hadd

The

the

make
to

the

answered,

servant

Beybars

they saw

his Vicar, and

to

vow

I not

'

Beybars

thee. If thou

;" and did

ITiis

I have

servant.

troops ; and

Emeer

thee

"

said, Bring a
he poured into it the

and

the

to be

'

bottle, and

the

brought

thee

say

drink, O

to

me

brought

rose-water,' said the

said

and

sat in his

harm,' said Beybars :

No

bottle before

I not

filled with

it

found

said, 'Give

servant

Then

Did

wine,

he

was

and

perceivedhis

of the Sultdn, and

drink.'

to

me

water-bottle,
Beybars took hold of the water-bottle,

the

drank.

'

him

right.* And he rose, and

he passed the night,and

It is

sorrowful.

went

is in it.

To-morrow,'

his court, observe

what

see

;" and

hadd

"

to

the Sultan,
to intoxicate

relinquishthe
drink

write

that

it I will

document

ing
drinkinflict
to that

130

THE

sleep,

that

so

and

they
him

convey

warriours

(or

is
Sultdn

"

and

is

the

of

"

GuwAn

"

studied

deeply
retains

for

metropolis

Sheehah,

few

of

work

other
the

depends

greatly

to

"

term

the

^^

having

the

and

Egyptian
Beybars,

against

from
the

of

recitations

of

Mohaddit

who

this
often

his

above

:"

of

plotting

talents

the

Hasheesheeyeh,"

Assassins

romance,

obtaining,

Kadee

derived

stories

the

remark

this

who,

in

of

chiefs.

entertainment

of

the

office

Muslim

improves

Since

the

and

description.
in

succeeds

self
him-

to

become

similar

Christian,

perpetually

upon

introductions

is

and

and

Much

law,

years,

has

characters

in.

success,

disguises

name

European

in

**

described

is

allegiance

adroitness

remarkable

John),

who
with

to.

of

these

of

wa-1-Hosoon

"),

his

XXII.

leisure,

chief

generally

persons

Muslim

el-Kilda

his

of

more

(or

Sultdn

character,

appellation

Another

The

Feddwees

From

Proteus-like

his

the

their

at

would/

and

all

him

Fortresses

engaged,

Beybars.

to

"

and

reduce

to

common

the

they

Castles

the

bind

to

called

constantly

endeavouring

plots,

whither

of

almost

as

able

were

Sheehah,"

"

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODEBN

this,

his

by

action,

and

by

witty

invention.

own

was

which

therefore,

written,
is

found

have

exactly

synonymous

decides

the

question.

that

with

"1-Idreesee

"

applies

Hashshasheen,"

131

CHAPTER

PUBLIC

XXni.

OF

RECITATIONS

ROMANCES

Cmtinued.

"

is, in Cairo,

There

called

are

'Andtireh,"

"

but

"'Anteree");*
of

the

other

six.

the
"

"

of

I'he

it.

the

poetry

they

and

have

in

poetry

the

this

listen

who

is the

the

more

in

the

of

portion

of

readers
account

no

they chant

popular

the

of

from

romance

give

book

manner

rabdb.

As

the

by

the

understood

mostly

are

to

English

to

it from

it

at

appellation

imperfectly

to

either

number

amounting

known

accompaniment
is very

work

their

considerable

they read,

prose

not

those

vulgar,

the

singular

than

translation, I need
it read

the

numerous

not

As

become

Hamilton's

but

(in

recitations, which

has

of

"

mentioned

").

who

of romances,

above-mentioned

*Antar

reciters
;

less

before

their

interesting work
Terrick

reciters

'Antereeyeh

much

the

bear

(" Secret

by Mr.

of

rightly informed,

subject of

'Antar

this

be

"

are

classes

They

chief

class
or

they

two

present, if
than

third

persons

of

than

that

some

education.
'Andtireh

The

which

also

their

derive

they

]\lug4hideen
commonly,
Pronounced

This, being
name

"possession,made
to

be

iiame

at

least

is written

History

of

up

three
"

^^

of

works
All

the
or

'

of

Warriours
'*

"

Zu-1-Himmeh,"

'*

fragments
old.

centuries

Zu-l-Himmeh."

in the

of

this
In

some

portions

work.
of the

One
more

told,
el

Secret
or,
^

more

from

Delhem'eh.

Pronounced

older

from

am

"),

appellation,is evidentlya corruption

Delhemeh

them,

called

romance

Delhemeh,"

masculine

is written

other

from

'Anter'ee.

The

Secret

"

The

("

from

appellation.

stories

occasionally relate
"

recite

of

of

some

these
modern

of the
volumes

portions

former.
in

my

appears

fragments, the

132

MODERK

THE

XXHI.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS,
"

heroine

is the

who

since, they

"), a
"The

work

The

"

Arabian

scarcity of copies ot
recitations

why
of

them

copy

of

price

demanded

his

"The

and

One

of

Egypt

it is too

for

pay.

because

sufficient

reader

from

which

draw

materials

the

related

in

than

scarce

told,

were

that

I have

of

the

and

work,

scarcely legible ;

many

other
read

according
the

Desert

Umeiyeh

to

not

in

in
and

preface,are

the

times

E1-' Abbas,

all the

audiences
the

in the

even

the

copies,I

present

of

chief

the

warlike

the

It is

my

composed

forty-

good specimen
and

this

exploits of
of
from

the
the

in
of

attention,

subjects of

Khaleefehs

all

pages),

part written

of which,

demand

am

portion consisting

forty-sixth and

greater

The

more

long search,

After
a

Cairo

adventures
is

The

of it is

works

in

ITiis work

of

the

now

take

feeling to

of

consequence

first volume.
the

Muslims

romances

some

would

former

subjects that

the

Thousand

The

(containing, together, 302

were

hand

only

of

procuring

The

the

as

modem

of their

portion, consisting

the

Aboo-

of

of

of

fifty-fivevolumes.
in

the

mentioned.

before

volumes

three

reciters

sketch

"

to

notion

of Delhemeh.

in

volumes.

of

give

succeeded

another

it in

war.

amusement

of those

always

first

seventh

the

romance

any

the

have

to

chosen

Bedawee

of

some

professional

I shall

the

have

may

for

day,

present

reason

found,

is

are

that

remains

great delight in hearing tales of

my

great

complete

romances

preferred

it is certain

but

Nights;"

That

the

the

by

fragments

when

reciter

Delhemeh,

'Antar, and

have

Leyleh

recitation

of

great for

and

The

even

and

whether

doubt

"Seyf

country,

Nights'*

One

and

"Seyf

("Elf

our

longer heard

no

of

is, I believe, the

diflficulty
procured

Zeyd, Ez-Zdhir,
subjects

are

years

wonder

Entertainments.**
works

two

Thousand

to

power

these

in

few

and

of

Nights"

known,

Nights'

of them

with

are

One

commonly

romance

tales

with

and

El-Yezen/'

"Seyf

abounding

"), more

the

from

called

Thousand

wa-Leyleh
title of

recited

(vulgarly

El-Yezel

in the work.

character

frequently

Zu-1-Yezen"

from

chief

the

I have

work,

Arabs
houses

of

of

narratives

Chap.

XXIII.

ROMANCE

OF

133

DELHEMEH.

of various

writers

but

of

none

their

them

shews

them

'Andtireh

and

follows.

as

be

work

(they say)

great

so

Arab
of

that

warriours,

the

kind

same

el-Mugdhideen,
who,

he

as

his

book

to

surpass

Of
the

principal

of the

Arab

tribes

other

virtues

Khaleefehs

for which

the

Khaleefeh

was

selves

on

the
the

chief

this

chief

of

made

he

in

faults;

without

nor

copyists.

to

"

to

us

shall

the

of

one

give

now

an

girl, named

married.

She

lEissertion that

the

in

pregnant

its author.

the

of

of

the

them*

El-Haris,

wealth.

which

the

but

prided

he

in
was

took

'Antar, and

his

wont

captive

Viol),

and, during her

romance

tribes

who

tribes,

(or
;

Hegdz

unrivalled

excursions
other

famous,

so

are-

collective

horseman

Er-Rabdb

was

the

their

on

genera] despise the

"1-Asma'ee

Desert

in

of the

none

hospitality, and

Benee-Suleym,

against

became

Umeiyeh,

of the

over

the

told, that, in the

are

courage,

Arabs

predatory

make

of

power,

Benee-Kildb,
the

to

'Ulami

house

we

territory was

of

beautiful

The

narratives

introduces

work,

work,

distinction, and

of

one

frequently

'

in

surpassed

of

in

the

of the

whose

desert

day,

eloquence,

abounds

attributable

read, which

of the

Benee-Kildb,

viceroy

the

his

Delhemeh

of

beauties,

in

unknown,
in

of

Secret

the

now

Antar

length

romance

I have

characters

of

all tales

for

forty-five volumes,

without

the commencement

times

the

in

of

translation.

abridged
At

the

perhaps, mostly

are,

of what

part

in

him

is not

latter

author

some

created

adventures

compiled

was

'Antar,*

of

and

made

was

equal the author

fifty-five. The

the

by

being generally

poetry, which
but

these

from

Delhemeh,

or

not

'Antar

and

and

could

determined

diligent search

is

romance

history

subjects of the

the

on

the

vulgarly called,

extremely popular,

became

tives
narra-

which

of this
is

the

compiled,

their

account

he

(or, as

or

enthusiasm

an

The

history and

style of

generally give

El-Asma'ee

mentioned

are

their

the

modem.

not

El-Asmo'ee,) composed,
that

; but

Mohadditeen
When

"

present known

uncertain

to

authors

of the

names

at

are

alike

are

age

nine

whom

he

pregnancy,
ridicule

the

134

THE

that

dreamed

it

searched

immediately
bear

of

son

renowned

in

be

her

he

child

'*
"

This

is his

this

fell sick

his

of

her

family

Benee-Kildb."
short

and

and

conduct

dress

breast.

she

state

the

it in
tied

the

piece

the

amulet

Scarcely

had

led

her

of

to

she

that

its
done

By
to

to

and

one

else"

which
arm

Here

road,

She

and

this, when

and

nantly
indigfrom

his

in

this

wasted

the

and

She

tore

the

in his breast

labour

she

ment
settle-

received

ran

to

night,
any

gratify.

that

the

belonged

the

son.

to

return

had

excited

she

brook

linen

of

to

premature
birth

who

in

obtain

coming
to

from

and

Arabs

to

Darim.

beauty had

water

Emeer

and

kept

they approached

the

fiight

gave

This

intention

consent

occasioned

with

wrapped

her

must

but

was

Devil,

that

she

refused

miserable

her

which

their

and

determined

her.

of the

Most

slave

the

this, El-H4ris

determined

black

Hegaz

subjected

accompany

chief
the

by

told

passion

infant

after

been

midnight

at

whose

tempted

impudently

to

mentioned

of Arabs

base

Soon

she

the

of

death, and

Er-Rabdb,

husband

they departed
slave,

his

at

persuaded

having

without

had

KiMb

of

Arabs

upon

of

of Khalid

son

son

tlie
;

pedigree

illness,died.

tribes, who

widow,

late

her

to

all the

the

by plundering his property.

retribution
ears

Saasa'ah

of

bom

the

at

upon

be

El-Haris

of

birtk.

and,

tied

and

family

son

son

by him, rejoiced

awe

the

former

of his

El-HAris

should

more

the

of

be

to

he

as

among

and, after

neighbouring

of

the

the

of

soon

is the

child

pedigree

verily

is

as

recorded

'Amir

of

son

he

he

amulet

an

would

son

time

of

pret
inter-

to

wife

have

life at the
wife

distressed,

his

mother

her

related

person

that

the

the

to

and

would

that

losing her

wrote
arm,

amulet

which

and

repeated

he

right

infant's

who

renown,

of

him

she

dream,

found,

soon

all

bnmt

surprised

informed

himself;

danger

request,

the

great

prophecy

This

for, and

sheykh

than

would

'

old

An

it.

by this

alike

he,

and

her,

troubled

and

from

XXIII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

issued

much

husband

her

to

fire

Being

clothing.

MODERN

by

the

spot

off from,

her

it

her

placed
the

to

slave, in-

Chap.

XXfll.

by disappointment,

furiated
her

head.

had

happened,

went

account,

spot where

still

sucking

sent

it

the

damsel,

thee

like

what

I with

Was

the

case."

said

the

^that

Wezeer

is secret

but

King said,

Wezeer,
this

is
and

the

by bim

she

become

acquainted

sayest

to

promised

not

the

not

be

would

sword

God

thee
!

after

lie buried

it had
it

she

the

then

of

the
is

of

Arabs

this

child

her

sent

these

sent

for

been

washed,

respectably.

milk

woman

and

it."

been
Then

her

after

insects
to

bound

the

wash
in

shade
the

edge
would

dead
to

thou

! if I had

with

was

is
claimed,
ex-

that

crime, she

she

have

King

is this

this

and

This

The

thee

has
;

family

By Allah

slain

flying

tection,
pro-

she

her.

killed

committed

had

and

all-knowing,

her

! what

I had

me

with

and

of

damsel

exalted

protection."

and

end

an

none

have

to

intercourse
;

the

King,

is

I behead

promise

King

child

milk

ascertain

suppose

some

insects

it

be

God

to

murdered

flying

name

but

"

fact,

protection

If

have
He

with

prejudice

thee

King,

dog of the

affording

infant."
and

the

give

this

there

Thou

"

this

*'0

But

what

has'had

conceived

and

opinion;

my

of

has

"

daughter

servant

her

had

ment
astonish-

murder,

whose

God,

Know,

"

of her

was

God

of

not

answered,

thee

inform

See

do

to

infant

affording

if thou

the

"gundub,"

those

still

cause

I know

do

or

I will

The

up,

grown,

The

her

and

the

and

damsel,

lap, and

this

on

came

; and

Full
"

which

son,

the

wings.

wife

people, on

called

Wezeer,

Arabs,

grief

mother

mother

the

oft*

the

He

it

kind

her

on

his

of his

saw

dead

his

to

of

murdered.

their

dead

of

her."

know^eth

said

the

faith

of this

history

with

sun

infant

and

by the

its

locusts, of the

this

it,

shading

several
been

of

decreed, that

delivered

lay, and

breast

sight, he

and

had

corpse

the

from
the

at

Now,

her

flight of

shade

"

Er-Kabdb

after

morning

struck

himself, he fled.

dissipate

with

and

sword,

had

to

hunt,

to

out

his

been

just

Emeer,

the

and

drew

revenged

had

135

DELHEMEH.

Providence

as

Darim

Emeer

died;

the

thus

Having

it

Now

of the

OP

ROMANCE

nor

the

corpse

grave-clothes,

136

From

the

their

circumstance
the

wings,
^

The

Emeer

persuaded

her

to

dubah."

until
was

the

child

sent

to

learned

the

bitter

had

Kur-au.
become

colocynth,
his

Now

he

by

in

who

was

of
For

whole

Ddrim,

Emeer

Emeer

had

they

all

their

the

became
attendants

resolved

to

try

unknown

alone,

arrived
on

to
at

the

his

solitary horseman

that

of

Pronounced

These

are

hero.

against

In

his

fortress.

haste

flight,except

the

led

in

Those

bonds,
of

tribes, and
related.

set

their

terms

of

father;
and

El-Gundubah
heroine.

but
most
now

He

destination.
She

perceived
she

reproach

The

together,

out

went

Esh-Shamta
him

saw

that

descended,

his
and

approach

riding
mounted

Gundub'ah.
not

his

tribe, except his foster-mother^

of

and

party.
the

all

this

and
to

his

their

by her.

hearing

on

Esh-Shamta;

of

time

her

killed

and

rescue

no

called

and

story they

tb

with

determined

them;

to

These

of the

her

top of

forth

strength

fortress.

the

in

of

him

to

returned

killed

place

the

like

was

haste,

with

prisoners

any

in

rest

sons.

arms

hood,
man-

woman

and

meet

her

by

were

to

went

heroes

prisoner,

attendants,

of

number

fled

ten

to

the

to

afiliction

in

them
Ddrim

with

was

had

had

predatory expedition,

He

horse

took

despised,

he

Falling

contended

put

he

attained

prowess

forth

she

whom

who

attendants

and

she
and

and

disgraced
plunged

the

her

went

hour

number;

greater

of

and

he

until

territory of

her

mounted

She

approach,

on

great wealth.

of

possessed

when

Ddrim,

Emeer

the

of

did

years,

had

horsemen.

account

on

her.

his

the

as

she

and

calamity .'

custom,

far

as

which

seven

unrivalled

hundred

El-Gun-

"

wife,

remained

(or the Grizzle),whom

fear,

attack

his

to

of

with

his

to

own

he

time

horseman

proceeded

Esh-Shamta
held

he

adoptive father,

accompanied

booty,

there

viper, and

day, according

one

age

the

By

it

her

as

the

attained

school, and

had

he

it up

of

name

conveyed

Ddrim

bring

the

received

foundling

him

gTindub shading

the

of

XXIII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

among

the

Arabs

; but

of

praise.

was

her

"

138

Thy hope
For

is

baffled

now

to-day

have

we

Both
But

men

our

our

That

that

And

the

foe that

El-Gundubah
with

in

But

Darim

do

haste

By

We

are

God

be

now

as

shew

he

had

of

as

he

all

killed

bound
the.
Mount

:"

and

:" i.e.

"

attacked

the

Bless

ordained
the

regard

him

whose

rhyme

words,

the

Emeer

whole

of

hour
Ddrim

that

saw

who

[the
is

Eur-an

the

this

for

tale

in the

an

verse

an

to

the

object

for verse,

originals.

and

the

his

spine

father

two

was

them
of

them

mother

tomb

at

with

burdens

are

object of pilgrimage :" for,though

is that
is also

to] whose

visit

received

their

acquainted

Darim

with

their

drizzling rain

tomb

Prophet's tomb

poetry from
to

ye

by

is base."

for

just.

who

El-Gundubah,

fled, and

Bless ye him

'Arafat, yet
with

**

disgrace

this

be

breast

sons

receives

rest

often,

pilgrimage

I translate
sued

the

and

protruded, glittering,from

Darim's

thirsty land

the

Apostle

point

When

slain, they

the

pierced

the

his back.

fought

praise.

face ?

to

will

noble, and
these

"

destroyed,

is it for

for He

said

They

last, El-Gundubah
and

who

him.

upon

us

is

him

is

and

bonds

face

enemies,

as

between

will

and

death

thy

honour

captive, in

bondage

met

judge

And

soon

from

with

done."

embrace.

me

Esh-ShamU

was

her

wast

in

hast

for

me

depart from

me

addressed

retrace

fate to

of evil

thee

lance

and

thee

thus

thy steps

treated

thou

that

protraction

aught

nam'd

hast

let

but

good

rashly thy

seen

thou

I freed

thus

displace.*'

now

it

of

no

uncle, thou

the

Darim

not

hand

my
When

spear;

apace

tribe

El-Gundubah

always

I have

thee

our

I will

my

Use

hand

at

pierce

preys

efface.

wrongs

among

"

frequent
:

near

repent
"

ever

now

brought

Then

thou

Hast

charged

thee

not

admonish'd,

Be

And

As

shall

not

on."
^'

lance

answered,

determined

me

is

cancel

peace:

their

death

replied,

kindness

you

thy

his

:
race.

tribe

our

were

full revenge

see

I introduc'd

'twas

For

wealth

taken

shall

terrible

my

oppressed

our

be

heroes

assur'd

Be

shall

to-day
All

and

of hostile

thee

known

father

Thy bloodthirsty

is deceived

wish

thy

XXIII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODEBN

THE

temple
of

of

Mekkeh

and

pious pilgrimage.

imitating

the

system

"

pnr-

Chap.

XXIII.

the

ROMANCE

dubah,

her

and

covered,

exclaimed

Gundubah

Man
And

thou

By

of

mercy

In

El-Gundubah

just

which

If their

just

I live

I shall

willing
*

to

Ta-Ha

of

Mohammad,
the

36th

the

not

I ascribe

these

when

and

had

she

made

him.
with

him

of

the

also

Arabic

Prophet
names):

sever

of the

Kur-an.

pour.

ties

sore.

wish

thee

peace,

leave
to

the

approach,

and

informed

20th

of

of
of

any

of

whom

likewise

Mustafil

the

is

and

Ya-Seen,

of Esh-

him

and,

all that
them

had
were

territory,where

better

chapter

foster-

fortress
met

them
if

asked

his

of

Kur-an,

alphabet,) is considered, and

(of

so

to

the

went

in search
the

I would

took

then

title of

is the

occur.

; and

for evermore."

him

He

success,
to

trial

of before

thought

lifeblood

and

constantly

saw

to commit

grant

my

love, is

deplore

my

events

pardon

inquiries,he

Arabian

chapter

; and

alone, and

slaves

letters

are

thus, El-Gundubah

(which

of two
name

go

o'er.

son

my

all adore

will

joy uninterrupted

their

befallen

give

address

we

myself hence,

departed

to

her

made

had

and

The

reply

in

lances

affection

said

Shamta.

heretofore

for, evermore.**

Ta-Ha

aid

their

withdraw

and

more.

breasts

youth,

truly

been

decreed

sake

thy

And

us

I have
my

whose

to

of old

While

no

in peace

contention

wert

sorrow

Mustafa

against

God,

Of

thou

whom

Him

by

the

Deeds

To

this

implore

these

by

noble

gore

me

slaughter

! and

leave

to

now

and

"

actions

For

El-Gun*

to

replied

Mother

Had

nn-

sons.

in. pity for

thee,

wrongs,

though

as

finished, he thus

But

but

and

us,

listened

The

rest

loss I shall

thy

And

of all my

childhood

thy

upon

thee

And

mother,

the

spite of thy

I love

eldest

sore

lie in their

perish'd ; and

nourished

hare

havoc

wrought

thy resentment,

care

my

Have

Having

the

pardon

Which

them,

hath

justly punish'd;

are

Restrain

**

yonth

have

among

They

weeping

came

head

"

lance

thy

and

That

bare, she

her

"With

witnessed.

just

bosom

thus

and
"

had

they

events

139

DELHEMEET.

OF

often

Ahmad,
which

and

is

posed
com-

used,
as

is the

as

well

as

title

of

140

iTHE

they might
and

intercept the

all

they

from

chose

came

to

water

them

among

in the

rest

desolate
the

and

to

his

with

during
with

the

this

it in

sides, and

the Lord

valley

his

eyes

from

him,

towards
combat.

is

salutation

principle

was

returned.

and

till their

seized

hold

cured
O
"

the

hero
or

"

often

The

the

its

from

wearer

age

?"

litam
the

!"
"

her

away

covers

beneath

but

"

(or
lower

"

Art

litham

part

is

his

saddle

But

to

the

of

It

begin

"

that

for

answer

no

broken,

were

on

she

face

drapeiy

of

with

mail,
He

ground.
it would

?" said

man

in

him

sword;

mercy
a

it,

galloped

engage

sweet,

so

piece

face.

at

length El-Gundubah

virgin damsel,"

")
of

to

spears

at

"litam,"^ displayed
"

looked

antagonist's coat

"Have

thou

am

voice,

Gun-

he

noble."

his
the

Emeer

horse, and

the

their

jagged

sick, exclaimed,

woman

"

until

fought

vest

the

of

nature

of

by

stuck

El-Gundubah,

stroke

were

sword

of the

drawing

the

swords

of

his

uplifted

in

the

midst

elegant appearance,

word,

lofty

the

In

The
as

the

!" exclaimed

before

They

heaved

and

uttering

brother

of

upon

valley

proclaimed

lance

; and

person

one,

journey

at

notes

picketted.

them

pasture, with

Eternity.

tent

they

every

his

to

on

of

all

arrived

he

tent, and

bounded

without

My

"

it

who

completely armed,

and

this

upon

of thirst,

here

and

them,

whose

birds

horse

or

perceiving

pursued

of

Bedawee

and

forth

came

with

abundance

die

until

this, he

of Power

saw

ground,

fixed

there

he

pasture

morning

and

verdure

should

despatched

the

in

and

without

watched

done

they

until

slaves

intention, pressed

and

then

rapid streams,

the

dubah

and

his

El-Gundubah,

their

left the

desired, and

they

but

water

Having

night

verdant

life

El-Gundubah

sword.

praises of

of

tract,

guessing

asleep ;

trees, and
the

dreary

with

rest.

fallen

had

and

his

abounding

halted

with

he

him,

accompany

he

as

many

travelled

and

discontent,

tract

as

to

slaves, fearing that

conspired against
their

readiness

He

fortress.

their

declaring

by plunder;

subsist

and

caravans,

XXffl.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

thy

have

captive,

El-Gundubah,

replied ; and,
like

the

which

frequently prevents

moon

Bedawee
his

being

XXIU,

Chap.

the

face, and

and

beauties,
with

me

thy

or

prose,
age,

replied,

and

in measured

verse

peerless-one

of

measured

verse."

that

had

happened

to her.

thou

noble

Thou

"1-Melik

Eaboos

Has

Skiird

Hany
I

ever

That

to

to

his love

And

Kot

For

should

For

no

To

by

my

accept,

another

as

height

sword
but

requite

to

smite.

to

none

moon-like

light,

e'er consent

all in

the

The

thrust

Slayer

of Heroes

could

be

father
my

Arab,

found

might

husband,

who

in turn

his wish

daring knight.
'

nam'd

for my
force

me,

bright.

weapon
at

last,

parasite ;

some

might

people'ssight :

our

of each

fright.

or

each

attained

them

fight;

overcome.

weakness

fought

in

hardy

and

me,

least
I

among

match

I fear'd

But

meet

the

vanquished them
parried

an

himself

prove

assembled

justly

was

marriage myself to unite,

for prowess
renown*d.

should

horseman
I

all

fame
envied

the

I would

earth

betray

never

suitors

him

Compassionate,

MustafSl, that

ia combat

My

might

of

marriage,

the

Lord,

my

hero

who

one

And

xecognised

me

on

Who

induce

of

To

to

from

expert,

and

in

man

Unless

lance

me

In the bonds

no

and

sought

noble

the

arms,

the

by

swore

And

to

with

alike

Could
And

thine

fight!

in

whose

maid

her

heroine, bold

suitors

of

raised,by

Acknowledged

hero

thou

and

"

been

the

story I tell.

the

to

of

nothing

related

foremost

I and

virgin daughter,

the

thy

knight !

generous

attend

and

now,

Vm

and

of warriours

leader

Hear,
Of

hero,

of

hero

beauty

hear

thus

then

She

but

! 0

"

! I will

time

thy

acquaint

story in narrative

my

said,

He

truth

the

of

mistress

souls

time

our

thee

to

?'

thee

*^

of

"

of

me

hero

"

I relate

shall

period !

and

age

inform

her

bewildered, and

life of

and

morn,

and

secret,

She

history."

the

of

star

of

beauty

was

exclaimed,

He

love.

with

overpowered

form, he

her

of

elegance

the

beheld

El-Gundubah

When

full.

the

at

141

DELHEMEH.

OF

EOMANCE

make

him

victim

of

blood-

revenge.
*
-""

the

It

was

the custom
it

King,'

to entitle the

chief of

powerful tribe

"

El-Melik,'*or

142

therefore

And

With
Here

troop

my

watch

we

with

And
Thon

hast

Grant

made

me

For

said

damsel

this

marriage

He

with

On

regaled

and

and

him
his

the

with

There

treated.

these

of

nine

who

was

his

related

Ddrim

having

El-Gundubah

his mother's

murderer

heard
;

and

taken

blood-revenge

shout.

and,

off the

his sword,

struck

all drew

present

the

their

the

shout,

which

time, that

they

El-Gundubah
She

death.

put

to

had

eaten

if he

of

her

had

her

to

them

food, and
robbed

and

her

it

tenth,

story

that
of

be

murdered
this

!"

raised

tale

I have

"

The

she
her

them

sons
per-

would
honour

at

to

up

told
not
;

inquire

to

demanding,

aside, and

of

tremendoxus

with

came

given

he

and

finished, dre'w

was

then

not

was

should
drew

tell his

and

The

arms.

traitor-slave

instantly

related

him

head, exclaiming,

swords,

and

with

Kattalet-esh-Shug'dn

heard

been

impatience

this

upon

befallen

.had

with

slave's

his

he

Haris, and

as

with

and

Emeer

soon

as

verse
con-

him

sitting
in

lo^v

to

had

liberated

ungratefully

to

the

and

them-

how

desired

served

high

what

had

deeds

days.

dwelling

own

he

persons

then

was

her

them

my

assembled

how

their

recounted

his widow.

my

ten

were

slave,

three

acquaint

to

so

theni

received

they began

eaten,

related

to

party

my

which

to

(for

by herself),then

people

at

to

captivity, and

from

sons

had

El-Gundubah

Emeer

Heroes

Gundubah

repast,

they

accordingly

He

history.

her

Emeer

After

asked

of

and

me

El-Gtmdubah,

with

admitted.

were

thy right."

Kattalet-esh-Shug'dn

day,

them

slight:

not

related

and

me

once

Slayer

with
;

do

at

me

above

the

tribe, with

of her

pardoned

wish

my

the

or

her

feasted

fourth

the

people

even

Come

with

and

joy,

embrace

as

"

went

appetite.

our

acknowledge

now

named,

El-Gundubah,

to

abode."

cause

more

alight.

to

caravans

thy captive, and

Katt41et-esh-Slmg'an,"

was

she

quiet

we

XXIIT.

lonely place,

I chose

passing

favour

willingly

this

in

horsemen,

me

one

in

and,

the

for

plunder

me

Receive

"

I fled ;
of

Chap:

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

the

them

them

tlie
same

to

that

give hina
but

that

but

Ijg
lie
Tj.p,

ahe

Chap.

XXIH.

would

ROMANCE

him

advise

that, when

he

She

us

he

for their
their

witness

four

and

Seeing
it;

and

horses,

were

lances

and

beating

this

his

way

and

her

time,
he

love

her

to

guest

crime.

valley

for

the

great

valley,

lamentations,

soon

and

KiMb

!"

Kilab

!" he

in

divided

quarters

When

made

rend

She

her

at

dust

the
the
the

to

four

the

they

of

him

were

but

latter
air with

raise
the

heard

wife,

"

cries

These

of
were

dubah
El-Gun-

of

his wife's

he

was

of
of

taken
mis-

attacking,
settled
cries

piteous

the

this

beneath

and

tribe

shouts

of

they

all

parties,and

first

beauties

while

appeared,

slave, when

history

time, the

same

his

the

galloping along.

pursuit
into

and

for

the

of

their

took

together

now,

the

maids

abundance.

bride

killed

to

that

El-Gundubah

exclaimed

conversed

entered

concluded

come

they

different

in

had

troops of horsemen

were

they

and

were

his

had

related

erected

and

him.

Arabs

pitched,

tents

with

this, they talked

they

immediately

he

and

he

why

themselves,

seen

tribe, and

him

ask

After

which

amusing

were

increased

They

of

there

surrounded

were

delighted

conversation

wretch's

thus

her

for

and

and

and

midnight.

camphor.

pavilions

company

fruits

settlement

camels,

fifth

they approached

as
a

and

ground,

they

he

and

and

on

Lord,

the

on

it at

trees,

beheld

alone

their

and

trees

horse, white

great

And

God

to

entered

valley, El-Gundubah

ventured

w^as

the

was

tambourines

Through

.with

the

then

the

Let

proceeded

thanks

journey,

They

she

and

in

stuck

them

among

their

and

morning,

his

"

people."

and

night,

at

among

be

as

of

answered,

these

giving

streams.

it to

found
till

there

departed

white

him

immediately, taking

other

morning,

running

She

from

valley abounding

something

waited

it

at

told

and

do

do.

days they continued

day arrived
birds

the

and

morrow,

abode, they might

do.

depart

the

on

him,

to

shoiQd

to

and

until

way

For

and

each

married

They

left her

he

consented

gladly

departure

went

what

forthwith,

marry

this

then

asked

He

have

143

DELHEMEH.'

his

take

to

should

they pleased.
danger.

OF

"

"

in
and

0 'Amir
O

people

'Amir
are

the

144
of

sons

uncle!

my

determined

instantly

resolved

bride
rushed

enemy,

way,

and

piercing

fury

and

such

the

their

assailants, and

had

taken

time

his

them

justice

is

rendered

to

its scabbard

him

their

they

had

the

decide
the

animal

the

the

tribe.

There

they

together against
of

his

kinsfolk
and

arms

every

the

and

and

quarter

Sheykhs

him

and

from

that

by

all his

tribe

as

the

the

but

chief

This

rest

be

to

his

and

put

them
his

among

tribe
:

he

brought
received

presented with
Gundubah

of the

mare,

was

Benee-Kilab,

an

the

of

partisans
the

was

ment
achieve-

parted

he, with

to

Gabir

Gdbir's

the

sat

necessary

Emeer

Emeer

accepted,

was

him.

many

them,

his wife, also, was

day

El-Haris,

this

slain, gathered
:

of

turned
re-

Gabir, who

and

of

left

pursuit, he

everything
:

he

El-Gundubah

their

from

of

but, though

desert

however,
saw

is

acknowledged

named

slew

the

party, defeated

own

Eeturning

fought

chief

were,

dissipated :

sword

challenge

possession

vanquished

these, when

and

The

throughout

is

claimed,
ex-

challenged El-Gundubah

El-Gundubah
the

all

they

the

robber

and

and

to

death

Emeer

an

combat.

met

related

immediately

him

choice,

him

coveted
of

chief

he

doubt

the

fight and
.to

and

and

not

retired

words,

is

and

his

but, after

their

thorough warriour,
obtained

They

termed

rivals

two

that

booty

from

eaten,

deserving

I"

by

matter

appeared

chief:

and

their

disputed

now

and

for

chosen

with

such

again,

This

"

them,

and

their

El-Gundubah,

to

rest

to

with

rested

the

to

rightful

El-Haris,

hated

hath

truth

The

him

in

rallied

answered,

time

Delighted

history.

"

but

had

they

He

was.

together

the

all

returned

they

took

they

So
after

and

he

questions

ask

to

slaughter."
rest

who

him

asked

and

tribe

recovered

which

His

foot, with

on

defeated

the

both

horseman

those

he

And

assistance.

they

of

that

after

and

every

repulsed
been

their

slaying
breasts

success

blood!"

my

to

him

accompany

the

and

hasten

to

to

upon

flesh

my

XXHI.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODEBK

THE

perty
pro-

among

of Gdbir

themselves
assistance
to

flight.

people
him

and

horses

gifts from
ornaments

acknowledged

14G

do so, to
their

law,

of which

give what,
above

and

of

they

have

it, for the

mother
asks

for
^

'ashr."
the

"

though
the

word

tenth,

that

informed

improperly

the

Muslim

which

money

The
described
others

as

spent

in

child's

and

the

thus

not

pieces of

until

thus

money

of property.
above

case

as

many

sometimes

are

is

obtained

the

to

Moharram

custom

same

the

of

alms

usually sewed
next

of

proportion

in

manner,

the

'oshr,"

"

this, and

and

more

old, the

too

same

but

"c.,

worn

be

in the

of

in the

child

faddahs

five

procured

to

nights

articles

other

some

"

(the quarter

give

to

ing
mean-

as

ten

"

the

of

when,

repeated

for

considered

being

charms.
The

of

women

curious

some

some

this

and

Egypt,

believe

They

that

sakka

(or
the

el-'ashr

(or

case,

the

"

"

Ya

the

Equivalent

about

and
in

visiter

of the

water-carrier

to

in

sometimes

'ashr

say

the

that

farthing

and

that,

form

of

is called

") ;

in

el-'ashr."
a

of

days

(or genii) visit

period

mysterious

seedee, zekah

first ten

sometimes

appears

water-carrier),and

former
"

ginnee;

the

"ginn"

people by night during this

occasion,

entertain

particularly of Cairo,

superstitions respecting

Moharram.

In

of

sweetmeats,

child

its sake
as

be

can

cap,

if the

generally given

piece

of

"

itself,

alms

is the

which

required, by law,
and

the

el-'oshr

ruba

"

part),

possesses,

sum

is

for

the

child

corruption

carry

well-dressed

the

signifiesthe

it

to

understood

vulgarly

streets,

sometimes

master,

it is

fortieth
is

he

is

that

used

the

or

"

the

any

sometimes

My

I think

days ;" but

am

to

child, and

'ashr

"

of the

female

another

meet

"

days

ten

many

through

it

carry

chance

saying,

they

respectable circumstances,

in

from

may

the

tenth,

the

employ

or

chapter

During

solicitingalms

of the

The
ten
I

term

they
alms

required by

alms

or

former

will.

those

child,

of

the

in

particularly on

shoulder,

bearer

or

they

even

purpose

whom

person

whom,

young

the

on

zekah,"

"

spoken

and

the

I have

and

Cairo,

generally

to

mentioned,

women

if

this season,

give, at

XXIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODEBN

THE

one-fifth.

the

on

of

mule.

a
"

sakka

latter,

Chap.

"

XXIV.

FIRST

baghlet

el-'ashr

ginnee, they
the

"

?"

into

the

full

of

in

gold.

The

"

filled with
and

he

whom

he

the

dead

valuable

Moharram,
O

"

Send

head,
then

send

these

at

and

forms

'ashr

(or market)

called

Trough").
of
old

"

during

British

Museum.

is

told,

said, has
were

happened

!" or,

general,

in

the

their

been
of
pass

el-Kebsh
of

this

custom

through

the

southern

the

"

the

it

removed
is

the

sook

of

Very

few

street

flight

to

the

by

the

in

the

adjacent

and

the

which

Enchanted

under

recess

Egypt,

of

in

sarcophagus,

was

night
mid-

days

mosque,

of

ten

its removal,

discontinued.

hold

to

first

(or

in
of

occupation

Since

used

the

"

was

door

Kal'at

party of genii, in

ancient

el-Marsood

to

up

aware

to

of

days

'ashr

the
men,

Es-Saleebeh,
an

sarcophagus

called

French

it

el-H6d

This

that

say

called

street

steps leading

palace

The

1"

during

part of the metropolis, before

was

the

which

in

of

ordinary mortals,

of

garbs

in

Moharram,

the

to

says

first ten

water-carrier

of Cairo

people

"

sook

"

thing
any-

ejaculatesthis petition :

woman

the

or

superstitions.

the

of

of

the

their

of

bran

and

modes

During

the

mule

the

me

zekah.

me

the

are

son
per-

out, takes

or

head,

round

of the

comes

straw

the

little

of

his

upon

saddle-bags

with

and

ignorant

an

the

bags
saddle-

of

placed

person

jar

is described

chamber

of the

This

!"-^Such

is

the

finds

pair

not

Empty

says,

string

empties

them

bears

do
"

mule

head

door

fills them

their

many

Some
the

man's

of

hung

enrich.

to

pay

form

man's

the

at

is, and

is
shall

sakkas

as

at

Who

"

where

afterwards,

out

the

knocks

asks,

sakka

visiter

He

is

he

sakka,

within,

in the

dead

comes

Lord,

my

laugh

shakes

replaces

genii

"

his

neck

Go, 0 blessed

"

good

who

his

contents,
else

mule,

person

manner.

gold

round

bells, which

off

The

remarkable

of

I, the

"

ginnee

'*). When

'ashr

sleeping, who

water-jar ;" and, going

more

back

form

answers,

knows

the

of

person

ginnee

night,

at

come

[the skin] ?"

empty

mule

147

MOHAERAM.

OF

in the

of

The

the

("

comes

say,

chamber-door

there

DAYS

TEN

now

persons,

genii.
where

the

genii,
I

am

Whoever

they

were

X48

THE

assembled,
other

and

bought

The

into

converted

tenth

It is held

sacred

the

after

they

which

Noah

went

other

great

events

because

the

that

from

are

said

it

fast
I

As

the

the

this

present occasion.

many

years

of

three

together,

day, and

alms.

In

"

fakeers,

the

of

one

names

of

white,

stoj)ped

petition

hast

alms

others
I

The

same

soon

as

but

for
to

then

wheat

on

also

I went

couple

where

by

of

were

the
in

the

about

before

three

of

to

red

rice ! 0

began,

six

Hasan

the

same

chant

before

them

to

alms
town

two

or

of

or

these

blind
the

"

thou
!"

who

The

grains

of

Hoseyn

!"

of
I 0

it in

chanted

and

several
of money,

on

seven

or

upon,

couple

them

tion
men-

flag, with

door,

piece

led

the

worked

small

appearances

of

group

leceived

the

begging

small

was

number

for

day of 'Ashoora
"

repeated by

of its

Many

alone,

my

them

chorus,

confers

fact

with

and

worthies

of

the

witnessed

streets

women,

opinion

I shall

day,

about

blessed

grains

performed

this

half -furled

day

day preceding.

I have

morning,

One

on

the

'Ashoora,

out

In

street

continued,

then

of

the

on

of

Karbala.

provide myself

other

alms.

bestow

they had

only

the

an

words

and

in

of

on

it which

to

bore
and

El-Hoseyn

this

Prophet's grandson,

day

to

of the

whom

in

took

several

time

what,

to

that

on

the

plain

some

1 had

course

and

also, because

But

the

the

on

Eve

and

happened

of the

carried

or

'Ashoora."

Paradise

chieflygirls,walking

age,

Y6m

it is believed

before

children, from

young

his

found

of Adam

have

'ashr, already mentioned.

saw

or

after

day of 'Ashoor^, is the

battle

"

dates

especially the Persians,

the

five-faddah-pieces before

of the

ark

Arabs,

peculiar

customs

the

and

writing

now

am

of

El-Hoseyn,

at

on

out

by fasting.

on

"

because

meeting

to

ancient

which

on

martyr,

Muslims

out

greatest sanctity

slain,

of

cast

Muslims,

modem

being

first

were

observed

Prophet,
of most

on

is called

accounts-;

which

place

the

"c., immediately

Moharram

many

day

whether

them,

gold.

on

be the

^nd

of

day

of

anything

XXIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

fruit, cakes, bread,

purchase

the

MODERN

times.

As

they passed
other

expect

houses
reward.

Chap.

Numerous

of

groups

fakeers

this

during

quarters,

149

'AsHOORI.

Y(5m

XXIV.

the

about

go

alms

day, soliciting

in different

town,
in

the

same

manner.

On

paying

my

dish, which
the

on
"

it is the

sweetened

rice

raisins, "c.,
prepared,
in

made,

Prophet
the

which

of the
of

which,

ceremonies

court,
several

others,
their

these

unveiled

their

dress

that,
Cairo,

but

was

the
and

of

many

of

other

are

sure

to be

seen.

towns

them

my

saw

dancing

of

The

present.

handsome,
to

and

but

with

their

passed
so

it is,

great religious festivals

these

Egypt,

way

to

the

eat

sight of

who

men

to

prevent

advantage

ceremonies

in

bi-smi-

"

to

me

(not always seductive,

On

passed by

to prepare

all the

Kadee's

; some,

with

display

religious

against modesty

warrers

to

of

public thoroughfare,

hard

very

head

day

the
in

and

who

them

ill calculated

occasions

the

the

exclamation

man

them

giving

witnessing
at

the

struggled

girls,some

of the

remarkable

near

the

(with

of them

him

upon

most

mosque,

in

ring

the

of

mosque

distinguish

passengers

alluringly disposed

for

on

this

well-dressed

without

passing

by them

each

One

fine forms,

in

dinner, and

them.

the

to

dancing-girls (Ghazeeyehs)

sitting

!")inviting

with
my

of

with

or

household

his

to

of the

scene

Cairo,

to

is*

procured

plenty

I went

is the

avenues

dish

reputed burial-place of

that, in

thronged

groups

eating
llah

The

were

the

El-Hoseyn,

martyr

'Ashoora.

and

being

bestow

posed
com-

almonds,

traditions

the

and

year."

call to noon-prayers,

the

the

will

of the

remainder

the

it is

this

are

giveth plenty

God

Ashoor^,

of

one

Whoso

"
"

kinds

for

boiled,
or

houses

most

various

of

treacle

or

called

water

generally, nuts,

In

it.

to

with

is
*

of

throughout
Hasaneyn,

wheat

sweetmeats

day

After

added

honey

husks,

prepare

is

in

steeped

noon,

to
It

me.

the

from

before

of Cairo

before

wheat,

freed

of

accordance

with

little

people

set

was

fire with

instead

are

or

of the

prepared

the

friend,

custom

days, then

over

of

on

is

and

three

or

to

'Ashoor^,

of

day

hoboob,"

two

visit

I must

mosque,

in

female
fess,)
con-

I had

150

THE

occasion

rid

to

had

provided,

for

disbursing

several
the

give them

to
was

faddahs,

which

of the

for

I have

On

them

sake

of

the

in

he

bore

itself

with

the

is the

children;

many

like

what

hundred

boys

bawling

and

of the

that

*ashr.

which
this

is

The

mats

been

removed

the

which

the

it

is

most

people

shoeless

enter

ablution, and

without

though

person

times,
mine,
wetted

every

entering

on

with

(by

without

the

old

door-keeper.
too
*

On

the

other

each

the

dust

alms

unlike

for

on

dirt
this

and

in

occasion,

as

to

Industry,

be

the

in

usual

the

performed
tank

these,

brought

to

do

this

as

at

other

parts of the

Several

had

put in their

leaving them,

; many

el-

pavement

her, shoes,

or

and

Cairo.

in

ordinary "prayers

first to the

Game'

the

were

and

portuning
im-

were

mosques

upon

having

young

children

more

floor uncovered

off his,

mosque

several

for the

scene

matting

the

repairing
takes

children

all

of

persons

perform

noises

generally presents

with

covered

to

orders,

of

children

surprised, as

the

crowded

were

calling to
and

more

of

portico.

where

there

play:

the

at

lower

and

school-room

mosque

sacred

parts

feet of many

mosque,

poor

This

or

confusion

women

pieces of

were

impossible

middle

usually spread

some

many

part,

every

of

tents
con-

to

was

mosque,

I witnessed

the

was

are

stead, leaving

by

hall,

respectable appearance

have

interior

instance

Hasaneyn

of

Seldom
the

in
and

the

was

large

back

surprised

great

bustle, mothers

man

every

in

men

this

all

there

engaged

are

crying

amid

and,

heard

be

may

and

the

El-Hoseyn."

much

principal part of
of the
visiters, mostly women,

with

twenty

chapter.^

was

in

them

his

on

in

passengers

distribute

lord

former
I

mosque,

presented

to

when

mosque,

of

two

occasion

next

supply

was

"our
a.

My

whicli

coins

the

who

I gave

which

mentioned

which

This, which

and

of

small

before

class
:

vessel

the

entering

scene

me

each

earthen

passengers,
custom

the

of

the

children.

to

arriving

on

surrounded

for

of

some

XXIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

of

myself

water-carriers,

streets,

in

MODERN

conscious

I did

as

floor

of

were

the

Chap.

I had

the

of

sanctity

been

not

and

with

The

large

square

width

over

stairs,
with

far

but

and

the

more

superstitions, and
visiting
is

It

but

this

desire,

wall,

day
to

face

not

and

zikr

the

I found

where

it

is

who

woman

minutes,

is not

The

I could
"malkaf"

i. p. 23.

and

in

in

not

move

has

been

more

of

day

by

the

that

left.

In

or

midst

slave
of

in any
described

the

zikrs,"

man

or

the

in

rows,

They
concert

the

in

a.

to

that,

women,
;

and

Introduction

was

to

was

word,
to

see

country
touch

relation.

near

(Alldh),

forward

odd

back-

rows,

uttered

even

direction

two

of God

rather
a

sanctity
the

two

pushing

four

in

to witness

By

name

he

utmost

orders.

the

time

for

the

to

seated, in

or

man

jostled among

be

people.

"

no

day of 'Ashoora

of various

situation

his wife
the

the

be

the

with

between

improper

deemed

compressed

of

repeating

each

myself

for

forward

contribute

pulpit, were

right

were

are

enjoy

pressing

standing

head

women

El-Hoseyn

is, to

performances,

alone

his

alternately to

in

swarms

the

darweesh,

bowing

them,

such

their

pulpitcrowded

women

the

indeed

may

fifty darweeshes,

about

equal

of

Cairo, that

of
on

that

which

of

right

yet begun
old

one

people

women

experienced

attract

the

performing

vol.

the

very

should

honour

Hasaneyn

jostling he

as

to

face,

to

had

"

of

principal ceremonies

of the

so

of the

mosque

is

were

the

respect

to

that

day.

said, by the

sake

and

of his

but

the

desire

this

on

the

because

like

The

this

Why

men.

greater

greater

shrine

for the

them

the

his

have

commonly

to

goes

and

muballigheen,

it be

not, unless

I know

'Ashoora,

the

than

numerous

breezes.

assemblage below,

the

in

and

the

of

gallery

malkaf^

northern

the

trodden

there

though

roof, with

the

in

it,to introduce

women

case,

heavy

trodden,

had

oppressive

feet

my

I had

feet which

very

parts,

before

which

upon

was

these

mosque

persons'

more

aperture

the

dirt

the

heat, too,

vapour-bath,

in

other

from

mine.

upon
of

that

I avoided

though

minutes

many

black, with

almost

were

and

place) ;

151

'IsHOORI,

t6m

XXIV.

for

was

some

pres"ed
this

work,

152

THE

against

hard

80

her

though

do

not

to

me,

and

difficulty,I
I

had

sleeves

of

my

around

before

darweeshes

of

as

padded

cap

of

the

mostly

and

Hasan

I had

at

I did

me,

before

not

to

This

me
^

as

The

is

the

caught
blade

hilt.

from

Like

far

so

all

the

extended

the

I found

before

have

to

they
the

back

raised

was

done
about

were

and

to

myself
^^

enclosed.

Thou

who

art

and

do,
had

joined hands,

affection,meaning,

El-

to

Turks

many

stick

no

darweeshes

in

darweeshes

first drove

ought

white

saints, founders

them

as

arms

which
of

worked,

minutes

but

tartoors,

Khaleefehs,

of

them

kd-ook,

had

were

eminent

many

ordinary

or

caps,

well

as

Turkish

which

among

as

the

them

of

Most

nations,

high

first four

of

sticks

expression

common

the

wore

were

Several

large ring, in

wore

other

to

of what
with

wore

upon

waited

not

retire

aware

was

forty of them,
formed

and

with

crowd

surrounding

hanging

the

them

One

the

to

exercises.

their

began

had

different

others

there

but

getting

the

the

of

darweeshes.^

of

orders

Persians.

and

of

last mentioned,

Egyptians

were

of

others, again,

El-Hoseyn,

different

be

Some

letters, invocations

black

of

and

hold

sugar-loaf shape.

form

of the

cap

drawn

to

Egypt

of

nearly

front,

profuse perspiration.

orders.

dress

and

dress

get

I found

different

turban

I could

in

was

person's
had

and

sword,

some

and

sword,

my

in

but

out

considerable

With

place

the

to

!^

eye

called

on

thee."

could

My

"

out,

to

her

by

she

woman

push

desired

lost

jacket

the

me,

The

or

almost

scabbard

the

the

cried

her

easy

time

amusing

Another

follow

quite

same

soon

head

thy

to

me

attained

thither

of

by

the

for

from

not

was

for she

violently."
!

for

way

it

contact

was

at

that

long

so

Efendee

make

guard

it

me

squeeze
"

shewed

bear

in

situation

smile, expressed

eyes,

not, however,

the

XXIV.

face, that, but

to

almost

been

that

black

large

had

it seemed

panting,

face

woman,

young

cheeks

veil, our

her

one

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

For
as

dear

eye."

my

"

words

were,

Ya

Ya

Hoseyn,

Yd

seyyid Ahmad

seyyid

Ya

Aboo-Bekr,

Ahmad

El-Bedawee,

Ya

*Omar,

Rifa'ah, Ya
Ya

Ya

seyyid

seyyid Ibraheem

'Osmin,

Ya

'Abd-El-Kadir

Ed-Dasookee."

'Alee,Ya

Hasan,

El-Geelanee,

154

joined the

jump

the

to

of God

name

six other

darweeshes,

ring, but

shoulders

those

of

in

portionably
about

the

single

of about

exercise

that

quarter

of

time.

and

me,

repeating

the

were

of

God,

the
same

the

great
fakeers

two

idiots),

or

each

and

the
the

the

in

more

except

of

name

for

after

performed

megdzeeb,"

"

pro-

which,

again

rose

remark,

the

maintained

after

and

formed
per-

rapidity

whirling

nothing

saw

of

told

the

They

hour

an

"

that

"

the

upon

larger ring,

they

occupied

rest.

worthy

was

bystander

dancing,

beating

tambourine.
I

desirous

was

anniversary
monies

door

pushed

of

the

that

he

dictated

two

three

or

Ameen

attain
Thee

"

by

me

words,

for

person,

visit, and
wish
the

to

me

for I

at

come

with

seyyideh Zeyneb,

of

desire
and

the

be

buried,

after

which

on

want,

my

monument

to

pausing

each

the

duty performed,

repeat them,
stood

of

one

unoccupied

the

this

to the

tively
compara-

an

is said

prayer

close

perform

to

head

who

the

found

surrounds

Fdt'hah

following

With

entering,
me

martyr's
the

culty
diffi-

great portico

there

this

on

particular cere-

occasion.

my

which

recite
the

but

El-Hoseyn
any

the

conducted

the

(or Amen),

my
my

where

in

On

screen

another

and

do;

accept

to

if

this

crowd

tomb

mosque

there

might

the

bronze

place

the

of

seeing

on

collected.

tlie

of the

over

of

persons

servants

there

through

shrine

of

death, and

saloon

few

the

visiting

performed

of the

comer

of

of his

were

"

to

second

portico
(who,

time

had

down

with

but

another

repeating, also,

to

whirling,

arms

the

of

motion

of

before

sat

party

lapse

to

length

same

rapid

This

and

disposed, they

that

"AUdh!"

greater.

the

his

thus

to

more

of

darweesh

whole

similar

exclamation

same

After

placing

and

"begun

now

great ring, formed

each

him

much

being

the
;

next

revolution

except

one

had

greater vehemence,

stepping.

within

small

very

with

of

right, instead

ring, who

great

XXIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

in the

darweeshes

ejaculate the

to

MODERN

THE

I affected

left, saying

my

"

pause.
and

and
Imdm

every

God,

cause

intent, and

me

to

urge

Esh-Shafe*ee,

Chap.

XXIV.

the

and

Sultd-n

in

words
I

KETURN

was

dictated

make

the

the

occasion

above

circuit

usual

I gave

monument,
small

tombs

piece

of

was

tomb

of the

seyyid

is to

several

it

consecrated

It

visiters.
in

persons

little balls
as

into

charm

is called

Egypt

disorder,

or

Generally,
the

of

caravan

arrives

"

el-Hdgg
of

the

of

and

the
a

with

me

hazel-nut.

flour

the

at

thither,
of

occasions

on

Many

El-Bedawee."

of the

(that is, one

in

the

of

respectable

of it

to

prayer

brought

Cairo

valuable

thepojcket,

against

remedy

any

of disease.

of

Safar

"

"

(the second

month

is

Mekkeh,

vulgarly

called

before

the

later

than

pilgrims,
A

caravan.

main

the

Nezlet

"

Pilgrims). Many

of the

arrives

month),

from

pilgrims, returning

Sea, arrive

merchant-pilgrims

proceeded

fine

very

more

piece

hence, this

Bed

the

festival

encloses

formed,) constantly

end

(the Alighting

by the

coming

the

Egyptian

Cairo

at

of

in

to

size

often

on

presented

the

that

former

been

Cairo,

return,

made

it, as

eat

has

dictated

about

little

it is

towards

in

tombs

preventive

who

El-Bedawee,

the

which

screen

'Eysh es-seyyid

"

which

as

each

given

keep

others

the

similar

supposition

described, before

saints'
be

in

saints

of

bread,

general visiting, to

the

supplication

he,

Ahmad

followed

understand

not

person

and

of bread,

This

as

the

money,

little balls

four

did

round

to

in

added

short

the

this

After

were

This
at

me

On

perhaps

Arabic.
to

days.

and

Turk,

in

words

which

155

PILGRIMS.

THE

Aboo-So'ood."

Turkish,

OF

caravan

of

body

pilgrims.
An

officer,called

"

days before

the

five

or

Arabs,

mounted

Aboo-So'ood
of

person

his

of

King
the

on
'

whole

Saints."

south

The

day,

several

upon
^*

term

caravan,

fleet

Hagg,*

was

received
other

The

dromedaries,
the

and

famous

very

the
very

tomb

having pushed

and, being

appellation

of

"

of

welees, and,

of Aboo-So'ood

esteemed

Sultan,"
when

is among

with

on,

two

the

announce

expected day

saint

eminent

to

four

about

arrives

el-Hdgg,"

caravan,

on

of the

approach

Shdweesh

their
the

which
thus

the

has

arrival
most

holy

been

ferred
con-

applied, signifies

mounds

of

rubbish

of Cairo.

"hagg"
or

body

is
of

applied

both

pilgrims,and

collectively and
to

individually (to

single pilgrim).

the

156

THE

metropolis, and

the

at

friends.

He

along,

!"

hears

exclamation

the

Basha

or

his

letters

into

great

receive

to

lose

sometimes

those

handsome

of

their

the

to

persons

out

two

fresh

provisions, fruits, "c.,

Birket

the

last

and

an

Arabic

words

The

Many
historyare

persons

many

here

deprived

which

of

with

in

two

clean,

his

if not

to

pay

chap, xiii.,near

in

notes

food,

for

pilgrim

musicians

or

These
of

way

some

with

given

are

in the

the

to

the

passes

metropolis

the

luxury

out

go

miles

eleven

about

the

than

further

halting-place.

substitute

translated

are

hump

in

the

placed

of the

bull

these

is

and

some

camel

days,
of

the
may

has

use

applied

animals, in

hot

natural

upon

of

an

vision
pro-

When

thiret.

circumstances
with

of

in itself

incumbrance

peculiar
be

other

it feeds

the

inconvenient
to

study

gradually disappears

explanation

mere

perhaps
and

the

successive

This

the

to

supply'against

circumstances,

adapted

cow,

that

well-known

its

it,and

themselves

fact

for several

seem

camel

has

remarkable

reduced.

otherwise

applied

not

besides

food

perceptibly

wonderfully

the

hunger,
which,

would

Providence

have

of

its usual

hump,

own

limbs

who

ignorant

against

the

and

them

wearied

the

for

meet

to

with

caravan

into

together

them

from

beginning.
*

its

'

camel

uneasy

clothes

little

some

agreeable

an

the

last

but

"c.

go

where

and

himself

obtains

Pilgrims,

the

dollars

days' journey,

its entry
to

go

them

with
as

and

new,

the

take

place

before

one

merely

ass,

jaded

but

persons

usually

of the

metropolis), the

night

such

Lake

(or

Shdweesh

seldom

are

addressed,

The

clothes,

and

his

them,

pilgrimage, taking

classes

poorer

el-Hagg

from

from,

returning

the

to

many

so

are

three

or

They

"

which

they

shawl,

divides

deliver

and

rich,
or

friends

The

whom

of money,

go

who

who

news

of those
at

the

on

!"

Shdweesh

sells them,

and

great

the

convey

bargains.

their

pilgrims.

to

pass

Muslim

every

exception

to

they

as

God, bless him

persons

those

by

presents

Some

the

number

And

The

people, and

presents from

delivers

Citadel,

representative.

wealthy

packet,

the

way,

their

to

Blessing

"

"

pilgrims

exclaim,

!"

Prophet

packets, with

or

the

responds,

directly to

proceed

in

the

Bless

"

from

companions

two

passengers

or,

letters

XXIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

bring

to

his

and

the

to

Prophet

to

MODERN

the

fat

before

the

excrescence

shews
in

how
which

equal propriety
and

of

to

arid climates.

Chap.

XXIV.

honour

KETUKN

to

with

friends.

It

the

caravan,

the

and

drums

went

forth

music

and

in

fatal

who

receive

the

arduous

and

rend

the

they

as

heard

predominant

shrill

notes

of the

The

with

this

utter

Prophet
the

short

him

pardon

the

This

!"

God

"
"

"

God

"

custom

the

are

the

and

of others.

accosted,
for

thee

!" or,

pilgrim,

city

drum,

joy

sons

which

the

to

the

origin

its

of

victims

with

pardon

pardon

owes

pardoneth

shrieks

often

for

petition, Pray

or

fallen

of the

are

who

Many

husbands

proclaim

return,

ejaculation,

the

pilgrims

steps

noise

which

of

instead

having

their

the

their

on

their
their

retrace

who

many,

conveniences.

piercing

over

how

those

of

meet

The

hautboy,

pilgrims,

passengers,

to

city their

the

to

out

go

journey through

number

tidings of

often

"

the

fatigue.

air

escort

lamentation

necessary

melancholy

privation

they

for

forth

go

and

the

at

see,

who

parties

numerous

with

great

affecting to

holy places, and

themselves

women

to

to

is very

return

hope,

afford

cannot

the

from

157

PILGEIMS.

welcome

to

rejoicing ;

is

desert

the

pipes

arrived

friends

THE

their
of

approach

OF

to

;" and

me

0 God

"

for

of the

saying

him

and

by

whom

pilgrim imploreth pardon."

I write

after

the

The

Hasweh,

caravan

pebbly

suburb

of

entered

the

fourth

sunrise,

the

of

or

been

also

lamentation

felt, than

that

the

to

groups

walls

and

of

Eabeea

sunset, and

this

two

followed

returning

were

seemed
which

met

of

or

morning,

is

more

who

made

at

funerals.

shrieks
and

by

ing
sing-

women

women

natural,

patient
im-

three

preceded

by

with

after

soon

inquiries respecting relations

make

and

the

asses,

upon

several

met

after

the

northern

4th

the

entered

but

(A.D.

1250

the

near

caravan

outside

just

halting-place,

of

eve

el-Hdgg

Flight

desert,

was

near;

riding

last

caravan

drew

its

flag-bearers,and

by

out

left

Nezlet

the

the

on

The

month.

it

they expected,
Their

the

metropolis.

and

already

of

pilgrims

pilgrims,

at

the
of

year

arrived
tract

few

before

musicians

the

Cairo, last night,

el-Owwal.

of

account

it, in

witnessing

1834)."

the

following

more

This

had
whom

and

sobs.

deeply
year,

in

158
addition

to
men

perhaps,

there

to

draw

lines

another

pilgrims

many

seizure

of

so

which

it divided

consisted,
camels,

short

women.

enter

the

most

proceeding
;

take

in

and

the

more

camels

the

of

comprised

into

lines

three

of the

an

metropolis, as above-mentioned,
of

the

pilgrims

the

of them

train

for

broken

was

and

asses,

camels
beside

rode
and

by musicians,

attended

were

quitted their

had
of

conveyance

there

sometimes

but

one;

of

train

uninterrupted

an

places

easy

(though

usual

it

army,

few

of

many

by

The

wee.

consequence

Each

part,

one

Many

space.

their

to

the

for

abreast

to

of

proportion

uncommon

the

for

men

many

in

third,

the

el-'Ada
than

three

in

en-Nasr

Bdb
and
;

Bdb

numerous

sea); and,

by

went

the

to

more

began

caravan

called

el-Futooh

Bdb

usual.

is

metropolis, parted
gate

second,

was

year

sunrise, the

that,

so

than

after

the

the

army

wailing

the

towards

the

for

lamented

to be

were

more

gates of the

towards

off from

this

caravan

half

the

directly

branching

two

and

line

one

rather

was

to

near

seized

been

had

hours

two

deaths, there

many

who

thousand

About

'

great

XXIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODEBN

THE

some

by flag-bearers.
The

most

is called

small,
each
in

or

tent, and

is

has

of which
same

the

manner

as

which

covering

front, and

it appears
it is

carry

heavy burdens,

placed

camels

musattah
"

litter

"

also

the

of

easy

pace

other

and

and

kinds

be

on

called

camel

each

side

the

is

uneasy

has

been

motion
that

has

This

generally

open

back.

the

opened

tent.

the

at

with

together

It is

consequently
of

the

on

pack-saddle, support

persons.

camel

are

placed
one

long chests,

of two

are

resembles

It

panniers,

may

be

upon

these

camel's

two

comfortable,

musattah."

placed outwards,

what

may

when

but

the

on

forms

of

are

accommodates

conveyance
the

pair

by the pilgrims

used

chieflycomposed

which

pole resting

heml

"

back

high

high backs,

small

at

musattah,"

square

the

and

"

of camel-litter

kind

common

Though
especially

accustomed

swinging

generally

chosen

for

litters.

There

is

to

walk

bearing
one

kind

the
of

"

called

"

shibreeyeh," composed

of

small, square

Chap.

XXIV.

RETURN

with

platform,
one

arched

an

is

and

person,

sahh^rahs

(or

comfortable

most

which

bent

other

down

by four

light

behind

under

borne

persons

the

which

back, in which

and

bottles

much

so

I went

last

night.

which
at

half

the

slow

clothes, and
his

wife,

fervently kissed

and

and

her;

meet

to

soldiers, "c.,

ground
*'

"

Mahmil

and

This

latter

I shall

is also

by

the

correct, but

its

whole

on

not

caravan

few

the

apart

he

from

spear

was

side

also

stood

the

did

passed

appellation,but

future

occasions, the

than

not

the

rest

"

two

rise
The

officers,
of

in

stuck

Mahmal,"

presently give

more

clothes,

of

his

in

him,

to

and

carpet,

"

tall

had

old

inquiries.

caravan)

shall

dressed

of

cold

pilgrims

out

left:

campment.^
en-

meetings

was

bit

in

of

place

large bundle

and

correct

usual.

little

stationary, somewhat

is the

follow,

of

tent

which

(of

I remained

Had

elapsed before
*

made

he

spot,

and

the

sister, came

right

encamped
his

and

him,

only

were

By

caravan.

of

me

the

seeing

the

(proceeding

left the

pilgrim
his

water-

this

to

children, with

weight

(or chief

el-Hagg

Emeer

at

front

passed

passed

caravan

on

small

'at the

hour

an

interested

perhaps
the

it has

suburb

had

sitting

or

under

perspiring

half

one

Two

easy.

had

caravan

whole

with

borne

placed.

than

sisters, and

disgusted

was

ragged
when

much

was

be

the

the

painfully

earthen

porous

from

the

half

almost

brothers,

of wives,
but

about

more,

more

more

general,

the

ride

my

before,

one

is

lattice- work

may

where

place

The

takht'rawdn,"

"

is

of the

more

camel,

litter is sometimes

wooden

Egypt

little

pace),

hour

an

or

in

During

occupied

one

used

to

on

of

two

the

of

latter

the

In

it.

camel:

camels,

its motion

in

projecting meshrebeeyeh

of

but

shibreeyeh.

the

two

This

case

travel

may

head

side

called

by

vehicle.

the

in

mules,

for

the

of

each

on

of litter is that

commonly

accommodates

back

foundation

kind

is most
the

and

chests),one

secure

This

the

on

159

PILGRIMS.

covering.

placed

square

form

generally

THE

OF

the
the
or

sketch

hours

would

called

"Mahmal;"

have

me.

it is
usual

commonly

pronunciation.

"

Mihmal

"

160

and

description);

ornamented

with

Many
the

"

of

"

the

of

season

into

(made

fibres

(or

the

palm-tree,
of aloes-

them

render
the

acceptable),

more

"c., of the

eyes), shawls,

various
It

is

custom

common

pilgrim's house,
arrival

of stone

courses

whitewash

the

with

manner,

side

if it be

his

after

is called
to

the

"

feast

seventh

is called

during

the

is

of

day

the

pilgrims
spectacle

of
is

the

say,
a

his

to

feast

in

the

the

Heg"s,^

the

to

for
and

witnessed
Or,

as

be

it in

in

Numerous

week

after

the

his

and

The

pilgrim

the

evening

feast, which

for

return

This

khatmeh,

rude

very

come

me."

He

and

on

entertainment,

Subooa."
;

white:

guests

pardon

another

friends

On
with

similar

and

red

done.

for

his

ochre, and

red

colours.

Pray

continues
a

or

zikr,

evening.
on

this

which
enter

caravan

of

alternate

the

it with

other

of

entrance

days, before

painted

are

to

of

that

after

great

cleaning

powder

colouring

ensuing night

and

morning

for

black

the

Nezleh."

home

the

"

"leef"

(or

his friends

"

to

at

usually performed
On

this

the

day gives

which

tomb

Zemzem-water,

stripes

"c.,

order

and

remains

generally

at

employ

we

ornamenting

horizonal

to

him,

as

of

above

and

arrival, he entertains

welcome

the

and

black, red, and

writes

the

in

three

or

of brick,

broad

in green,

sometimes

"

kohl

two

or

often, also, trees, camels,

manner,

of

Prophet's

(or sticks

ornament

door,

each

on

or,

"

(or rosaries)of

manufacture

to

day,

painting

"

"

Zemzem

India.

from

things

"

generally dipped

are

the

washing,

miswdks

"

"

is renewed

(which

sebhahs

"

of

(or frankincense),

in

from

presents,

as

well

from

"

used

wood,

materials,

teeth, which

canvass,

flasks), pieces

dust

libdn

"

sacred

Kaabeh

pilgrimage),

the

other

or

of

cover,

them,

copper

of the

cakes),

combs

the

or

hard

of

sponge),
same

the

of

tin

or

covering)

(or

with

pilgrims bring

bottles,

kisweh

travelling

inscriptions.

few

the

its

with

XXIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

holy territory,"water
China

(in
"

MODERN

THE

is the

pronounced

in

the
the

main

body

metropolis,
of

return

Arabia, He]

ax.

the

of the

another

Mahmal,

162
which

in

is borne

metropolis,

of the

must

ornamental
of

contains

Kur-dn),

of the

of

form

usual

gilt silver,

attached

is borne

indulged

with

of

pilgrims

son

(with

Eiyoob)
covered

the

The
of

are

seen,

I have

view

of

kind

the

(or copies
in

five

the

in

of

case

sketch

which

balls

with

giltsilver.

The

which

camel,

the

to

other

The

top.

every

few

who

but

is

of

the

sent
in

this

(commonly

Es-Sdleh

Ez-Zahir

generally

labour

during

the

his

called

herself

to be

pilgrimage

borne
litter),

by

of

it is

the

and

caravan

throne.

the

the

on

of

and

for

the

of

of

house
of

Egypt,

"hodag"

several

tiful
beau-

of his

death

Queen

as

wife

favourite

magnificent
;

670

Flight

to

dynasty

of

generally said, had

the

acknowledged
camel

the

accession

became

in

the

Shegeret-ed-Durr),

Kegm-ed-Deen,
terminated

with

year

custom,

slave, who

Beybars, King

Mahmal

before

years

female

whom

Sultdn

Mekkeh,
675;

or

caused

performed

from

the

first

to

Turkish
Sultan

tall

is

mus-hafs

enclosed

the

covering

it,the Sultan's

scroll, and

at

of

regard

over

two

Mahmal,

fine

Its

front,

description.
the

that

Sheger-ed-Durr
the

by

the

was

origin

has

fringe

have

and,

has

of its life.

(a.d.1272),
its

this

exemption

is related

Egypt,

; but

externally

ornament

remainder

the

gold

small

explain

Mahmal

It

on

book, also small, each

crescents, which

the

in

nothing

one

will

insert

part of

worked

with

balls.

that

cover

every

upper

Mekkeh,

It

cipher.

in

square

parts upon

pattern, with

same

inscriptions

some

bordered
silver

return

and

with

in

gold,

by

the

after

the

on

of

Temple

surmounted

but

decorations;
remarked,

in

is

top;

worked

silk, and

red

It

pyramidal

as

account.

an

itself.

richly

embroidery

made

always

not

Mahmal

it

the

after

morning

just given

always

is not

describe

I shall

the

I have

brocade,

or

procession

on

wood,

tassels

silk, with

it,

with

green

This
order

the

black

of

covering

the

the

through

Hasweh,

from

same

describe
of

skeleton-frame

ground

the

of which

pilgrims

First,

and

in

day witnessed

this

have

Citadel.

XXIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

procession

the

to

exactly

arranged

MODEBN

THE

(or

successive

Chap.

XXIV.

her

years

for

the

sake

(which

of

of

followed

as

for

reason

The

mentioned,
after

It

followed,

"

Gemel

having

only

camel,

and

successive

is

He

this

years

the

rolls his head

he

the

government

travelling provisions.
her

the

head

called

the

uncovered,

five

then, about

saddles,

Almost

of the

mere

covered

its
:

Kaabeh.

emblem

in

camel,

of

camels,

with

have

given

is that

others, that

stuffed

with

is destined
the
his

small

to

covering

general

be

was

Kext

"

have

horsemen

ornamented
Each

green.

flags,slanting

of the

accounts

erroneous

which

of

which

and

and

to

with

camel.

Turkish

red

also

Cats), having

her

on

procession

with

his

and

She

shirt.

of

journey.

used

of the

group

number

it contains

Burckhardt,
royalty.

the

all

old woman,

an

her

cloth, mostly
with

covering

there

Mother

sitting about

twenty

all travellers
that

Prophet
the

the

decorated

was

asserting
round

of

the

(or

and

and

camels

two

many

Mahmal,

with

wearing

on

For

of the

ago

was

mounted

Mekkeh;

Mekkeh,

only

describe, followed

to

saddle

"

six cats

or

sheykh

begun
and

and

this

the whole

years

from

and

to

Umm-el-Kutat

"

always
to

Mahmal,

few

which

"Sheykh-el-

the

from

during

head.

followed

and

to

of

entirely naked,

was

his

year

about

Mahmal,

called

he

the

large body

almost
:

in

character

fellow,

has

sheykh

one

en-Nasr,

the

came

trowsers

caravan

supplied by

follow

Next

Camel),

old

Bab

by

singular

the

them

Mahmal,

the

incessantly rolling

was

that

of

pair

accompanied
assert

of

(or Sheykh

the

prohibited

headed

swarthy

long-haired, brawny,

the

of

city,by

"), as
countries

it aflforded

hodag

"

was

usual, by

as

of

other

caravan.

(or regular) infantry.

Is izam
was

pomp

the

sunrise.

of

Egypt

Mahmil

"

or

kings

return

entered

of

kind

Wahhdbees

The

the

the

of

the

vain

of

intercepting

hour

an

object

an

merely

caravan

pilgrims,

Mahmal,"

"

and

example.^

procession

above

of
;

the

succeeding princes
of

name

royalty

their

Mahmal

Hence,

the

with

sent

year's caravan

received

103

MAHMAL.

THE

was

state.

each

emblem

an

h6dag

empty

with

sent,

OP

EETUBN

Mahmal

placed

which

accuracy,

over

is to be
describes

the

some

tomb

suspended
it

as

164

forward

from

feathers

upon

part

and

the

with

other

on

the

Mahmal,

the

city

misinformed

on

I found

Mahmal

make

of

advantage
found,

I
and

and

by

after, about

place

open

of

the

called

fringe,

and

and

induced

to utter

me

prevented

his

displacing

him

he

only

for

it

touch
to

walk

of

the

by

said

that

had

and

one,

On

this, he

had

that

could

never

the
not

other

then

expressed
heard

been

of

had
allowed

at me,

perhaps

to

he

entrance

friend, to-day,
and

done

having

certainly
:

the

astonishment,

one

and

I continued

Muslim

any

influenced

approach

to

back.

great

hold

of the

hard

dress

my

them

great

caught

very

fringe, nearly

telling

my

soon

After

guardian

persons

drove

Prophet

have

possibly

or

side, holding the

done

he

before, and
or

its

me

the

pious ejaculation, which

allowed

Eumeyleh.

that

me

by

one

it

Citadel.

The

it,looked

behind

walked

Mahmal,

overtook

hand,

my

by its side.

walked

horses, for

of the

the

before

kissing

running,

it entered

before

Eumeyleh,

advancement.

Bedawees'

squeezing,

hour

an

times, and

object, who

sacred

of

the

it three

touching

much

to

procession :

and

glimpse

hired,

time, I took

the

walking
the

the

but

difficult

of

little

of
the

of

had

very

loss

very

of

legs

effort, and

was

again joined
after

and,
the

quarter

these

street

that

further

made

I had

that

it

hour, at length caught

an

entry

procession

the

but

the

of

principal

donkey

without

so,

between

great

it

dismounted;

half

about

of

by-streets, and

however,

dodging

the

at

Mounting

some

therefore

by

with

and

time

the

to

midst

overtake

to

progress

any

in the

passed.

I endeavoured

they

as

followed

were

horsemen

as

arriving

my

myself

had

They

camels

these

henn^

of the

dye

small

closed.

was

been

Having

red

Bedawee

of

body

procession

the

the

the

of

that

same

side

each

on

perceived

occasions.

similar

numerous'

very

the

upon

chiefly formed

were

I think

cowries.

hung

ostrich-

of

plume

upright

fixed

bell

large

covering

small

stick

slightly tinged

are

and

part,

top of
had

on

called

were

fore

the

some

ornaments

shells

the

XXIV.

"hap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

taken

added

that

love

so

for

I had

Chap.

XXIV.

RETURN

derived

of

inestimable

an

in

prudent
this

is

enthusiastic

exclaim,

it

passed

about

metropolis
open

it crossed

this

salute

returned

curious

is allowed

custom

the

of

the
the

at

the

entered

entrance

of the

proceeded

along

the

of the

guns

Citadel

and

Rumeyleh,

gate of the

departure

for

more

ceeded
pro-

Citadel, called

will

the
boys go about
with
each
boy armed

of

stick, called

and

fall

they

faddahs,
Last

year

with

this

some

of the

Frank

boys

having
*

beaten

by

Bdsha, who
to

"

the

in

caused

Sheykh

of

of

large

makra'ahs.
accordance

the

;" but

correctly

written

but

beating.

wekdleh

for

him.
makra"ah

ten

bastinading

severe

the

the

or

wek^leh

repeated
a

they

Give

five

their

the

meet

boys, in

some

him, and

the

to

with

sought refuge
after

gift

three

half

**

or

palm-

or

about

they

the

him

of

two

el-'adeh,"

refuse

entered

protected
Pronounced

Hdrt

**

he

whom

Jew

or

companies

end

to

its

on

Numbers

in

made

end

which

Mahmal,

thick

are

sions
occa-

described.

which

beating

to

and

administered

be

If

of the

of the

larger

of

was

custom,

complained

the

demand

present."

customary

in

the

on

Kisweh

and

th^ metropolis

piece

Christian

any

the

with

accost

short

from

splits, extending
length

of

streets
a

Mahmal

hereafter

be

makra'ah,"^

"

practised

procession

pompous

Mekkeh,

be

to

the

processions of

latter,and

to

it

el-Wezeer.

Bab

He

the

to

northern

it to the

through

it had

of the

twelve

my

which

arrived

next

denied

closed, and

were

to

an

soldier

through

after

Meydan

about

then

half

large place

Kara

called

place,while

and

shewed

hast

the

why

heard

It

spectators.

hour

an

space

latter

fired

by

learn

shops

great

so

persons

streets

the

I cannot

be

friends

me

Lord, Thou

The

would

Muslim

envy

it; and

my

I"

pilgrimage

occupied

Rumeyleh

the

"

it

my

Many

touch

to

densely crowded

were

mastabahs

long

sacred.

passed him,

the

performing

them

make

so

eagerness

as

of

perhaps displease them.'

esteemed

that

and

others

any

it would

as

privilege,and

tell

165

MAHMAL.

blessing,

to

not

me

fact,

Mahmal

THE

OF

"

mikra'ah.**

not-

166

THE

the

beginning

third

month)

In

(the

the
called

the

the

of

the

lake

but

of

scene

several
for

the

darweeshes,

sdree

lamps

more

the

which

hung

sometimes

festival
month

of

ornamental

and

the

on

continue,

the

mode

of

month

day of the month

before

mentioned

that

reckoning,
which

that

this

second

and

day
;

in

night

night

word

is

is that

more

the

for

of

the

monies
cere-

until

the

to

the

preceding

the

is, according

the

fession
pro-

merely

day

night,

here

This

lake

given

has

was

occupied by

been

written
the

lake

filled
; and

is

now

up,
the

planted

and
tract

the

on

chief

the
scene

as

of

the

rejoicings and

the

following day

these
of

the

other

sometimes,

preparations

on

lamps

many

arranged

The

manner.

"

yards

the

Mohammad,

sometimes

; and

generally completed

night

have

God

of

few

to

one

kdim

**

hung

are

ropes

zikrs.

repeat

line,

flowers, lions, "c.

names

faith, "c,

from

or

of the Moolid,

properly pronounced

Molid."
^

was

stretched

dozen

is termed
in

lasts,

darweeshes,

ring, and

erected

these

with

numerous

what

masts

upon

the

as

Mohammadan

"

it,

mostly

is erected

these

and

chief

festival

Among

of

mentioned,

the

ropes,

Around

ropes

form

begin:

twelfth

by

festival

is the

lake

pitched

are

is

margin

above

while

sixty, form

four

the

and

twelfth

it.

in

are

zikrs.

of the

fanciful,

perform

ground

such

words,

of

")

night,

to

the

of

seewans

every

numerous

the

"

the

this

of the

on

quarter

spot is erected

consists

to

the

In

fiftyor

same

apart, with
and

to

bed

dry

"),firmly secured

about

generally
Near

who,

in them,

0*

mast

celebrated

which,

lake

time

the

at

space

of

this

open

whole

becomes

is

of

scene

large

brating
cele-

which

Prophet,

the

almost

is then

(called

tents

for

principal

together

festival.'

large

assemble

The

present, the

at

commenced
the

of

inundation,

years

which

Prophet,

el-Owwal"

quarter of the

the

of

season

are

Birth

el-Ezbekeeyeh,

for several

case

the

south-west

Birket

during

of

"Eabeea

of

preparations

en-Ne*bee."

is the

called

month

XXIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

the

of

festival

"Moolid^

festival

the

MODERN

garden,

since
of

western

side

of the

festival.

the

the

account

space

that

Chap.

XXIV.

MOOLID

properly
nights,
the

speaking.^

numbers

Ezbekeeyeh.

shall

describe

1250,

from

those

During

the

scene

of

th6

of

of this

of former

the

have

performers.
swings
the

and

sale

At

year.

with

night,

wood

numbers

of

shops

well

and

Every

night,

darweeshes

an

they

number

of

wars."

The

happened

of

day

the

on

the

el-Owwal
that

same

Like

that

represented

in

Chapter

VI.

eatables,

whole

of the

of which,

some

as

the

amuse

recitations.

their

of

the
a

the

the
and

month,

of

long staves,

of

is also

week, namely, Monday.

2

at

his birth

of the

day

with

night,

anniversary

and

on

are

the

of

both
same

weeshes,
darwith

of 'the

"ishdrah"

death

with

of

company

by

bearing

part, and

upper

flags, or

procession

Rabeea

same

with

of

lanterns

instead

carry

procession

day,

It is remarkable

of Mohammad.
have

by

is called

twelfth

The

in

midnight, processions of

them

to

to

this

lighted

are

Mohaddits

quarter

day, they

attached

whether
menwars,

the

in

do

lamps

"men

this

few

none

are

the

at

listen

after

more

through

pass

flags, as

or

there

hung

or

stop and

to

hour

ShA'ers

the

rope-dancers, who

coffee-shops;

places,

choose

who

the

all

stalls for

numerous

almost

during

open

are

other

persons

called

too

so

in

fis

are

festival.

streets,

stalls, stocked

and

sequently,
con-

of

mentioned

mostly

are

"c.

the

at

but

above

streets

which

chiefly sweetmeats,
night

festival

The

"c.

attractive

most

cipal
prin-

repentance,

vow

them

Sometimes,

this

the

it

(or reciters

dancing,

erected, and

"c.

at

lamps,

many

the

are

sweetmeats,

gipsies,perform

are

of

none

to

of

profession

among

whirligigs

of

the

ers

parts of the neighbouring

some

Flight

which

at

by Sha

compelled

now

to be

In

assembled

amused

are

their

are

girls used

in

particulars

people

been

lately

there
These

of the

year

to
and

Moolid,

Aboo-Zeyd), conjurers, buffoons,

relinquish

to

(the

year

flock

years.

festival

of

the

and

days

metropolis

during

some

the

day-time,

romance

Ghawazee
and

festival

of the
notes

1834), mentioning

A.D.

differs

these

nine

of

period

inhabitants

I write

"

the

this

During

of the

167

EN-NEBEE.

the

death

related

day

to

of the

168

sect

is

is,of the

that

applied

mobtly

the

dress

and

some

of them

and

most

of

brown

On

them

last

the

than

are

greater.

the

former

This
moon

I shall
of these

to

on

Birket

would

the

best

here

persons

were

without

lanterns.

scarcely any
zikr

the
than

all

appeared

kandeels

(or

lanterns

of

through

of

honour
small

the

night)

in

here

in

which
this

and

with

Represented

This

was

much

so

in

sheykh

not

near

title.

the

merely

on

end.

in

(or

Darweesh'
A

call

we
as

many

hanging

hig Moolid.

Chapter V.,

his name,

were

"zdwiyeh"

display

they

hundred

hung

not

near

was

chieflyof

kandeels

Friday-night (or what

every

not

night

negefeh"

"

that

this

of

scene

three

or

were

crowded

manner

two

about

there

the

large

the

and

go

chandeliers,

several

is buried

to

inore

Around

were

performed.

night,

very

lights were

they

informed

be

was

of

south

was

At

such

the

crowded;

at

about

having

Prophet:

of

placed

These

bottom.

but

each

were

which

number

the

on

passengers.

glass lamps ).^

wood,

El-'Ashmdwee

on

festivity. I

of

to

case

suspended

rather

small

mosque)

performed

the

the

one), containing

the

month,

occasion,

this

on

El-Bekree,

another,

but

lunar

were

passed

usually

among

or

below

glass,one

is

place, was

(a chandelier,

attractions

witnessed

what

that

which

Sook

other

any

numerously

just

El-6ekree,

zikrs

allowed,
As

the

or

other

on

the

scenes

witness

to

the

of

women

in

and

the

of

the

Sook

called

through

streets

wear

more

I have

night

enlivened

and

street

is

nights,

what

eleventh

el-Ezbekeeyeh,

be

The

describe

cotton,

or

shops.

festival

preceding

felt cap

nights.

the

high,

was

passed

the

on

being

the

they

their

at

turban,

or

linen

which

or

nights,

two

blue

dress

work

daily

padded

or

are

ing
distinguish-

no

ordinary

an

common

shirt, the

darweeshes

have

wear

tarboosh,

the

wear

their

at

attended

the

merely

and

"

ish^rah

"

term

These

orders,

number

greater

woollen,

occasions

lower

of the

persons

rather, the

or,

itself.

procession

the

to

;"

banner

"

XXIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

zikr

is

Thursday-

the

present

170

MODEBN

THE

oommenced
and

sunset),
The

continued

then

They

chanted

lord

Mohammad

our

lord

the

our

bless

our

lord

Mohammad

unto

the

day

of

apostles

among

and

well

of

illustrious

'Alee, and

our

sufficiency;
no

God,

strength
0

is

the

of

then

were

nor

three

for

but

This

all

And

there

the

Great.

Thou

most

They

Amen."
and

orders

recited

again

prefacing

of

form

almost

by

is

God

High,

God.

minutes

*Osman

and

pardon,

four

or

silently.

used

commonly

bountiful.

of

persons

of God.

the

God,

liberal

Thou

most

silent

Fat'hah,

in

but

power

the

of

those

Guardian.

is the

excellent

and

and

exalted!)

and

'Omar

and

and

princes,^

and

masters,

our

and

prophets

heavens

favourites

other

all the

Lord,

our

bountiful

the

with

and

Aboo-Bekr,

estimation,

and

is

lords

our

bless

and

exalted

blessed

be

name

our

period ;

all the

the

of

and

most

bless

and

(whose

with

pleased

the

bless

God,

generations

time

zikr

the

in

darweeshes

of

"'*

El-rdt'hali

generations
latter

among

"

every

inhabitants

God

may

be

in

judgment
the

words

the

Mohammad

'"

exclaiming,

former

among

bless

earth:

lord

first

the

among

after

altogether ;

by reciting the Fdt'hah,

following

Mohammad

hours

three

(or

hours.

(or chief;

Sheykh

o'clock

two

began

performers

their

three

about

at

XXIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

Egypt.-^
After

this

the

manner

in

"

measure,

to

the

preface, the

described,

above

illa-llah

ilaha

Ld

air

following

"

Sitting

zikr.

is

deity but

no

slow

in

chanted,

they

(" There

God

^S

E
La

li

the

performers began

The

ha

la

angels

la

ha

in heaven.

la

il

la-1

h.

La

La

lah.

li

It is called

ha

"

il

la-1

istiftah

lih.

ez-zikr."

"),

Chap.

XXIV.

the

bowing
ilaha
hour

head

with

and

measure,

variation
mnweshshah

of love

and

are

book

sung

it

verse

rhyme

the
for

the

in the

as

or

or

of

of

Song
the

object

original,but

love

With

vitals

My

While

Will
Alas

my

not

e*er meet

makes

And

my

Whose

heart

is like

my

Scarcely know
Alas

Draw

Did
my

mine

not

eye ?

estrangement

sigh.

not

I'm

wasted

my

hope expire :

tears, like pearls, are

My

I weep.

teai-s

tears, I would

By dreary nights
Absence

sleep :

far distant

love

rhyme

streaming

seems

Did

Draw

"

dissever*d

with

my

is troubled

is

wrapt

condition
I

dropping

in fire.
?

remedy.

estrangement

tears, I would

not

which

sigh.

was

I translate

system

only,

translation.

eye-lid hind'reth
are

union

My

heart

my

mine

And

one

and

difference

in my

not

as

stanza

who

following poem

measure

each

I have

darweesh

describe.

to

style,from

which

the

out

the

of

from

zikrs, and

this

fifth lines

"

poems,

begun

original,with

and

these

imitate

and

of

at

I have

their

specimen

pointed

common

muweshshahs,

of these

one

of

He

which

verse

first, third,
other

Prophet

present Moolid,

the

most

zikr

of

number

zikrs.

many

those

of

same,

the

to

the

In

the

nature

the

to

as

numerous,

during

at

of
at

similar

translation

containing

presides
one

give

very

purchased

as

of

peated
re-

quicker

kaseedeh,

an

praise.

here

I shall

which

ode

in

motions.
to

sang,

L4

"

time, they

of

air, but

same

of

quarter of

space

air, portions of

generally alluding

Solomon,

about

frequently

same,

an

repetition

correspondingly quicker

the

of

each

same

the

to

munshids

the

meantime,

the

words

same

in

continued

they

then, for about

and

twice

body

Thus

illa-Udh."

the

and

171

EN-NEBEE.

MOOLID

that

with

of

the
each

172

"

turtle-dove

Wherefore

thus

Art

thou
Of

He

saith,
Worn

Draw

Shew

favour

Thou

Alas

of
:

the

Great

his wish

thy

am

thou

small

thou

who

of

the

"

Arabian

sigh."

not

is

the

In

which

one

and

lest it

expressions,I

the

verse.

strongly

more

Solomon

of

varied

in

phantom

said,

author

tion
collec-

same

begins

shall

these

with

in

phantom

of the

have

in

poem.

visil ed

of slumber

The

with

ends

me

I who

singer

in my
sent

sometimes

exactly

ghazal

"

the

"

are

the

following

slumber
thee

Solomon's

translated

is

with

of El- Yemen

poem

of

verse

Bible,

our

!"

milk

comparison

synonymous

mountains

form

drinking

concluding

as

!
of

time

we

which,

thy

of skin

the

past

the

El- Yemen

fresh

verses

This
of

gazellesof

cost

and

Arabic

the
"

the

scarce

word

and

of age,

that

spices."

The
I

deny.

that

to

zikrs

these

with

gazelle);

place

lines, to shew

into

without

art

of

roe," is used

The

Prophet

more

among

slave

for

Song;

Thee.

estrangement

I have

at

me.

tears, I would

them

sung

first

the

"

not

songs

that

gazelle from

agreeing

these

to

excepting

not

few

"

"

my

render

to

poems

"

In

Draw

thought

be

attempt

lines

Did

translate

should
not

sigh.

not

El-Bekree,*

Lord

no

Do

similarity of

yet

slave, Ahmad

By Td-Ha,2

the

estrangement

sole Eternal

Hath

I must

love,

First, and

Thy

I lie.*

tears, I would

thy

pent ?

equal

griefs are

not

my

absence

by

with

away
Did

lament?

deprived, and

Our

me

thou

dost

stung

so

thy wings

Alas

"'

acquaint

XXH'.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

"

(or

tains
moun-

lines

"

?'

puts his

own

name

in the

of this.
Ta-Hi

"

(as

Prophet.

I have

mentioned

on

former

occasion) is

name

of

the

Chap.

XXIV.

He

said,

He

whose

The
I
I

shew
thou

said,

thou
said

Had

the

this

only

selected

that

of

begun

each

two

The

air

As

"

aid, and

the

found

length
was

proof

of

the

inserted

as

been

fon^his

(thjjgh

I have

use

the

resume

not

with

and

zikr

the

sign
de-

just

have

agreeing

at

now

the

to

Muslims

sung

the

generality

which

frequent

li

the

which

tion
descrip-

last
as

Nights," printed af

il

may

six of

the

common

Calcutta

Meded

;" accenting

thus

used, spiritual

to

first,very

aid.

described,

above

as

air, for

diflPerent

such

for

invocation

an

zikrs),one

slowly,

then

about

quickly.

this,

"

when
signifies,

words

time

of

ha

word

the

implies

same

in other

is customary

having performed

follows

as

Li

(as

Meded

"

repeated
same

doubt

most

as

in

I must

out

zikkeers, after

the

the

the

of

others

having

sang

syllable.

next

by

sense

any

being

as

as

munshids

The

songs

almost

composed

are

specimens

to

describe.

to

supernatural

have

but

and

spiritual sense

entertain

frequent intervals

the

they

verses

that

Finding

"

numerous,

such

The

following

zikr.

of that

in

""

"

five

Song.

have

to

preference
;

the

I have

or

only

?*

watchmen

the

and

that

I cannot

Solomon
of

of

zikrs

Song.

in

former

At

second

religious love-songs

the

been

the

love

breath.'

my

extremely

are

at

Solomon's

of

and

night :

down.
desire

feared

not

of

darkness

sat

but, however,

understood

not

and

of Solomon's

intended

and

of

given

with

he

all my

soul

my

chapter

vulgar ^);

the

me

sung

certainly
of

me,

description

purpose,

in the

me

until

midnight,

I feared

above

poems

knowest

petition,and

at

from

visited

honour,

my

to

fifth

of

him

come

taken

Compare

heart

of my

thou

whom

me

occupies thee.*

stood, to

He

the

sent

love

beloved

Hast

of

He

'

173

EN-KEBEE.

MOOLID

la-1

la

that,

mention,
lines

here

love-song
(vol. i.

p.

in

La

h.

since

the

translated, with
a

portion

425).

of

the

la

above
some
**

ha

was

il

la-1

written, I

tions,
slight altera-

Thousand

and

One

174

THE

XXIV

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

^^^^^^
la

Then

h.

La

these

they repeated

air, in the

same

11

manner

ha

words

il

la-1

lah.

to

the

ha

il

again,

following

^gs
Li

They
air.

was

La

and

the

laying
last

the

he

much
rim

the

tambourine.

alternately to
ildha

the

illa-Udh."
of

part

the

zikr, became

Throwing
wild

very

expression

high tone,
Allah

! Allah

Yd

'Ashmdwee

Yd

him,

he

Yd

became

fell

the

on

"

Ya

left

Yd

! M

'Ashmawee
and

held

was

he

exclaimed,

'ammee

!"

signifies

"

this
sessed.
pos-

with

in

very

Allah

"

la Id Id la Id la la Id Id
'ammee

'Ashmawee
!"

had

he

ground, foaming

"La

or

up,

rapidity,

darweesh

head

during

'Ashmawee

Yd

the

his

melbbos,"

"

by beating

looking

Yd

when

by

effort

repetition of

and

!
!

following

and

Id U

'ammee

and

the word

turned

is termed

he

deep

upon

mentioned,

vehemence

that

very

produced

each

at

of countenance,

faint;

he

though

words

zikkeer

about,

arms

the

is

above

! AUdh
^

in

were

zikkeers, still

considerable

what

great

! Allah

'ammee

gradually
words,

with

and

lah

and

they

appearance

The

of

one

another

to

informed

was

words

which

eunuch

his

words

Bdsha.

Each

right
The

in which

order

same

slave, whose
:

with

that

la-1 -lah.

performance,

same

syllable but

resembled

of

principal emphasis

uttering, apparently,

sound

la

same

was

the

the

repeated

and

the

black

to

the

their

who

belonging

next

tone
"

La

lah.

of

stage

inquire

to

eunuch,

hoarse

tall, well-dressed,

standing,

la

and, standing in

this

me

il

sitting,repeated

Dnring

induced

ha

rose,

been

joined by

"

la

next

had

they

at

my

His

uttered
who

the

mouth,

uncle

I"

voice
these
next

was

his

eyes

Chap.

XXIV.

closed, his
his

limbs

thumbs.

believe

it to

Nobody
much

of

All

uncommon.

excited,

their

whole

became

eunuch
remarked
had

usually

his

excite

taste,

his

who

private soldier,
in

from

side

The

zikr,

their

and

calm

commencement,

the

receive

An

isharah

described.
call

to

prayer

meglis
It

during

zikr

continues

the

the

before

sdree, and

the
the

of

all

bare

formance,
per-

ing
growlhead

his

the

vehement
close

and

round

of the
at

the
lected
col-

was

The

sdree

the

from

this

several

tents,

morningeach

smoking.

place
and

of

to

the

the

were

the

lamps

lamps

had, however,

night's
had

above

between

of them

persons
their

zikr

some

moonlight

the

many

the

the

night, until

effect

ground, taking

darweeshes

manner

only resting

the

of

of

meglis

I turned

singular

extinguished;
upon

the

Here,

El-Ezbekeeyeh.

kaim, of the

whole

the

of

zikr,

munshids.^

the

for

performers

midnight

together produced

the

to

pay.

passed

at

solemnity

generally taking coffee, and

was

Birket

and

performance

no

This

the

of

melboos

performers

than

indeed,

particularly striking. Money

was

during
zikkeers

gravity

munshids

was,

presented by

of the

The

more

close

be

to

the

generally

violently shaking

and
contrast

distressingexertions

and

himself

the

greater

the

of

singing

times,

several

with

sinking

joined throughout

manner,

side.

to

the

kind

appeared

and

one

exerted
:

doubtedly
un-

jumping.

times

Towards

had

seemed,

horrible

hearers

pleasing.

very

also

and

two,

or

was

this

now

and

them

of

after

happened

it

of

heads,

some

it and

religious excitement.

performers

again, several

fits

line

to

time

same

melboos

that

sung

my

the

at

over

see

ejaculations

rapidity, violently turning

body

emotions

occurrences

the

their

repeating

could

one

of

state

it ; for

at

no

feigned

high

surprised

not

are

of

effect

result

seemed

zikrs

at

the

fingers clenched

his

epilepticfit

an

was

be

the

and

convulsed,

It

175

EK-NEBEE.

MOOLID

of
come
be-

lying asleep
rest.

terminated

The
:

zikr

I shall

"

'

Few

of the

of the

poorer

spectators,

classes gave

or

hearers, gave

nothing,

and

than

more

indeed

were

not

tea

faddahs

solicited.

; and

those

176

THE

therefore

describe

the

on

the

MODERN

this

night.

next

On
is

the

called

the

Ezbekeeyeh,

not

many

of

collected
them

the

The

of

part of
and

prayers

the

of

the

every

after

last

in

night

and

of

and

the

Sheykh

the

the

in

Birket

districts

district

having

fair

and

of

kd-ook

turban

white

horse

upon

muslin
which

of

an

(or padded
of

composed

bound
he

muslin

distinguished
rode

one

amiable

of

from

very

the

moderate

each

from

is

an

old,

benish,

with

cloth),

deep olive-

black, with

across

of

he

mosque,

white

at

countenance,

covered

from

obliquely
was

Sheykh
day,

cap,

stands

members

The

this

side

darweeshes

the

flags.

wore,

the

of

orders

southern

which

Saadee

of

house

the

to

the

on

tioned,
men-

noon-prayers

all the

from

way

intelligentand
He

say,

Kur-dn,

above

thence

that

to

metropolis

pair

coloiir, scarcely to be
of

the

complexion.

white

having

man,

of

is

the

The

rode

house

parties

they

as

mosque

presides over

his

different

and

he

On

numerous

(or preacher)

from

duty.

next

angle.

the

to

El-Ezbekeeyeh,

joined by

gray-bearded

This

Egypt.

south-western

was

who

El-Bekree,

(the seyyid

having,

passages

accustomed

preaching being concluded,

darweeshes
of

his

perform

it.

solitude, repeating certain

repaired this day (being Friday)

to

day,

is called

This

khateeb

is

to

this

on

darweeshes

who

Hasaneyn,

however,

describe

now

Saadeeyeh

small

spectacle was

beholders.

1 shall

there

conjurers

collected

year,

to

were

was

concourse,

which,

invocations,

secret

had

remarkable

Menzeldwee),

nor

three

or

The

wondering

the

of

mosque
a

of whom

Treading.

or

El

passed

of

two

there

but

what

again

I went

time,

very

sight

Sheykh

the

only

saw

in

zikrs

preceding

noon

that

at

hearers.

for

multitude

Mohammad

and

increased

Doseh,"

"

several

Moolid),

before

there

shd'ers, each

and

witnessed;

attracts

hour

an

it

of

sleep.

to

the

of

night

about

spectators

gradually
be

the

amuse

buffoons

ring

house

XXIV.

observation

my

witnessed

having

to my

persons

to

and

from

following day (that immediately

properly

much

hereafter

After

tents, I returned

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

front.

height

strip
The
and

Chap.

XXIV.

injury, the

on

than

more

The

through

supernatural
that

assert

I could

thought
also

say

this

so,

that

circumstances
tread

to

known,
the

human

on

that

animal

much

By

another
did

it

Saadeeyeh

and

has

then

the

the

On

having

assembly
himself

the

end-wall

of

the

house.

and

almost

other

It is said
the

breakingany

sat

vdth

the

form

that

who

him,

the

founder

of

of them

!.

of

semicircle

second

Sheykh

of

the

order) rode

the
over

the

man,

of

Sheykh

darweeshes,

extraordinary
of

appearance

of
He

almost

in

his

close

to

him,

of

in

eyes;

him.
who

darweeshes

twenty

(or

bended

with

Saadeeyeh (the

heaps

spread

takhtabosh

sat

few

Sheykhj

The

tears

before

servant

seggddeh
a

the

entered

door,

within.
a

any

by only

the

at

about

were

power
em-

blind

this

The

him.

with

the

himself.

and

I stood

incessantly.

of

to

upon

his

of

on

countenance,

persons

entered
in

court

downcast

muttering

of

I. joined the

the

and

accompanied

presenting myself

is well

it

garden, and

the

against

recess) of

into

pavement

wide

stood

slightest

made

perform

to

Doseh

seated

the

had

request

dismounted,

upon

Eight

my

and

me,

the

El-Bekree,

Sheykh

darweeshes.
admitted

died

the

the

of

being

person,

after
to

the

without

This

accomplished

had

Sheykh

accident, he rode
of

prevailed

always performed

performance,
untoward

he

it.

but, if

present Sheykh

The

was

They
;

which,

years,

soon

yielded

horse

several

do

to

person

since

After

back,

intreaty,

but

case.

purpose

from

averse.

persons

surprising

of the

act

an

for

successfully, but

the

house,

is very

refused,

Saadeeyeh

D(5seh.

beings

the

not

least

to

occasion;

for the

fact

the

for

Some

the

was

the

for

account

I mean,

this

that

is trained

animal

only

for

effected

granted

been

Saadeeyeh.^

unshod

perceive

the

would

is

horse

the

the

of

Sheykh

has

severely

or

miracle

pared,
pre-

have,

over,

killed
as

which

power

ridden

either

thus

not

some

be

to

is considered

performance

successive

that

down

occasion, been

one

injured.

every

and

to lie

ventured

having

horse

the

of

tread

179

EN-NEBEE.

MOOLTD

number,

upon
immediate

glass bottles,

some

cessor
suc-

without

180

matting placed
other

sixty

or

him, about
each

(^"God
kind

of

living "), and,

held, by

did

only

for

boss

melboos,

and

throwing

his

lah

and

small

!" A

the

about,

arms

held

A
the

and

zikkeer

he

others,
each

at

Ya

"

Hei

same

motions,

could

and

do

heat.
chant

of

of the

same

in

the

used

eating

after

live

the

Sheykh

put

stop

to

includes

be

I felt

and

be

the

the

the

of

the

and

of

custom

D6seh,

El-Bekree

but

serpents among

and

about

to

an

their
the

began

of

kissed

was

soon

an

hour.

the

hand

apartment.

the

Saadeeyeh,

their

in

present Sheykh
metropolis

creatures

to

the

that

the

this

on

of

feat

celebrated

assembly,

contrary
the

zikr

to

fortable
uncom-

person

quarter
then

not

upper

of

some

in

united

most

to

truder
in-

an

as

and

into

the

but

select

practice in

disgusting,

myself

perform

to

same

impulse

enough

well

present

retired

he

the

noticed

semicircle,

the

Kur-dn

there

the

about

with

irresistible

an

succeeded

for

for

and

just described,

zikr

serpents, before

to this

living ")

Then,

being

I worked

but

darweeshes

to

continued

and

alternate

each

form

("Everlasting!") and,"Ya

without

which

is

manner,

"Ddim!"

same

After

"

Sheykh

occasion,

it

portion

resumed;

It

the

observation

attract

Most

the

accordingly joined

performance

(" God

minutes.

ten

(" O Everlasting 1").

try if

The

recover.

bowing
living 1"),and all of them
This
alternately to the right and left.

in

time,

zikr

second
"

to

14

Id la U

Alldh

Thou

they exclaimed,

D4im!"

hei

for about

of

space

to

(" 0

exclamation,

continued

they

the

!"

AUdhu

"

became

first described, in the

as

"

they

darweeshes,

the

of

seemed

soon

then

slave

midst

performed

exclaiming,

black

he

This

hand.

left

with

bdz," which

;
"

hei

beating,

exclaiming,

him, and

semicircle, then

his

zikr

Allahu

"

"

strap,

in

darweeshes, altogether,standing
of

time,

same

leathern

into

towards

advancing

exclamation,

minutes.

rushed

person

each

bottom,

few

the

fifty

about

were

semicircle, commenced

at

at

short

at

darweeshes,

the

exclaiming,

them

around

Six

yards, from

two

is

and

persons.

them

of

them

for

XXIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODEBN

THE

of

house

has

lately

justly declaring
religion, which
are

unfit

to

be

XXIV.

Chap,

MOOLID

Saadees

by

former

during

biting

and

had

Whenever

strings.
He

pressed

reptile'sback,
the

from
the

head

away.

he

this

the

most

any

age,

having

famous

which

his

collected

kept

it for

of

extracting

he

called

in

the

house, and

minutes

elapsed

after

few

day

the

In

night

help

;
:

they

there

could

to

ceremonies

he

that

basket, and
it

he

then

the

purpose

bit

his

thumb

but

none

to him

obtain

women

that

so

assistance

and

many

his whole

black, and

of

the

Doseh.

The

the

ensuing night,
the

festival.

less merry

Moolid, I went
Here

sixty

he

that

which

again
round

the

died

is

properly

to the

zikr
the

Ghawdzee

on
dered
ren-

to be.

it used

than

performed

were

of

absence

I witnessed

darweeshes

notice

of

worthy

festival

of about

of

venomous

very

who

it out, for

come

swollen

be

the

of

others

however,

to

from

almost

time, and

immediately

were,

of

strength, and

among

take

it

feared
he

before

found

but

with

darweesh

food, to weaken

to

he threw

hours.

other

No

basket

its teeth

then

was

arm

the

for

of his

him

brought

pressed,

(or the Elephant),

serpent of

days without

into

out

had

rear

and

handled

desert, put this reptileinto

in the

put his hand

to

head

the rest

ago,

great

serpent-eater

boy

several

"

form, and

desire

years

the

inches

two

his thumb
:

frenzy.

upon

the

always

few

el-Feel

thumb

was

where

not

are

'*

it

mouthfuls

called

of

silk

serpent,
of

about

point

in

the

live

kind

his

of

ate

point
four

or

muscular

was

had

three

was

and

bulky

kind

the

by Saadees.

even

sect, who

his

he

that

all

it and

made

end
a

their

carried
of

place

by

so

and

lips bored,

flesh of

do

grasped it, at

and

the

Serpents, however,

"

impunity

the

he

as

part between

of which

with

hard

very

in'

the
to

rendered

or

merely

were

rings put
ate

The

string,to prevent

which

Saadee

eaten

country.

lower

silk

aflfected to be, excited

or

was,

silver

two

and

upper

those

this

to

poisonous teeth,

side with

each

on

sometimes

processions
he

their

by having

together

their

of

nnfrequently

not

visit

former

my

deprived

were

harmless
tied

scorpions were

and

Serpents

eaten.

181

EN-NEBEE,

called

principal
The

of

scene

performed by

saree.

the

moon

ring
was

182

MODERN

THE

sufficient, without
darweeshes

who

various
kind

orders

usual

God

("0

this

among

crossing their

breasts

with

crowded
continued
formed

form

of

held

companies
the

of

advancing
whole

the

held

them.

the

the

ring

tents

of the

was

nothing

except

the

the

morning-call

the

Sook
In

tents, "c.,
*

"

Performers

barking,

at

or

to

prayer
ceased

El-Bekree,
the
were

of

if

and

left
the
and

the

each
that

so

Each

it

of

the

spectators

in the Sook

festival
the

three

before

came

saree,

this

zikr

spectators
all

one

but

the

round

those

night

El-Bekree.
or

hearers,

terminated

zikrs, except that

hours

of

the

following day,

this

kind

have

course

back

step,

step,

as

other

about

the

enough, grasped,

near

The

"

the

took

hand

attract

romances.

upon

salute

preceding night

of

the

slowly.

performed

to

of

behind

forward

to

one

several

these

backwards;

extended

still

excessively deep

an

very

hand

but

spectators outside

every

whom,

is

else

reciters

hand

time

I witnessed

cease.

There

night.

zikr

that

in

right

kissed, each

the

!" in

next

of

arm

exclamation

left

most

repetitionof

at

his

his

Whenever

"

the

and

zikkeers

exception

left

the

facing

each

at

out

sometimes

and

his

and

Allah

the

(with

was

Next, they

in

persons

hands

ring

together

more

The

ring revolved, though

zikkeers

outside

or

each

all

little to

six

or

side,

"

and

forwards,

time

in

latter

voice

hoarse

left

exclaimed

They

ring.

his

of the

shoulder

five

their

their

hour.

an

!"

their

The

ground.

half

Allah

Y4

the

of

In

before

clapped

the

of

was

bowed

time

interior

about

group) placing

on

one

The

of

were

*'

first

same

and

sitting on

together,

the

in

foremost

saree

Beiyoomeeyeh.

the

the

heads,

large ring.

the

The

scene.

they performed
of

at

faces.

of

the

up

exclamation,

described

companies

the

in

above

order

their

persons

as

round

the

each

their

before

ring
which

hands

raised

light

performers exclaimed,

at

heads,

to

zikr

the

zikr

!") ; and,

together

the

the

but

then

lamps,

formed

only

of

act

one

the

XXIV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

the

after

kaim,

mid-

sdree,

removed.
zikrs

howling,

of

dervises."

been

called,by

various

travellers,

183

CHAPTER

PUBLIC

PERIODICAL

It

might
in

Egypt,

witnessed

have

and

disuse,

it

were

that

occasions

brated
cele-

the

of

customs

into

falling

year

every

of

accouht

anniversaries

many

are

hitherto,

never,

detailed

other

and

not

Continued,

"

continue

to

festivals

these

on

"c.

FESTIVALS,

unnecessary

seem

periodical public

the

XXV.

been

fully

and

fourteen

and

correctly

described.

During
month

whose

head,

buried.

the

is

and

writing

am

in the
of

the

the

which

have

first

duration
since
written

the

began

edition,observing
Moolid,

discovered,
elsewhere

from

(as I

on

an

have

MS.
now

the

that

the

note, that

the

of

eve

error

it

the

was

year

was

night

done) fifteen,instead

of

of

On

7th.^

not, and

(I

describe,
of the

in this

Moolid

statements

my

one

Wednesday

eve

the

as

upon

the

and

I here

1834), the

inconsistency in

imagined
a

a.d.

grand day

present

which

festival

fixed

been

This

brated
cele-

is the

after

weeks

six

festival.

the

Flight 1250,

having

of this

or

of

there

those

The

that

Moolid

be

to

Moolid

the

mosque
"

Tuesday

of

that

of the

time

always

the

El-Hoseyn,

all

of

Prophet.

is termed

five

about

festival

the

In the

I have

at

month

Moolid,

is

called

concludes

of the

year

of the

that

of

is said

famous

most

the

called

of the birth

mentioned,

is the

properly

generally

in

days

month),

festival

in honour
before

I have

immediately ensuing,
en-Xebee,

of

El-Hasaneyn

which

this is

(the fourth

scene

celebrated

Cairo, except

Moolid

night

is the

Moolid

This
in

of

as

"

et-Tdnee

Hasaneyn

El-Hasaneyn,"

nights

fifteen

of

period

"Eabeea

of

the

of

21st

the
the

respecting
passage
that

; but

I should

fourteen, nights.

184

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

XXV.

"

the

evenings preceding

two

with

lighted

in

customary

like

each

fifteen

candles

many

wax

high,

and

with

of the

the

mosque

latter

following nights by

the

Sheykhs

weeshes

the

higher

by

by

individuals.

wealthy

shops

which

at

morning

two

portico,
of

there

place
*'

Deldil

are

several

(whose

visiters

brings

to

of

exercises

piety, or

this

upon

darweeshes

by

and

the

are

the

another,
about

even

until

near

matting,
the

love

There
the

great dome,

and

are

the

on

floor

the
in

certain
times
Someanother

In

book
the

on

is

of

makra."

to

mosque

part

one

called

Prophet.
reciting

persons

others, performing
these

among

in

others

or

performed

sanctuary.
or

and

listening

from

of

group

the

as

mosque

employed.
blessing

curiosity,or

venerated

is covered

find

Winding

sitting

or

whom

assembly

(which

zikrs.

or

devotional

El-Hoseyn),

prayer

of

"

reading,

invocations

places, we
of

thus

group

well

as

reading, altogether,
is called

groups

similar

other

zikr,

This

those

The

sitting

persons

nights,

or

find, in

and

the

romances.

we

other, and

Kur-dn.

particular forms
a

each

el-Kheyrdt,"
in

of

company

the

find

we

Again,

of

dar-

of

mosque

open

about,

the

on

mosque,

vicinity of

Here

crowded.

facing

rows,

chapters

reciters

the

remain

lounging

singers, and

sold,

are

of

the

in

streets

these

the

governor

orders

the

of

of

quarters,

persons

generally

great

other

the

with

musicians,

each

neighbourhood

in

and

thronged
also

the

those

of

On

the

certain

officers

eatables, sherbet, "c.,

cofiee-shops,in
many

of

some

from

Efendee)

of

the

on

mosque,

night, by

and

six feet

or

is made,

Habeeb

the

lamps,

five

are

of the

second

the

metropolis (at present

of

illumination

(or warden)

on

is
not

are

mentioned,

number

great

This

ndzir

the

before

nights

of which

some

this

and

nights

two

was

mosque

follow.

great

thick.

very

night, by

funds
of

the

is illuminated

mosque

first

of

which

those

these

but

years;

7th, the
is usual

than

lamps

more

other

distinguished
On

few

the

of

eve

for

the

of

saloon

sake

those

are

is

groups
of

other

amusement,

generally
of

is hence

the
called

an

tomb

the

186

THE

the

of

the

more

lights

most

seemed

seen

and

friends,

about

were

was

treated

them

their

begun
have

paid

was

the

admit,

with

shrine.

On

form

the

of the
a

what

had

used

as

given

him

running

from

restored

order

the

from

persons

had

of

some

the
;

who

and

me,

had

but

to

of

Having

the

the

prayers,

saloon

pressing

would

An

with

one

he
the

be

point,

one

of

these
to

the

his

Christian,

one

Muslim

staff in

great

I'). Concluding

asking

officer of

the

crying out,

man

to

told that

to

in

tomb,

contained

Prophet,

reciting
as

to
had

they

the

of

saloon

side.
pre-

had

about.

Infidel

was

offence.

occasioned

Moolid

heard

on

my

first which

part which

but

by

whether

of

was

after

the

to

discovered

been

insult

kubbeh,

he

saunter

were

persons

of

fellow-darweeshes,

Soon

large

as

that

were

one

great portico,I perceived

the

uproar;

of

his

darweeshes

that

of

occurred,

terms

to

("Christian!

visiters

great

the

the

square,

of

Kdfir!"

expected

only

of

from

exception

little distance

one

numbers

"Nasrdnee!
that

of

with

coffee, for which

shrine, and

re-entering

disturbance

of

similar

large assembly

nothing

was

acquaintance,

piaster.

was

din

great number

to rest

with

account

the

zikr, at which

visit, I returned

sitting in

the

down

munshids

in

visit

to

my

which

by

zikr, which

described

got up

at

perform

lamps

confused

there

own

my

sometimes
and

and

the

little afterwards,

indeed

several

and

to

by giving the

pay

loud

than
but

those

great portico,and

I first sat

bookseller,

nights

chandeliers

the
A

of

crowded

than

and

persons

visiters.

seizure

open

more

religious festival.

some

the

among

to

it far

numerous

heard, and

or

suited

Turks,

more

the

an

preceding

kind.

through

yet to be

the

on

common

impudent

so

make

to

as

I found

church

English

resounded

who

than

told, became

was

XXV.

street.

mosque,

scarcely

an

the

as

the

so

were

in

seen

in the

grapes

entering

usual

of

of

received

they

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

and,

patronage

basket

On

before

evening

from

MODERN

words

another
mosque

hand,

expelled both,
disturbance,

the

or

and

stander
bywere

who
came
soon

either, of
coidd

not

CUAP.

XXV.

MOOLID

187

EL-HASANEYN.
"

discover
further

and

questions.

Delail, before
hear

that

impossible

they uttered,

voice, and

After

standing

the

for

returned

for

was

few

their

the

minutes

voices

dered
ren-

words

many

which

zikr

the

to

no

concert,

distinguish

to

me

in

of

confusion

kubbeh

the

of

ask

to

case,

my

loud

very

though

in

prudent,
entrance

mentioned.

them,
it

it

the

By

in

reading,

party

to

thought

first

I had

attended.

Shortly after,
of

of

party

constituted
other

the

of

came

after

take

care

and

me,

of

times

apparently
in

person
crowded

it

thieves

some

almost

It

out

Eefore
should

almost

or

the
Thefts

friend

as

was

having placed
divine
purpose
old

to

take

away

are

pair

hrink

this

put

'

was

of

whom

know

for

made

way

the

me.

of

Northern

their

Seedee

Mohammad

saying,

On
own,

appellation

other

on

he,

I purpose
me

Ibn-

occasions,

"to

pray;

the

perform

to

behind

of my

of whom

derive

said

'Eesdweeyeh,

Arabs

there,"

shoes.*

place

my

darweeshes

meydaah,'

somebody

pair
in the

the

carry

you

in this mosque

and

me,

wudod,"
nice

"

of

had

shoes,

or

Sheykh,

went

that

to

of
of

They

"I

is

mosque

sunset.

class

Egypt.

beside

of shoes

I found

Maghrabees,

are

"

me,

when

Do

"

performances

committed

the

by

'Eesaweeyeh,

thither

after

sometimes

of

ordinance

worn-out

hours

the

to

in

hole

building.*

sacred

near

first

shoes

my

large

the

trousers

my

for, when

around

they

the

felt

I found

most

of their

over

me,

sharp instrument,

taken

latelyexperienced.

stooping

Efendee

"

to

minute,

instantly

of

west

also

are

of mine

had

the

all,

name

this

three

that

out

occasion, it generally happens

?" and

mention

called

some

getting

I describe

zikr,

this

persons

about

and

rose,

pocket

the

to

Afidca, to the

of

immediately

my

even

whom

then

was

from

on

pushing

are

all,

was

despaired

called
yoTi

of

enter

servant,

my

with

the

night, from

of the

afterwards

and

cut

search

as

!" In

purse

performances

bookseller, quitting his

the

imprudently

your

pulled, several
them,

friend

My

whose

attractions

great portico.

tambourines

of the

sounds

darweeshes,

chief

of the

thither.

went

loud

*Eesdweeyeh

one

end

the

heard

to

said

looking round,
which

were

and,

ablution,

perform

to

as

the

himself,
I found

new."

an

188

MODERN

THE

'Eesa/

Maghrabee.

and

anxious
allude

they

found

had

done

about

ring, next

to the

two,

was

rather

more

than

in

tdr

common

which

Before
than

that

other

MowUna
their
of

that

would

the

impress
^

"*

'EesA

and

is not

the

Messiah.

"

Yasooa."

arms

involuntary

him

"

with

is the

uncommon

The

name

round

among

Christians

in the

in

regularity

no

and

up

and

as

speak

the

do'wn

sometimes,
not

were

darweeshes

playing

clad

were

Kur-^n,

Muslims,

Alldh

**

of

and

more

were

buffoon

conduce

wore

and

to

kaftan

its followers, for

they acknowledge
Arabic

the

would

them

by

he

excitejnent,

dancing

One

idea.

that

enthusiastic

another

they

dance;

religious exercise, supposed

these

one

which

used

of

performing

body

jumping

of

that

this

his

the

latter, who

stranger, observing them,

effect

excel

be

to

for

after

kind

was

larger

then, using strange gesticulations

next,

think

in

manner

There

of

crowd

sometimes,

seemed

performing

were

to

the

moving

now,

in short, if

merely striving
and

each

turning

certainly

tambourines,

Lord").

two

tdr

rather

by the

strange

metal

little kettledrum.

or

soon

!'* and

of

the

small

and

Alldh

our

but

his

they

the

is

left

from

of the

space

order;

their

"

was

same

beat

bdz,"

darweeshes,

the

moment,

other,

of them,

One

beating
"

of

form

pieces

latter.

was

the

differing

tinkling

of the

commenced

madman

screaming
be

of

to

("'God

with

to

ring
of

dancing;

next

told

the

exclaiming
"

antics

and

number,

sometimes

hoop

they occupied

begun
in

six

the

this

which

had

were

in

the

varionsly

(or tambourine),

and

width,

exceptions

as

darweeshes

former

the

to

kind

common

in

without

being

"tdr"

told

before.

Each

building.

large

foot

mentioned

persons

together, in

here

was

years

floor,*close
of the

very
I

though

for several

was

what

darweeshes,

front-wall

attached

are

the

the

night,
;

ordinary
extra-

very

these

beating

except

Cairo
of

twenty

dressed, sitting upon

this

disappointed

it in

are

remarkable.

perform,

not

was

not

performances

particularly

should

they

to ; and

that

is

one

that

Their

XXV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

"

Jesus

highly venerate

properly

call

our

Lord

;"

Chap.

XXV.

MOOLID

189

EL-HASANEYN*

sleeves

without
his

which

head,

had

another
the

head

pair

the

waist, wearing

drawers.

middle-aged

The

few

after

man,

minutes,

and

in his
who

ring

placed

was

small

charcoal.

red-hot
seized
then

he

did

until

his

mouth

the

its

full

was

his

of

symptom

pain

more

alluded

to,

as

vigorous form,
After

became

and

seemed

violent

he

the

chafing-dish, took

put
about

released

it

mouth.

and

then

had

lasted

Before

now

coal

exhaled,

resumed
about

this

perform,
became

half

pause,

near

the

prime

and

almost

his

dancing.

When

their

an

hour, the

centre

spectator.

of

They

the

great

had

same

age.

his

him

coals, and
for

open

that

he

heat
out

the

of

coal,

performance
paused

sect

portico.

arranged

his

blown

swallowed

party of the

and

white

and

darweeshes

fine

towards

time

chewed

another

before

held

wide

were

after

former,

live

mouth

sparks

numerous

and

rushing

period, each
of

slightest

of

the

largest

his

which

he

his brethren

the

kept

minutes,

darweesh

than

grasp,

appeared

AfEfer this, he

the

of

of

one

He

in

one

his

during

large

he

when

his

to

the

out

mouth.

minutes

two

inhaled,
and

his

into

biB

these
to

remarkably

another,

operation

other

longer

that
from

himself

but

The

much

mouth

the

evincing

displayed

not

full of

moment,

every

the

this

of

and

three

without

to

by his

put into his

about

before.

naked,

vagant
extra-

just mentioned

wide

very

did

and

deliberately chewed

after

he

half

so

he

for

manner

copper,

another,

appearing, during

danced

having

actions

which,

lively than

it, even

when

spare,

formed

tinned

he

dark,

middle

darweesh

another,

mouth

all this

and

with

same

contents,

swallowed

the

of

the

the

odd

ring

In

tars.

but

were

wild

the

charcoal, which

coals, opening

shew

this

his

from

body

more

towards
the

his

on

week:

naked

was

on

in

chafing-dish

From

of live

piece

live

beating

about

them,

become

gradually

were

of

danced

having

nothing

darweeshes

two

former

actions, rushed

brethren

nothing

These

principal performers.

for

shaved

skull-cap, but

cotton

had

and

girdle ;

been

not

white

loose

of

had

to

without

and

had
Of

to

rest.

begun
these

themselves

in

190

MODERN

THE

the

order

same

who

those

beat

number

twelve:
in

dressed
from

took

been

it had

dish

it

for

so

short

and, keeping his

minutes,

like

of

ring

my

feet.

not

the
I

the

see

chewed

there

fire.

as

of

man

of the

for

other

One

above
or

the

one

mouth,

he

by the

same

8vo.

The

two

inside

sparks,

the

as

of

the

joined

coal, he
almost

close

pain.

After

for

rest

to

of

to

could

stopped

citement.
ex-

but

countenance

and

notice,

about
and

as

then

from

the

to

another

would

he

his

of

arm,

the

Richardson,

his
and

run

to

become

to the

up

the

blood

arches

sixteen

feet

along them,
in

finger, wetted

cause

long

to flow

Ms
and

blood.

described

surpassed

are

of

one

celebrated

appeared

which

mosque

was

across

would

with

in the

ago,

spring

to

and
and

then,

he

as

Es-Selawee,

glass, and

extend

mosque,

stanch

to hare

and

used

which

pavement;

means

edition),appear

that

wood,

strike

performances

of ^e

years

Often, when

of the

columns

few

glass

eat

Mohammad

lamp-lighter

was

eaters

it is said
of

'Eesd-weeyeh

hagg

died

who

of the

the

the

of them,

rafters,

or

the

appearance

sat

worthy

tongue
than

more

suffering any

see

occasion,

performances.

more

from

to

gigantic stature, who

highly excited,
bars,

and

darweeshes

more

this

on

famous

most

less

large

extraordinary performances

parties of

Hasaneyn,

the

his

dancers

his

out

swallowed

of

head,

mosque.

Sometimes,
well

with

his

man,

the

quitted

these

nothing

was

but

tall

teeth, and

shewing

breathing

and

indication

least

it upon

and

watched

narrowly

hour, both

an

were

the

his

for, I think,

tambourine-players

witnessed

I had

done

it between

exhaled,

and

here

sweetmeats,

or

drew

open

furnace,

Having
the

wide

had

darweesh

former

then

inhaled

cakes

same

shaven

to

by

the

bare

handed

placed

time

mouth

violently

mouth

of his

coal

them,

with

was

of

about

dancers

of

and

chafing-dish,which

of

the

One

gown,

piece of brilliantly hot

kept

but

XXV.

ring composed

consisted

less.

woollen

The

party.

company

sometimes

the

though

as

other

dark

former

tambourines

the

in the

as

about

the

as

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

those

in
of the

Evelyn's Memoirs
darweeshes

(pp. 375-6,

faexe mentioned.

Chap.

XXV.

The

Many

it

and

there.

On

to

off for

me

doing

of

the

meh

"), on

my

this

is

the

mentioned,

pious

which

Vast

this

day,

desirous

the

of

both

little

pass.

shops
This

were

another
it

each

finished, I
the

as

received

formed,
per-

relieving

was

name,

removed,

of

and

author

candle,

wax

ensuing

the

it

lamps

of the

were

mosque
was

very

those

who

were

disliked

the

following day,

evening,

the

densely crowded

in

in these

streets, and

and,

parts

some

many

open.
was

also

night

the
"

That

is,

the

of
"

our

Moolid

lord.*'

of

the

or

in

streets

difficult

hung

were

the mosque

to

visit, and

the

confusion

and

of the

sunset,

chiefly

resorted

persons

women

few, upon
the Kur-an, seated

except

recite

to

blessing by

In

Moolid.

Numerous

have

would

following

then

As

therefore

was

next

Oriental

were

numbers

obtaining

after

"khat-

festival, by

it

After

performers

mats

men

neighbourhood

reci

piaster each.

greater crowding
of the

book,

of this

It

hours.

of fikees, employed

groups

themselves.

day

the

Monday

Un

of

previous

my

perform

orders,

evening

assumed

sake

seyyidna *-l-Hoseyn.

the book, and

The

for the

whole

objected.

nine

my

work.

bread, and

some

by

of

zikr, wishing

to

occasions

and

about

occupied

was

of this

eight

officious

my

obtained

the

middle

had

if I

afternoon

the

and

at

fikees

of

sake

on

higher

four

mean,

reciting a portion of
it

formances
per-

I observed

this, that

having
to

the

for

done,

suspicion

him

still

(I

part,

the

of

in

fikee

the

than

that

nothing

(or perhaps

without

Kur-dn

commonly

excited

fewer

presided

Muslim

permission, openly proposed

persons

the

on

committed

are

witnessing
no

were

again

pious

good work),

tation

after

was

it

bookseller, who

the

pass

thefts

found

there

unless

entertaining,

friend

'Eesdweeyeh,

following night

the

all

at

house

my

night.

sleeping

mosque,

that

all

clothing.

my

On

to

continued

are

the

in

happens

return

my

festival,

night

often

of the
on

the

pass

persons

matting

lice

this

zikrs, during

1 91

EL-HASANEYN.

MOOLID

famous

to

192

THE

Sultin
believed

have

to

to have

worn

drawing

(or

of the

main

the

On

prince.

others

(seeingthat
the

of

threshold
surmounted

by

head

the

large

candles

wax

They
the

courses

in

Cairo.

number

same

maksoorah

occupied by
sent

as

who,

being

be

thus

welee,

encased

with

is

is

to

for

ment,
monu-

are

pillars.

stripes,like

walls

of

most

originally,

were,

the

head
to

seems

of

have

without

King,

to

the
the

been

candles, it is said,
Frank

At

four

are

stone

red

exterior

which

hall,

square

all of which

at

the

railing.

topped

are

or,

pay

shoes

oblong

an

was

kirbeh

wooden

gunpowder,

plaster :

off at

the

this

them

took

horizontal,

discovered,

for

but

round-

by

high

my

foot, three

These
or

much

tomb,

or

the

the

(or maksoorah)

in

was

are

the

of

centre

space

Pope,

in

these

sitting with

This

there

as

foot.

filled

were

of

with

probably

foot

the

lamps.

building

by

stone

There

present, by

they

that

at

one

the

broad,

is

many

ibreek

tomb.

the

at

of

for there

the

resemble

the

at

same),

enclosure

and

with

soliciting me

an

the

surrounded

with

alternate

mosques

the

railed
;

coloured

are

of

In

plaster,and

in

encased

contents

of

grave,

this

of

sakkas,

dome.

of the

entertain

door

and

did

saloon

the

over

the

part

mosque

each

Cairo

of

own

is in the

Es-Saleh

of

tomb

his

the

persons

I entered

of Es-Saleh.

sake

on

the

distribute

to

more

people

hemalees

by

in

by

without

wares),

copper

from

and

approaching

for

decay, notwithstanding

to

the

my

surrounded

to

falling

which

veneration

or

and

mosque

and

neglected,

open

four

or

"),

mosque,

illuminated

was

were

of

far

city, not

market

three

The

master.

the

of the

sellers

ignorant,

subsistence

(" khoos

his

XXV.

commonly

the

by

his

earned

adjoins

the

of

shops

of

group

them

market

is said,

is

public treasury

which

tomb,

This

of

the

who

Eiyoob,

palm-leaves

from

street

Hasaneyn.

to have

"fec.,of

His

use.

of

welee, and

and

money

any

Nahhdseen

dilk,

baskets,

making

Most

been

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

Es-Sdleh," of the house

"

private

MODERN

were

Es-Sdleh,

inspecting them,
and

ordered

according

to

them
another

account, they

were

sent

as

present for the tomb,

some

years

194
The

number

alms

for

of

the

siltingfor
main

1"

the

sustain

Turks

thee

day for visiting the

is

of

most

day,

or

on

the

of

account

the

the

I entered

the

kubbeh

way

made

for

find

servant

of

maksoorah

'Ashoora;

of

occasion

the

which

than

and

*'

I have

recited

third,

most

of

the

Turks

others

followed

for

street:

deliver

nothing

had

the

to

breathless

done

by
the

dictated

said,

given

whom

to

customary.

from

their

shop

crowding

and

in

invited

was

opposite

jostling.

that

day.

The

In

the

my
to

the

into

the

pocket,
seat

self
myto

mosque,

mosque

confusion,

due

was

and

I had

:"

now

saw

mosque,

all that

away

nothing

the

in

crowd

:"

Agha

maksoorah

prefer another

to

plicants
ap-

prayer

thee,

the

of

beggars.

those
the

but

this

was

for

servant

reason

of

remark

of Yd-Seen

common

mastabah

myself

had

the

little balls

the

present (a piaster) : another

am

of

was

who

day

of

bread

of

almost

was

the

on

as

the

of

door

the

sooner

shrine.

the

to

the

recitals
of

them,

surprised

was

easily

no

man

were

good

than

more

on

and

on

I, however,

deterred

that

handful

chapter

through

me

day

before

last,

the

this

same

But

his

the

had

till I

Efendee,

the

me

The

importunate

more

and

"

the

formed.

for

me

me

preceding

the
but

me

grandson.

his

to
on

consisting of fourteen

squeezed

asked

me

placed

that

ensuing

the

festival

advance

to

me

to

for presents.
to

visits

sunset,

in

grand

it is believed

reason

very

the

was

day and

on

little before

.gave

is

the

of

for the

dictated

it

was

This

pious

almost

and

congregated

be

to

all this

crowding

mosque

seyyid El-Bedawee
into

there

inhabitants

streets

El-Hoseyn

of

excessive

this

to

the

appeared

days

on

went

all the

great people prefer going

of

any

Almost

help

God

*'

the

in

shop

saying,

in

followers'

his

at

with

Hasaneyn.

shrine

present

night, witnessing
Yet

the

of

surprising

was

afternoon

be

to

here

residing

Prophet

the

!" "c.

seemed

neighbourhood

the

in

quite wearied

was

day, imploring

this

streets

seyyidna-1-Hoseyn,"

"

hour

an

metropolis

all the

the

God

"

of

about

street, I

thee
of

sake

the

in

beggars

XXV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

and

I
swarms

saw

Chap.

of

XXV.

MOOLID

beggars

mosque

men,

still

was

performed

were

of

the

then

and

crowded

more

the

crowded

there

Kur-dn,

illuminations

Gohargeeyeh
mad'nehs

or

than

ever,

were

fikees

whole

very

the

and

sold

The

recitations

streets

midnight

curtained

with

in

and

illuminated.

which

at

The

over.

also

those

and

The

illuminated

was

were

appearance.

were

ceremonies

no

after

the

evening

shrine,

gay

and

besides

were
or

the

long

mosques

open

(two

of

Musicians,

the

and

zikrs.

till

them

larger

sherbet,

coffee, and

the

three

two

In
;

visiting

chandeliers,

of

the

shops

seated

excess

(or jewellers* bdzdr)

of

Many

to

but

gave

profusion

great

children.

and

women,

195

ZEYNEB.

ES-SEYYIDEH

eatables,
them

of

some

were

together) reciting khatmehs

more

Kur-fo).

There

Singers, in

various

middle

Kegeb

(or

Sha'ers, Mohaddits,

were

places, as

former

the

on

nights.
In

about

the

celebrated
the

of

the

Moolid

the

on

The

Tuesday.

or

the

of

handsome

building,
The

metropolis.'
bronze

by

of

El-Hoseyn,

occasion

of

perform

their

to

About

arrive
*

visit

in

This

French,

this

by

the

south-western

tomb,

visiters

last

the

it, on

time,

round

the

Turkish

or

this

the

but

is

not

very
of

an

oblong

to

of

their

on

way

to

the
the
and

pray

I have

monument.

pilgrims,on

those

to

apartment,

great day of the

the

surrounded

and

admitted,

are

lieved
be-

commonly

lofty apartment

Into

dome.

Moolid,
circuits

but

small

last,

hood
neighbour-

similar

canopy,

generally

quarter

silk,

wooden

is

which

over

Prophet
is the

is the

seyyideh

embroidered

with
in

is

festivities

is

daughter

the

principal day

the

the

with

screen,

crowned

mosque,

in

the

festival

gaudily-ornamented,

supposed

covered

monument,

been

in which

of

The

the

the

of

buried;

be

to

before

month)

seventh

(the

grand- daughter

scene

mosque

Wednesday.

weeks

two

commences

"

seyyideh Zeyneb,"

"

and

of

eve

"

of the

*Alee,

Imdm

always

of

just

festival.

Mekkeh,

begin

In

to

Egypt.
mosque

and

was

completed

commenced
soon

after

shortly before
they

had

the

quitted

the

invasion

of

country.

Egypt by

tlie

196

street

MODEBN

THE

the

near

the

after

Fdt'hah,

The

door

of

told

that

only

in

the

the

the

circuit

three

of the

apartment,

as

cried
of

out

in

God

seyyideh

cenotaphs

thee

the

On

going
and

for

the

to

give

maksoorah

also to the
or

sakkas.

in

the

The

evenings

The

of

night

Ma

"

Allah

"

loungers
them

faddahs
a

to

mosque

and

orders
the

of

ya

juballighak

tombs

or

to

be

of

Imam."

It is
servants

more

chapter

of the

one

seen

distribute

to

or

evening

the

number

the

in
of

to

out
throughto

by

one

and

hemalees

the
the

mosque

festival,

repaired thither.

twenty -seventh

or
Leylet el-Meard.g,*'

tezukk'neesh

of

prayer

the

were

performed

Each

Kur-an

sitting on

fikee, to recite

ceremonies

more

the

money

daughter

to

of

eve

*'

the

zikrs.
or

of the

anniversary

and

in the

were

or

"

few

chief

one

give

there

the

removed

were

importuned

was

to

of

beggars

darweeshes

only

sakkas
sake

idle

coarseness

of

paupers

mats

place,

persons

to

spectable-look
re-

special petition

some

blind

of

it rather

chapter
visiters

have

The

out, I

the

customary
of

!"* for the

group

and

with

Many

walls

the

crowded

proposal with

generally
a

mosque,

hemalees
water

desire

thy

was

the

urging

such
her

recite

space

and

rendered

females.*
to

soliciting alms.

floor, and

there.

saints

of

There

offer.

them

employ

in
for

room

Arab

to

which

state

of

crowding

accomplish.

to

garded
re-

myself

narrow

very

enclosure

present

make

to

common

give

be

to

me

to

me

the

for
"

to

language

begged

her

for

difficult

being

it

the

to

been

I had

I contented

owing
but

I received

but

enter,

so

bronze

rather

was

woman,

dangerous

which,

the

of

to

sions,
occa-

El-Bedawee.

seyyid

open

hareem

being

there

sides

between

was

allowed

were

and

visiters,

of the

bread

such

on

; and

me

and

swings

usual
to

Aboo-Zeyd,

of

few

prayer

enclosure

light

the

and

dictated

of the

women

same

making

the

was

sacred

Reciters

Dancers,

mosque,

little balls

of the

with

the

In

whirligigs.

several

saw

and

Kureyddtees,

Hawees,

two

mosque

XXV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

seedee
maksoodak.

batnee

of
the

melyan.

Regeb
night

is the
of

the

Chap.

XXV.

FESTIVAL

Prophet's

miraculous

of which
suburb
For

of

days

numerous

and

the

in

zikrs

addition

to

the

Eeciters

of

Aboo-Zeyd, "c., as

witness

on

this

called

the

of the

Moolid

rather

wide

the

of

occasion

of

mosque

the
saint
the

day

of

chief

the

festival.

of

day

The

spectators.

Saadeeyeh

this

of

duty

at

the

to

train

of
the

with

spot

his

which

of

scene

little

extends

have

drums

who

believed

is
had

the

along

front

on

the

the

and

took

foot

of

place

my
the

front

on

of

able
usual
the

of
in

rode

use.

the

be

mosque

by

cession
pro-

long

and

banners,

often

they

its

of

to

preceded

and

of

one

he

their

last

fulfil his

mosque

with

midday,

in

Sheykh

to

in

Doseh,

which

been

just
the

the

short, but

the

is

Friday,

that

darweeshes,

little after

From

noon.

public
account

my

mentioned,

which

preaching

and.

In

Et-Tashtooshee,

miracle)

reputed

praying

Hasaneyn,

person

house.

performance

in

above

this

festivals, the

performed

called

being

day

(the only

perform

to

is

in

by Hdwees,

streets

in

month,

twenty-sixth

his

described

suburb

him

extraordinary

This

of

street

in

in the

entertains

to

there

I have

en-Nebee.

El-'Adawee.

El-Bekree

similar

on

that

Doseh,** which

"

B^b

belonging

afforded

amusement

tion
commemora-

part of the northern

called

performed

are

:* in

Sheykh

house

in

gate

the

before,

persons

heaven

to

is celebrated

Cairo, outside

197

MEARAg,

THE

ascension

festival

three

quarter

OF

some

this

was

at

mastabah

the

mosque

of Et-Tashtooshee.
"

"

"

sitting here,

While
the

hither,
few

and,

seeing

me,

away

the

time

Doseh, he
^

He

ascended
and

feed

piasters to

to

pretended
from
have

and

to

to

have

Jerusalem

returned

to

me

sat

been
to

few

which

during

related

this

down

by
had

we

tale

from

there

to

in

one

night.

brought
of

me

me

occasion, passed by,

side.

my
to

Mekkeh
have

observing

begged

ago,

connected

transported
Heaven,

Mekkeh,

days

on

fakeers

some

came

curiosity that

same

reputed saint, who,

with

myself

amusing

by the

attracted

crowds

and

wait
with

to

held

To

pass
the

before
the

cause

Jerusalem,
converse

to

with

of

haX'^e

God,

198

XXV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODEBN

THE
.

festivities

the

by night,

by the beast
the

Seventh

and

found

day

with

in

what

do

The

his

in

the

tank

magnificent

beauty, with
three

from

happened-

incredulity
in

belief

the

the

on

the

the

Hence,

The

subject of the

festival

of

neighbourhood
buried,

Not

and

darweeshes,

(but
the

the

at

as

word

"

it
as

Allah

carrying

with

some

tale

number
them

over

the

applies

to

black
the

triflingdifferences.

They
of
several

flags

Ehaleefeh

his

Muslim.
in

time.
hour

an

Sheykh

laid

were

the

in

and

own

hundred
in

down

same

manner

the

incessantly repeated

beating their
the

El-Hakim.

order
I

with

most

have

es-

chiefly his

darweeshes,

of

his

declared

than

them),

had
of

now,

the

more

possible together,

as

what

same

persons,

count

en-Kebee.

!"

some

to

the

of

procession

tank,

celebrated

finished,

was

foremost

impossible

Moolid

off",
ran

This

The

close

shoes

the

at

the

to

Et-Tashtooshee

in which

apparently considerably

I found

street,

midday,

arrived.

tale

above

of

always

is celebrated

or

birth

to

orthodox

great

He,

; gave

an

is

mosque

of

him,

to

himself

woman

he

became

saint

found

Wezeer

accepted.
the

Meardg,

Meardg

the

his.Moolid

after

Saadeeyeh

the

of

long after the

quarter

and

him
should

was

returned

reminding

saint

miracle,

king

the

came

attraction.

then

it, informed

him.

to

into

of

son

one

with

by

and

so;

female

children, successively ; and

and, emerging

is

did

every

the

to

ordered

converted

palace,and

chess

at

if overcome,

proposal

was

He

water.

married

The

to

Mekkeh,

and

play

to

Sultdn,

and

angel

Et-Tashtooshee

allowed

order.

the

playing

was

his

Jerusalem

to

with

be

to

of

out

got

Jerusalem

saint

the

that

long hair, and

she, was

now

thence
to

be

to

game,

of

Mekkeh

the

when

should

lost

from

He

warm.

asked

saint

have

returned

condition,

Sultdn

in

Wezeer,
and

the

plunge

still

asserting it

Mearag,

ascended

have

said, had

he

Sultdn/

could

carried

and

his bed

the

Prophet

been

Heaven,

this

making

have

Burdk,

him,

to

the

that

impossible

certain

day.
story of

the

ridiculed

openly
bed

this

of

their

little drums
of

the

Eifd'ees

heard

it related

.Chap.

XXV.

FESTIVAL

(the parent
"

shaleesh

chief

Sheykh,

he

ermine,
a

tKe

on

en-Nebee

is

and

legs, and

heads.

nearly

trod

with

house

the

to

be

appeared

to

be

the

injured by
tears

rolled

m^an

was

coming

Doseh,

voice.

Then

Our

tray

host
with

minced
taheeneh

vinegar,

of

horse,

religious and

his

The

the

and

veted,
cur-

passed

before

over

entered

mentioned,

who

men

ridden

were

laughing

up

and

;
on

Sheykh

but

by excitement,

overcome

hand

his

to

back,

that

he

if

as

fainting

near

and

this

that

possible,however,

and

men,

horse

he

got

or

it is

the

Kur-an,

three

(or
and

the

endeavoured

fried

to

chopped
*

about

of

butter,

from

'

and

Properly, "galeesh,"

oil
then
or

of

placed

has

been

put

upon

"jileesh."

an

down

loud

very
the

second

finished

it.
it

upon

bi-lahm."

seasoned

fikees.

sat

another

'eysh

"

which

onions

half

my

with

fikees

stool, and

dishes

furnished

three

musically

on

three

together, in

chanted

with

sesame

the

Fdt'hah

very

insisted

by, with

room,

upper

brought

large

saint

near

Here

of them

afterwards

the

was

small

recited
one

meat,

friend

my

cushions.

and
and

chapter

to

us

carpet
me,

heads

the

which

pranced

horse, seemed

house, which

his

to

conducted

with

the

with

cause.

the

After

by

horse

his

put

Moolid

the

sometimes

men;

many

melboos,"

face

the

prostrate

led

El-Bekree,
of

of

the

pace.

hurt, and

his

large

came

at

to persons

several

of the

then

large

black, mukleh

the

hard

not

like

with

rode

persons

None

tread

hurt

two

Sheykh

did

down

the

conceal

old

he

though

he

prostrate

and

"

that

over

Once

mosque.

appeared

and,

He

the

top)

almost

upon

high

of

adjoining

the

upon

length,

the

rode
:

in

carrying

Saadeeyeh,

peculiar

while

the

two

light-blue pelisse,lined

or

He

the

on

men

one

turban,

trod

and

over

black,

professions.

they, also,

in

dressed

was

all

on

horse

gray

wore

mumbling

the

brass

same

large, formal

learned

the

of

ornament

the

of

and

feet

twenty

banner

199

ME^^bIg.

THE

Saadees);

(a pole about

flag staff, the

conical

the

of

order

"

OF

This
with

is

some

pressed),
cakes

of

200

leavened

dough,

with

the

three

fikee

came

then

fikees

for

their

joined

and

myself,

waiting

went

upon

Fdt'hah

sat

ns.

the

for
I

away.

fourth
had

host,

and

followed

after

soon

do'wn,

we

After

dinner.

at

us

the

recited

meal

this

To

host

fikees, our

in, and

the

eaten,

baked.

and

XXV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

example.

On

the

after

the

sunset,

preceded

by

number

darweeshes,

this

the

night,

his

to

procession,

in

returns

and

bearing mesh'als,

persons

house

mdd'nehs

the

of

the

in

hours

three

and

two

El-Bekree

Sheykh

numerous

of

During

between

Leylet el-Meardg,

by

Ezbekeeyeh.

larger

are

mosques

illuminated.
On

the

first

second

or

eighth month), generally

the

first

of the

Moolid
the

of

eve

the

the
The
On

Cairo

of

Doseh

before

is

visiters

the
of

of

and

wheat,
to

the

Moolid,

camel-load
sometimes

turn

the

and, according

to

various

good

the

death

Several

events,
of

dome

some

other

of

great
Moolids

and

this

when

there

position

which

evil
man,

follow

is

as

to

ceremony

the

its

of

point,

be

placed, on
five bushels)
The
to

takes, to

plenty

ensuing

mosque

birds.
wind

no

it

such

visiters.

upon

the

for

of

day, Wednesday,

about

(or

the

most

sepulchral
used

south

and

day, the

mosque,

great

great Moolids.

other

during

there

of water,

and

many

last

ardebb

an

attracts

in the

boat, in which

metal

occasion

is said

the

which

the
;

performed

are

Above

fixed

is

numerous

to

chief

or

On

performed.

the

of

on

festivities.

of

sect

those

the

the

on

buried,

scenes

Moolid

last

tract

is

the

of

to

the

most

are

Imam.

founder

similar

desert

the

are

of

The

week.

next

Imdm

belong, his

are

Saturday

the

town,

the

night, zikrs, "c.,

the

where

the

commences.

in the

Kardfeh,

was

festivities

the

the

Imdm

people
the

of

the

be

It ends

"

the

in

Thursday

of

part

this

As

the

that

celebration

the

month,

the

(the

day, unless

former

Esh-Shdfe*ee

metropolis,

southern

of

day

Imdm

"

called

cemetery
of

second

or

the

on

"Shaaban"

in

Wednesday

or

move

boat

it,

foretoken

scarcity,

"c.
that

of

the

Imam

but

those

202
of

group
36th

of

chapter

before

his

the

worshippers

"0

then

thou

and
those

of

seek

who

have

those

who

fear.

unfortunate,

thy

goodness,

allowance
the

directed

to

true)

thy

in

the

of

revealed

Book

by the

God,

the

'

in

which

and

confirmed,

and

what

Thou

God,

The

Enr-an,
that

the

Preserved

had

or

Kur-in,
to the

Mohammad
the

Tablet,

on

which

are

decrees, is here

satne

best

Illiterate*

said

to

commonly

be

"Mother'*)

And

Prophet,
the

understood

am

Book"

the

'

'

know,
;

for

bless,
and

original of

; but

"of

on

the

knowest

written

dispensed

Bountiful.

most

the

"Original" (or, literally,the

Kur-an,

apply

Mohammad,

all God's

and

the

made]

affliction

Thou

and
*

Book.*

is

is

sioned
commis-

Shaab^n

decree

what

and

for, and

saying

is

of

month

whatever

me

Mighty,

most

the

upon

pleaseth,

[which

of

scanty

thy

the

of

Original

determined

from

not,

lord

our

knowledge,
2

the

of

every

know

art

middle

remove

He

revelation

great

very

the

the

of

or

God,

and

thy

(and

what

of

thy

in

provided

tongue

cancel

is

and

of

Trust

thy abode,

in

said

the

by

will

Him

of

night

honoured,

God

'

with

and

hast

Support

cancel, O

me

ficence
Bene-

miserable,

misfortune,

happy,

as

"

Helper

me

Book,'

confirm

Thou

for

good:

Prophet,
confirm

Book,

the

recorded

sustenance,

and

the

the

the

and

of

help, and

have

my

and

Thou,

but

object of

an

Honour,

for

of

misery,

my

of sustenance,

Original

my

in

scanted

or

Thee

Original

'

not

the

follows

as

refuge, and

if Thou

God,

art

and

for

to

recourse

is

deity

no

Thee

to

the

upon

is

prayer

(or

which

words,

more

who

and

Digp.ity

there

Favour,

those

abode,

of

or

other

the

"do'a"

the

recites

The

him.

Gracious,

Lord

who

three,

two,

after

thou

he

same,

one,

repeat

God,

grace,

the

(or

hands

then, raising his

and

"

Ya-Seen

Soorat

"

ordinary supplications,and

the

doing

prayer), repeating
others

Kur-dn)

in

face, as

the

first recites

He

persons.

XXV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

his

the

informed
is God's

prescience.

ch.
ch.

xiii.

v.

xliv.

Night

of

39.
v.

3.

"

el-Kadr,

gloried
effect upon

in his

By

some

which

persons
will

hereafter

as
illiteracy,

his followers

as

these

the

proof
words

words

be

are

supposed

to

mentioned.

of
of

his
our

being inspired :
Saviour

had

it

upon

Cha^.

XXV.

LEYLET

Companions,

and

Famfly

this

repeated

and

the

prayer,

203

ER-ROO-YEH.

them.'*

save

offer

worshippers

having

After

"

up

private

any

supplication.
The
the

night

ninth

called

month

of

several

preceding day,
desert, where

be

cannot

of

The

of

in

been

which

through
used

to

they

has, for the

most

The

pomp.

but

light
the

is

?"

Gentile,"

of

the

Citadel
of

the

seen

who

remarked,
vii. 15.

as

of the

Dr.

one

new

lined

are

the

taken

the

"How
But

slaughtermen^

Muslims)

Sprenger

has

other

several

and

"

persons

or

the

testimony
The

of

of

Illiterate

"

the

order,

religious
is

Koo-yeh
of

by

more

of

mesh*als,

to

the

Sheykh,

(agreeably
properly

of Mohammad.

now

company

letters, having

man

in his Life

There

poor

and

Each

rendered

should

civil

of

this
here

of

horses, handsomely

followed

and

who

streets

spectators.

by bearers

epithet

observed

of the

Court

moon.

led

night

knoweth

the

the

the

infantry.

return;

In

fast.

of

with

place

followed

and

the

seen

Mohtesib,

to the

observation,

Nizdm

their

John

general opinion
"

has

part,

preceding

the

of

late, military display, of

preceded
on

has

tion
expira-

interrupted by companies

return

procession of

them

Jews,

learned

from

pass

of

chiefly composed
soldiers

and

be, in this procession, several

caparisoned

he

fruiterers),with

the

who

the

moon

trades, parties of musicians,

make

Muslim

the

the

at

the

mentioned,

if

of

(millers, bakers,

the

await
to

sent

other

trades

procession

there

and

that

the

on

or,

cloudy sky,

the

obtain

to

commences

proclaiming

day above

fakeers, headed

of

Kddee,

for the

the

into

order

seen,

Muslim,

one

of these

Observation

miles

in

commencement

oil-men, and

of each

soldiers, go

any

the

meat,

members
numiber

of

several

of

Sheykhs
sellers

the

from

fast

been

of

consequence

is sufficient
of

has

moon

evidence

evening

have

new

in

seen

moon,

the

the

the

for

is

commence

the

few

particularly clear,

moon

thirty days

month.
new

new

after

day

next

the

of

sight

to

earlier, during

or

sent

are

abstinence,

of

of

Night

afternoon,

persons

air is

the

the

or

the

In

month

(the

year,) is expected

the

moon].

new

"

Eamaddn

"

Leylet er-Eoo-yeh,"

"

[of the

which

on

with

never

the

be rendered

204

THE

and

few

other

shouting,
the

ye

Prophet

three

On

The

there

arrived

assembled
of

the

there

which

quarters

best

the

has

been

not

fasting !

of

cry

No

this

on

fasting !"

The

"

great part of this night (when

commencing

as

and

smoking,

from
the

on

seem

the

as

their

at

the

of

misery

the

others

perambulate

followers

"

!""-

Fasting
the

of Shaab4n.
a

pass

proclaimed

been

and

drinking
do

The

when

leased
re-

as

mosques,

within
the

formed
in-

are

generally

day's fast.

upon

the

When

month

and

the

of

people

they usually

and

entrances,

others

and

parties, one

illuminated

are

seen

several

eating

as

merry

cession.
pro-

been

into

fast has

in

morrow)

following nights,

hung

are

the

on

or

many

the

close

people

the

of

has

is of the

two

every

soldiers

night,

To-morrow

"

! Bless

Blessing

moon

the

Fasting!

seen

"keers,

interval

an

Khouting,

town,

After

the

Citadel;

Creation!*

by the
No

that

themselves

of the

several

attendants

his

court,

the

to

di"ferent

moon

and

divide

I"

generally

Knee's

returns

of

is

Blessing

peace

information
at

'^

be

Mohtesib

When
has

him

trade, with

some

along,

pass

companies,

minutes.

of

XXV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

members,

they

as

MODERN

and

lamps

galleries

of the

mad'nehs.
In
the

in the

passengers
them

see

now

stick

instead

Eamad4n,

or

in

the

are

in

shops
in

streets,

the-

crowded

Muslims

""

'

^'

The

'

"

Ya

"

Ghadi

1 "s-Salah
"

best

min

sight

the

morose

"

of the

all

in

the

I Salloo

"

Creation

Shaabin.

but

used

while

are

many

they
open.

I 'aleyhini^lam
*

is

an

appellation of

Fitar

Siyam

I Fitar

!"

I"

the

are

Prophet.

of
as

The

generally

breakfast,

night, after

the

The

Muslims.

fasting,are,

'ala-n-Nebee

of

be, of smoking

afternoon,

shops

we

carrying

or

appearance,

the

hand,

some

to

fasting

"

"

kheyri-1-anam I Siyam
shahri

dull
the

in

day-time,

beads

the

of

have
but

I "s-Salah

"

ummata

the

the

sunset,

near

of

times, many
in

pipe

they

as

usual, and

as

very

afraid,

shut

during

speaking,

not

of

other

at

the

until

string

morning,

shops being

much

with

streets

or

now

their

seeing, as

empty-handed,
cane,

Christians

of

!"

they

Chap.

KAMAdAn.

XXV.

affable

unusually

are

of

the

Turks

principal

others,

repair

to

afternoon
these

and

cheerful.

It is the

in

and

the

to

Cairo,

occasions,

to

fashion

general
of

custom

the

many
in

the

and

on

Hasaneyn

and

pray

lounge

Turkish

of

number

of

mosque

Eamadan,

during

205

tradesmen

(called

for sale, in
the
of the meydaah
court
Tohafgeeyeh) expose
for
(or tank
ablution), a variety of articles of taste and
the
It
of
their
is
wants
to
luxury suited
countrymen.
in

common,

reciting

Kur-an

the

beggars
and

at

are

their

the

of the
In

higher

coffee

of

do

and

classes

in

the

higher

is

placed, in

middle

and
the

receives

his

japanned

tray is put

dishes,

visiters,

large

or

classes, the

few

it

upon

and

the

called
such
"nukl");
(which are
walnuts,
(generally toasted), raisins, shelled

figs,shelled

sweet

cakes.

With

6f
and

often

The

pipes

in houses

prayer,
master

also

where

persons

case

of

visiters

which

is

and

such

ready

Immediately

his

in the

house

it is
are

after

or

dry

dates,
kahk,

kullehs
one

or

(or
or

partake

to

unexpectedly

of bread

cake

of

usually

water

usual

to

the

friends

call

after
as

added.

are

provide,

likely to call, several

minutes

four

family

several

dried

several

coming

and

visiters

chanted
of

and

cheese

numerous

pipes.

and

sugar

hazel-nuts

as

"c., and

nuts,

placed

are

made

reed

also

are

of

little fresh

are

sugared

there

beverage, in

the

common

than

more

cups

these

sherbet

of

glass cups)
two

almonds,

house

sunset.

kinds

fruits

dried

supper-traj*"

placed

are

of

persons

of the

different

containing

saucers,

of

before
this

on

persons

master

minutes
;

many

few

secret.

of

the

break

to
are

houses

stool

in which

apartment

it in

the

There

but

the

clamorous

prefer

fast

the

frequented by

pipe.

to

sunset,

and

much

break

general, during Ramadan,

bread

after

of whom

keep the

not

middle

and

time

some

coffee-shopsare

cup

who

poor

for

shops

their

distributing

or

orders, many

lower

fast with

among

and

in

usually importunate

times, the
the

of

tradesmen

see

prayers,

than

more

these

persons

or

to

evening,

Towards

poor.

month,

this

to

evening

sunset,

happen

to

the
be

206

THE

tim

with
say

the

and

smoke

sit

drink

their
to

which

plentiful

they

finished

meal,

this

additional

they

again

consist

of

they

before

rek'ahs

twenty

called

food,

Having
;"

tard^weeh

few

or

prayers

between

repeated

Very

certain

et-tardweeh

"

The
are

they

other

night-prayers,^ and

and

and

("fatoor").

pray.

witr.

the

and

prayers

the

"fec.,

nuts,

slight refreshment,

breakfast
say

usually

few

flesh-meat

of

Bamaddn,

of

prayers

smoke

meal

their

term

this

After

then

they

and, this done, eat

pipes.

sherbet

of

glass

evening-prayers

down

''eshe

each

XXV.

Chap,

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

persons

the
these

say

where
Imam
an
they have
except in the mosque,
than
conform
^th
the lead ; and
they do little more

to

prayers,
take
his

the

affcer

soon

sahoor

the

until

must

be

at

their

and

The

night.

time

minutes

hours

of

Cairo),according

55

to

from

The

Muslims,

breakfast

at

hour

those

chiefly

home

of

coffee-shop,either
to

the

of

one

the

month.

during

the

the
the

house

of

the

of

romances,

many

of

Numerous
of

greater part
"

"

the

short

of the
he

hours

14

generally

in

sake

the

or

Many
the

of

the

and

el-'eshfe."

to

the

of

keeps fast
minutes.
their

of them,

society, or

most

im^ak

prayer

evening,

seen

from

latitude

to

every

in the
of

an

but

visit

musicians, who

are

the

spend

coffee-shops

night,

of

take

they sometimes

passengers

Salat

(in

which

16

friend.

open

whole

is allowed

period

to

orders,
for

or

during

which,

lower

merely
at

time

Eamaddn,

after

reciters

company

of this

the

5 minutes

during

in

two

or

hours

12

minutes

46

before

the

the

sunset,) varies

at

night is long

minutes

Consequently,

day is

every

the

as

being always twenty

daybreak.

hours

remain

Muslim

already stated,

as

11

the

the

illuminated

they

as

open

called

period vrhen

are

during

which

during

(commencing,

eat

long

as

illuminated

are

is the

They

entrances,

remain

is

(which

which

imsak,"

"

larger

meal

recommenced.

mdd'nehs

the

and

the

last

the

prayers
the

of

closed, in Bamad^,

are

mosques

taraweeh

"), or

fast

within

smaller

period

the

until
"

The

motions.

the

listen
tain
enter-

night
streets

shops

Chap.

at

which'

is

thus

sherbet

of

the

custom

and

entertain

their

other

Every
house

of

later

hour

meal.*

first

each

zikr

recite

to

to

or

beats

it
"

deels

They
poor

is

and

the

and

occasion

his

after

which

each

little drum

deity

he

as

Apostle

of God.'

continues,

inquired
each

the

person,

"

"

of

except

It is from

this

'

of the

Described

in the

the

inmates

office that

chapter

on

nights

house).

in the

women,

latter

of

happy

the

music.

which

he

of
same

crier

in

musahhir
times

'

There

the

he

is

same

generally

thee, O

such

previously

house, he greets

manner

is called

the

Guide, is the

Having

each

kan-

palm-sticks.

drum
to

"

two

saith

the

his

hand,

except

drum

Mohammad,

the

and,

three

who

his

again beating

master

names

beats
*

after

"*

doing thiig,the
measure,

or

two

left

Muslim,

prospereth

"

of

last

or

about

his

with

made

every

following

he

adds,

most

the

of

He

then

Then

The

"

(naming

one

:' "

rounds

el-musahhir,

frame

at

"khutt,"

each

boy carrying

of their

the

to

before, and

manner

in

house

chants,

God

but

by

and

sahoor,"

strap, with

or

the

before

(that is, shortly

stick

glass lamps)

stop before
on

his

"tablat

accompanied

(or small

beats

"

small

friends,

them,
"

to

said) ; holding,

"bdz,"or

called

month

Musahhirs,"

cry

the

of

criers

sunset

zikr

their

'*

reward

to

begins

after

been

right hand,

have

is

It

khatmeh.

period

He

wealthy,

this

criers, called

these

of

one

have

drum,

his

or

Night

day.

to

night during

is able
the

little more,

of Cairo

complimentary

who

announce

is

the

of

great part

every

district, of Cairo.

small

no

with

Muslim

night-prayers
in

the

also, occasionally invite

persons,

There

hours,

particularly by

'Ulam"

houses

them

open.

night during Ramaddn,

about,

small

and

the

of

some

in

some

day

sold remain

are

sleep during
of

and

into

whom

performed

eatables

and

turned

most

go

207

BAMAdAn.

XXV.

"

mentioning

Musahhir."

208

THE

MODERN

XXV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

"

brother,

every
master

the

to

chief
he

greeting

his

beats

adds,

[or their]

prayers

concludes

by

in other
who

Guide,

is the

chant,

in

There

stories

of

his

the

after

every

passes

by.

"

'eed

which

reader

my

be

related, of the
character
here

to

sum

throw
fire

of

women

that

the

recites

At

many

often

put

the

paper,

are

two

relates

"

of

wives

house

three,
:

(or the

some

words,
the

mourning
at

the

four

or

phet's
Pro-

similar

few

every

of

then

and

other

and

after

of

house

piasters on
him

give

persons

he

Young

will

coin

he

relates

their
"
"

same

ladies in

amusement

the

man.

occasions

are

as,

of

Some

the

often

in Cairo,

of

grossly
called

having
his

"

or

from
and

paper,

first set
he

then,

accord,

own

short

classes

it falls

quarrels
of

are

Egypt

of

them

to

by what

piece of

where

see

struck

five faddahs,

sometimes

desire, and

for

middle

(of

above

been

illustrating the

as

musahhir

the

may

has

more

into

more,)
to

be

of the

small

and

what

musahhir,

houses

darrahs

the

these

on

the

of

that

Fdt'hah,

rhyme,
story of

drum

"

long

conjures

Prophet,

heaven),

his

first

meardg

"

impressed by

window

by their
the

all

piaster,or

of

sometimes

he

the

the

Eamaddn

Muslims,

it out
to

which

orders, two,

at

office

follows."

the

the

night.

trifle every
If

prospereth

Mohammad,

generally receives,

follows

generous,

ye

(" He

God:

in

rhyme.

middle

He

"),he generally repeats

to

He

works."

good

above

but

story of

beating

[or them]

great (as also sometimes

as

the

greeted

him

you,

blesses

ascension
;

of the

person

'

God

and

the

deity

no

sins, and

miracles

musahhir

of

rhyme

relate

to

rather,

"

preserve

of

Apostle

pardon

to

the

"God
houses

is

miraculous

fasting

each

After

having

accept from

and

unmeasured

proceeds

or,

God

May

"

one."

nights

of

happy

most

after

and

cases),after commencing

saith

God

drum

the

At

The

'*

the

of

daughter

brides,* such

saying,

!""

year

every

last case,

among

(or men),

man

his

lady

unmarried

young

in the

raying,

and

son,

tale, in

measured
un-

for instance,
two

indecent
brides."

who

women

tales

the

which
nature

he
;

210

MODERN

THE

to

those

at

eat

of

each

sahoor

the

both

alike.

few

in

be

the

the

27th

27th

Power,

or

is said

to

be

to

believed
the

to

of the

Divine

have

from

Moreover,

the

held

certain

be

sweet

persons,

not

they

that

the

the

On

days.

Kur-an,

It

is

the

"

el-'Eed

night supposed
See

of his notes

one

it to

be

the

"

of salt water,

one

sweet,

so

the^odd

of

minor

the

of

but

two

of

religion

It

rejoicing.

of the
that

month,

tenth

(the

the

general

97th

nights with

29th.

expiration

on

of

nights

find, however,

by the

is

devout

if it become

or

by Sale, which

ten

vessel

es-Sugheiyir ;"

The

suddenly

some

last

is

prayer

it is said,

Showwdl

with

are

daybreak.

opened,

ordained,

observed

be

"

angels

it until

night.

fixes

Kur-an

the

the

all those

try

of

conveying blessings

the

is celebrated

are

es-Sagheer."^
the

Not

of

days

the

of

(the Night

hence,

them

to

Prophet

which

called

commonly

and
of

of

Eamaddn,)

to

in

water,

21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th,

festivals

el-'Eed

the

first three

Muslims,

24th

which

certain

of

after

next

grand

be

may

tradition

nights

"

Salt

keep before

and

that

night preceding

;" * and

Leylet el-Kadr, observe

is the

nights

It is affirmed

of

night;

knowing

night.

the

night,

being then

they occasionally taste,

that

this

occupied

success.

make

or

to Mohammad.

heaven

this

on

great solemnity,

the

of

On

commencement

of

gates

becomes

which

the

the

make

and

or

el-Kadr"

months

to be

quarter.

days and

(that is, the

down

porter

nights, generally supposed

decree).

and

his

half

ten

call ;

to

reverse

Hasaneyn

Leylet

thousand

descend,

"

sent

than

faithful

Kamadan

called

been

the

XXV.

-the

in

fatoor,

do

these

month

is

to

to

the

day),

better

"

of

their

the

of
of

and

house

spend the last

One

ordered

sleep about

persons

mosque

Seyyideh Zeyneb.

for

others

been

each

at

little

persons

the

has

is answered;

same

Most

pious

of Bamadan

to

he

principal meal

meals

Some

but

eat

persons

the

does

quarter

Some

he

where

until
calling

and

knocking

houses

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

the
is

properly,

more

fast of Ramad^

between

chapter

of the

Festival

of

the

23rd

and

Kur-an.

ibid.

also

Fast) ; and, by

called
the

"

'Eed

Turks,

"

el-Fitr
Ramazin

"

(or the

Beyram."

the

Breaking

of

the

Chap.

i"

XXV.

the

first

THE

occasion
the

day,

the

Khateeb

in

the

mosque,

houses,

generally

visit

the

classes, dress

clothes

only
one

and

from

piasters
house

or

receives

he

also

"kahk"

(or

of twice

"

"

the

the

of

dish

onions,

as

the
one

of

given

days

and

which

those

in

of

this

families, but

relatives.

grand

visiters, or

sometimes

they

sweet

go

to visit.

also

prepare
with
flour

coarse

(" nukl

")^such

shops

in

eatables
gay

some

the
and

appearance,

do

the

on

reehdn

of

the

visit

the

occasion
will

account

servants,

("

all

or

women,

an

their

The

and

holiday-clothes.

festival,

basil

money

meat,

of the

present

festival, of which

The

also

which

at

they

of

fish),and

stewed

chiefly the

This

dish

pancakes),

fruits

their

his

'eed, most

salted

families
of

this

of

(or

dried

the

for

return,

folded

Some

streets

of passengers

most

their

the

but

more

or

hereafter.

tomb

crowds

other

branches,
.the

in

days
"

feseekh

procures

few

master,

of

treacle, vinegar, and

closed, except

sold

of

the

usually

are

are

members

of

the

consisting

of

least

at

former

present

obtains,

bunn).

if it be

rewarded

of

suit

new

receives

manner

(or thin,

of

of

even

congratulate them,

raisins, "c., for his family. Most

sherbet

tombs

"

eat

quantity

metropolis

On

brings

mumezzezeh,"

**

master

nuts,

from

he

"

kind

(a

and

the

and

Cairo

of

fateerehs

"

called

like

On

with

served

is in

more.

or

Some,

and

They

friends, if they visit

have

and

other.

presented

master,

'eed

other's

each

new,

friends, to

if he

the

something
is

the

perform

Friends,

in

or

entirely in

master's

cakes),

value,

"

shureyks

and

sweet

people

kahks,"

sometimes

and

present

of

kiss"each

wears

those

to

ordinance

purpose.

servant

his

of

him,

visits

trouble

The

goes

his

one

every

each

even

this

clothing by

of

and

for

and

street,

themselves

shoes.

article

the

mosques,

their

in

or

new,

the

on

exhortation.

an

embrace

other

almost

pair of

new

and

each

sunneh

in

or

in

in the

sunrise

after

dressed

delivers

and

congratulate

lower

all

rek'ahs,

which,

meeting

Soon

-assemble

men

of two

prayers

after

festival.

people having

best, clothes, the

the

this

of

211

FESTIVAL.

MINOE

carry

be

palm-

"),to lay upon

palm-branch

is broken

212

THE

the

on

these,

pieces,and

several

into

Numerous

tomb.

the

or

of

groups

occasions, bearing palm-branches,

the

in
also

of

neighbourhood

provided, according

distribute

these

the

recite

person

to

the

Kur-dn.

of

several
these

have

rites

tomb

esteemed

houbc

eiicLjsures, and

not

Intrigues

said

are

Bdb

of

north

of the

In

erected,

ground
my

and

account

it is

on

and

of

arriving

of visits

g'"aeral
;

not

tents

and

to

in the

the

next

several

at

the

the

tomb,

tombs

tract
a

and

manner

cenotaphs

latter,particular.

are

on

the

of Cairo.

females

great

scene

from

tery
cemeon

the

on

the
the

whirligigs
of

some

entering
in
In

who

which

and

described
of saints.

such

many

accommodation

swings
in

the

burial-

immediately

city-gate

pronounced

in the

do

too

so

remarkable

many

be

festival, or

The

tombs.

large tents,

should

imtil

tent, pass

cemeteries

with

desert

its name,

peace

have

go

generally

not

of the

public

leaves

or

return

are

for the

the

among

after

usually

not

there

for

uncommon

in the

part

takes

salutation

The

be

do

of

house, by

private, enclosed

of the

whole

the

women

end

houses

metropolis, presents

burial-ground

'

it

with

midst

en-Kasr,

'eeds.

aro

to

in

spend the night

two

few

and

The

it, employ

fragments

the

on

tent

immediately

the

the

of

the

the

of

following Friday

within

females, in the

of the

the

family possessed

with

ground,

of

food,

of

larger portion

conduct), if they
until

are

kahks,

kind

in

or

(but these

remain

it, and

and

tomb

them

or

return

morning,

of

afternoon

of

women

in

of correct

in

the

the

some

women

night

until

the

on

with

afford

can

tomb,

performed,
laid

early

afternoon

the

been

teries
ceme-

They

for them

(or recital

generally

men

palm-bran6h

the

the

The

the

burial-grounds

YA-Seen,

the

at

to

these

on

object of the visit.^

khatmeh

the

to

they

Soorat

performed

fikees.

of the
to

is

Kur-dn)

the

first the
Often

if

or,

way

other

some

is the

F4t*hah,

seen

placed

are

metropolis.

pitched

are

which

the

or

resort

tents

tomb

recite

visiters

who

poor

Sometimes

days.

surrounds

the

to

their

are

circumstances,

Khureyks, fateerehs, bread, dates,

to

only,

women

the

their

to

leaves

on

XXV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

which,

the

Chapter

the

former

burial-

X., in
case
*

Chap.

XXV.

PROCESSION

dancers, reciters
dense

crowd

ground

of the

About

the

to

at

the

be

sewed

approaching
with

covered
which

are

having

great

the

manufactured

the

of

procession
it,

February,
I

expense,

reception

'eed

above

of

the

of

is

where

the

the

The
write

on

lar
simiof

account

from

return

1249

and

with

my

Showwd.1

of

"c.,

colour

following

to

brocade,

Kur-dn,

same

is

the

of

black

coarse,

from

of

in

it

mosqne

side, ornamented

Kisweh

sept

lined, preparatively

passages

gold.'

6th

which

the

to

and

silk

described,

metropolis,

It is of

each

the

it ;

by

an

the

several

of

15th

(or

this

error

shew

to

authority

on

the

of

of

bdzdr

called

Khdn

piece

of

that

which

city, nearly
El-Khaleelee.

friends,before

Muslim
the

Kisweh,

writer

may

any

whom
the

proved

often

casually
truth

consider

of

witli

charged

be

would

person

the

of

shop

the

street

my

in

sunrise,

main

the

to

but, by producing
I state

assertion.

in

entrance

denied

was

after

soon

opposite

committing

in

the

on

the

together,

the

booksellers,

my

burial-

pilgrims, is conveyed

Sultdn*s

across

Bdsha's

This

of

with

neat,

my

mentioned

the

1834).

took

amuse

the

Kaabeh,

of

inscriptions
band

the

of

pilgrimage.

broad

the

caravan

interwoven

witnessing

for

Citadel

inscriptions worked
the

performers,

throughout

after

days

covering

or

from

Hasaneyn,

and

tents

three

or

with

procession

other

and

213

KI8WEH.

tombs.

two

annually

spectators
numerous

Kisweh,"

"

THE

Aboo-Zeyd,

of
seen

are

visiters

the

of

OP

perfectly

convincing.
^

Kaabeh

The

is

building

the

highly respected by
is somewhat

height
a

little more,
black

The
on

is left

Sultan
every

of

without

is also

ascends
year,

cotton

to

covering
day

hung
the

render

thirty

of
with

cut

for

Turkish

of silk is

up,

the

feet ; and

and

space

the

in

it

upon
sold

to

the

fifteen

of

which

of its exposure

prohibited,

to

the

nearly a

the

Kisweh

on

year,
; and

the

Kisweh

to

renew

of

the

its

same,

is taken
the

10th

is put

each

rain, "c.

the

or

exactly equilateral.

pilgrims

new

most

cube,

is about

nor

days:

Mekkeh,
of

form

side

is renewed

It is necessary

of

Temple

each

Festival, the

covering,
throne.

it allowable.

nearly

remained

Great

the

is

the

exactly rectangular,

having

in consequence

entirely composed
"

after

of

centre

It

It is not

Zu-1-Kaadeh,

first

the

Heggeh,
interior

more

covering,

25th

the

Muslims.
than

in width.

the

in

time
the
As

the

Kaabeh

of

use

Zu-lThe

on.

that

outer

ofl

building

new-

covering
of stufl's

is lined

with

214

THE

This

almost

and

old

and

and

age

the

streets

the

occasions

young

hours
of

had

taken

ass,

with

were

of

my

post

the

ropes

blue

they

saw

other

the

on

and

bearing
which

belt

interval

shoulders

when

pieces,which,

band,

continuous

so

brocade

black

well

quarter
where

upper

the

its

went

more

violently slapped

each

by

with

gold.

borders

aside

to

ask

There

One
for
was

Kisweh,

the

(that is,
form

or

other

kind

same

characters
and

at

each

silk, sewed

present from
interval

one

entirely,at

unite, is ornamented
red

four

of

inscriptions in gold

gold

and

an

upon

is in

Kaabeh

The

of

"

Hezdm

is of

men,

wood,

Hezdm

'*

beautiful

border

green

with

spectator.

lower

and

It

itself.
and

of

the

to

the

height.

large

ill-dressed

The

surround

Kisweh

in

manner,

embroidered

little

sake

each

the

of

together

to

as

is surrounded

the

the

for

quarrel, abused

frame

mentioned).

of

worked

tasteful

dressed

as

long

sewed

two-thirds

about

and

where

shop

(or

twenty

quarter

one

above

band

about

came

extended
or

and

words,

gross

their

on
was

sham

dulness

darweeshes,

five faddahs

in

about

face.

this

After

are

present of about

few

the

sitting,and,

persons

neatly
of

to relieve
a

an

fellahs, in

stopped occasionally before

well-dressed

loud

in

nothing

on

nor

interval

an

one

attaclied.

common

then

of

two

where

be

way,

were

passing

farthing), engaged

other

the

but

any

on

each

spot

to

were

in

was

are

pieces placed

they

hour, and

an

who

any

obtaining

than

There

form

the

past

conductors

rank

and

About

which

four

ornamented

shirt.

long pause

borne

which

class

Mahmal.

were

by

their

and

the

the

procession,

they usually

as

portions

of

with

public spectacles; but

four

each

not

buffoons,

two

the

processions of

quarters of

of this

of

the

"

the

every

thronged

so

Kisweh

"

caparisoned
three

much

not

were

usual

of

XXV.

crowded

were

witnessing

Egyptians

sunrise, the

asses

the

of

street

great pleasure in viewing

the

side

desire

the

for

take

after

The

by the

attracted

persons

the

in

shop

eveiy

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODEBN

the

of

some

of

each

end,
in

on,

bearers

and
quently
fre-

respectably-

about

quarter

Chap.

of

XXV.

PKOCESSION

the

three

other

portions

tall

several

came

and

henna,

described

in

upon

each

of these

were

cats.

were

one

These

(or Pioneers), a

instruments

of
and

picked

shoes,

red

new

The

"

fine

camel.

same

in

Kur-dn

frame

It

of

Burko'

silk

and

lining

of

account

deity

no

words

bore

from

the

the

of their

nets, of various

This

it is said

hoops

is often
that

first person

called,by
who

the

is God's
the

Several

the

vulgar,

sent

veil of this

the

"

Shegeret ed-Durr,

were

the

kind

to

veil
wife
cover

which
in

of them

faith

(" There

the

with

upon

sitna

the

door

work
frame-

Some

Fat'meh

theSult"n

Prophet,

darweeshes

fishermen.

of

the

Many

Kddiree

of

my

Meardg),

God,

extended

these

numerous

Apostle "),or
of

names

the

and

described

of the

profession

orders.

pole :

among

of darweeshes.

orders

of the

face

frame,

the

the

highly

more

banners,

of

the

from

by

festival

of

in

followed

have

hung

back

The

the

of

as

colours, each

upon

Faiimeh

their

the

and

Kur-an,

founders

of

with

and

silk.

was

Mohammad

of

with

is

embroidered

green

It

that

the

on

richly

right side

left.

at

with

God

but

all

and

infantry,

inscriptions

more

(such

Doseh

flags, inscribed

bore

and

the

prinpipal

of the

banners

is

the

with

with

the

on

shdleeshes

several

of

(the

band

along, stretched

fixed

brocade,

but

lined

on

of

company

curtain
borne

next

wood,

black

darweeshes,

of

of

gold,

was

upon

bluish-brown,

is the

was

Hezdm,

extended

companies
were

of

letters

was

green

the

as

ornamented,

the

flattish

manner

stockings.

Kaabeh,

was

dark

(or Veil),^which

of the

door

high,

upon

"

of

as

and

military

regiment

of

Mahmal

mostly trumpets,

guard,

dye

such

the

there

red

girls ;
by

good

but

uniforms

with

and

Burko'

the

before

in

men,

young

kinds,

Basha's

the

of

or

was

which

the

return

followed
very

there

saddles,

boys

two

or

were

various

the

of

Baltageeyeh
European),

with

ornamented

account

my

after

diately
imme-

one

Then

hour

an

passed by

along,

borne

slightly stained
high,

having

Hezam

manner.

half

about

the

of

same

215

KISWEH.

then

were

the

camels,

have

some

in

of

interval,

another

THE

first quarter

another,

after

the

the

after

hour

an

OF

;"

because

Es-Saleh,
of the

of

Kaabeh.

was

216

THE

XXV.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODEKN

"

darweeshes

the

zikr, the

mounted

other,

One

on

sheep-skins, and

wore

beard, composed

of

wool, with

of

he

short

formed

occasionally pretended

decisions),upon
with

piece

of stick, which

for ink
for

intended

the

But

goad.

sect

of the

Rifa'ees, called

in his hand

an

of the

metal

and

same

short

iron

thrust

in appearance,

sefemed
was

enter

to

weU

very

and

power.

suspicion

no

of

any

fraud

superior information,
a

clever

very

the

piece

procession

followed

the

account

of

its return

"

eyes,

injury

it

trick
of

pipeful

to

recompense

his

pretended

seemed

to

tain
enter-

singular perform?^nce
a

me,

Most

of the

sheykb,

of

man

opinion

my

their

their

This

even

me

ball

darweeshes,

of

of

by

sat

deception.

Mahmal,"

for the

Kisweh

procession
weeks

near

bore

of small

inch.
or

the

that

very

it

darweeshes

was

in

horseback,

on

them.
came

great

mark
an

this

of

with

into

sufficient

expressing

Eifd'ees

were

Next

of the

of

for

of these

any

in this
who

one

in

number

display

spectators

by

group

were

of whom

violence

this

it

length,

faddahs,

The

reproached

was

Five

for

in

stitute
sub-

though

each

about

considered

religious juggler

miraculous

of

with

darweeshes

Several

shewing
depth

be

to

foot

with

spike

performed.

tc^bacco, seemed
the

the

the

to

charge

end, having
it.

to

it, without

withdrew

and

attached

chains

to

as

feathers

by spectators,

remarkable

false

(or judicial

him

OwlM-'Ilw4n,

the thick

at

"

to

of several

spike, about

brown

fetwas

his horse

most

part of the procession consisted

in

twist, apparently

long
"

feigned

it to

combat.

mock

grotesque

or

given

he

by applying

cord

write

paper

with

armed

and

cap,

of two

to

of

scraps

in

common

fantasticallydressed

was

pieces of

mustaches

in

as

men,

other

skin

high

Two

each

horse,

repeating,

of God.

epithets

shields, engaged

and

swords

and

name

in.

employed

were

of

caravan

after.

the
of

to

I have

It

is added

Cairo.

sake

Mahmal

of

takes

black

the

increasing

previous

pilgrims

Another

which

to

place

described
to

the

show

in

procession
:

the

the

departure

between

two

covering,

of

an

my

and

oblong

grand
of

the

three

form,

218

halt.

Then

followed

of banditti.
several

came

pair of the

attached

large,

the

to

followed

the

of

account

those

of

them

had

number

the

upon

with

decorated
above

alluded

to

some,

again,

bore

"

khazneh,"

the

(or
the

small

in

flags,
had

several

case,

defraying

Chief
his

the

one

those

expenses

others

each

the

baggage

the

pilgrimage
of the

Emeer

borne

followed,

this, there

After

side

with

provisions, "c.,

and

those

as

on

right
upwere

cloth, containing
of

then

of

fixed

laden

red

The

Pilgrims)

hung

was

with

furniture

Some

manner

bell

covered

Kisweh."

"

new

and

government.
of

same

large

water-skins

the

aU

were

henna.

plumes

in

riders,

palm-branches

fresh, green

with

described

camels

with

orange-red

enormous

the

With

camels.

These

saddles, like

square

fall upon

el-Hdgg

of

for

treasure

which

dingy

beating

without

Mahmal,

mentioned.

above

slightly tinged

the

of

return

hour,

an

camels,

those

as

men,

nakk^rahs/

Other

kind

Turkisli

appearance

called

saddle.

same

each

each

and

camels,

part of the

fore

after

half

about

kettle-drums,

copper,

the

altogether

on

saddles, of the

large, stuffed
my

mounted

men

XXV.

hundred

five

of

Chap.

irregular

of

interval

an

caravan

about

having

after

Next,

the

companies

Tnfekjees),

clad, and

shabbily

most

of

departure
two

and

cavalry (Delees

the

firing signals for

of

EGYPTIANS.

MODEBN

THE

by
veyed
con-

was

another

was

interval.
The

next

their

moving

God

!"

safety !"

"

Then,

palm-branches,
Next,
*

These

"

objects of
"

"

"

is

side, and

to

of

some

! God

and

others,

the

[May

the

name

of

the

crying

the

several

with

chapter

the

repeating

them

"

journey
camels

large bells,

takht'raw^n

in the

darweeshes,

camel-drivers,

numerous

again, followed

described

are

'Arafat

God

"

side

several

procession were

were

others

and

from

these

and

sweepers,

heads

With

of God.

in the

persons

;
as

(or litter) of

name

sakkas,
'Arafdt
with

be]

with

some,

before
the

ya-llah!"

music.

on

mountain

scribed.
de-

Emeer

which

is

one

of

the

principal

pilgrimage.

'Arafat

!*

"

Allah

! Allah

! Bi-s-selameh

!"

Chap.

XXV.

PROCESSION

el-Hagg,
camels

covered
tbe

number

Hagg"

with

small

several

before.

household,

the

of

well

silver-headed

Delees,

his

the

household,

inferior
of

the

These

court,

Next

having

each

engaged

from
a

of

company

shouts

heard

and

camel

mentioned

others

body

Kext

of

attendants

of

the

el-Hdgg,"

on

shouting

the

"

Several

followed
mentioned

"

Imams

next,
in

Kddireeyeh

various-coloured

of

with
my

in

muneration
re-

there

the

the

of

tall

account

of

having also,
long

darweeshes,
banners

the
in

office

midst
;

of

one

of

as

these

to

each

orders,
the

the

their

many

of

different

flags

palm-sticks,

the

of

numerous

others

sects

to

and

(or preacher)

the

procession
addition

himself,

'abdyehs (or

The

and

chief

then, the

:
"

white

of

regular

horsemen,

sakkas, and
In

were

(or

intervened

orthodox

four

fifes

Emeer

"

Khateeb

the

before.

the

nets,

and

and

"

officers

gold.

sweepers,

companies

each

preceded

or

Wdlee

"

Maghrabee

of

again

those

as

the

Mountain,

words

of camel-drivers,

them

of

Nizam,

his

of

with

Then

'Arafat.

Mount

sect.

the

the

of

repeat certain

is to

rode

"

cloaks), interwoven

groups
of

(or clerks),a troop

Muballighs

woollen
last

Emeer

the

the

followed
several

"

gold.

and

and

drums

of

police),with

three

of

waist,

an

officers

cloth

-drivers, and

of

kdtibs

of
of

other

These

magistrate
three

the

of

members

spectators.

considerable

"

chief

repeated.

were

by.

other

of

persons

of

as

Bdsha's

the

occasionally received

sounds

troops, marched

next

they frequently stopped,

interval, the

short

the

of

some

of

the

to

sport, and

darweeshes,

before

After

in

other

body

kaftdns

naked

shield

others,

by several

in

swordsmen,

and

the

first, but

el-

and

guns

followed

were

small, round

the

foot, dressed

on

two

came

like

with

it;

number

another

and

mounted

order.

mounted

two

Deleel

"

of

members

sticks, and

officers

the

and

of darweeshes

fifty

by

decorated

followed

Caravan),

and

dressed

along

saddle

Arabs,

about

officers, with
with

had

groups

followed

borne

was

Some

219

MAHMAL.

oloth,

flags.

camels, and

Then

THE

of which

(or Guide

came

red

foremost
of

OP

kind

Kisweh

poles

with

fishing-rods.

220

THE

Kettle
of

of

each

these

followed

were

headed

of

Many
kissed
from
shawls

sheykh,

I have

seated

former

much

every

way,

with

be

on

two

the

north

of

city, and
is

place
Showwdl.

very

few

journey,
morning
used
return

of

there

verdant

lies

this

on

times

of

dresses,
in

and,
It

used

darweeshes,

thence
to

Most

the

the

Birket

miles

from

haltingI'he

pilgrims.

of

twenty-seventh

occupies thirty-seven
and

sandy
the
and

slowly,
sunset,
The

described
of

to

Hasweh,

latter

the

diminish

before

of the

eleven
This

Mekkeh

To

have

plain

about

on

rocky

"fec.,generally

proceed

of

sunrise.

after

caravan.

then

rendezvous

over

hours

two

little

the

the

Saadeeyeh

the

days.

travels

by the pilgrims
of

return

half-naked

armour,

Emeer,

two

spots.

caravan

in

Pilgrims),

the

journey

route

starting about

the

magnificence.

the

of

metropolis

general

the

same

its

on

richest

and

of

sacred

head.

their

in

arms

group

the

be*conveyed,

to

in

their

down

the

particularly in

days

more

or

the

The
The

days.

rolling his

other
a

it

Kisweh

of the

spectacle

was

following

as

it clad

by

the

Mahmal

used

each

usually departs

caravan

them

baggage

remain

the

with

splendid

the

el-Hdgg (or Lake

the

touch

they

so,

serpents.
three

or

to

pomp,

preceded

Mahmal,

remain

let

the

attended

vying
live

devouring
The

who

most

generally to

houses

Mahmal

towards

done

having

the

and

more

their

displaying

body

Mahmal."

*'

of

order

camel,

the

then,

witnessed

behind

the

years,

Memlooks,

They

each

who

procession

on

with

occasion,

trades

which,

women

described

in the

and

music.

pressed violently

streets

windows

Immediately

Cairo,

the

of the

whom

person

In

many

and

hands,

head-veils, in

or

object.

to

their

latticed

the

the

it with

and

camels
in

people

it, to touch

head

Sheykh.
several

the

XXV.

the

at

harsh

various

of

members

by

came

instruments,

companies, produced

by their

Next

other

and

hautboys,

drums,

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

the

hardships
mostly

litters
the

Turkish

of

the

by night

halting

and

in

deserts, with

most
account

the

next

generally
of

pilgrims,

the
and

Chap.

XXV.

THE

and

the

Eed

two

and

three

On

the

year)

the

festival

and

sums)

to

sacrifice

day

of

third

this

placed
the

in

fried

call
*

by

small

with

over

and

meat,

Thus

is

"

meat

as

do

For

and

to

is

In

who

have

which

most

previous
are

Another
the

tombs,
of

account

cut

with

to

paeans

boiled

into

butter', and

the

do

so

pieces,
broth

little

then

On

mutton,

small

poured

is

more

Festival.

with

flavoured

of melted

the

of

is

the

respects, what

the

victim),

upon

in

Great

fetteh," composed
of the

by

visiting

observed

the

in

buffaloes,

most

generally

is termed

is the

sacrifice.

describe,

'eed.

persons.

which

several

many

of

vinegar

quantity

it.

gratulation,
con-

of smaller

observed

duty

and

most

day,

the

on

mentioned

festival, that

bread,

some

to

been

for

persons

broken

upon

is

by

sold

which

called

(the

It

be

to

former

'eed, most

meat

performed

are

visiting

first

to

common

sunrise,

of

has

sheep,

Festival

that

dish

after

the

on

occasion

had

of the

than

other

of

this

on

Minor

latter

prepare

afford

metropolis,

before

the

rejoicing

or

the

ceremonies

called

more

observed

are

work.

flocks

also

it is

is

puts

person

Prayers

soon

four, and

or

Every

customs

same

performed

easily

observed

have

the

is

this

can

into

custom

day,

others,

and

numerous

driven

the

days,

the

of

el-Kebeer,"*

giving presents (though generally

of

who

days,

first

month

El-'Eed

"

'eed.

minor

last

(the

but

between

caravan.

three

suit

new

Es-Suweys^

or

generally

customs.

pilgrims' sacrifice,

chapter

persons

the

that

the

"

Festival,

same

the

on

servants

The

the
a

and

great

'eed, lasts

or

on

mosques

other

Great

nearly

clothes

new

Cairo

Zu-1-Heggeh

"

former

clothes

best

the

before

of

the

with

on

in

months

El-Kuseyr

from

out

set

the

like

his

put

and

tenth

observed
on

Sea

commences

'which,

of

others, prefer going by way

many

221

FESTIVAL.

GREAT

of

garlic

sprinkled

little pepper.

properly pronounced

the

of

name

the

town

which

we

commonly

SiLez,
It is also
the

Turks,

called
"

Kurbin

**

'Eed

el-Kurban

Beyrim."

"

(or

the

Festival

of

the

Sacrifice),and

222

CHAPTER

PUBLIC

PERIODICAL

is remarkable

It

of

customs

changes
the

the

the

of

to

occurrence,

the

when

the

of

they

the

on

of Easter

the

winds

and

Sunday,

interval

an

frequent

following

terminate

to

of

period

of

are

even,

certain

of

immediately

day

and

times

calculate

certain

particular

at

Copts
the

southerly

(or Whitsunday)

of Pentecost

Day

hot

commence

festival

Coptic

observe

Egypt

calculate

Thus

weather.

Khamdseen,"

"

Continued,

"

of

almanac

system,

same

"fec.

superstitious nature

religious

to the

according

Muslims

religious or

of

periods

XXVI.

FEST1VATJ3,

the

that

XXVL

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

of

the

on

forty-nine

days.^
The

Wednesday

Eiyoob,"

Job's

or

cold

creeping plant called

the

(inula Arabica,
*

Wednesday.
with

themselves

wash

that

I believe

have

mentioned

this

before

next

and

inula

this

period

"

Many

has

raarda

Eiyoob,"

been
"

by

vulgar plural
of

period

the

;" namely

seen

Sacy's

De

See
and

pp.

however,
of the

292

Jewish
"

calendar

by

Arabe,*

of

to

have

written

his

no

period
it

pronounced

of

its

the

day being

2nd

but

Coptic

ghubbeyrfe."

that

calendar

of
;

it is

always

Fifties, being

corresponding
"

el-Khama-

"el-Khamseen."

he

Arabic

eminent

Europeans
for

term

same

but

with

This

notes.

who

writers

of the

ed., vol. i.,p. 98

and

call the

termed

"'

tradition

the

by

Fifty days
Arabs

European
or

signifies the
the

last

Khamsin."
"

". e.

of

exactly agreeing

term

authority
the

all

by

which

translation

had

"

manner,

;" only

Chrestomathie
320

like

In

el-Khamseenat

and

appears

Commonly

el-Khamaseen,"

of Khamseen.

above-mentioned

travellers, and
2

"

Arabs

the

called

with

ghubeyra

"

or

account

El-Khamseen,"

day,

themselves

rub

on

Arba'a

"

this

on

persons,

and

expressed, signifying the Fifty

diflferently
termed

is called

water,

undulata),

myself,

it, except

period

has

for

text,

scholar,
the

followed

name

the

Chap.

XXVI.

Tvliich
This

that

relates
other

and

the

to

SMELLING

Copts

towns,

and

alluded

to

yellow

that

On

be

celebrated

in

the

of the

Zephyr)

Early

in

break

effect.

The

river.

This

hot

the

to

is

at

with
or

**

what

added
2

over

to

Beans

the
each

is

pounded,

poured

on

is

and

solar

then

is

days

leaves

of

the

walk

or

until

they begin

beneficial
or

the

on

violent

instead

their
year

dry.
sieve,

trodden

the

in
the

upon

When
over

sieve

saucepan
in

sprout, and

went
en-

first three

the

keshk,")

"

properly

out

the

of

"shemm

but

beet, fried

to

air, which

vessel

meal
a

required
a

vessel

boiled

butter,
then

straw

for

are

boiled.

use

then

; and

is thrown
of

to

is mixed

little

it.

in water

of

course

with

dust,

spooned

in

into

especially

ride

hand-mill

remains

white

in

Silielling

Khamdseen.

country,

dried,

to

into

then

notwithstanding,

with

put

What

the

and

pronounced,

generally poured

Some

plate of

it.

three

or

(or
of the

have

afterwards

festival

Cairo

of

the

coarsely ground

the

treated

'Ulama

day is

because

wonderfully

were

commonly

persons,

the

clouds

of

in

fii*st moistened,

left for two

or

fire.

soaked

The

Light)

it,amellthe

numbers,

six hours

through

passes

fowl,

is

water

word

and

about

soaked

have

by

of

wards,
boats, generally north-

term

dine

This

day

of

they
to

period

wheat,

then

and

it is either

boiling

the

husks,

and

milk,

fixed

(as

from

the

bran,

"

it

in

(1834), they

year

it.

prepared

as

of

custom

kohl.

many

go

or

believe

they

"smell"

Kishk

separate

or,

considerable

neseem

"

air,

but

"

country,

the

day,

citizens

the

accompanied

out

of

day

dish

common

"

first

smell

onion, and

or

Jerusalem.

in

the

this

of

en-Neseem
on

red

next

Friday),

during

appears

Shemm

**

the

on

the

of

(Saturday

greater number

wind,

neseem

with

eyes

just

customs

ndbit,* lentils, rice,

their

Holy Sepulchre

many

into

day

(Good

miraculous,

an

forenoon,

that

Friday

it is

morning

to take
on

colour,

is observed

the

little way

other

in the

externally

dyed

eggs,

peculiar

Muslims
other

The

health.

to

were

many

Saturday, also,
"

termed

custom

by

fool

en-Noor

to

mentioned

kishk,^ with

to adorn

Sebt

women,

the

of

the

women

"

eating

on

restoration

villages.

some

and,

light, said

the

or

be

to

observed

the

of

composed

and

in

obtain

to

so

now

more

are

onions, "c.

did

223

ZEPHYR.

THE

about

are

blue,

khaltah,

called

but

(Thursday)

men

Job

customs

by

or

OP

away
meat

or

usually

224

called

Now-roz,"

"

the

of

11th

"

drop

is

its

this

night

friends
the

the

Nuktah

each

for

daybreak,
life of the

the

Another

absurd

the

Die

three

die

upon
or

Kur-dn,^

each

that

that

die.'

the

when

who

death

The

last

word

of

charm,

above

is to
that

wall, except
is

the

at

the

are

be
the

Chap.

ii.

ver.

end

244.

and

be

where

of

hung
the
is the

be

thou

they
them,

unto

said, should
to

words

Hast

is thus

of

drive

or

"

said

text

cleared

entrance.
*

God

and

sign

following
"

they

season.

the

exterminate,
the

not

following

habitations,

it is

which

paper,

which

room

fourth

their

of

of

the

of

the

discover

to

enters

of

or

cracked,

on

separate letters

left

long,

done

at

that

ensuing

to

for fear
"

be

each

at

infer

it not

sun

it

upon

the

consists
in

house,

in

the

charm

will

en-

sunset,

the

look

is also

high

written

The

in which

this

is observed

charm

those

find

they

rise

writing

This

pieces

of

walls

will

it is the

times.

three

on

if

say

custom

thousands,

were

but

after

mark

they

placed

was

Leylet

in

they

it cracked,

it

Some

considered

not

whom

for
year

bugs.

from

find

they

house,

their

of

especially

the

her,

if

Leylet es-Saratan,"

"

away,

puts his, or

who

spend

Egypt,

inmates

are

and

Nile

the

there

as

following morning,

reverse.

whether

of the

terrace

Cairo

of

houses

on

the

of

also, and

custom

the

that

Cancer

dough

person

terminate

night,

the

in

Many

the

course

of

some,

air.

singular

person,

on

lumps

these

infer

of

lumps

many

Nile

it to

when

the

parts

that

causes

inhabitants

the

Loylet

"

moment

in

other

of

open

placing, upon

of

the

it is believed

as

Nile, and

always

of the

banks

observe

women,

lump

and

the

is called

precise

Many

others, in the

is

mentioned.

on

the

which

neighbourhood,

and

Drop),

into

with

corresponds

of the

calculate

fall

to

which

Ba-ooneh,

falls

Persian

the

Norooz."

"

of

month

then

drop

above

night

as

of June,

Astrologers

rise.
"

17 th

(or the Night

miraculous

Arabs

Coptic

"

en-Nuktah

by the

of the

night

The

with

spring-quarter, corresponding

days of the

XXVI.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODEBK

THE

written
written
upon

bugs

the
; one

entrance,

226

Aider!

regard

with

me

[or my

the

master

of the

house

God!"

B.

from
me

of the

house]

M.

"

God

"

"

5.

God

me

to

me

for

one,

perfect abundance

over

the

country.

added

are

to

be

by

"

the

and

pour

wish,

chief

lady

Nile

Ay, please

"

Lord

the

last words

river

which

malicious

them

the

and

!"

God

bless

These

the

eye,

among

! O

J5.

"

evil

for

one,

Ay, please God."

"

!"

of

if the

follows:]

abundantly

rising

however

as

digits] to-day

or

God.

any,

abundantly
God

! 0

the

lest

be

Bountiful

Mohammad."

ye

ineffectual

rendered

He

Bless

fear

master

[Then brothers,

B.

May

Bountiful

malicious

"

of

["c.]such
!"

preserve
the

favours

mistress, the

[or six, Ac,

B.

in

affected

Five

is bountiful."

God

M.

his

"

! 0

them

God

"

manner,

long period.

with

M,

master

master

prosperity,

again

there

same

my

my

Ay, please God."

God."

the

in

the

Bountifal

their

M,

the

if

master

give

Ay, please God."

"

Bountiful

preserve

increase

him

to

my

"God

[naming

daughters,
to

brides, such
B.

God!"

preserve

long period.
M.

increase

mentioned

are

young,

and

unmarried

and

M,

one

me

[naming

Ay, please God."

"

["c.] such

I 0

Bountiful
sons,

B,

to

of his house.

and

withdraw

Bountifal,

one

God."

Himself;

from

master

my

"] such

please

"

preserve

good people

"Ay,

Himself."

God

"

emeer

the

happy morning,
to

M.

"

],and

B,

XXVL

Chap.

EGYPTIAKS.

favour."

thy protection."

not

MODERN

THE

be

should
is

supposed
the

bless

person

Prophet.*
Sometimes,
Mundrdee

is

the

Canal

placed

upon

which

the

or

him

him

give

the

to
He

has

by
his

would

him

the

proclamation.
guilty

of

he

sin

is

orders;

did

the

reliance
makes

his

and
not

do

this

this

but

most

opening
is

of the

generally

people mostly

He

if he

of bread

duty it is

whose

but

piece

the

which

day before

which

persons

little

Very

attained, for he
the

before

middle

the

until

Cairo.

subject ;

be

daily

the

announcement

this

upon

interest

of

house

among

nothing

river

misinformed

give

cry

custom

common

of

people

his

makes

persons
of

the

be

to

height

uninformed
to

acquaint

listen

boy

repeat

when

desired.

with
this

Chap.

XXVI.

day, until

cry

every

dam

that

On

closes

this

the

little

for the

sixteenth

people

thinks

Wef^

en-Neel

risen

about

the

16th

twenty

August
^

(or

this

this

which

is

the

and

1st

is when

there

moderately good rise, in

four

three

or

before

and

that
the

on

which

the

canal

[itsmeasure]
M,

"

This

ovei*flow
eyil
*

present
was

cut

the

dam

the
before

hath

5th

of

it

was

the

"

the

Fears

little

"

"

rd,yat

"

and

pleted
com-

abundance."^
M.

unusual

with

have

next

Munadee

the

entertained

were

metropolis,

"God,"c."

would

which

of

of

(the

given

risen

and

month

abundance,

having

river

6th

measure

of the

B,

the

actually

the

the

hath

sible,
pos-

neighbourhood

opened),

with

God

has

Coptic

of

as

when

mentioned

given

August.
cut

the

announcement

is filled."

(1834),

year
on

him

Boys,

Daren-Nahdfl'

And

dam

the

!"

of

is to be

following
river

the

height

early

as

between

above

day

accompany

The

"

in

the

government

period

neighbourhood

the

the

Munadee,

the

to the

river

yet remain,

On

(or flags)make

The
the

11th

law, that

old

an

the

generally

feet.

who

boys

the

and

feet

sufficiently

this, however,

rises

is when

is

thus

for

the

Nile

height.

twenty-one

or

the

"

attained

people believe,

proclaimed

metropolis

of

Misra)

attained

is

is

Nilometer;
the

make

to

it has

unless

risen
it has

In

there

for

has

en-Keel

Nile);

that

Kilometer.

the

of

it proper
that

the

it

by
coloured

Wefa

"

the

when

small

the

proclaim

to

exacted

cubits

bears

of

river

is cut.

district, accompanied

announces

deceived

be

cannot

sixteen

of

of

always

are

the

government

cubit

land-tax
of

of

state

the

just mentioned),

those

of

Abundance

or

which

on

of Cairo

Canal

of whom

and

that

before

former
his

227

NILE.

the

of

boys, each

r^yeh ;"

"

the

high

next

about

Completion,

termed

day

mouth

goes

called

(the

THE

day (that is, the

of

flag,

the

the

MunMee

number

OF

EISE

been

lest

"And

rapidity,
it should

regarded

as

an

omen.

The

words

thus

translated, the

boys

"

pronounce

Ofa-lleh," for

"

Owfa-

llah."
'

This

is

an

old

building between

the

Sultans

the

river, previously

and

Governors
to

of
the

the

aqueduct

"gypt

used

cutting

of the

to

dam

and

alight, and
of the

el-'Ateekan.

Masr

inspect

canal.

where

thi: state

of

228

the

canals

flow."

afloat."

are

has

B.

failed."

Mighty,

B,

scarcity,"
death,
M.

B,

M,

B.

jewels,"
timber:"

B.

windows

that

the
is

"fec."
B,

M,

:"

is

damsels

have

the

women

old

nor

of

one

who

B.

:"

the

if

has

M.
"c."

God,

B.

B.

about."

B,

"

of

B,

in

jar :"

the

be

it is

wanting,

shuts

Nor

an

God,

"

while

up

who
M.

God, "c."

"

The
the

JIf.
M.

the

drives

JIf. "And

God, "c."

"

"c."

door

"c."

"c."

And

"

God,

"

:"

"

Paradise

M.

the

and

before

"

"c."

who

God,

"

"God,'

M.

cake

M.

B,

And

bread

Nor

"

him."^

thousand

a
"

water

God,

"

incomparable

man

"And

M,

JB.
for

B,

the

walls."

tiimble

"c."

"c."

counts

themselves."

adorned

"God,

M,

the

measures

"

B,

palm-sticks

God,

before

built

stop before

"c."

brightened."

**

for

him,

it

B,

wish

visit

of

God,

year."

every

are

avaricious

"c."

B.

is

pletion."
com-

cnstom."

generous."

"c."
"

to

an

God,

"

to

avaricious."

who

Nor

"

dogs upon

world

God

"And

B,

me

God,

"

supper-time

the

away

B.

May

God,

"

the

cause

M,

fast :"

at

cats

of

Ac."

yet dough
orders

Nor

"

God,

"

B,

of

not

woman,

hoarder

generous."

abode

God

avaricious

the

of

annual

Instead

"

M.

is Selsebeel.'"'

the

May

"

:"

an

columns

JIf.

Ac."

open

perfect

the

palace

its

"c."

"God,

abode

Hell

And

"

God,

window

every

M.

the

is

the

there

To

live

loveth

admirable

an

"

the

of

"And

affliction!"

person

"fec."

"

and
*

And

"

M.

[of grain]

M.

you

if

"fec."

God,

"c."

This

vesselB

permission

M.

may
And

"

blindness

"

God,

"

M.

Jtf.
"

with

Ac."

And

"

'J'his generous

"

B.

M,

M,

"

hoarder

"By

"c."

the

And

"

the

"God,

God,

"c."

God,

"

M.

B.

"

JIf.

And

"

"c."

B.

"c."

God,

"

M.

"God,

"c."

God,

"

"God,"c."

nothing."

"c."

God,

**

XXVI.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

Eequiter."

B.
B,

B.

B.

the

remains

is

HODERK

THB

"

And

"

And

the*
B.

married
"

"fec."

God,

eighteen."
house

man

This

"

gives
'

hath
JIf.
cry

present

The

person

In

Paradise.

before

added
"

is
to

his

to

the

And

bachelor

continued

until

the Munadee
whose

house

wife

the
'

the

others."

hath

married

somebody
amount

annonncement

Fountain

eight

in

of which
is made.

of Paradise,

the

Chap.

XXVI.

BISE

generally

from

During
dam

of

it

without

piaster;

grandees,

kheyreeyeh,

day, preparations
This

the

dam

is

the

distance

is crossed

Nile's

of about
old

.by an

before,

increase.
four

of

this

bridge

very

broad

at

the

bottom,

The

of

top

lowest
is

the

but

several

feet

consequently

dry

for

The

the

canal

banks

the

of

dam.

the

latter

of earth,

is distant

and

cone,

the
be

"

to

millet

or

washed

down

It

the
is

dam

mentioned

by

Makreezee.

general,was

is raised

form

dam.

than

the

top of
that

dam

This
will

of the

river
week

is low.

pillar

of

presently

has

little

is

or

cated
trun-

is called

dam,

'arooseh

the

before

river, and

round

the

for this

river

of the

The

more

the

at

always

attained

fortnight

is cut.
that

historian

by the

told that

the

of

custom

and,

Arabs,

'Amr

Egyptians

were

'arooseh
which

usage,

them,

among

that, in

relates

this

forming

superstitious

authors,

Arab

Egypt

the
ancient

an

This
of

of
the

that

upon

when

canal

which

sown.

rising tide

generally

believed
from

generally

the

and

originated

conquest

is

by

its summit,

before

its flat top, and

Upon

Nile

front

the

as

broad.

twenty-two

than

in

breadth

yards

higher

reason

in

about

top, in the

the

(or bride), for

earth,

when

bridge,
high

so

is of

mark

distance
the

which

of the

feet

Canal,

or

sixty

the

bed

mencement
com-

its entrance,

three

of

now

About

of

height
level

it is

arch.

about

few

towards

quite

not
"

'arooeeh

stated.

maize

from

attached

after, the

diminishing

the

same

diminishing

dam,

months

are

of

Khaleeg,"

"

one

low-water

some

the

Nearly

the

the
the

the

above

great crowd

public festivity.

soon

of

and

above

high

so

the

feet within

is flat, and

feet above

not

is

rises to

dam

-three

twenty

or

top, which

or

The

bridge

in front

the

of

hundred

feet

towards

cutting

performed,

occasion

an

stone

for

piastres.

political importance

constructed

of the

nine

or

give

persons

many

attracts

prematurely

made

reason

but

made

are

operation

partly from

much

The

at

but, being always

229

NILE.

THE

to

canal.

spectators,
to

and

this

the

faddahs

ten

piastres ;

two

OF

the

El-

by

year

Ibn-El-As,the
accustomed,

is

of

the

Arab
at

the

230

in

obtain

is said, he

months

Nile, in

least

degree

which

returned

'Omar
*Amr*s

letter, to throw

of thine

who

Mighty,

Mighty,

the

One,

commanded

believed,
the

On
almost
from

even

operation
reception

of

the

cutting.

visiters

was

and

the

the

dam

is cut, and

early
sale

in

the

of sweetmeats,

likewise

other

opposite

the

entrance

to

the

during the

morning.

pitched along

and

the

of the

'Abd-

Allah
If thou

the

God,

did

One,

he

as

the
was

cubits

in

to

be

hard

the

tents

has

supplies

night preceding
small

other

eatables,

bank

of

Canal.

The

for

the

intend
superfor

erected

great number

tents,
and

to

day when

the

operation itself,which

the

the

festival, and

the

Many

stone,

and

also

and

become

tent

witness
are

honour

of

witness

to

large

to

dam,

building

building

have

who

government

fruits,

The

sixteen

rose

is erected

populace during

Nile.

Egypt.

used

This

fire-works, chiefly rockets,

amuse

the

of

implore God,

small

(^airo

of

Some
the

of

is, indeed,

dam.

officers

From

of

miracle.

its remains

those

the

Canal, overlooking

bridge,

cutting the

of

the

grandees

upon

the

of

the

the

of

; and

other

side

to

.which

ruin

of

tale

the

receipt

'Arar

told,

are

we

of

the

we

"

the

threatened.

if it be

flow."

and

to

wrote

approbation

"

flow,

that

his

Nile

its

of

done,

"

but

to

This

divested

north

close

"

not

thee

Nile,

night.

following

the

are

the

upon

the

to

thee

make

to

and

Faithfol,

causeth

had

follows

as

accord, flow

own

therefore,

not

three

thinking

it enclosed, into

was

of the

Prince

'Omar,

note

did

nearly

of

it

custom,

commencement

he

desiring him,

sacrifice,

consequence,

expressing

answer,

as

in consequence,

was,

note, which

this

of

purport

the

and

conduct,

what

of

Egypt

brief

river

space

'Amr,

him

inform

to

ensue

virgin

young

barbarons

the

of

greatly alarmed,

were

certainly

the

during
period

people

with

calamity

usual

the

The

Khaleefeh,

the

into

the

and

abolished

would

famine

her

throw

deck

rise, to

to

This

after

increase.

flow

began

plentiful inundation.

the

in

rise

Nile

apparel, and

gay

to

the

when

period

XXVI.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

is performed
for

the

coffee, "c.,

isle of Er-E6dah,

day

of the

cutting

Chap.

XXVI.

of the
is

the

though
''

"

signify

to

word

really the

has

Yom

el-Bahr,"

Wefa

of the
In

is

dam

is also

cut,

rude,
and

silk,
is

It

such

as

large

and

other

of

conquest

stuffs

in

if

hire,

is made

immediately
the

other

the

bank

fast

of the

island

boats,

many

the

crews

by singing,
zummdrah

and

musicians
*

"

boat

to

'Akab

navigate

the

of this

"

add

is the
Nile

kind.

and

; and

often

"

of
it

the

of

name

'akabeh

"

the

(plural

sails

It

taking
being

sengers
pas-

usually

above

tioned.
men-

Most

the

and

the

by

hire
the

kind

of

"), the

night,

river.

In

their

and
the

of

night, along

evening

down,

'akabat

the

convey

Canal.

during

largest
"

the

Er-E6dah,

the

on

ficent
magni-

isle of

private parties
diversion

of

pieces

Nile.

latter

the

the

before

to

noon,

all the

various

pennants.

used,

accompanied

their

collective

of

board,

over

of
two

themselves

amuse

but

also,

Arabs,

rowing

or

some

to

bank

some,

up,

gaudy,
on

large awning

near

but

the

represents

the

entrance

remain

also

the

called

forming

with

after

the

the

to

constantly sailing

are

in

in

has

into

the

of

entrance

composed

the

women

the

opposite

boats

it

boat

hours

and

men

which

on

cannons

Egyptians
by

three

the

ropes,

adorned

this

the

they prefer it,

It

the

said, they threw

about

for

that

country

it is

that

occasion,

"c.

is

festiva

The

large boat,

awning,

and

which

their

Boolak

close

believed

virgin, whom,

placed,

of

explained,

day.

small

to

large star,

of

more

or

term

private parties, for

by

the

for

two

The

el-Khaleeg."

very

attached

kind

vulgarly
vessel,

from

has

and

this

to

hired

painted

lamps

numerous

cabin,

is

It
;

devices,

is

interpreted

before

en-Keel,"

;"

Eiver

the

signification.

neighbourhood

these

manner

the

to

of

thus

day preceding

boats,

Among

'Akabeh."

is

Mosim

"

the

of

numerous

pleasure, repair
Canal.

which

Wefa

"

or

called

afternoon

the

Breaking

reverse

which

el-Bahr,"

the

properly, applied

more

Canal

gebr,"

Gebr

Yom

"

of

Day

*'

breaking,"

is also, and

"

the

"

231

NILE.

THE

is called

Canal

of the

dam

said

OP

RISE

sengers
pas-

darabukkeh

professional
river.
the
name

The

boats
of

which

single

232

THE

MODEBN

XXVI.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

"

festival

is
there

though
minister

and

always

of

reciters
the

of

and

two

the

night.

and

cutting

of

present

At

rigging

the

shore, where

more

which
the

is
guns,

crowded

the

part

of

the

the

the

of

noise

till
the

boats

of

well

as

vicinity, and
a

on

the

many

striking effect,
the

at

firing
The

rockets.

festival

upon
as

in

stuck

lively by

guns,

banks

lamps

boats,

its

every

its

the

mesh'als

number

almost

where

other

of

else

kept

and

and

more

of

scene

the

if

sleep,even

to

of

little

Numerous

island),have

the

ascent

island

of the

bank

of

festival

are

river

scene.

and

occasionally rendered
and

the

many

dam

these

of

day-light, during

in

also

are

during

fire-works
of

best

tinued,
con-

'akabeh

each

The

dark,

is

hour

an

night's

the

down

and

the

bank

the

and

up

there

(several upon

upon

broad

night,

'akabeh,

the

of

the

the

consist

night

picturesque

remarkably

constantly passing

ground

the

in

dam.

the

from

hundred.

blue-lights :

few

exhibited

and

morning,

are

six

about

this

on

the

at

and

is

it

and

of

fired

fired

forbidden

now

before

guns

are

guns

was

musicians,

quarter

every

number

was

year

rockets

than

twelve

whole

of

pipe

festival

are

evening,

firing

the

displayed during

are

the

commences;

gun-boats,

the

present

which

fire-works

About

years,

singers, instrumental

with

more

or

former

the

could

bustle, with

and

In
of

think

require nothing

to

seem

crowds

In

by

together

the

than

romances.

and

they

it,

attend

would

stranger

who

crowds

by dancing-girls (who

exhibition

occasions

that

coffee.

attended

perform),

to

them

the

by

amusement

enliven
cup

enjoyed

is little

their

to

to

more

highly

of

most

night

is the

is too

happy

person

"c., did

not

prevent

him.

sunrise,

Before
the

dam.

This

Muslim

are

paid by

and

on

the

of workmen

great number
devolves,

labour

grave-diggers

the

government

Saturday, they
"

are

and
:

on

but

under

in

the
when

the

"Et-turabeeyeh."

begin

alternate
Jews

years,

both

it falls to

necessity

of

to

cut

upon

of whom

the

Jews,

paying

234

enter,

along

pass

thQ city, and,

with

mnch

and

canght

the

nets

itself, and
minutes

from

the

witnessing
the

of her

isle

the

on

dress, and
mud,

was

The

days

it

(I

the

of

which
sale

of

brandy,

benches

of

resort

remain

there

night.

There

all

hours

persons

boys,

are

but

whom

idlers

this

on

place

for

of

some

expose

the

several

the

seen

also

the

is

banks

day,

their
in

two

in

the

girls,and

manner

hot

it, at

by

for

the

stools

and

favottrite

time

and

persons

many

all

after

sunset

three

story-tellersthere.

sometimes

and

persons
a

The

sight

this

one

numerous

evening;

or

and

there.

hours

bathing
young

coffee

and

set

are

generally

are

with

at

the

water,

the

pitched

are

of

of

to

and

Cairo,

Crowds

opening

the

on

following

many

refreshing

as

for

sion
occa-

canal,

large expanse

tents

"c.

wine,

palm-sticks

to

is

place

supplied

are

the

Several

year.

visiters

of

turbid,

dusty

will

this

cut.

was

her

of

loss

new

part

besmeared

on

by

dam

after

days

view

the

drowned

the

day, and

few

very

and

dry

so

which

river,

having

for the

Ezbekeeyeh

return

the

on

uncovered,

was

the

festivities

the

woman,

persons

the

this

writing

am

though

season

of

three

on

on

in

my

partly

passed

door, screaming

my

entered

water

round

which,

At

were

one

on

and

dam,

Er-K6dah),

of the

one

canal), to enjoy

of

the

the

lost in

Ezbekeeyeh.

house,

my

face, which

day preceding that

collected

in

of

her

passed by

who

the

of

cutting

the

of

entered

preceding night (which

partly

with

had

Lake

the

into

persons

Canal

of the

Canal,

the

plunged
three

(1834)

the

into

generally

were

opening

in

two

after

lives

other

celebrated

was

whom

of

some

retnrn.

Bashll, with

thrown

of

length

further, and

the

or

whole

fete, which

year

of the

day

miles

was

several

present

the

on

Canal

this

at

money

but

This

drowned

several

el-Beled,

and

thronghotit the*

by the populace,

scramble.

son,

them,

Sheykh

pomp

with

water

and

of

officers, presided

great

of

Canal

some

Formerly,

few

the

XXVI.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

even

before

midnight,

at

even

lake;

some

chiefly
women

the

surprising

men

the

passengers
in

place

and
latter
and

where

'

Chap.

XXVI.

in

Tvomen

though

general

the

in

instance,

"

increased

four

four

the

house

until

and

the

Wefa

on

he

continues
On

his

the

its

to

of

in

his

There
shemmdm*

the

increased

according
^

I have

to

has

Doubting

That

present
*

year

Cucumis

'

The

been

on

the

who

its

the

and

hast

said

to

the

to

of the

cry

in

is

occasion
second

my

height

of

the

same
"

me,

Why

the

visit to

or

wilt

anemone

the

good

of

the

one

river
news,

is entitled
bed

the

but

such

of

thou

endureth.

the

that

see

In

"

lake

to
of

the

Egypt.

sufficientlyhigh.
the

river

period
dost

in

thou

at

Nilometer.

particular period

preceding
not
*

Miky^s,

each

water]

master,

bringer

that

to

"

that

fields and
my

risen

cry

comparing^
the

or

has

again

nothing

the

of

Toot,

river

Aboo-Eadddd''

rise

at

the

following

sown

dudaim.

Sheykh

each

same

of

comes

the

nor

may

will

Nile

he

house], live, and

since

the

height

to

Afterwards

month

[uncovered by

former

so,

There

rest.

give,

filled up

comparing

with

rest

not

just judgment.

1 1th

Discovery

the

period

repeats

and

and

whether

is,in

thou

mentioned

Ezbekeeyeh

and

of the

master

or

clothes,

best

repeats the

Coptic

at which

nearly

flax:

and

comes

present.

(or

the

of

or

lemmdm"

and

[naming
has

17th

wilt

"

Saleeb

nothing

safflower

and

the

district,

remaineth

This

cry.
"

reproacher, *

0 my

(10th

in his

boy dressed

has

little earlier.

or

for

river

cubits.

sixteen

of

form

saying,

the

that

days before, he

his

September,

uncertainty,* thou

river;

Norooz,

again receives

greatest height,

house

rest.

are

Munddee

different

the

of

hautboy-player

is the

27th

or

uses

of the

three

or

former

day

but

the

Coptic New-year's-day

or

and

of

Cross),which
26th

the

persons

dam

;" meaning,

day

district, with

drummer

as

the

two

or

the

(or digits) from

"keerdts"

Norooz,"

"

in his
a

sixteen

from

continues

cry

of

height

the

stating

September),

and

cutting

repeat his first

to

expression

he

after

day

continues

of

the

that

happens

faces,

from

covered

usually

often

their

even

here.^

On

On

conceal

are

It

downwards.

drowned

cry

bathers

235

NILE.

THE

carefully

bo

these

of

most

"waist

OF

RISE

bring
Mentha

in the

years.
better

news

Kahirina.

?"

236

THE

tlie

from

fee
of

river's

the

the

government
increase:

behaviour.

The
in

lis

and

we

in

its

Munddee,

and

and

in

women,

of

present
then

third

two

gold
of

coin,

pound

now

to

the

or

next

become

sterling,

rich,

the

of

families.
three

hath

or

leave

is

His

few

middle

generally

the

all

presents

which

piasters.

more

taken

of

Nile,
He

good

irrigated

persons

the

with

it

occasion,

from

rank,

by

eaten

receives

occupation

year.

scarce,

or

it

fee

hath

Egypt

this

mud

dry

many

or

until

ceases

of

lumps

some

the

fruit,

other

of

digit

every

to

take

to

come

on

for

entitled

increase,

"

limes,

shereefee^

are

Nile

The

of

we

fortunate

prosperity

country."

fee

generosity;

of

people

of

XXVI.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

somewhat

lis

less.

ralne,

am

informed,

is

about

237

CHAPTEE

XXVII.

PRIVATE

modem

the

As

'he

until

Egyptian

is married
his

with

first

marriage
his

and

wife

friends

is

to

is

I have

as

has

his

of the

It

is also

the

boys,) during

young

husband

the

for

sunset,

after

or

while

assemble

and

the

custom

to

the

the

the

their

the

are

ever

six

receive

the

'eshe

prayers

the

wife

is

engaged

her

except very

the

day

afterwards;
his

sometimes

with

female

entertain

to

of

or

apartments.

admitted,

but

always

her

upper

guests

(such

apartment

entertains

hours

is

attendant

husband

wife

middle
his

rejoicing, it

lower

or

him

great

presents

The

wife

for

of

his

respective

ceremonies

hareem,

males

no

affords

send

to

before.

two

in

usual
whom

guests (among

invited,

or

which

occasion

any

describing

house

friends

and

relations

on

day

parents),

Whenever

party, generally in the

separate

apartments

first event

may

her

or

entertainment.

in
a

his

of

calling together

persons

mentioned

marriage),

upon

of

given

the

for

the

housekeeper

necessity then, for he

house

generally

become

not

of

not

the

private

entertainment

customary,

in

occasion

an

does

(and

wife

live

ETC.

FESTIVITIES,

her

and

after

guests

party in

own

hareem.

the
On

these

(or "'Al'mehs") are

"'Awdlim"

They

company.
hareem

female

occasions, the

generally

sit
at

in
a

one

window

singers
often

of

the

looking

who

hired

are

to

the

the

amiise

apartments
into

called

court.

of

the

The

238

MODERN

THE

wooden

of tlie window,

lattice- work

them

be

to

let them

be

the

or

court

by

seen

in

of the

one

for

the

the

apartment

which

the

adjoining

screened

in

front

from

dance

(with

that

they

of the

face)

be

also

hareem

of the

host
the

upon

the

nukoot,

which

in

former

the

purse
he

the

that

agrees

without
where

an

these

have

before

often

they shall

mentioned

(in

in

common

the

custom

and

for
stick

them

guests

It

the

of them
to

upon

wet,
the

is the

own

surplus.

Or

with

or

parties,

some

and

sport
I

manner.

brandy,
drink
with

sum

his

nukoot,
In

the

receives

chapter), that,
with

be

to

from

licentious

very

most
man

the

money

entertainment
he

friends

of

guests dally

usually indulged

are

gold coins,

all

former

sum

the

'Awalim

niikoot."
the

so

men

for

custom

pockets the

is observed,

dancing-girls

the

the

sums

from

himself.

from

sum

windows

of

one

difference,

receive

intoxicating liquor,which

other

small

he

the

exceed, the promised

of, or
the

court,

the

this

gives

certain

pays

case

additional

occasions, they

It is

latter

little decorum

with

for

he

case

who

the

or

small

"

They

house,

they

called

are

fall short

may

the

allow

not

person

Ghawazee

in

handkerchief,

will

these

frequently

in which

party,

also

from

them

for

contributions

the

in

of

as

hareem),

festivities.

apartment

an

adjoining

dancing-girls

men,

When

in

host

the

The

engage

women

women.

or

general practice for

to

by the

usually collects

tambourine,

observed.

the

closet,

conceal

to

private

In

it.

or

the

were,

or

in

(as well

The

street, before

the

of the

of

"

are,

of

entertainment

sometimes,

but

in

or

the

for

men.

before

in

perform

or

only

perform

seen

into

described,

saloon

the

occasions

unveiled

may

amusement

the

look

lattice-work,

of

to

guests sitting

guests assemble

male

GhAzeeyehs,")

"

on

assembled,

are

view

sufficiently open

apartment,

before

have

to allow

close

too

which

elevated

by wooden

or

attend

to

male

principal

the

the

(" Ghawdzee,"
hired

by the

small

another

singers

is

apartments

which

'Awdlim,
in

is

though

without,

distinctly heard

houses, there

many

persons

XXVII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

his

these

on

or

some

to excess.

tongue,

forehead, cheeks,

Chap.

XXVIL

PRIVATE

cilin, and
the

lips,of
their

'Awdlim,

often

the

acts

[on
**

Such

'

reeyehs
of

has

one

coins

gold

of

does

of others.

'Okba

"

often

His

have

male

by

court,

or

Two

"

"

cushions,

"c.,

lantern

is

generally

usually
receive

entertainment

the

on

are

three

"

access
"

"

**

phrase
it should

signify,
to

These

or

customs

thus
**

to

access

:"

small

shabash,"

be,

and

"

also

written

signifies

and

'"

and
fortune

us

which
mean,

him

of St. Paul's

to

me

is

an

in

this

gift.
above

proper,

the

are

the

the

I"

by

tions
recita-

Kur-an), by
purpose
That

Arabic

an

done

boos
khal-

each

fakeers.'

well

explained

would
to

"

"

'^

the

corruption

excellent

I"

sheykh

; but

[May

we

used

expression vulgarly
case,

whose

their

more

for

nukoot,** being

le-'anduh,"

Good

remind

"

of

and

those

from

of

with

for

after

hired

are

put

Alateeyeh

These

the

often

assembly

whole

party

with

which

Ikbil
him

the

of

in

assembled.

are

considered

festivities.

also
vocal

sit

The

kind

plies,
re-

are

musicians

manner

are

fikees, who

more

was

and

(or

is synonymous

^^

him

"

zikr," by

Persian

The

suspect
to

"

Shobash

of the
2

four

or

of
*

rosity
gene-

and

'Awdlim

same

different

private

khatmeh

"

the

he

furnished

middle.

like

This

!""
[rejoicing]

are

and

the

be

Awalim,

guests

the

for

gold

the
'

like

guests

court,

from

common,

of

if

; or,

sofas)

the

in the

of

more

occasions
of

or

them

performances

mentioned

the

in

placed

to

the

orchestra

an

larger number

instrumental

wooden

contributions

out

The

"

in which

they perform,

caHing
But

form

to

!")

khey-

'

of the
the

is,

adds,

or

(" Aldteeyeh"), who

front, in

to

and

stimulate

to

of

each

at

manner.

he have

concert

(or high

front

or

recompense

apartment

dikkehs

same

another

(" May

performers

in the

together,

with

entertained

music,

!"

much

and

donor,

mistress,

le-'anduh

he

May

"

or

the

compliment

to

way,]"^

greater value
in the

sum

who

and

entertainment,

mahboobs,'

piasters into

the

the

same

many

considerably

given, exaggerating

the

for

el-fe,rah !" that

of

'

so

few

giver

in

and

given

;" turning

khalboos,"

"

saheb

ya

thee, 0

occasion,

similar

is called

'aleyk

from

is due

present

is collected

money

buffoon, generally calls^ out,

Shdbash

**

When

who

servant,

part of

contribution,
"

Ghdzeeyek.

239

FESTIVITIES.

have]

!"
advice

to the

Ephesians,

ch.

v.

v.

19 ;

24Q
khatmeh

relieve

fikees
time

and

house

chants

then

them
manner

Sometimes
the

it, in

In

Egypt,

in

smoking,
the

conversing:

which

they

given

rise

the

[t.e.

in the

delight
unless

only

when

the

of

privacy

people

and

yet

two

which

really call

shows

which

highly enjoy
'

the
the

quarter

of

three

their

own

they

but

for

antiquity

as

families.

only

occur

social

pastimes

"

hezb,*' which

latter

of

amuse

times
some-

take

at

great

any

They

are

this

social

above

such

kind.

at

are

occasions

occasions,

The

Egyptians

zikrs.

part

or

ments.
entertain-

great

on

sixtieth

game,

together,

particular

on

munshids
is

or

described

rejoicing. Except

of

to

meet

rarely give

religious love-songsof the

a

play

have

other
others."

do

them

persons

above

dancers, musicians^

hired

seldom

has

Al-'Osmdn,

attempts
of

honour

occasion

conversation,
all

and
from

the

than

ever

the

of

abstain

'Osmdnlees,]

guests

is

mostly

sherbet,

exalted

more

for

time

is

and

utmost

little

every

has

though

or

they

unfrequent:

on

facetious

by

such

Kur-dn

Kur-4n

Egyptians

Festivities
very

the

story;

The

should

dishes

of

very

generally

the

the

performances

singers.

and

on.

after

and

the

conviviality

God

"

or

exalt

except

telling

of

book

that

of

parties,none

by

in

they

companions,

But

of the

sacred

'Osmdn,

of

with

profusion

however,

the

so

zikr

the

that

sipping coffee, drinking

saying,

because

these

his

to

race

Muslims,
In

to

and

day-time,

live

and

period

Turks,

pay

rule

friends.

the recitation

during

smoking

their

The

eating.

to

passed

of

another

habitually

great variety

entertainment

devoted

is

musical

more

of

one

sunset.

who

prepare

in

in the

the

get through

guests assemble

manner,

It

generally

They

'asr, and

performed

after

persons

ruba.*

the

same

zikr.

one

leisurely, and
the

in

performed

frugality
the

before

is

evening,

be

always

task

performers, the
only chanting at a

tlie

to

the

after

khatmeh

tnms

little

more

him,

after

their

of

by

usually, chanting

e"ch,

greater part

fatiguing

too

another

one

the

to

come

be

not

may

XXVII.

Chap.

EaYPTIANS.

MODEBN

THE

of the

Kiir-in.

242

This

chair

napkin

and

upper

the

to

house.

women,

after

the

day

same

two

or

requiring great
On

the

front

occasioned

by

those
of that

of

often

female

few

after

the

of

the

kishk,"

female

relations

honey with

variety
hazel-nuts

crumbled

or

water

then, the

"

Some
for

but
a

up
been
*

buttei

broken

and

particular
of

alluded

to

note

to

poor

all

at

and

if not

the

than

show

relics
to

ancestors

The

and

which

chapter
second

is,to

butter,
on

the

paragraph

and

is

has

and

roasted
been

little

over

The

honey.

of

scribed
de-

of broken

composed

saucepan

the

next,

consists

together:
kishk

the

to

sesame,*

oil of

send

these

butter, and

into

middle

mufattakah,"

they

The

libdbeh

ingredient

in the

and

"

fifth

or

of the

be

of

first of
^

fourth

the

on

family

it.'

to

first put

is

purpose,

in the

the

greater

ancient

spices pounded

page.*

unolher

beetles

of

festivities

stiU

Arabs

dishes

butter

added

bread

add

number

In

the

The

women

but

The

"

hilbeh," which

"

Semn."

"

'

bed,

Ghazeeyehs,

always

their

bread, honey, clarified

the

former

three

court.

ITie

prepare

friends.

and

also

are

in

easy

three

or

are

if

house,

and

aromatics

of

on

occupations,

or

birth, generally

little clarified

in

offspring.

libabeh,"

"

son

induced

wealthy classes, usually

or
"

women

of

the

in

or

daughter.

feeling which

day, the

her

before

bed

two

two

or

house,

birth

the

days

birth,

Khawals,

destroy their
A

chair

the

days

ordinary

the

after

the

of

account

on

to

the

of

exertion.

called

in

dance

each

of those

six

to

take

their

resume

morning

dancing-men

three

seldom

case,

to

delivery, is placed

after

it from

on

some

conveyed

of the rich, and

mother,

remains

usually
in

the

is

roses,

or

ornamented,

d^yeh)

houses

the

In

"

embroidered

an

henna-tree,

Thus

"

the

of

or

handkerchief,

back.

property

circumstances,
and

the

of

is the

(which

of the

embroidered

an

comers

shawl,

flowers

some

tied, with

are

with

covered

is

XXVII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODEBN

THE

rose-

fire

dish

of

Seereg."

"

when

; not

them

make
then

Domestic
of the

add
Life

it is to
fat

the
of the

be

they

sent

broil

honey,
Women.

preceding chapter.

"c.

to

friends,

and
This

mash
has

"

Chap.

XXVII.

hilbeh
and

On

of

visit.

recite

sits

have

considered

shawl,

that

noise,

other

mortar,*

and

After

pounding.
shaken

it

whom

bears

various

colours,
of

lumps

time, the

same

floor

of each

flower,^

or

preceding
this,

**

bless

the

"

salt

This

eye
lord

"

H6n."

"

"

"l-milh

yusallee ;"
El-milh

the

;"* or,

of

eye

foul

The

"

the

of

and

each

!"

which

The

fee
and

'eyn
"

ellee

'a-n-nebee,"

el-fasid

fee 'evn

salt

for

be

el-hasid."

the

Habbeh

fennel-

the

the

say,

up,

and

"

on

the

is

sidered
con-

from

the

God,

bless

placed

silver

not

of

eye

salt^

of

does

doth

mother,

and

laid

she

as

who

in

on

tray, is

s6dk."

yesallee *a-ii-nebee."
"

the

At

the

of

saying,

should

is sometimes

m^

small

placed during

child, wrapped

"

of

into

tray.

person

child

to

girls,each

stuck

sprinkling

present

person

and

sometimes

seed

the

if

as

apartments

or

round

head

preservative, for the

Mohammad

"

in

be

the

and

brass

is beneficial

women

been

it to

sieve,

candles,

has

is

in

female, sprinkles, upon

infant's

ceremony

fine mattress,

the

at

all

of salt and

which

alone,

Prophet

salt

this

pestle,

into

operation

small

another

or

she

takes

put

wax

upon

mixture

night

envier."*

our

dayeh,

is

lighted,

two,

that

by the music,
the

through

of

henna,

room,

The

in

cut

of

paste

number

the

accustom

women

by several

accompanied

to

with

this

that

by

doing

afterwards

the

child

it is carried

Next,

hareem,

of

hope

her

fikees

brought, wrapped

repeatedly
the

this,

for

costly ; and,

one

being supposed

its stomach.
the

it

strikes

the

are

or

attended

in
;

is

frightened

mirth,

of

sounds

child

The

be

not

mother,

again

something

or

it may

Aldteeyeh perform,

it

for

her

pay

classes, 'Awdlim

higher

or

the

after

Day)

its mother

el-wilddeh,

occasion

fire.

Seventh
of

The

knrsee

propitious.

handsome

the

below.

the

on

the

friends

of

dry grain, boiled,

the

from

over

243

MAERTAGE.

(or

hareem,

khatmeh,

soon

may

the

in

sing

honey

female

the

families

the

ddyeh,

witli

es-Subooa"

child,

to

evil

prepared

"Yom

In

hired

of

is

Sweetened

the

birth

of

AFTER

(or fenugreek)

tlien

and

FESTIVITIES

"

Yesallee

*ala-n-nebee."
"

"

Rashsh

el-milh.

"

is

for

'

244

shewn

each

to

tied

in

up

side.

This

her

the

similar

be

to

decorate
for

the

During

the

night

water

(a

girl),with
is

placed

and

for her

usual

During

The

ceremonies

cision of

boy

the

cases,

which

the

female

like

after

of the

child.

See

in

middle

or

people

of

the

birth

be

of

Jewish
a

Leviticus

male
xii.

but

to

to

the

most

tray,

the

the

cases,

cording
diflFeringac-

doctrines

the

of

religiously

as

Nifas."

"

At

bath.
the

upon

circumcised

(who

the

in

higher

the

nukoot

describe.

former

with

their

shall

neck,

(in

attendant

that

to

related

manner,

the

next

the

evening,

is called

goes

the

of

of

friends, in

regarded

mentioned

paraded through

is

learned,

is

festivities

dayeh.

upon

the.

childbirth

according

woman

these

private festivity.

forty days,

and

about

been

be

parents

days

")

has

are

boy

muttahir

In

it, the

of

expiration

put
In

"

some

that

round

puts

for

full

in

party of his

mother

here

period

kulleh

who

tray.

of

and

for

sleeps. This,

after

Cairo,

of

sects),the

The

impure.^

occasions

circumstances,

ditferent

the

period

people

to

of

certain

the

among

"

into

other

on

tied

it

women

generally entertains

manner

the

the

of

debt

the

water-bottle

takes, and

dayeh

(merely money)

husband

the

head, while

the

each

or

should

After

for

posing
im-

as

handkerchief

child's

to

presents

boy,

of

its

by

or

donor

child.

given

subooa,

of

case

the

are

the

if the

discharge

of

others

head,

generally used,

are

head-dress

before

it contains,

water

the

thee

esteemed,)

considered

mother,

as

coins

embroidered
the

at

or

The

in the

an

the

is

face,

chief,
handker-

more

child's

the

on

repaid by

child,

dorak

old, the

or

Y IP.

give

embroidered

an

XX

its

at

God

handkerchiefs

the

nukoot

puts

comers,

occasion

same

looks

Mohammad!

(ifpretty

of

offering.

to

years,

the

giving

debt,

give

of

one

lord

usually

coin

gold

present, who

our

and

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

women

bless

long life," "c.,

with

the

of

God,

"O

says,

MODEBN

THE

streets

chapter;

ctrcum-

In

"

called

is
the

manner

that

class of citizens

most

is, if his
;

but

most

religious professions, fikees, and

law

pronounces

child

; but

2, 4, 5.

unclean

woman

double

that

time

during forty
after

bearing

Chap.

XXVIl.

CEREMONIES

rich

Bome

called

notion

clothes,

in

or

o\VTL

good

little

before

Thither

also

muttdhir

the

perform

persons,

more

common

with

some

the

the

person

in

heml.

He

the

Then

"

"

other

boys

Bless,

latter,

boys
walk

by

"

about

of

will

the

Lord,

to

chant

in

relations

boys

three

their

!"

(" kumkum

which

they occasionally sprinkle

A

name

or

! 0

tioned,
men-

until

Arabian

some

Prophet.
The

of

they

as

joy

!"

"

Pleasure

"
"

The
and

again, the former,

"

Apostles."
"

each

are

"

Then,

the

Thus

the

Behind

way.

bearing

on

his

with

chant,

These

or

first

abreast.

four

Light."

of the

rose-water

of the

All

be

the

of

nights

muttdhir.

bottle

the

ing
six fikees, chant-

or

number,

chief of

of them

")'fullof

in

The

servant,

Then,

"

whole

of the

is to

there

parents.

praise

Perspicuous

the

wait

by five

Elect, the

the

(or

bearing

presently

strain, adding,

assembled

the
the

who

described

barber's

pleasure

the

up

with

servant

mosque,

")

half

or

of

of circumcision.

muttdhir's
the

is

of

depart in procession through

followed

nights

Ahmad,*

six

the

of

boys,

take

our

male

then

that

shdweeshes

been

schoolboys, two, three,

friends

continue
the

then

desire, with
"

house

of these

along,

pass

the

in

many

barber

with

who

(" muweshshah

the

follow

foremost

others

procession

ode

six
The

has

their

repair,
as

muttdhir,

ceremonies

is sometimes

lyric

the

to

the

best

of

case,

and

about

which

and

noon-prayers,

streets

of

attends,

assembled

having

their

sej'^yidehZeyneb.

women

el-Ashraf.

(or sign),

of the

account

convey

none

the

the

of

the

sometimes

also

have

they

that

or

family

operation

in

principal mosques,

and

men

Nakeeb

the

"

heml

"

after

Azhar,

the

of

of

ceremony
wiU

account

generally

the

of

himself, and

sergeants)

these

the

if

is

one

the

friends

female

clothes

to

go

following

innttdhir, all dressed

which

enough,

or

performing

"

of the

noon,

245

CIRCUMCISION.

prefer
the

borrowed

Hasaneyn,

his

schoolfellows

The

the

Cairo,

Sirafeh," of which

"

sufficient

in

men,

OF

them
followed

silver

scent-

orange-flower-water,
of

Prophet.

the

spectators

246

THE

each

and

of

the

others

other

odoriferous

walks

with

covered

then, in

and

ooflFee,in

silver

chains)

three

another

coffee-cups,and

zarfs

'*

office,when

it is his

him,

to

gives the

sufficient.

amply
in

place
followed

order

by

another

mibkharahs.

the

the

boy who

He

is dressed

in

girls* clothes,

zaghareet ") ;
salt

sprinkling
an

the

lad

from

envy.

the

of the
moon.

They
and

"

On

order

halting
Thou

"

"

art

Mohammad

the

house

light
my

simply

friend

cries

repeating

before

the
a

this

repeat it again after entering.

The

and
and

of

The

joy

black
to

young

from
at

procession

others

with

in

cast

may

Thou

sun.

(the

employed

door, the

The

address

boy

the

manner,

thou

(that is,

person

art

others.

ill effects

any

"

Behind

turban,

as

is

it

his mouth.

to

light."

above

tablet
:.

two

constantly

and

and

writing

the

of

some

are

kumkums

described

shrill

thought,

next

they

between

prevent

sidered
con-

the

schoolmaster.

or

is

honoured

handkerchief

sent
pre-

piaster is

the

before

their

schoolboys sing,

Thou

enter

house.

the

of them

this

eleven

well-dressed

with

muttdhir,

to

by

nothing

Sometimes

handkerchief

it is

of

pot

or

occupy

exception

him,

In

half

by

zeffeh

raising

behind

which,

at

the

the

one

eye,

arrives

"

and

evil

neck

by

ten

thus

person

boys

ornaments),

him,

sUver

by

boy bearing

embroidered

folded
follow

women
"

women's

Next

instance),to fill,and
the

of

in the

with

now

street.

carries

passes

procession.

it walks
as

the

shdweeshes

his

to

in

third

in return

occasion

either

with

decked
holds

bears

for

The

the

water

gives water,

tray, with

the

and

group

hung

for

ornamented

follows

Next

muttahir,

of the

of

the

silver

shop,

something

servant

of

(or chafing-dish suspended

a

coffee

boys

he

carri^

procession

of

cup

"

of silver

the

(one sitting at

person

these

of

bears
"

these

skin

some

or

With

back,

passengers

'dz'kee

**

frankincense,

napkin

one

perfnining-vessel

burning.

his

on

to

cups,

servants

is

embroidered

brass

three

follow

bearing,

an

silver

benzoin,

substance,

sakka,

which

in

(^^mibkharah")

bearing

XXVn.

Chap.

EGYPTIANa

MODERN

the

most
foreart

add,
eyes

"

!""

Prophet

boys

go

up-

Chap.

XXVII.

stairs

the

others
O

''

repeat,

"

his

them

given

hold

to

is

'areef,"

muttahir

the

and

what

recites

is termed

by him

tliis is chanted
is in

It

boys.
effect

be

futurity,

and

"

tread

the

spread

black

He

"

ness

earth

of

other

following

and

price :

God

thou,

my

mother,

my

"

and

mom

me,

seated,

"

Of

has

receive

God

"

taught

the

every

grateful epithet.

Our

fakeeh

'The

Kews

he

never

his

"

The
The
This
of

:'"

may

"

Virgin Mary.
daughter
and

the

chapters

of the

following
of

occasion, learn

the

'*

Prophet.
words

Kur-an,

in the

reverse

Zeyneb

us

with

The

order

of

care

Paradise

greeted.
he

may
us

have
far

as

as

of the

Imdm

"

*Alee.

fikee."

boys,
their

and

"

blessings lose.

daughter

Vulg.
the

"

taught

inverted

distinguished by
which

present

"

in

Fdtimeh^

alphabet

hast

thou
:

of

anxious

thee

and

has

speed

Paradise

see

to

reward

thine

for

"

I may

grant
and

learned

has

in

place

stories

the

"

"

boy

attentive-

with

withhold

and

"

this

grant

accounts

up

darkness

learning, 0 father,

thee

thanks

He

youth

not

my

give

by Maryam^

and

fakeeh*

Our

eve

cast

should
"

the

This

"

the

vault,

history's pages,

ages.

gold.

in

Kur-an

and

past

knoweth

He

"

May

"

Sole, the

the

heaven's

the

read

spell, and

to

"

paid

former

the

the

when

work

salt.

and

Kur-An,

modem

read,

silver

money,

titles

the

clause

the

to

The

this, then

do

each

:"

obscurity.

exalted

to

"

father, therefore,

'his

"

with

knoweth

its

and

happiness,
the

in

and

"

ocean

and

and

Tvrite

ant,

o'er the

read

to

"

ancient

(together

Creator,"

He

"

things

formed

long-life and

"

it.

they

is

mented
orna-

of

and

Mighty

Conservator:
veileth

the

of

vigilant.

"

the

repeated by

rhyme;

the

God,

to

the

of

shawl

middle

es-sirafeh
then

kd'ah,"

"

"

Forgiver,

"

unmeasured

maternal

and

up,

go

"Praise

of

round

by while

first,and

his

Kashmeer

school, who

khutbet

"

thou

the

in

they

as

entering the

it all

stands

women)

On

"

placed

the

of

head^boy

or

hareem,

hold

they

writing-tablet
*'

the

of

former,

aunt

his sirdfeh."

prepare

principal apartment

or

The

below.

paternal

247

CIRCUMCISION.

OF

remain

thou

Come

aunt

CEREMONIES

as

I have

commas

mentioned

arrangement,

the

are

after

on

having

218

THE

Our

fakeeh

he

be

ever

has

far

us

fakeeh

the

as

taught

The

tattle."
Cow

:'

fakeeh
too.

he

may

"

God*s

here
^

Banks,'
about

out.

To

old

basin

and

"

the

which

barber
the

then

on

side

one

the

on

and

muttahir

other.

is

their

hareem,
to

learned

then

their

first

the

is

named,

The

looking-glasses.

The

37th

'

What

account

chapter

follows
sirafeh
in

this
and

foi*mer

The
the

are

The

standing

rather

say,

turned
Take

"

expressions^the
their

writing-tablet,

give the

nukoot

the

and

handkerchief.

placed

now

fikee

The

seat.

who

servant

the

on

the

to

on

is rested

cup,

into

The

female

house.

which

holds

floor

chapter

of

The

"

The

the

visiters

also dine

men

boys
;

and

"

News

to

the

amuse

guests put
in

dine

dine

the

below,

all of them.

and

is

67th, 55th, 36th, 18th, 6th,

is said

the
and

78th

the

2nd.

ladies.

Eur-an.

describes

after

"

The

This

of the

the

homes.

chapter.

afterwards

the

barber.
leave

after

placed

the

for

and

go

it

of

top

nukoot

others,

of

the

and

married

ye

'

on

to

you

and

in

heml

The

turban

shoes,

collected

him,

of

Our

"

women

absurd

ornamented

down,

go

llie

pray."

afterwards

the

stands

heml

the

upon

old

should

these

of

now.

dalous
scan'

Chapter

old

ye

of

commend

the

with
we

and

ever

as

and

"

"

beaten

wash

are

Here

"

be

chanting

nukoot,

below.'

protected.

far

and

"

taught

subject
as

as

us

he

has

green,
"

ever

serene.

may

"

glasses.*

by

pray,

:'

us

of

the

and

ever

future

lasses!

however,

.ewer

drop,
boys

"

to

in
coat

"

virgin

women,

women

The

you

be

the

be

he

taught

fakeeh

taught

honoured,

of

be

ye

the

has

has

Our

"

fakeeh

may

"

Cave

ne'er

he

eye-paint

ought

ye

During

be

collected

that

"

ever

the

by

care

ladies

fakeeh

surrounding

ye

as

have.

Our

:'

years

The

may

"

merits

amply

"

:*

and

days

Providence

Cattle

"

fakeeh

:'" may
Our

good opinion.

Our

"

far

as

Dominion

Compassionate

his

may

"

of

blessings
far

The

The

'

as

world's

as

far

as

the

far

has

'

us

XXVII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

proportionate.

Ya-Seen

with

as

rewards

as

Our

taught

blest

taught

enjoy

as

has

MODERN

the

chapter.

more

the

ceremonies
common

which

zeffeh,of

are

which

performed
I have

both

giren

an

250

other

the

time

Nakeeb

the

that

each

of

small

and

admitted.

completely

and

Sheykh,

recited,

of

his

"

(the

admitted

is

There

by
here
and

termed

**

only

remain
death.

These
and

following,
customs

of

binding

of

the

will

or

described

be

be

the

concluding
Muslims

He

kisses

of

the

gives

shedd

"

elthus

person

bound.

subject

Egypt.

of

and

called
the

and

yonng

hand

the

third

The

tied.

is

the

my

Then

tradesmen,

youth)

the

meshdood,"
to

is

ceremony

"

weled

bow

fellow

This

fee.

tied.

is

knot

second

is

F4t'hah
thus

is

man

and

saint,

great

XXVII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

THE

account

ceremonies

of

occasioned

separate
of

the

chapter,
manners

251

CHAPTER

DEATH,

When

learned

sometimes
that
and
is

he

generally
deity

no

also

common

during

God
for

that

own

grave

him.

under

fatal

sand
made

in his

it, wrapped

exception
trench
the

he

of

mueddins

the

the

announce

the

"

face, with
waits

of

Abrdr

account

of

second

of the

the

It is

happen
his

make

privation, or

or

or

death,

possible,or,

if not,

if

such

his

as

himself

up

relieve

him

then,

lies down

grave,

taken

panions,
com-

case),and

covers

to

to

even

his

carry

it

does

or

for his recovery

in

sand

for death

in

in

with

the

making

the

trusting

to

his burial.
the

eminent
and

Azhar,

event

the

There

"

his

grave-clothes,and

one

any

sand,

to

desert, when

is allowable
the

desert,

has

(with water,

in

complete

to

When

called

of his

thus

wind

trench

the

wait

cannot

dust, which

or

the

by fatigue

disease, in

faith,

Apostle."

unfrequently

overcome

ablution

the

military expedition,

circumstances,

any,

the

performs

having

on

prayer,

bodily purity

of

of

die, he

to

before

as

is God's

Not

completely

if he have

with

profession

Muslim,

traveller, in such
:

he is about

state

Mohammad

with

grave-linen

he

in

long journey, especially in

sinking

feels that

life

repeats the

but

RITES.

ordinary ablution,

from

depart

may

FUNERAL

Muslim

the

performs

he

AND

pious

or

XXVIII.

Tlama

those

by chanting
;" the

on

of which

Periodical

several
the

from

observed

customs

chapters

words

of

of -Cairo

Public

mosques,

mad'nehs

I have

during

other

dies, the

given

Eamaddn,

the
in
in

Festivals, "c.

cry

the
the

"

252

THE

attendant

ceremonies

The

nearly the

the

in

same

rattles in the throat,

the

at

point of death,

exclaim,
God.

God

To

God

have

; and

The

wilwal

"

or

the

upon

that

!"^

lion !"^

"

camel

resource!"^
clothes

of the

to breathe
bed

"0

the

deceased

are

mattress,

and

women

continue

their

females

of

or

the

house

"

"0

as

them

in this

he

as

my

"

has

The

ceased

suit, placed on

with

lamentations

"O

are

who

soon

over

cries

misfortune!"'

in another

covered

calling

"

my

off

"

broughtest
burdens,") "O
my
O
!""
glory
my
my

my

!""

taken

0 thou

"

the

family, from

children,

sheet.

and

neighbourhood, hearing

with

to unite

come

and

carried

he is attired

return.

common

of

in

but

welweleh

"

most

master

(that is,

father!"*

my

and

wives,

hast
of

The

the

of

!"'

camel

provisions,and

my

deceased.

or

spirit has
generally

family, at

called

of

direction

piercing shrieks, and

most

death

wife,

0 my

"

the

the

the

on

his

lips of

master

of

name

heard

are

the

;" uttering

other

must

we

is

man

power

of the

women

the

some

the

nor

Him

to

"

time, raise the cries of lamentation

same

or

attendants

strength

no

him."

on

mercy

is

belong

we

that

before

after,the male

! There

AlMh

"

shew

(his wife,

Even

eyes.

are

When

women.

symptoms,

XXVUI.

burial

and

to place his face in the

the moment

departed, or

and

men

attendant

an

his

closes

and

Mekkeh,*

of

other

round

him

person,) turns

death

upon

cases

or

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

of

many

the

his
The

the

conclamation,

melancholy task.

Generally,

also, the

send
for two
or
more
family of the deceased
neddabehs
(orpublic wailing-women'**)
; but some
persons
of
this custom
to avoid unnecessary
disapprove
; and
many,
conform
do not
it. Each
with
neddd.beh
brings
expense,
"

"

Some

Muslims

turn

the

head

of

the

corpse

in

the

direction

others, the rightside^incliningthe face in that direction

is the

the

Mekkeh

general custom.

"

Ya

seedee."

"

"

Ya

gemelee."

"

Ya

seb'ee."

"

"

Ya

gemel el-beyt."

"

"

Ya

'ezzee."

'

"

Ya

heeletee."

"

abooyi."

"

"

Ya

dahwetee

"o

of

Ya

Sec

2 Chron.

xxxv.

25 ; Jer. ix. 17 ; and

St*.
Matt.

**

(for "

ix. 23.

latter,I believe,

daawetee

").

Chap.

XXVIII.

ivith

her

tar"

several

times,

handsome

and

sometimes

cry

in

the
the

day

in

is

the

brought

during
a

lamentation
the

to

the

night,

complete

khatmeh.

The
with

bench,

The

fikees

(if the

who

were

middle

order,) are

during

the

that

latter

chant,

the

clothes

"

apartment
Soorat

of the

is bound

The

house
but
2

It

washed

latter
is

by

the

have

night

having

after

woman.

necessary

are

the

to

in

sit

and

of

the

an

Kur-an

perform

to

comes,

soon

and

bier.*

of

or

the

These,

house.

ing
adjoin-

apartment

the

without

recite,

them

of

fikee

the

and

funeral-procession

placed, or

the

of

Burdeh,"

"

door

rather

or

his

been

perquisite.
The

closed.

and

I have
that

to

burying

witnessed
the

to

one

corpse

keeping
the

dead

instance
a

The

the

upon

of

off

the

jaw

ablution

ordinary

performed

celebrated

takes

washer

The
are

death,

state

following
night,

corpse,

to

superstitious objection
done

the

afternoon,

(or 6th chapter of the Kur-an)

which

eyes

is sometimes

hardly
a

the

until

is

corpse

respectable rank,

of

Prophet.
;

to prayer

Egyptians

during
the

part

deceased
and

up,

preparatory
*

chant

them

the

some
"

el-An'dm

the

dead)

in

brought

and

in

the
the

is

the

employed

places

person

corpse

is

wailing

women

are

part

now

This

chapters

of

washing,

the

praise of the

in

poem

of

which

of the

washer
he

also

process

in

of

faces,

own

all the

other

fikees

take

to

are

their

"

remain

recite

(or

his

turban,

dishevelled,

morning,

buried

to

which

upon

deceased

others

"

!"

happened

the

several

mughassil

"

it

with

house
or

the

nedd4beh8

the

case,

in

is not

deceased

of

hour.

an

if

but

-^

hoop

tars, exclaim,

tresses

him

for

place

day

this

continue

took

the

night,

at

or

Alas

the

relations, domestics,

their

(with

least

at

female

clothes),beating

**

same

the

to

praise his

and

"

the

rent

manner,

death

!"

deceased

continued

generally

is without

attached

are

him
and

with

like

buried

the

of

which

for

"c.

person,

friends

If

Alas

"

which,

n,edddbehs, beating their

The

tar.

common

and

metal

253

BITES,

(or tambourine),

tinkling plates of
tlie

FUNERAL

AND

DEATH,

corpse,

corpse

after

in the
sunset

of it.

female

is

always

254

the

with

exception

whole

the

properly,

nostrils,

with

sprinkled
and

of the

hands

placed

The

piece,

The
muslin

piece

of

then

of

in cotton

similar

of
is

colours
green

but

above

is

blue.

to

over

with

persons

who

are

arrange

themselves

covered

processions
The
"

first

Yemeneeyeh
three

or
or

tone,
1

poor
'

The

the

The

Temple

kefen

red

are

slowly, they

of

the

to

the

and

order.

over

woman

and

what

or

interment

for

is

as

usually

shawl.

The

funeral-procession

The

"

in

white

are

Kashmeer

the

The

bier, which

other

or

in

yelek.

blue,

except

or

and

of

corpse

bag.

next

of

first in

intermixed,

with

the

of

wrapped

body, prepared
in

kind

texture

The

used,

consists

man

grave-clothes

compose

thus

profession

and

added

are

together

clothed

the

funeral-

common

more

then

described.
about

blind

three, together.

leaves

instead

shawl.

is

;" mostly

and

rather

cotton

for

in

persons

corpse

rose-water.

together,

generaUy

and

placed

to

The

camphor,

merely

silk

usually

be

may

is

thicker

I'he

is

described,

the

of

the

with

poor

of

colour

any

approaches

cloth
of

approved

most

is

Kashmeer

rank

middling

and

stuff, merely stitched

wrapped

and

leaves

of

;* or

cotton

of wealth

stuff

palm-tree)

boiled.*
;

bound

are

warm

leaves

pounded

pounded

grave-clothing,

man

striped

kuffcdn

these

cotton

nose,

breast.

pieces, of

of

corpse

of the

been

nabk,

ankles

the

or

two

or

The

upon

kefen,"

"

and

dried

nabk.

the

of

and

foot, with

some

have

with

month
to

which

of water,

leaves

other

fibres

(or

in

stnffed

mixture

head

"

sidr,")

"

the

of

from

water

are

pounded

Sometimes,
those

with
or

"c.,

ears,

leef

"

"

nabk

("

lote-tree

dried

washing

the

with

and

soap,

more

or,

of

XXVIII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

body is well washed,

and

water

is

MODEBN

THE

chant

of

the

lote-tree,dried

six
;

or

who

more

proceed

Walking

men,

poor

at

moderate

incessantly,
faith

(" There

and

pulverized,

in

two,
pace,

melancholy

is

are

and

two

called

no

often

deity
used

but

by

the

in

the

of soap.
is often

of Mekkeh.

sprinkled

with

water

from

the

well

of

Zemzem,

Chap.

XXVIII.

God:

is

Mohammad

Mm

but

!"); often,

La

lah

la

Sal

relations

cases,

by

the

at

funeral

more

one

Kur-dn),

or

These

kerchief.
than

the

the
the

"c.

judgment,

Sub

The

ha-

na

following

men

is

to

of

chant, in

usually

the

air here

the

noted

Wa-*a-

an-sha-s-su-war

translation

of

of

copy

thirty

formed

of

called

poem

the

voice

last

day,

"

l-*e-bad*

the

th^

livelier

of

events

(or

or

embroidered

an

and

words

some

many

four

"

of

with

some

custom

or

of desk

higher

general

one

darweeshes,

three

kind

in

mus-haf

"

lem

by

of

follow

upon

descriptive of

Hashreeyeh,"

"

is

generally

over,

boys

Yemeneeyeh,

This

-lu-1-

sel

and,

sect

consisting

placed

wa

followed

some

save

dur-ra-soo

deceased,

carries

and

"

hi

are

Next

volume

covered

palm-sticks, and

ley

order.

of whom

Kur-an,

of the

sections

-ma-

of

darweesh.

schoolboys
the

of

of

Mo-ham

the

of

persons

flags of their

the

bearing

'a

bless
:

They

friends

more

or

hu

words.

and

two

la

God

follows

il-la-1-lah:

other

male

as

255

RITES.

Apostle:

always,

ha

FUNERAL

God's

not

la-1

sometimes,

or

AND

DEATH,

bi-l-mot

ka-har.

of

commencement

this

poem.

[I extol] the perfection of

bringeth

Who

They

"

"

observed
is not

his servants

subdued

And

shall

*A-l-'ebad

(from
in the

nought

to

all lie in the

"

the

is

by

literarydialect

death

[all]his
graves

vulgar

specimen

who

Him

here

hath

created

whatever

hath

form

with

creatures

mankind

contraction,

given,

of Arabic.

in

for

the

"

'ala-l-'ebdd."

first two

-It

lines,) that

will
this

be

poem

258

THE

if he

him,

did

astonishing
are

to

Wahhdbees

mourning
coverings
The

of

assemblage

who

the

have

of four

group

(the 6th

These

chapter).
"

hdb

el- Ahzdb,"

who

the

order

chants

group

banners

of

shes.

Then

This

was

lib. ii. cap.

by

to

the

spoken

pointing
God."

with

the

often

and

his
0

the

"

Apostle

God,

the

God

the

and

chapter);

"

faith

bier, say,

and
"

"

singing

called

four

God

As-

founded

or

of

more

of the

Hezb

and

testifythat

them

flags, the
of

darwee-

the

female

by Herodotus,
corpse

is most

submission."

After

it is described

God

"

Esh-Shaarawee

roads, when
and

44th

(the

bier, and

great !

most

promised
our

18th

half-furled

Egyptians :

"

chapter) ;

of prayer.

the

another

36th

principal orders

streets

is

have

el-An'am

group

Hezb

more

the

of

increase

finger at

or

ancient

in
"

say,

the

school-boys,

the

of

Passengers

"

tomb,

truth.

other

or

custom

God

two

follow

85.

is what

but

one

of

particular form

borne

generally

are

another

and

Soorat

persons

similar

who

follows

generally

friends

religious orders

are

es-Sdddt

Hezb

of the

Esh-Shdzilee
each

There

Sheykhs.

celebrated

described

munshids,

certain

Ye-

Next

(the

some

of

the

persons

(the
"

poor

varied

sometimes,
"

four

the

male

ed-Dukhan

by

members

are

and

Soorat

these, by

"

person
or

to

faith, as
some

the

are

devout

el-Kahf

followed

are

;" and

Burdeh

the

by

the

chanting

another,

by

Yd-Seen

"

head-

three

these

of

of the

bier,

and

funeral.

Kur-an)
Soorat

"

of

or

numerous

and

the

Soorat

"

the

chanting

another,
and

the

chanting

group,

the

of

chapter

learned

seen

their

give

to

more

fikees, chanting

more

or

followed

attend

to

water

profession

some

and

wealth,

foremost

generally

invited

been

the

and

deceased,

of

The

chant
are

Prophet
Muslims

preceded by

and

composed

persons.

They

above.

is

and

meneeyeh,

of

man

is

mud.^

with

classes, is sometimes

tomb

the

sometimes

bare),

were

It

classes, following

lower

camels, bearing bread

at the

have

XXVUT.

state.

of

precepts

"

besmeared

bosoms,

and

middle

more

of

the

of
funeral-proceseiion

of the
or

excepted.

(which

faces

future

by all classes of the modem

of

their

the

of

some

alone

women

having

how

see

in

them,

possess

day violated

every

the

not

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

great

his
"

there

is

borne

That

Apostle
The
is

have

women,
no

deitv

Chap.

XXVIII.

FUNERAL

mourners,

the
A

in

as

led

distributed
The

such

of

is still

farther

honoured

Women

follow

air
"

after
with

the

proceed
which

on

the

of

shrill

and

bearers

saint

in

describing
a

friends.

Some

"

tomb

to

of

the

which
to

It

seems,"

leads

said

shall

what

being

impetus,
efforts

the

and

in

vain

dead
turn

his

to

several

saint, said
it

round

to

to

saint

himself,

the

through
and

the

times.

and

comrades

all much

were

en-Nasr

They

consult
a

them,

quickly

and

distance
"

Let

us

several

perplexed
did

they
few

not

and

paces,
such

an

their

experiment

they

then

placed
of

one

the

them,

bier

ing
beckon-

beyond

the

hearing

take

the

bier

times

but

gate-way

same

is

sheykh

of Bdb

caprice. Retreating

corpse

rest

mentioned.

the

cemetery

Bdb

themselves

found

that

north

called

above

"

my

welee

quick step, they thought, by

the

the

unsuccessful;

ground

away
the

force

were

repeated
on

to

They

as

his

bearers,

of

the

on

dead

one

of

gate

they
pause

in the

?"

do

we

with

advancing

the

following

corpse

the

at

cemetery,

buried

by

spot

impels

puzzling
me

cannot

welee
The

for

the

to

great cemetery

arriving

the

of

one

immediately yield to
then

the

on

obstinate

as

lately bearing

the

this

to

to be

not

to

further, from

proceed

determined

but,

of

related

was

it in

for

prepared

unable

but

were

metropolis

en-Nasr,

and

men

mode

ingenious

called

they

"

the

rend

but

is

they

as

joy

them

rivets

power

"

custom.

of

that

protest

of

welee

"

they

cries

great
bier

wailing,

particular spot.

kind,

of this

case

to

an

of

often, it is said,

Very

of his corpse

discontinued

are

bier

the

remarkable

instead

cries

supernatural
stand.

by

quavering

the

of

shawl.

the

of
and

is to

procession.

one

ordinary mortal,

an

these

if

they

anecdote,

*'

corpse

bearers

that

with

but,

of

or

haps,
per-

of rank.

men

the

attended

funeral

bier

his

zaghdreet ;" and

minute,

his

in

the

sheykh,

and,

its flesh

closes

sometimes

covered

be

where

tomb,

numerously

not

the

the

at

devout

described;

bearers, if these

poor,

more

is

person

would

the

to

funeral

*Ulama,

the

of

sacrificed

be

before

procession

horses

buffalo, to

be

the

259

RITES.

up

till

the

of

again,
sheykh

2G0

THE

giddy

becomes

This

did

they

'I'ho
and

biers

boys

with
the

to

called

several

the

braids
worn

of
of

is flat and
of

to

the

of black

by

back

female

gold

of

gold

or

the

"

to

is used

their

the

on
"

kurs

of

along

ornaments

higher class,
"

(or

of

with

diamonds,

"

over

bier

crown

saU

as

piece

attached

with

the

Bof

the

avoid.
females

covered

placed

set

addition

or

is

are

and

fuminhed

are

upright

FnnBle

"

of

spread,

middle

is often

on

suspended

is
an

gate."

to

corpses

it, when

of the

silver
worn

ladies, in

is

head-dress

or

is

sillc with
the

female

the

eh"bid
of

striven

80

shawl

CoipH

The

part

the

-we

expected,

They

head

ut the

clrcnlar,

ia

had

men.

the

cunvcfuca

gold, which
:

at

upper

body

ornament

embossed

are

the

ornaments

top, which
round

to

of

they

as

of

which

"shShid."

and

Ibe

fur

he

those

over

and

uHd

puzzled

XXVIIl.

direction

easily through

him

conveyance

from

in what

know

not

was

the

wood,

man

will

place which

the
for

of

of

convey

saint

different

Un

the

nsed

cover

wood,

may

Cbap.

EOTPTIANS.

take

we

in

are

bier

shawl

buried

quietly

then

he

and

going,

are

MODERN

the

(the
or

of

dress)
head-

number

of

each, which

plaits

of

hair.

XXVm.

Chap.

by

wound

round

young

boy, is
of

corpse

of

arms

very

also often

and

man,

the

funerals

the

only preceded by
faith,

of the
followed
of

world

wealth,

of the

I have

lady.

Two

"

the

headed
chanted

in

the latter

after

of

walked

which

strips
two

of

various-coloured

Turkish

gilt silver

other

bearing,

silver, in which

frankincense,)
used

of
to

their

the

perfume

occasionally sprinkled

This

is

only

the

followed

branch

of

On
or

to

paper.

These

were

tray,

of
a

the

way,
vault.

rose-water.

in funerals

of young

top

on

by
small

the

and
of

gilt

(as benzoin,

vessels
and

the

of

with

"mibkharah"

These

the

rose-water

substance

side

followed

bearing,

one

"

nabk

"

each

cane,

by
Next

Kur-an.

ornamented

sepulchral
with

These

hoops

"

who

manner.

of the

staff

flag,

green

Yemeneeyeh,

large

tall

kind

unmarried

young,

deceased.^

kumkum

on

borne

in

of this

several

burning.

contents

was

description

eight, were

odoriferous

some

was

"

similar

on

the

short

solemn

and

by side

soldiers, side

tray,

and

station

the

chapter

of

attached

were

profession

large, furled,

about

bearing

person

round

odour

of

bearing

man

emblem

an
(or lote-tree),

him

number

usually

deceased

funerals

that

low

chanting

was

in

deceased

the

give

decorous

bearing

in

were

of fikees,

group

I shall

was

unusually

an

the

or

is

the

of the

unless

procession, preceding

fakeers, who
a

it

each

men,

in
;

bier

considerable

and

genteel
:

The

safa.

tomb

funeral-processionis distinguished

the

witnessed

of

case

shawl

chanting

display.

most

and

the

to

relations

of

or

the

the kurs

boys, the

mourners

case,

additional

one

that

of

in

which,

shawl,

head.

and

male

some

female

in which

some

of

by

distinguished

Kashmeer

with

Yemeneeyeh,

the

family

by

and

by

females

of

red

covered

man's

is

boy

is carried

merely
on

with

child

borne

bier

of

shahid,

decorated

young

very

small

In

top of the

the

of

formed

generally

tnrban,

Ider

The

back).

the

down

hanging

261

RITES.

FUNERAL

diffused

or

the

afterwards

were

Passengers
Next

persons.

were

followed

262

THE

four

small
"

each,

men,

The

shdhid

bier

having, besides
its flat top,

the

deceased,

for

the

seven

The

the

foot,

on

two

bably,

three

or

hired

the

followed

first

two

me

hands,
Each

I wetted

and
of the

the

other

censer),
jewels

next

the

on

bore

two

shdhid

of the

ladies, mounted

several

neddabehs,
rites and

tomb,

and

deceased

the

residing

the

after

to

in

that

generally
save

fortably
uncom-

into

quantity
with

them

of

of

my

custom.

perfume

(or hanging

frankincense.

and
were

The

two.

very

'dz'kee

The

costly description.

asses,

performed
of

any

is

the

to

with

together

unless

venerated
carry

time, and

his
avoid

he

in

was

sanctuary
corpse

to

unnecessary

and

mosque,

be

northern

usually carried,
;

the

in

faneral, remain

Hasaneyn
to

near

friends

mosque,

the

of

small

silver

followed.

metropolis, the body

mosque

bier

the

one

dress

high-saddled

on

ceremonies

died

only

Yemeneeyeh

and

silver mibkharah,

each

this

it, according to

charcoal

burning

Eleven

The

carried

two

with

my

in

of rose-water,

my

with

bier,

being, pro-

by

kumkum

wet

poured
face

the

two

passengers
to

as

he

which,

after

the

profusely

so

silver

on

th.e

funeral-procession of

high rank,

of

of

ladies

and

; these

slaves, walking

each

bore

they sprinkled

Turk

by six black

slaves

honoured

his

the

funerals

asses

wailing

were

another

of

daughter

in

high-saddled

them

of

about

followed
covering, "fec.),
custom

of

borrowed

number

of

manner

upon

jewels

case,

in

mourners,

common

on

the

ornament

the

were

is often

usual

moumers.-In

were

the

silk

mounted

female, the

which

is

as

but

country,

black

the

head

of the

(a long

its

and

forehead), and,

These

as

female

in

the

kurs.

perhaps,

clad

almds

over

diamond

were,

eight,

(with

Egypt

last

or

worn

"

of

paste

shawls,

ornaments

kussah

"

of

lumps
rich

with

handsome

safa, a

occasion.
or

not

rich

covered

with

the

in

stuck

tray, several

small

upon

wax,

was

diamonds,

and

gold

and

of

decorated

was

bore,

XXVIII.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

whom

of

lighted tapers

henntt."

of

MODERN

described."

quarters

If

of the

preference, to
a

any

poor

in

man,

which

at

the
not
case,

neighbouring
expense.

If he

'

Chap.

XXVIII.

"Was

FUNERAL

of the

one

his corpse

humble),
El-

The

Azhar.

generally
Zeyneb,
of

floor, in the usual

the

kibleh,

the

of

the

mosque

it

and

the

**

this

they

this, he

his

of

exclaims
and

head,

extremities

of

muballigh
the

repeats

the

Fdt'hah,
after

which

give

in Cairo.
'

This

second

he

adds,

Prophet,

the

form

Those

of

is the

has
"

"

AUahu

meaning

been
Akbar

exclaims,

God, bless
his

and

other

The

tekbeers.

used
sects

nearly

are

explained
I"

commonly

"

or

ears

in

God

assigned

to

the

with

the

The

individual

of

they

also

recites

the

as

-then

great !"

Mohammad,

most

the

Companions,
the

most

and

common

to this.

former

is most

side

lord

similar

or

more

great !"

Shafe'ees,as being

the

the

each

is

and

"

Having

God

"

or

on

same,

Imdm

our

Family

by

the

'

words

time.

each

and

does

Imdm

time

of prayer

of the

"tekbeer"

exclamation

the

commences

two

is most

exclamation

behind

for

of his

God

"

mosque.

"

hands

lobes

on

present :"

same

his open

the

thumbs),

subsequent

and

Illiterate'

(raising

this

the

at

over

touching

his

congregation
after

do

prayed

for

tekbeers,'

present :"

here

the

the

here

Muslim

deceased

behind

these

four

of

prayer

Muslims

often

are

the

the

it with

prefacing

feet.

men

Tmdm

the

at

from

excluded

as

mosque,

the

behind

"

Imam

"

bier, facing

Imdm),

disposed, the

thus

dead

over

deceased

corpses

said

being

the

themselves

range

seldom

The

upon

side towards

right

the

the

laid

is

of

of
of

words

funeral

reciting

prayer,

the

"
"

holy

the

left side

servant

are

the

over

purpose

funeral

of very

tombs

with

standing apart,

women

prayer

the

of Mekkeh.

the

the

of the

congregation

the

and

(to repeat

occasion

The

"

the

reason

others, is

mosque,

of prayer,

before

the

direction

the

or

kibleh
"

attendants

Imam

place

stands

muballigh

The

the

at

up

into

brought

bier, being

The

to

preference

offered

The

saint.

especiallysuccessful.

are

persons

in

mosques

mosque

metropolis
the seyyideh

of

mosque

celebrated

other

great

of the

parts

the

to

ever
profession,how-

to the

taken

southern

dead

prayers

learned

usually

of the

of any

such

the

that

is

their

that

to

choosing

belief

people

carry

or

(that is, of

'Ulama

263

EITES.

chapter,

as

being

the

great 1"

epithet

"

Ummee

;"

for the

264

save

them

great

!"

and

"

then

thy

of

world,

loved, and

hast

there

companion

no

thine

apostle

God,

he

best

with

if he

of

thy

and

were

grant that
him

wide

security

of

and

!"

mercy

not

lead

and

all the
Thus

he

finishes

left with

and
mercy

his

the

respecting

testimony
assert
was

probably

the

that

revealed

to

of

"

close of the

at the

persons

present,

him."

They

illiterateness
him

but

of

the

he

reply,

Mohammad

proper

safely

time,

the

God,

whole

on

his

on

meaning

!"

of

the

prayers.

proof
this

"

right

and

was

and

"Give

He

us

him]

you,

says,

was

deny

world

ordinary
"

Im^

him

and

to

shew

done

have

be

Peace

from

experience
who

us

and

your
of

that

the

the

epithet

is

"Gentile."

Or, according

to

It is believed

that

earth

is done

as

we

earth

him

and

those

"

of the

beings

him.

for

may

pardon

have

acceptance

greeting the angels

salutation

addressing

Muslims

prayer

service
him

of the

last

adding,

"

[for the

Lord

the

of God,"

Then,

Kur-an

Muslims,

!"

great

thy

We

the

he

of

and

of

its torment

send

merciful

trial after

into

Thou

fourth

the

him

for

not

us

until

most

is most

God

"

reward

our

for

that

the

good deeds

thine

keep back

grant

art

evil-doings ;

and

grave,

and

mercy

Thou

Then,

exclaims,

him

to

thy

the

of

his

and

need

his

experience

may

thy torment,

from

Paradise,

thy

trial

the

in

intercede

may

Thou

him.

Thou

good, over-reckon

he

He

servant

punishment.

over

the

to

that

thy

become

we

evil-doer, pass

an

mercy

sides

of

doer

his grave

his

that

he

it,

in

and

Thee,

of his

need

repose

whatever

alone
is

hath

He

no

the

experienoeth.

Thou

with

most

servant

all-knowing respecting

abide

hast

from

loved
he

what

is

thy

from

Mohammad

art

supplicating

were

spare

make

that

and

was

deity but

abide.

to

I'hou

if he

God,

and

to

Thee

to

come

gone

he

to

no

and

Thou

whom

and

mercy,

is

and

hath

and

grave,

is

departed

by whom

those

testifythat

hath

God

"

verily this

amplitude,*

its

from

the

of

he

exclaims,

God,

"

servant

and

time

XXVni.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

third

says,

from

darkness
did

the

and

"

He

son

of the

MODERN

THE

against

its sides

one

of my
the

in the

sheykhs,

body
grave

of
;

the

"

its business.'*

wicked

though %his

is
is

painfully oppressed by

always

made

hollow.

the

266

THE

death.
carved
class

turban,
the

on

of the

of

grave

marble

letters

tombs

which

Cairo.

of

mosques

and

in

some,

the

The

tomb

the

vault.

Its

its

right side, or

It

is

outer

should

value

this
be

wrapper

tempt

little earth

is

roofing-stones and

But

one

his

of

case

actions

he

of

son

will

only
2

The

earth

is

upon

that

to

tomb.

face

God

thee

two

He

also

"

:^

angels
that

by

by replacing

Malikees

in the

distance

disapprove

in the

of this

cut

the

office

this

tombs

should

inserted

in the

of

before

of

servant

custom,

the

talkeen

"

the

God

time,

commissioned

"

it.

before

sitting

that, at

! know

directed

"

tomb.

corpse,

cell

perform

dead)

follows

as

its

performed, except
held
responsible for

is not

the

If

be

to

to

the

the

small

the

bricks.

violate

is closed

entrance

upon

Mekkeh.

is rent, lest

upon

it

deposit

crude

to

and

it is laid

this

the

of

sexton

is towards

few

and

over

of

and

arrival

I O
there

respecting
be

low,

and

bricks.
seen

resume

now

bier, and

person

employed

of

handmaid

metropolis

The

shawl,

child, who

young

down

the

remains

ceremony

generally

says

of crude

Like

the

(or instructor

come

Kur-an,
'

fikee

"mulakkin"

tomb,

that

profane

and

the

the

untied

gently placed by

or

singular

burial.
of the

Kashmeer

any

persons

"

the

before

position by

one

more

mostly

are

out
are

inclined

in

supported

Sultans

its environs.

in the

corpse

bandages

so

are

great southern
the

are

opened

place

the

take

assistants

in

the

gilt

There

head-stone.
in

in

funeral.

delay takes

no

corpse,

have

grandees

within

of these

been

having

small

inscriptions

the

of

tombs

some

the

the

on

cemeteries

description of

have

description

The
:

Memlook

and

azure

this

tlie

canopied by cupolas supported

marble

of

tombs

or

Over

"

of note,

person

and

are

of

tomb.

rank

cupola, is generally erected.*

Turkish

ground

upon

handsome

in

with

of

of

other

or

the

sometimes

the

shewing

in

buried

sheykh,

columns

cemetery

the

head-stone,

persons

eminent

the

numerous

or

tarkeebehs,

by four

in

the

person

an

of

Many

two

of

top

building, crowned

square

the

or

is also

head-dress,

other

cap,

XXVIII.

jChap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODERN

opposite
of the

page.

dead.

built

268

XXVni.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODEBN

THE

thee

the

and

thy

like

Lord?'

when

ask

been
of

Apostle

unto

concerning

the

and

Muslims

is

deity

no

will

they

the

during

first
and

visited

be

the

the

funeral
skins

above

hired

former

that

be

of water,
the

to

and

great numbers

"

rah
the

such

rank

funeral

sins^

with

for

The
Wahsheh
deceased

each

ended,

greeted

his

first

of

This

night

(or
being
Termed

the

has

the
then
"

but

not

he

congratulated

after

the

Night

of

left

saghaXr."

burial

is

Desolation)

desolate.

On

this
"

"

in

tioned
men-

"

flesh

el-kaffaof

some

The

deceased

his

the

there

its

happily

called

veyed
con-

sins.*

the

that

three

been

and

great

be

may

the

thither

expiate

of

If

are

also

to

the

being

is called

custom

by

at

or

flock

who

relations

near

that
is

two

slaughtered,

deceased,

prayer

loss, or

"

"

the

of

each.

mentioned,

It

to

and

paid

are

before

distributed.

night

Yemeneeyeh

wealth,

poor,

body

body tortured,

(or the expiation) ; being supposed

minor

the

of bread,

as

of

protection
this

piaster

or

occasion.

an

:* and

camel-loads

is sometimes

buffalo

manner

burial, to the

the

on

that

many

burial-ground,

distributed, after

in like

as

the

my

Apostle

on

funeral

receive
of

person

and

is

there

with

The

"

the

attend

to

perhaps

mentioned.

usually

of

burial

thee

that

the

remain

to

the

and

examined,

persons

tomb:

after

in

of God,

servant

of

ask

Kaabeh

is God's

my

book

direction,

assertion

in the

Mohammad

believed

is

night

angels

two

other

soul

The

"

died

is

they

'The

them,

to

of

book

^e
thee

'El-Islam-

when

;'and

who

ask

they

is my

and

is

concerning thy

Kur-an

and

and

Sleep, 0

'

thee

say

lived

God,

say,

"

God.'

but

ask

brothers

my

I have

and

are

when

is

man

Mohammad

'

them,

to

the

or

Who

truth;

in

Lord/

and

say

The

'

thy Kibleh,

concerning
Kibleh

they

them,

to

thee,

to

say

them,

to

say

veracity;

when

direction, say

is my

religion,

thy

religion ;' and

*God

you,

with

God,'

they

concerning thy Prophet,

thee

sent

when

them,

answer

they

hath

thee

of

is

sated
compen-

life is prolonged.

"Leylet
place
night

Kebalr."

of

the

elthe

fol-

Chap.

XXVIIL

269

BURIAL.
.

"lo-wing

is observed

custom

brought

are

in

milk

the

the

*'

the

soul

is believed

the

to

or

final

(or the
^

classes

and

sect,

iv.):

Mohammad,
the

of

of

state

Some

whose

them

salutations

as

2.

Others

their

tombs

the

the

souls

and

those

who

of believers
in the
written

is uncertain.
raise

5.

dead.

the

of white

hold

also

refused

into

of

called

respecting

the

to

well

the

Well

his

and

they

that

have

by
down

the
to

devil's
their

commonly

the

been
the

to

jaw,

offered
the

in

of

bodies."

be

there

in the
the

prevails in

the

say

is to

forms

souls
the

from

earth

of

more'

whence

; and

being
thrown

according

that

Sale

afterwards

tormented

I believe

well

sound

of

or,

souls

by

earth, and

rock,

green
to

the

Adam,

Others

go

heaven,

to

there

but

4.

dwell

his

in

certain

whose

seventh

of

support

saw

already mentioned,
to

those

that

hand

they

good

of

fancy the

condition

angels

are

also

K"moos,

trumpet,

1.

going

custom

out

heretical.

of the

to

the

Mohammadans.

Others

the

of

heai*d

the

and

right

whither

the

souls
As

in

as

Sijjeen,under

joined again
of Barahoot

the

filthy,they
carried

dead

infidels

of

that

in

drink

manner

gave

3.

[so

of

opinions. For,

the

the

on

branded

all

and

night-journey,he

left.

but

tradition

fruits

heaven,
who

those

and

of God.

call

under

is

are

offered

are

his

on

diately
imme-

paradise
to

the

among

prophet,

days ;
that

that

lowest

Barahoot

they

opinions

they

hell

into

course,*
Dis-

three

into

Mohammad's

from

paradise

interval

liberty,however,

pretended

to

seven

throne

stinking

be

"

Q Preliminary

various

are

common

so

in the

perhaps proceede"l

Zemzem,

Others,

6.
the

which

to

their

believers,concerning

affirming

their

opinion

that

there

in the

called

Others,

Mohammad,

up

of
in

place there, are

dungeon,

tradition
are

as

day,

el-Wahdeh

of the

eat

other

confirm

Adam

destined

for

that

being repulsed

with

graves

And,

birds, which

his

relations,
are

this

but

besides

wicked,

place

last

faithful

spirits,according

Whence

living.

were

birds, under

orthodox

and

Hadram6t,

the

near

graves,

in the

BorhtLt];

first

await

souls

of

state

sepulchres,with

they

condemned

were

remain

they stay

the

heavens

who

of

souls

Sale

resurrection

authority

upper

province

the

the

of those

the

the

Leylet

"

the

third, of

which

of

imagine they

from

the

the

as

the

and

near

their

opinion by

return

crops

before

well

the

visiting,

called

whose

of green

paradise ;

at

wicked

As

the

to

until

given by
judgment are
the
souls
of the
distinguish
They
souls
whose
admitted
are
prophets,

souls

saluting

souls

depart

"

they stay
they please ;

say

good

the
"

that

wherever

to

recite

Kur-dn).

during

body

thus

in the

rest

rivers

then

respecting

second, of martyrs,

the

Muslims

the

first,of

the

the

the

and

then

and

of

with

also

fikees

Solitude).

of

death

died

in which

three

or

repast of bread

chapter

of

is

night

of

opinions

between

of

this

Night

The

residence

appointed prison

doom,^

take

(or 67th

burial, and

for the

appointed

two

sunset,

deceased

to remain

the

after

night

the

"

el-Mulk

At

"

they

where

place

Soorat

house

the

to

till
the

present day.

to

they

opinion

270
Another
is

Eosary),

three

occupies
house

their

"

but

Fdt*hah

lord

:"

Thee

the

are

Thee

words

passing

by

thousand

is

and

sebhah,

the

holding

There

"

themselves,

bead

they
with

perfection of God,

and

thy creatures,
and

commemorating
;"

fingers.
and

them

of

these

After

each

take

coffee.

rested, and

times,

praise :" then,

one

of

one

rest, and

hundred

his

bless, -with

repetition

his

say,

last

commemorate

God

each

thousand,

is

(or

repeat, thrice

sometimes

of

omit

last

God

*'

"

God,

who

next

through

el-

Companions,

All

who

counting

the

completed

Family

deity but

no

repetitions they

Having

happy

They

times,

most

those

egg.

Soorat

*'

opening chapter (the

"

"

composed

el-Falak

say,

add,

negligent."

times,

thousand

his

and

the

times

they

mindful,

the

are

which

to

Soorat

"

and

blessing, the
and

the

three

say

the

three

Mohammad,

them

then

upon

pigeon's

by reciting

Kur-dn),

then

excellent

most

save

and

") ;

above)

of

for

sit

to

sebhah

size

the

in

large apartment,

or

brings

about

(or nightfall),

fifty, assemble

spread for them

ceremony

of the

one

is

they recite

this

court,

the

usually

it

:
'*

'eshe

"

as

many

of them

One

the

After

chapter

not

matting

(mentioned

one."

our

be

the

After

(or

facilitate

to

happiness

of

*'

Sebhah

"

occasion,

as

beads, each

commence

Mulk

the

if there

the

of

state

hours.

house.

of the

thousand

into

four

reception, some

They

"

or,

in front
of

deceased
or

this

on

fikees, sometimes

some

the

performed

of the

entrance

that

called

ceremony,

XXVIlt

Chap.

EGYPTIANS.

MODEBN

THE

"

the

freshed
re-

[I extol] the
number

same

of

times,

they
the

"

say,

beg forgiveness

fifty times,

Eternal

repeat these

thy Lord,
which

and

Lord

Lord

of

they [namely.
the

[that is, from

peace
of the

be

[T extol] the

of theKur-an

words
the

the

perfection of God,

the

"

"

of God,

the

on

beings
^

of

son,

Apostles
the

whole

perfection
Eternal

the

exempting

Christians
a

:" after

which

of the
:"

Lord,

they

then

".[Extol]the perfection of

"

Might;

having

Great

and
or

others]

partaker
and

world

Chapter xxxrii., last

Him

three

!"

verses.

ascribe

of his

praise
*

from

be

Two

that

to Him

godhead]

to
or

God,
three

the
or

XXVIII.

Chap.

more

of them

three

verses

then

recite, each,
Kur-d,n.

of the

companions,
have

"

recited

to

Have

ye

the

soul

Apostles," "c.,
the

sebhah,
the

on

death

of

The

family

make

men

do

they

of the

nights.

This

the

women

with

the

the

as

the

In

the

the

and

elbow,

carpets,

other

to

they smoke,

use

common

Towards

the

close

of

family

their

house,

the

in the

afternoon

the

deceased

also

the

; but

as

is

some,

to

break

the

of

the

to

the

I have

often
or

divisions
in the

of the

tenour

of

of the

the

arms

or

them,

high

as

When

the

deewans.

leave

In
hair

their

if

and,

ornaments,

of

this

of the

portion consisting of

or

text.

for the

or

sake

there
of

the

are

same

ceremonies

ten

less, than

because

fikees

of

Friday-morning

speaking

more,

friends

four

observe

either

in

friends;

male

or

of

women

female

day,
the

funeral,

wailing,

they

somewhat
verses,

the

day, the

three
On

"

in

after

their

where

denotes

verses

of

commence

house, and

tomb,

ten

of

some

upside-down

turn

this

of

some

described

applied

by all,as

blue,

furniture, is dead,

their

again
by

to

of

their

they dye

chambers.

Thursday

khatmeh.

of

pipes.

first

the

token

elderly man

their

the

also

of

evening

or

and

of the

morning

(*ashr)properly

term

hj
with

the

of

perform

which

This

Kur-an

the

on

in

an

and

mourning,

some

reed

of

coverings
in

wear

visit

repair

women

customs
^

and

accompanied

to

We

is likewise

dress

cases,

of

they

deceased

and

employed

ye
*'

ceremony

handkerchiefs,

owner

cases,

often, early in the

the

the

death

latter

walls

while

women,
cease

and,

be

ceremony

hands

the

or

cushions,

mats,

unbraided,

house,

in

the

the

smear

of the

general,

his

rich, is also repeated

indigo

their

dye, stain

same

sometimes

and

asks

of J what

peace

their

in

black, colour, with

master

or

receiving intelligence of

on

others.

for

almost

an

And

houses

two

They reply,

concludes

shirts, head-veils, face-veils, and

of

?"

"

alteration

no

do

nor

add,

their

them

of

one

[the merit

This

on

about

or

relation.

near

mourning
but

done,

deceased

and

third

and

in

performed

of the

the

in

which,

second

This

above.

as

'ashr," ^

"

an

271

DEATH.

transferred

"

it ;

transferred

have

AFTER

CEREMONIES

verses

what

is much

beginning

of the
is

sidered
con-

ment
disagreeand

ending

212

THE

performed
chapters

the

on

cakes

some

or

to

break

bread,

to

repeated

are

and

again,

the

on

the

follow,

next

this

whence

the

"'eeds,** in

grand

two

the

and

Thursday

of

period

forty days

called

is

Friday

next

weeks

complete,
the

after

el-Arba'een,"

"

monies
cere-

two

which

Friday

and.

These

poor.

of the

days

same

ttie

of

tomb;

the

on

the

to

second

generally taking

place

distribute

on

first

and

up,

XXVIll.

Chap.

EGYPTIANS*

periodical public festivals, "c.

on

palm-branch,

MODERN

or

funeral

Guni*at

"

or

el-Arba'een."
.

is

It

customary

female

the

his

and

funeral,

their

of

house

there

of dance.

kind

the

of

Each

flourishes

coarse

three

or

third

rope-girdles;

Having
Muslims

life,

of

similar

as

with

of

a
"

feast

various

the

or

of

thanks

and

the

their

After

it their

upon

there,

occasion.
of

customs

nation
to

Him

my

would
who

the
of

close

tomb,

own

praise

this

the

circumstances

stages and

writer

This

goat, is slain
on

performed

day.

and

to

is

place

manners

infancy

with

body.

and

made,

(a

generally

the

waist.*

dances

the

part

nebboot

manner

and

tomb,

and

the

or

and

of

lamb,

in

period

them,

case,

the

Egypt
the

from

the

described

now

of

account

usually

round

more,

course

sacrifice, and

expiatory

an

visit

women

and

the

or

strange

girdle, generally

depressing

hour

an

in

times

the

day,

for

the

rope

sword

and

after

bosoms,

irregular

an

days

meet

and

palm-stick,

raising

and

about,

for

to

and

halfa,"

"

drawn

in

and

is continued

twice

or

spear,

movement,

dance

as

called
hand

her

three

first

tie

and

deceased

person

faces

Egypt

Upper

lamentation

their

grass

in

long staff),or

pacing

mud

of the

each

daub

with

dress,

of

perform

to

of

peasants

friends

on

They

made

slow

and

relations

together by

the

among

in

dieth

not."
*

See

As

Genesis,
the

Herodotus,

ancient
before

1. 3.

Egyptian
referred

women

to,

did

lib. ii. cap.

in

the

85.

same

case.

"

See

passage

in

274

SUPPLEMENT.

intermixed

become

and
thus

the

number

reduced

its

to

The

but

earlier

of

not

'Ibt :" in the

"

Gubtee,
bear

:
(AtyvTrros)
"

'*

Kubt

Upper
"

several

several

Coptic

has

persons

With

ancient

dead

however,

in

tombs

their

easily

Koobeh

unlike

each

generality

the

to

and

the

Copts,

Muslim

The

The

of

ancient

the

who

and

at

and

is,

marriages
inter-

bear

next

with
the

present,
to these,

notwithstanding,

differ but

countrymen

whole,

the

difference

Egyptians,

Copts

observe

we

Copts

people

are,

the
few

very

paintings

modem

who

but

the

and

fact

genuine Nubians)

other.

of their

ancient

and

in its stead.

the

the

the
The

mentioned.

(or more

Abyssinians

of

liturgy
by

Copts

from

by

not

yet, upon

temples.

for

ancestors

greatest resemblance
the

latter
and

accounted

the

fr"reigners,above

the

have'

it

in

personal characteristics,

of

visited

were

understood

the

city in

Egyptians

Copts

written

and

of

name

commonly,

their

adopted

difference, between

of

the

been

striking points of resemblance,

sculptures

much

has

their

to

Egyptians, judging

the

language,

Arabic

The

Egypt

great

they

language';
being

of

more

which

or

sounds

the"

"

Kibtee,

name

Christian

Emperors.

religious books

respect

the

of

numbers

bourhood,
neigh-

'Ubt

"

these

that

or,

more

its

and

of

(once

Kuft,"

"

Roman

their

the

"

Coptos

"

called

of the

considerable

are

Greek

persecutions with

become

and

from

vast

the

of their

ancient

generally believod

now

lost

altogether

All

is

name

Kubtee,

"

the

Greeks,

;" but

Egypt),

'Ibtee."

to the

it is

which

during

under

some

"

or

in

Their

Cairo

(in

pronounced

Egypt),

retired

and

it is

is derived

Guft,'* to

or

singular

but

been

ancient

with

Kibt

"

parts of

great resemblance

"

other

'Ubtee,"

has

ancestors

intermarried

Kubt

"

their

some

Gibtee,

and

the

of

foreigners.

Gibt,"

"

or

in

and

other

and

"

Gubt

"

race

either

correctly pronounced

Copts

descendants

Christianity having

Abyssinians,

commonly,

Christian

unmixed

an

Miuslinis

amount.

undoubtedly

are

Egyptians,
Nubians,

and

genuine

present small

Copts

ages

of

with

by marriage

the

little
latter

from

being

I.

cWefly

descended

embraced

the

assimilated

Muslim

of

former

"when
the

they

see

Copt

the

country,
to

The

Copts

middle

size

classes

middle
with
marks

kohl

sons

subjoined

note

the

among
The

dress

such

or

wear

cloth

and

thus

to

the

blue,
as

Other

exception.

Copts
of

or

In

silk dress.

distinguish
of
and

gown,

the

towns,

themselves
them

Jews,

wear

who

from

the
are

and

circumcise

of
of

dull

loose

they

are

the
white

blue

the

their

the

the

Muslim
former

colour

colours,

Muslims
red

the

is
and
and

their

over

usually

subjects of

in

to

is observed

shirt,

or

cross

their

among

work,

that

lids
eye-

manner

alluded

and

choose

or

were

same

light-brown

or

the

tattoo

introduce

turban

generally

cotton

the

curly.

higher

orders

this

to

proper

grayish

black

Christians,

the

cloth

wear

is similar

and

the

Copts

by Strabo,

wide

under

prevailed

without

the

villages,many

of the

is

edges of their

usually

73, vol. i.,of

except that

Copts

often

of

of

nose

mummies,

of

"c., in

which

black

the

the

page

to

Copts

Egyptians
black

mentioned

ancestors,

pagan

pale

eyes

and

somewhat

lower

but

practice

is

from

the

of

tudes
latia

the

rounded,

women,

Most

ornaments.'

The

black

speaking,

females,

brown.

hair

faces, hands,

another

and

the

Their

those

and

Egyptian

these

among

from

it is

particular,blacken

their

upon

other

as

in

in different

elongated, slightlyinclining

it appears

Egyptians.

ancient

the

observe, in

varying

always

and

;
or

end, where

as

so,

and

and

thick

and

former

bronze

generally

are,

complexion,

deep

the

at

rather

lips are

of

the

deceived

We

turban.

sullen

marks

often

are

and

and

generally

white

the

upwards,

nose

straight, except
the

in

as

generally large

are

the

from

difficult,

Copt

downcast

themselves

shades

same

colour

yellowish

certain

become

it

find

between

which

in

Copt

have

thus

having

features.

who

Copts

from

difference

any

Muslims

latter, the
of the

in

275

and

Arabs,

countenance

the

and

and

beyond

Egyptian,

expression

Arabs

Copts

perceive

to

COPTS.

the

of

the

to

sometimes,

from

faith

THE

"

careful
but

in

turban.
Turkish

276

SUPPLEMENT.

Sultan,

are

manner

but

Christians,

the

the

respecting

this

their

not

faces,

the

white

generally

wear

the

respectable

is

more

adopted by

many,

The

with

Copts,

sect

called

thelites

"

"

Melekites

of

the

much
even

bitter

church

them

on

the

invaders

expel

the
made

part
of

Greeks.
to

bow;

of

the

their
Their
their

country,

to

of

They

(" Ya'4kibeh,"

enmity
:

the

"),

that

was,

is

the

to

the

great

considered

enmity
suffered

longer

no

of course,

more

received

with

gratified;
heavier

of

with

they

would

united
was

to

of

Greek

name

faith

they gladly

and

the

to

whom

they

of

propagator

by
in

or

from

implacable

an

under

revenge
necks

Council

generally

was

Copts

Mono-

Marcian.

secession

whom
This

marriages.

contract

agreed

the

of

and

the

Melekees

The

with

and

who

proportion

adhered

"

Greeks,

white

Muslimehs.

the

former

or

rise

gave

by

worn

the

but

chief

the

what

from

the

and

persecution,

Arab

were

Copts

is

generally known,
who

they

The

Christians

"

was

Those

because

by

are

from

veil

Emperor

who

Syrian,

Constantinople.

orthodox

between

they

when

house,

orders, in public,

are

Jacobites

(" Melekeeyeh,"

of

majority

of

"

veil

women

Monophysites,

the

of

doctrines.

Koyalists,"

Emperor

condemned

distinguished

were

say,

faith,

Greek

which

Baradaeus,

"

the

reign

"), by

Eutychian

faith

the

the

notes

present.

small

of

ginally
ori-

historical

imitate

to

adopt

to

black

are

ladies

exception

appellation

Yaakoobees

the

''

in
the

Jacobus

desire

was

European

the

the

black

married

creed

in

lower

the

Jacobites, Eutychians,

Chalcedon,
received

the
or

whose

the

of

the

of

veil

from

Bomish

profess the

also

Syrian

which

Copt

relations,

near

females

ladies, and

unmarried

The

"

public, but

their

except

men,

in

qnly

of

occasions

some

same

and

and

same,

in

hereafter.

people

the

distinguished by

mentioned

be

Greeks,

the

The

be

to

in

Subjects

do

to

dress.

Copts

will

turbans

turban.

allowed

Turkish

Mnslims

Armenians,

many

white

are

caused
blue

the

powers

altogether

any

all

not

wear

Christian

and

the

distiiigtiiBhedfrom

yoke

them
but
:

the
to

they

yet the

I.

hatred

with

and

all

much

which

other

Christians
than

greater

Muslims.
the

"

Mark,

in

Egypt;

of

who

and

The

following

the

doctrines.

The

boast

that

and

that

them

for, as

Nubians,
there

will

they

are

bigoted,

than

Jacobite

Christianity

The

the

religious

Patriarch,

is still the

orders

Archpriests, Priests, Deacons,

The

Patriarch

church
resides
He

and

in

occupies
Cairo

is chosen

regulations
these
to

the

he

and

the

are

whenever
hour.'

monks

tooniyoos")
western

Gulf

priests, when
'

which

he

is

the

of
a

the

of the

priests of

lot
of

Eastern
Eed

Desert
The

is

to

the

Compare
Egypt

and

Saint

Sea.

patriarch

ancient

after

be
account

lib. ii. cap.

of

every

of

point
is

obliged
of

are

Kashmeer,
cloth.

and
to

whose

these

but

obliged

generally

He

silks

appointed

by

Convent

KaBapiSrriTos cTvckcv.

habits

be

it is

the

of

with

shawls

the

with

is waked

Alexandria."

monks,

body

rich

is chosen

in

his

next

of

may

of

and

habits

the

of

of

by

patriarch

He

unmarried.

remains

sleeps,he
he

order

quality, like

softest

generally

the

he

Mark.

Patriarch

"

comply

to

garments

rules

he

the

of

Bishops,

head

supreme

of Saint

styled

among

that

concealed

are

rigid

and

is

continues

woollen

finest

but

ficom

regulations

wear

but

consist

Monks.

is the

")

chair

the

more

Abyssinia,

Abyssinians,

the

and

(" el-Batrak

In

Church

Coptic

of

Metropolitan

they

are

among

also

prevailing religion.

the

of

their

live

to

Muslims.

of

generality

Jacobite

among

one

so

and,

Muslims,

Christian

ignorant,

more

the

become

allow

never

first

Egyptians;

have

single

the

Abyssinians

adopted

however,

is not

they

they

preached

as

and

the

after

soon

the

towards

him

is

sect

Own

the first who

was

Nubians

example,

same

bear

they

they regard

Alexandria.

Christianity

race,

which

their

of

not

are

Greeks

the

Copts regard

they assert,

embraced

and

modern

that

Saint

Gospel

Patriarch

the

even

277

COPTS.

THE

"

So

that,

conform,

quarter of

an

by his

predecessor

always

from

Anthony
of

bishops

among

and

37.

the

near

principal

elected, apply
given by

An-

("Deyr

Egypt,

Herodotus

to
of

the
the

278

SUPPLEMENT.

eight

the

of

superior

office of

high

head

of

paper
into

put
and

the

lot

is

name

Formerly,
being

draws

supposed

be

to

little

drawn

thus

looking

is

under

the

invested

employed

was

more

pieces

balls, and

without

one,

child

young

of

the

persons

which

paper,

form

for

these

of

names

slip of

the

priest

whose

person

patriarch.

into

the

about

names

qualified

considers

separate

mlled

drawer

the

apon

then

are

he

church

the

who

mentioned,

ivhom

of

each

written,

are

iaonks

nine

or

above

convent

as

draw

to

direction

of

heaven.
The

it

chiefly

for

pious

employed
little

than

more

sells

Copt

house

is

just

value.

The

to

bid

obliged

mukleh

to

colour

those

as

the

and

resides

by

with

it

for

in

of

of

that

for

the

persons,
but

when

it, and

no

of

the

less

much
of

done

owner

of

turban

be

than

wider

its

and

resembling

the

dark

same

Copts.

CopUc

Furiui:liuid

the

Abyssinians

Patriarch.

Abyssinia.

'Ulami^

other

have

considerably

wear

other

Muslim

so

bids

siderable
con-

only

can

generally,

patriarch
;

of the

the

property

the

and

is very

patriarchs

him

those

Metropolitan

appointed

tbeir

patriarch

houses

against

Torbuioribe

The

in

bishops

and

the

of

Modem

Cairo,

part

than

of

consists
uses.

in

house

form

disposal

augment

patriarch

rounder
the

ventures

one

the

at

property

He

Biifaopa.

retains

(" el-Matrin
his

ofGce

")
for

is

life

I.

tishop

chosen

from

patriarch,
the

("

church

do

"nnmarried
the

Archpriest

An

priest

one

wife,

person
and

priest
be

may

is

He

allowed
order

supported

through

his

ordained

either

wear

worn,

imitate

the

who

person
take

marry

of

monks,

industry.

Both

Patriarch

by

ago,

Muslims

has

(" Shemmis
has

second

only
wife,

once

or

cannot

all

made

")

and

Cairo
the

to

widow,

widow

priest

unmarried.
he

obtains

deacons
The

are

priests

This
:

was

desire

to

style.

unmarried,

virgin
he

If

hand.

either

her

the

is

bishop.

in

age,
but

after.

what

change

he

Copts

married,
many

hy

them

of

husband.

by

must

married

nor

narrow

must

of

married

and

priests

long
the

has

he

years

marry

and

or

for

order

consequently

and

alms,

of

who

or

second

choaen

deacon

again

by

formed

Deacon

he

hut

the

from

virgin,

monks

is twelve.

thirty-three

marry

to

by the

years

for

cannot

only

own

turban
few

priest

die, he

the

of

wife

of

numerous.

married,

that

tlie

canons

always

been

least

he

bishops

are

have

never

taken

priest's wife
a

has

became

he

before

archpriests

at

The

should

formerly
of

like

continues,

") is elevated

bodily defect,
who

hishops

must

told, always,)

am

regulations.

were

Kummua

The

and

number

("Kasces")

without

and

of

("

priests.

common

be

The

o"6ce.

episcopal

that

widowers,

or

(or, I

their

require

not

men,

monks

with

conform

279

COPTS.

generally

the

among

to

is

")

Uetuf

THE

"

bride.

loses

his

or

If

he

office.

280

SUPPLEMENT.

He
been

said

(" Kdhib

patience

his

and

and

He

dead

are

world

without
The

prayer

.monks

are

lead

wear

woollen

by

wide,

and

down

the

the

of the

in

their

do

(* Hist,

de

in

be

me,
a

the

to

sous

ubi supra,

be

recommends

write

the

told

The

was

of

"

kalensuweh."

Mohammed-Aly,*
pp.

284"289.

the

turban

foot.^

by

worn

meals

in

the

but, if living
of

most

of

number

convents

forty-six;* but

the

latter.

appendage

it is termed

black

or

lentils, as

and

of thb

is distinguished

the

baptizing boys

name

that

monk

to

feast-days, however,

on

with

case.
nuns.

many

of dress

evening

hundred

the

about

of

two

than

more

buried

is

is not

beneath

eat

in the

desert:

comparison

corruption

TEgypte

Mengin,

to

church

neglected

deceive
to

seems

"

Coptic

I have
not

and

noon

the

deep blue

article

They

to

Every

length

only

turban.

in

is said
few

are

The

the

flesh, if it be procurable.

eat

former

the

to

death

obliged always

body.

attached

severe
perthe

are

are

stuff, of

anything

are

churches

and

at

seldom

convents

they

the

day,

convent,

back

generally

beside

monks,

course

is

shirt

the

woollen

inches

woollen

there

and

next

this

and

prayers

dies, he

he

that

informed

strip of

four

that, when

the

of

his

celebrate

to

in

he

service,

The

great austerity, and

colour, about

hanging

sufficient

the

upon

monks

is admitted.

am

garments

waiting
for

wood

fetching

the

numerous,

very

life of

They

he

said

been
but

""c.,and

necessaries

him,

over

in

for

convent

any)

If, after

resolution,

it has

sequestered

some

of

usually performs

property (ifhe have

other

and

recited
and

He

trial

long

celibacy, before

of

vow

order.

convent,

all his

general.

in his

to

generally employed

the

expends

in

poor

half, in

is

of clothes

purchase

submitted

made

monastic

and

sweeping

water,

the

has

yvha,t

from

appears

services, previously to his admission,

year

desert.

monks

the

arduous

or

the

in

as.

have

must

piety, and

into

and

year,

of monkfi,

")

and

admission

menial

order

above.

Monk

his

of the

be

may

'^

; bat

it my

kalas'weh,'*

Mengin

calls

xol, ii. p. 290).

it

the

at

"

which

age

men"oiy
word

kaloncyeh

"

282

SUPPLEMENT.

David,

the

then

and
learn

the

the

that

is not
write

can

ease

than

that

and

Scriptures and
into

disuse

two

centuries

it

telLs

that

that

the

tenth

the

or

the

early part
than

language

school

Coptic;

the

in

that

churches
in

books,
other

The

imitated

the

informed

that

and

with

but

has

Literature

been
of

of

Jews,

and

there

are

in

of

the

complete
done
was

the

in

read

from

explained,

are

priests and

in

Coptic language

of

use

so

private, in

for

the

other

instructed

in

always

the

era,

Arabic,

been

and

they

time

our

any

books

shewn

in

of

prayers
notice.

of

few

the

In

the

by Qiiatrem^re,
Egypt.*

are

they

seem

the

them

in

church

course

Copts

these

resemble

to

precept of their

times

seven

This

his

in

it had

as

have

who

Copts

language;

particularlyworthy

pray

El-Makreezee

period, the Coptic

and

still

written

understand

had

Upper Egypt,

are

are

and

bitants
inha-

the

century

this

after

the

been

of

Copts,

and

Scriptures

ordinary private

comply

the

For

expressed

characters.

Arabic

in

of

church

Many

fell

understood

Egypt),

Coptic,

the

both

Arabic.

persons

speak

to

the

still pray,

the

of

have

most

era,

Provinces

All

more

Arabs.

Copts

fourteenth

Soon

Lower

or

do

fifteenth),scarcely spoke

in

person

can

the

to

the

our

ceased

of the

disuse

the

and

of

Sa'eedee

in its stead.

adopted
at

in

before

of

(or Upper

Greek.

fell into

language
long

the

any

memory,

by

it appears

children

the

of

of the

knowledge

had

close

to

Egypt

generality

and

women

(that is, about

of

event,

Sa'eed

told

am

correctness

who

persons

not

Coptic language gradually

century

the

Copts,

with

committed

The

Egypt

in

the

us,

have

among

conquest

after

the

though

few

the

of Lower
^

very

are

they

after

before

language

Liturgy.

only language
but

speak

that

there

repeat what

the

found,

and

grammatically;

do

They

Coptic.

be

to
or

in

Epistles

Coptic language

there

who

and

Gospels

Arabic

ApostolicalEpistles,in

the

and

Gospels,

Cairo

in his

the

have

to

Muslims.

which
of

subject

who

do

not

enjoins them
day.

Researches

on

The
the

am

'

to

first

Language

I.

is said

prayer

third,

the
the

at

the

fifth, at

the

which

is

hour,
each

of these

and

are

recite

several

whole

the

four

either

in

Coptic

Coptic.

In

seven

rigid practices of

the

daily worship.

The

! have

Lord
as

well

classes
fiset

in

and

most

of the

Jews

and

or

at

walking

latter

hardly

riding

or

church

having
before

"

the

and

end, which
close

door

which

Heykel,'*

central

upper

by

are

in
is

the

forty-

assured,

am

the

and

and

better

the

in the
Their

private

to

stricter
their

is

the

church,

is better

ordinary

prayers,

repeat while
I

used

the

five

or

of

the

from
of

curtain, with

the

it is.

ments.
compartaltar,

the

compartment

the

wooden

entrance

can

by

that

.containing

portion
wall

four

that

holding

generally

into

in

resemble

form, they often

form

my

Though

in

both

wash

east.

they nearly
from

seven

"

and

also

some

face

in their

the

of

Previously

of

the

are

classes

positively assured

centre,

in

prayer

actively employed.

or

say,

others

short

times,

screened

!"

mercy

instructed

times.

am

is

they

public.

chief

suspended

! have

add

Chancel,

partition

which

of

one

Such,

divided
or

of

day, altogether, they

differ

longer
I

part of

chapter

seven

face

shorter

the

seventh

after

read,

to

religious duties,

repeat, in each

otherwise

larger churches

occupies
the

in

classes, though

The

at

than

or

and

congregation

and

that

believe

instructed
The

they

learned

forty-one beads

mentioned

the

private

least the

their

In

midnight.

each

persons

and

Muslims,

in

performed

of

then

of

forty-one

above

except with

prayer,

have

twelfth

the

at

at

who

of

they always

rules

sixth,

(about

Prayer

hands

prayer

the

strict and

more

prayer,

their

wash

hour

of Psalms.

!"

public

as

ninth

Lord

string

Lord's

mercy

the

seventh,

0 my

"

illiterate

the

daily prayers,

at

language

prayers

Book

fourth,
the

fingers : they

repeat the whole

in Arabic,

same

using

the

hour

of David

Arabic,

their

counting by

third

performance

in the

some

the

persons

Psalms)

or

at

the

Psalms

of

Gospels

and

those

of the

second,

hour;

the

the

eleventh

in

the

hour

sunset

Book

times

one

sixth

prayers,

strict

the

daybreak

at

283

COPTS.

THE

"

rest

of

the

panel-work,
of
a

the

Heykel,

large

cross

284

SUPPLEMENT.

worked

appropriated
boys

who

bers

of

the

to

eight

about

in

door

congregation

walls

pictures
but

screened

in

to

conceal

them

Every

church

his

retains

turban.

He

salutation

then

with

of saints, and

the

sometimes

four

while
the

he

feet

stands

and
;

full

Eucharist) occupies
commencing
The
robes

but

of

the
the

within

opposite

and

explanations
'

They

Kur-an.

chant

does

or

of

makes

five

feet

the

during
and

crutch,

lean

four

upon

greater part of

celebration

the

(with

of the

to

and

Heykel.

has

long,

of

pictures

the

before

next

hem

more

or

the

bow,

of the

one

but

of

the

mats.

door

kisses

more

hand

three

between

officiate in the

others

service

the

is
other

sanctuary.

facing
and

no

the

lessons

nearly

in

the

Heykel
their

only

wear

that

Coptic language

spoken

he

service

patton saint

congregation

or

gaudy

hours

the

of

generally

daybreak.

priestswho

whole
the

at

the

and

the

to

or

one

the

half

which

The

service.

the

it, and

before

of

Upon

church

compartment

member

every

about

the

wooden

the

goes

the

men.

ill-executed

entering

before

kisses

of

with

on

two

to

floor is covered

first

He

hand,

the

the

next

or

or

of

partition

prostrates himself,

ofi"ciating
priests in
Almost

shoes

himself

Heykel, prostrates
its curtain.

The

off his

takes

by

particularly of

doors,

members

entirely frx)m

admitted.

are

man

front

partment
com-

work,
lattice-

appropriated

suspended

are

saints

of various

images

no

he

is

of the

is

lowest

the

three

compartment,

to

mem-

wooden

inferior

next

the

and

lattice-work,

The

chief

from

of

with

high,

feet

the

the

separated

partition

centre.

occupy

and

by

nine

or

the

compartments;

the

it

before

is

is

lessons, "c., and

singers, and

this

congregation:

next

women,

and

acolytes

the

read

this

before

next

compartment

priests who

as

serve

the

single

The

it.

upon

door
in

same

are

language
of

the

Arabic

manner

dress.

The

Heykel

is in

ordinary

performed
The

clad in handsome

in

the

being

allowed

to be

priests without, standing

Heykel,

Coptic.^

and

as

read

the

Muslims

and
A

chant

priest

reciting

the

I.

is

not

permitted

in

the

sanctuary

he

pauses,

sizes

and

"waves

the

the

upon

proceeds
of

the

Lord's

bunns,

this

shares
the

wine.

the

door
The

laymen,

Each

member

the

Cairo, exclaim

!" and

heart

place, a
taken

to

rather

I suppose,

cursed,

the

pressing

of

each

beat

probably

though
to

of the

that

Confession
and

Lord's

is
is

with

other
as

me

door

it

not

required

of

indispensable
Supper.

Each

to

excessiTe

in-

assisting him,

blow

corrode
in

service,

the

regular

the

much

characterized

members

before
person

officiating
tion,
congrega-

vociferated
The

crutches.

all

same

loudly

was

Heykel,

their

of the

the

the

of

very

your

village,having

the

of

age

drink

to

priest,standing

was

from

approaches

earliest

larger

patriarchal church

members

many

the

towards

in itself struck

the

priest

and

advances

witnessed,

once

performance

afterwards,

service

of

of

the

May

forcibly expelled, by

and

church,

in

and

and

guilty

I heard

in

respects

uproar

curses,

mine

of

wine,

portion.

often

"

cakes,

the

privileged

acolyte (who

young

friend

congregation

part

ministers
in

church.

have

the

sanctuary

he

congregation,

alone

awkwardly),

complete

the

of

hand

men,

round

with

are

are

among

his

Coptic

of small

his

Heykel,

sacrament

orders, who

public worship.

door

in the

the

in

receive

to

The

form

to

sitting.

the

to

top, is moistened

and

others

and

in their

before

the

in

various

placing

women.

celebrated

of

Heykel

priests

decorum

in

the

of the

the

of

of

burning,

this

done

ministers

the

is

member,

administered

by

than

each

the

times, for

the

from

time,

remains

out

comes

Having

upon

he

as

frankincense

made

is

long

service

long

occasions, cymbals

is often

state

of

partaken

several

blesses

Supper

stamped

in

and

which

apartment

bread, which

The
or

the

to

sit down,

as

head.

person's

may

priest

and

congregation,

so

these

in

censer,

occupies

beaten

times, also,

the

reading

this

he

on

are

while

down

as

that

and

notes

Several

and

order

minutes

few

in

sit

to

285

COPTS.

THE

"

form

by

nity
solem-

in

many

nearly

church.

Christian

the

of

receiving

the

generally

of

Coptic

sacrament

confesses

to

286

SUPPLEMENT.

the

priest.

same

id

imposes
with

the

Prayer,
The

number

"

observe

Great

Fast,

Lent,

or

the

by
this

three

fast

the

as

Their

three

and

days

manner

by

other

Jonah.

nights

patriarchs,
days

they

abstain

meat,

been

milk,

eggs,

kind

every

of

and

butter,

is

dukkah.

and

in

performed

Copts

eat

the

other

They
other

cheese;

and

with

sweet

is the

"

period
the

after

*Adra

the

they

of

service

and
;

oil

the

the

and

the

church-

not

thus

on

of

"

fast

(or Fast

the

Nativity,
Fast

(or

Ascension

the

of

the

and

the

of

of their

of the

every

or

of

vity)
Nati-

the

Christmas-day

except the last

Lord

"

Virgin),a period

the

Assumption
also

"

twenty-eight days immediately

commemoration

deprived

equal strictness, three

almost

Kiyahk

the

in

(or Fast
Copts

of

between

were

is

er-Kusul

observed

to the

The

bread

only

fast

do

flesh-

as

oil, or

they

on

mentioned,

eat

after

but

el-Meeldd

of which

month

S6m

"

period

"

noon

with

S6m

Festival

is, all the

is

and

1st, the

the

2ndly,

about

observe, however,

preceding
that

day,

next

to

different

by

open,

until

supper

the

(or

limited

be

this

day during

their

after

are

same

follows.

"

food, such

churches

every

the

fasts.

fasts
;

them,

nothing

of the

prayers

The

period

period, except

presently
animal

and. vegetables (chiefly beans),

of sesame,

this

Copts

here

originally

During
will

the

el-Kebeer

was

sioned
occa-

was

it in

account

an

days,

whole

gradually extended,

festival, which
from

the

before

three

of

keep

es-S6m

to,

fifty-five
days.

to

of

two

it has

but

forty days';

alluded

above

Fast),

Lord's

week

of

Some

others

"

the

which

during

fasts, of which

principal fast, called

Great

Nineveh,

abstinence

total

fast

of

of

prostrations,

/ewfe. A

commences

preaching

and

!"

arduous

of that

usnally

confessor

prostration, of

mercy

and

long

the

crossings

each

! have

Lord

my

kept in commemoration

of

of

repetition,during

or,

observe

which

penance

certain

Copts

their

The

days

two

"

Apostlcd), which
fifth of

Ebeeb;

Apostles* fasting
Som

el-

3rdly, the

"

of

days previous

fifteen

Virgin.

Wednesday

and

Friday

in everj

I.

other

of tlie year,

period
Great

Fast

Wednesdays
and

Great

the

to

during

Fast

end

the

of

the

Khamdseen.

only

eat

diately
imme-

fiftydays

is, from' the

that

Fridays, they

and

287

COPTS.

except

their

following
the

THE

"

of

end

On

these

fish, vegetables,

oil.
Each

is

fast

followed

great festivals

seven

"

Nativity),on
January) :"2ndly,
Toobeh

(18th

Imptism

of the

(or

6th

of

(the

festival.

of

day

clothes

new

night

at

best

ciation
(Annun-

of Barmahdt
"

that

(Palm

5thly, the

"

of

of the

'Eed

"

el-*Eed

"

el"

'Eed-es-So'ood

"

"

el-'Ansarah

sunday).
(Whitchurch-

these, the

is, in

all these

On

the

(or

of

11th

"

29th

fifth of

the

Easter), or

first,second, and

performed

the
wear

the

7th

or

esh-Sha'aneen

'Fed

"

6th

on

6thly, the

the

7thly,

the

on

or

(or Festival

el-Bishdrah

Easter

Festival) :"

:"

(or

observe

commemoration

'Fed

"

before

next

Great

On
are

the

(the Eesurrection,

(the Ascension)

prayers

Lady-day),

4thly,

:"

in

'Eed

"

"

el-Meeldd

Kiyahk

January),

or

Copts

el-Gheetds,"

3rdly, the

"

Sunday
"

of

**'Eed

of

Virgin,

the

el-Kiydmeh
Kebeer

April)

Sunday),
"

19th

or

Christ

of

the

'Eed

"

29th

the

The

festival.

1st, the

the

of

by

the

night

festivals, the

they have), feast,

ceding
pre-

Copts

and

give

alms.
On

the

the

Gheetds)
singular
others

\ that

residing

is, by the
old

; and

exclaims

plunged

to
;

churches
the
more

"

common

most

in

Plunge,

first

been

them
the

the

and

young,

that,
as

father

is used

blessed

Copts

regard

more

by
to

and

on

as

river; pouring

an

in

this

Some
occasion

but

this

it is

ceremony

amusement
some

into

grandfather

priest :

perform

all

this, another

heart."

thy

from

which

does

baptism

boys, plunge

each

as

thy

El-Isl4m

large tank,

religious rite)in

as

almost

the

commemorate

the

observed

now

metropolis, but by

To

of

perform

to

is

informed,

am

the

say,

practice of
of

well

remove

having

water

(which

him,

and
have

as

Festival

the

of

eve

universally, used

men*

Muslims

the

(or

almost

which,

ceremony,

of Christ, men,
water

el-Gheetds

Copts,

of those

few

by

Leylet

"

holy

than
water

;
a

288

SUPPLEMENT.

from

the

church

l^efore

This

they plunge.

used

be

to

an

occasion
the

of

Nile

and

in the

napkin,

erected

were

the

on

in

the

an

with

the

touches,) with
This

latter

ceremony

next

before

Easter,

'Ahd

"), and

Rusul
On
the

the

the

the

of

fish

eat

and

end

the

and

of

of the

portion

the

Khamaseen

This

the

from

fact

of

victim

every

the

of

"

in the

appears

er-Rusul,"

festivals
Sebt

light

mentioned

before

and

which

'Eed

(or 26th

or

27th

on

all

classes,
a

who

acquit

Jerusalem

at

Week,

proceed

perform

to

the

of

this

They

caravan.

Jerusalem

Easter

to

the

themselves

numerous

over

pressive
im-

very

scourge.

el-'Ahd,"

Light),

of the

lous
miracu-

be

to
;

the

"

es-Saleeb
1 7th

the

'Eed

"

(or

of Toot

September).

able

are

originated

is said

"

the

without

at Jerusalem

the

daiy
worst

or

"Khamees

[the discovery of] the Cross),on

to

that

dreadftil

this

of

Pilgrimage

gations
congre-

have

Festival

of

their

the tomb

at

pray

(or Saturday

Holy Sepulchre

festivals

to have

the
"

two

chief

is the

must

are

en-Noor

when

Saturday,

next

and

people expecting

minor

the

mentioned

above

plague

er-

Sha'aneen,"

is interred

to

el-

'Eed

("

between

seems

its.beingimpossible

effect upon

Among

custom

Thursday

"

over

die

plague -season),his body

being repeated.

prayer

the
these

dead

(which

or

July).

of

if any

; and

kerchief
hand-

Khamees

("

and

of the

on

congregation.
the

on

of

latter

the

ties

Apostles

Bisharah"

"

on

churches

the

the
11th

(or

priests recite the prayers

in

the

of Ebeeb

priest

of

of the

Thursday
of

formed
per-

(or rather, wipes

performed

Festival

5th

festival

comer

member

Maunday

or

Festivals

Copts

washes

also

are

tank, then
the

and,

on

Jordan,

the

hold

Copts
it

but

duty.
pass
third

in which

tents

Prayers

the

wetting

metropolis

numerous

this

of

or

feet of each

the

the

"),on

font,

is

and

banks.

eve

holy water,

it the

on

the

and,

apron,

its

of the

Copts

boats,

on

churches

water

as

with

crowded

was

mesh'als

blesses

the

great festivityamong

to

few
The

the

day

be

incumbent

of

the

pilgrims

Passionafter

they

poorer

Week

the

bathe.

pose
com-

and

Passion-

290

SUPPLEMENT.

the

streets

their

depend

example."

they
liable

to be

The

taken

Oriental, and

They

similar

but

they indulge

and

often, to

They

of

persons

be

he

regarded

wife's

as

belongs

approved
wife

of his

and

not

male

other

The
^

have

is

meals,

the
of

the

in

same

the

day

intermarry

with

her

*'

to

the

to

father,
"

been

of

more

the
or

if

she

of
her

wekeel.

latelywithdrawn.
of Muslim

princes to

enemy.

female
panion.
com-

sight of the

orders

lower

mother,

appoints

Muslim

his

female

be

the

to

suitable

the

of

civil

obtain

to

(or agent)

his

unwillingness

fight against

be

his

acknowledged

obtain

to

according

him

for

If

she

have

or

is

adopt

merely by

course

one

tended
in-

which

to

pleasure.

case.

also, has

consent

same

nation,
his

denied,

marrying

wekeel

mother,

be

him

which

to

sect

causes

strict of his

at

she

When

so.

is not

able

but

do

kind

seek

her

them

Kddee,

the

this

age,

is said

from

him

of

he

to

will

this

to

in

nor

imnmnity

by employing

all hours

the

dissolved

arrangements;

originated

at

request

wife, unless

under

father

of

employing

ever

bridegroom,
This

of

women

even

relation, is

neither

fellow-

their

eating is

more

man

pursues
;

intended

be

necessary

perfectly

chiefly

of

of

by the

desirous

Muslim

always

marriage

be

he

Scarcely
face

the

married

is

Copt

or

if his

may

custom,

relationdS

and

marriage

the

as

not

are

Muslim

marriage, which

priest

unless

is

by the church, it
a

which

are

coffee

church
few

to

case

As

When

and

reprobate by the

creed, he

their

such

contract

the

contract.

Copts

of leisure

pipe

sect, and

generally applies

commonly

hours

manner

by

other

to

wife

for

they

of their

drinking brandy

allowed

any

Copt wishes
to

follow

excess.

not

are

in

the

those

their

their

and

of

as

their

pass

enjoying

manner,
are

habits
same

Muslims

not

service.^

military

the

immunity

an

of the

most

domestic

nearly

countrymen.
also,

by

for

ordinary

same

Copts enjoy

envied

much

are

The

"

will

Christians

it the

upon

sought

nearest

or/

to

age,

the

niake
and

have

wekeel.

own

The

parties

It is believed
honour

in

to

Christian

I.

make

THE

"

contract, in which

various

arranged, in the presence

of the
amount
dowry is paid

of

are

is held

third
claims

this

relations

from

present
The

call the

Copts

of

married

are

commence

the
the

feasts

reminds

with

hole

at

whirled

the

puts them

upon

of

their

giddiness,

"

The

observe

ball
of

cluded,
con-

by all persons
of

persons

the

virgin, usually

is the

of what

length

is the

In

this

bottom

birds

balls
;

and
when

the

break

the

their

The

little bells

evil

of these

guests

from

recovered

if

do

they

them

not

rise ;

their

from

omen

the

before

giddy,

pigeons generally fly

usually makes
an

having

are

each

each

pigeons,

and

they

have

usually

sugar,

live

two

air till

birds

which

is

of

wings

put

are

balls.

person
draw

they

balls

mentioned

before

friends.

subsequent

on

Komans,

their
the

bridegroom

custom,

taking

to

through

two

and

curious

then

the

the

festivities

the

respective

hollow

for

of

most

case,

occasions,

bells

round

dish

and

when

the

like

approved

most

their

two

Copts,

the

not

as

fly
the

flying.^

temam."

Farah

Muslims

the

some

spectators would
"

is

prcepetes of the

or

ringing

room,

immediately,

these

on

judging

whom,

the

bride

(which

entertain

makes

the

some

about

of

Such

night.

cook

poor

into

placed

this

dliies

little

attaches

cases

marriage-festivities,a

The

observed.

her

being

times

marriage-service,

family

of the

us

the

Sunday

the

given

the

of

days

him,

before

contract

preceding Tuesday,

bride's

she

husband,

fete.^

on

the

on

the

night of Sunday)

performance

ing
remain-

the

her

die

three

of the

it first.

eight days.

of

she
The

classes, when

night preceding

Muslims,

to

death.

Prayer is recited

complete

The

is

her

occasion

survive

if

priest commencing

period

is termed

At

if she

property

at

middle

and

occupy

and

this

matters

Two-thirds

priest.

on

domestic

private

marriage-festivities,in

higher

he

it

Lord's

the

reserve

his

claim
the

the

in

291

COPTS.

and

bird

Egypt,
the

on

custom

are
some

here

called

"

el-kubbeh

occasions,
described

as

on

; but

wa-t-teyr."
the
this

It

inauguration
appears

to

be

that

the

Sultan,

used

is said
of
an

error,

arising

292

SUPPLEMENT.

The

guests

the

and

henna

Early
one

feasts.

Wednesday

is

is

day

Saturday,

for the

bridegroom

cotton,
and

tobacco
the

lady

bride's
the

of

family

the

In

the

of his

This

and

"

zeflfeh

"

limeh

candles,

bride
She

canopy.

attached

but

that

coins

numerous

her

covers

the

and

The

bosom.

from

for the

over

the

guests

misunderstanding
to

an

head

umbrella
of

Sultan

other

at

of

the

conceals

her

surmounted
in certain

el-kubbeh
the

pompous

the

part which
and

sheep

this

"

head, and

is

night

applied by

bird, which

processions.

Mufi-

ornaments

or

house

slowly,

lamb

wa-t-teyr

by

under

and

very

figure of

of

several

moves

of

bridegroom.

that

face

two

or

bearing

conducted

bridegroom's

by

him

followed

persons

upon

hours.

"

the

number

of the

is not
with

term

An
to

half,

and

resembles

procession
the

sent

are

takes

by

of

shawl,

two

with

properly prepared

house

ornaments

about

drawers,

goes

and

number

to the

part which

generally occupies
killed

with

and

bridegroom.

hour

bride

Copt

is covered

to

the

(or brideman)

much

(or parade)

silk

of the

afterwards

an

proceeds

of

each

and

manner),

friends, preceded

by

has

gold, together

bride, accompanied

attended

and

"

bride

bride,

band

it be

about

and

canopy.

bath.

the

to

and

clothing, "fec.,

shirt

of

whether
"

of

same

bride

ashbeen

"

the

relations

musicians,
mesh'als

the

friends

sunset,

female

her

of

ensuing evening,

after

hours,

the

see

bridegroom's

several

and

to

the

house

to

family

bridegroom's house,
and

in

the

for the

with

embroidered

ornamented

-purse,

other

embroidered

the

to

relations

and

articles

things (namely,

drawers,

rations.
prepa-

feet, (fee.

of

the

in

is conducted

under

not

and

sets

and

handkerchiefs

two

from

of

pair

hands

two

similar

but

the

on

passed

female

preparation,

of

music

bride

her

of

music,

her

to

on

of

the

by several
with

"

afternoon,

usually
applied

consisting

old

*wiih

bath, accompanied

Friday, again,

entertained

in the

Thursday,

friends,

the

generally

these

of

evenings
On

are

was

torians
his-

borne

I.

it

is

slaughtered
This

blood.

other

and

The

large

bride's

The

bridegroom

the

men

women

are

performed,

administered.

of them,
This

the

The

priest

and

sash

two

crowns

belong

the

church,

they

home

goes

Patriarch

church

parties

then

respect

to

bridegroom
Monday),
The
house
rice

his

father

milk, and
the

bridegroom

friends

to

which
Such

as

the

The

prevailing
Copts.

ceremonies

mentioned

custom
^'

among

and

the

the

the

be

given

marriage
which

classes

of

are

in

night.^

about
the

usually

are

after
to

this

invite

evening

lowing,
fol-

festivities.

usually

his Arabic

Muslims

preceding

evening,

on

the

bridegroom's

dishes

go

the

towards

of this

the

at

ashbeen

by Burckhardt,
lower

close

From

partaken,

(that

night

In

his
to

daybreak:

bridegroom.

the

by

ceremonies

the

near

principal

fowls.

great feast
concludes

the

are

the

boiled

cases,,

dinner

off

religious reserve

after

often

metropolis, the

they have
a

gives

parties quit

taken

the

the

following

at which

Monday,

in

of

maintain

The

bridegroom

there

until

which

of

the

is

most

house

gejierally,until

bride's

and

dinner,

until

or,

on

the

to

bride

and

In

each

of

bridegroom.

the

the

rich

concluded

sacrament

other

each

oflBciates.

return

the

the

kind

(or crowning).
before

it

head

the

of

but

off;

sash, and

not

are

shoulder

returns

places a

the

gold, upon

is

Supper
and

and

"tekleel"

of

Lord's

blesses

bride

church:

church, where

the

the

and

and

taken

weddings

friends, forming

apart, long prayers

of

of

the

the

generally

the

of

the

In

receives

the

to

are

with

At

priest.

music.

the

over

is called

ceremony

his

ceed
pro-

church.

the

to

manner,

sacrament

the

at

of refreshments,

themselves

diadem,

hours

two

with

bridegroom

frontal

or

same

place

and

the

rings, for

of crown,

the

without

and

about

partaken

thither

goes

separate party

two

rested

there

and

thence, in

and

its

over

in Cairo

told, is only observed

am

party, having

her

steps

towns.

bridegroom's house,
with

ceremony,

bride

the

door, and

the

at

293

COPTS.

THE

"

at

observed

Proverbs,

page

Cairo," is observed

on

117,

by

294

SUPPLEMENT.

the

of

marriage

bishop,

priest,who

or

servitje,dissuades
zeffehs

in

the

and

the

devote
a

poor

more

simplicityand

in

class

poorer

conducted

relations

and

in

house,

she

and

in

Cairo,

in

fall

yet

by

licence

from

seldom

give

it for less than

riyals (of

therefore,

married

are

they usually
than

to

until

the

her

becoming
father
A

our

divorce

part

of

if she

mother.

or

mother

until

of

have

wife.

of

out

go

pound

as

persons,
the

parties,

for which

Kddee,

this

usually

comes

only
The

committed

the

little less

for

to

visit

the

cause

theft, or

and

to

even

her

rules

no

of

signs

pay

first child,

appear

period

husband

approved

house,
of

if there

After

the

observe

delivered

year

is obtained
the

such

will

pere^on

piasters,or

two

wife, if she

parents,

obtain

must

piasters (or

the

be

money.

not

expiration

than

Copts
To

covetous

from

for

married

are

quarter each)

licence

more

newly-married

visit

the

of

etiquette, does

her

by

not

pay

five pence

The

piasters and

two

the

mentioned.

from

demands,

sometimes

:"

penses
ex-

church

of

property,

hundred

of

the

as

the

Many

this

and

female

bridegroom's

priest ;

clergy, they
;

is

zaghareet

"

the

to

before

own

but

of

group

joy by

little

manner,

Patriarch

the

of

zeffeh;

preparing

of

with*

accompaniment

bridegroom.

their

of

the

sterling),and
many

the

possessed

one

by

otherwise

simple

more

by

proceeds

married

and

upon

being

married

of

is there

married

the

wanting

also, she

lighting

marriage

merely

only testifytheir

manner,

of

bath

with

virgin-bride

with

so

and

clergy

conducted

always

zeffeh.

friends, who,

same

is

widow

to

in

employ

to

is

marriage

money

rather

of the

wants

honoured

the

to

instruments,

the

sometimes

generally
musical

the

privacy.

purposed
the

of

festivity,or

is

their

expending

had

relief

consequence,

ostentation,

marriage-

feasts, counselling them

they

the

to

manner

the

perform

to

from

parties

which

vain

out

employed

repeated

sums

and

is

Patriarch,

the

Sometimes,

virgin-bride.

or

of her

imprisonment,

her.
of
wife

other

adultery
may*be

heinous

on

rated
sepacrime

"

in this

tut

another

neither

case,

he

marriage, though

295

COPTS.

THE

I,

she

nor

they

is at

liberty to

again be

may

contract

united

each

to

other.
of the

One

is their

Copts
other

remarkable

most

bigotry.

Christians,

Muslims

considered,
other

any

opinion

has

vast

numbers

of

in

this

sect

them

of

religion. They

cringing

domineering

or

Copt

respectable

the

of

their

of

pursuit
he

pleasures :
suborner
and

worldly
declares

in

monks

asking

the

houses

of

Cairo

of

the
In

"'

M'allim
the

of

if

and
The

as

Thus
is

well

pronounced
title

registrar

village."

given
of

the

keeps

to

the

that

"

all

of

Mo'allim."

Copts
of

but

those

village

is

favourable
un-

them

to

abandoned
in

to

sensual
and

tyrant,

that

the

priests
and

begging,

the

at

repay,

secretaries

and

in

the

The

taxes.

style from

"

the

simply

or

class,

poorer
called

"

the

is

of

the

residing
"

teacher

countants.
ac-

writing

that

Christians

signifies

or

size

moderate

of

most

acquaintances,

as

other

It

obtained

they call.

register of

considerably
from

taxes

of

village

and

never

other

employed

are

every

for

they

and

me

evening

every

The

avows

me

possible, wherever

Copts

as

assures

which

money,

differs

Copts

Muslims,
*

who

seen

parishioners

procuring brandy,
Many

and

sullen

I have

be

to

to

acknowledged

He

Patriarch
;

are

of

loan
their

the

witnesses

false

of

of

indulgence

to

not

dissemblers

nation, gives

and

for

proselytes

which

character.

gain,

and

circumstances.

generally ignorant, deceitful, faithless,

the

"

his

of

than

and

time,

already

notions

are

reason;

to

to

have

for the

customs

account
be

according

whom

to

myself chiefly indebted

respecting

without

abominable

and

they

El-Islam;

generally speaking,

are,

the

inclined

persecution, become

avaricious,

extremely

temper,

Yet

of

time

all

to

which

more

formed

have, from

consequence

with

faith

the

to

been

not

much

as

hatred

El-Islam.

in

Muslims,

Christian

this

always

unbelievers

the

by

that

of the

character

bitter

exceeding

even

the

regard

bear

They

the

in

traits

in

"master;"
or

M'allim

peasants.
of

the

296

SUPPLEMENT.

"^gyp**

Most

tradesmen

offices:

the

of

the

former
the

among

in

Copts

Cairo

acoonntants

are

in

chiefly employed

are

latter

are

silversmiths, jewellers, architects, builders,

all

of

the

Muslims.

whom

peasants,

esteemed

generally

are

Those

the

in

goldsmiths,

and

carpenters

in

chiefly

the

like
the

than

skilful

more

villages,

themselves

occupy

government

merchants,

many

or

Muslim
of

labours

agriculture.
The

funeral-ceremonies

respects, those

of

bier, followed

by

the

do

Muslimehs
hired

by

lament

the

in

the

of

(though

this

custom

many

others, being

only

and

they

their

renew

fourteenth
weeks

after.

visits

to

year

The

the
the

on

Kiydmeh.
of

'eeds,

belonging
these

to

the

apartments

they

kill

give

its flesh, with

or

they give

the

*'

their
of

the

'*

dead,

the

they visit the tombs

In

doing

so,

sheep,

for

by

they
poor

This
the

merely

they perpetuate

return

home.

for the sake

an

ancient

of

there

resembles

the
of

from
an

upper

either, and

assemble

on

on

following,

which

as

each

houses

the

afford

originated

only regarded

mourners

in

expiation

any

of

el-

reception

morning

Muslims

the

'Eed

having

night

who

in

eve

their

can

regular

and

the

ceremony,

as

probably
it is

if

the

to

considered

sacrifice

times

the

In

below.

alone.

but

three

the

spend

performed

deceased,

pay

on

and

several

women,

night;

cemeteries,

bread,

is not

'it is done,

the

usages)

seventh

el-Gheetds,

'Eed

pass

men,

or

bread

kaffarah

expiatory
as

buffalo,

and

to

and

clergy

sometimes

relations

women

the

the

on

and

men

preceded

heathen

burial-ground

the

in

the

; and

the

there

and

both

their

to

go

there

as

days after the

three

ancient

death,

el-MeeMd,

them

occasions

the

of

tombs
'Eed

of

employed

are

disapproved by

relic

Copts,

They

these

is

in

manner

is not

but

for

deceased

lamentations

after

days

same

wailing-women

the

death

the

in

many

carried

is

corpse

occasion

an

Hired

house

The

wailing

such

on

in

Copts resemble,

Muslims.

women,

chanters.

the

of

of

burial
the

sins

ancient

an

alms.

As

They

say

soon

that

religious reflection.
custom,

which

they

298

SUPPLEMENT.
.

lion, and
those

of

greatly aggravated
in

residing
to

recourse

arms

the

but

misery

their

that

so

provinces again rebelled,

in

vain

and

terrible

naany

had

and

persecution

followed.
From

the

the

Jacobites

all

the

and

who

Khaleefeh,

that

the

the

It would

be

the

in the

history

The

ages

of the

are

people

which

have

folly,though

own

victims

of unmerited

through
In

the

the

of the

year

El-Mutawekkil

adopted
"

wear

other
the

the
been
those

in

the

dress

peculiar

It should

general

be

who

to

have

love

here,

El-Islam

changed

of Muslim

bj

the

their

and

difficult

very

oppression by
been

frequently

more

tyrannical rulers

under

be

to

and

degrading

distinctions

the

and

the

cases

hooded

Muslims
have

; and
been

that
few

of

garments

place

to

to

to

cloaks, with

women,

alluded

be

to

obliged

were

men

compelled

the

mentioned.

50), the Khaleefeh

by oppression

women.

here

the

in

(a.d. 849"

were

that

endured

presumption

(or light brown)

they

exhibited

be

Copts

fanatics.^

Copts

of dress

and

observed

toleration

converted

through

"

articles

colour

235

of the

the

now

particulars

severe

have

several

ordered

the

to

of the

some

they

incurred

private

Flight

honey-coloured

same

which

them

they

of

but

may

persecution

influence

were

troubles

indomitable

of

often

their

returned

to

other, being purchased

princes

qualities render

They

formerly belonged

all the

detail

domination

governed.

present, obtained

after

the

persecutions

Arab

this

of

government.

Muslim

of the

Copts

intrigue,

the

to

of

tyranny

of

creed,

reign

aftertimes

in

of

the

to

Melekite

had

soon

and

now

to

tiresome

under

earlier

sect, and
services

or

that

however,
;

of

Hisham,

possession

the

in

but

of

bishops

the

means

churches

Jacobites

one

by presents

by

in

their

abandoned
;

reign

were

sent

Jacobites

churches,

possession of
of

the

of the

These

property

of

the

Copts)

and

Egypt,

Melekites,

restoration

them.

all the

consequently

adopted

the

in

until

conquest

almost

(or

churches

Nubians,

of the

period

form
the
in

religionvoluntarily. Many

wooden

exceptions
Copts

who

comparison
have

done

to

have
with

this

1.7"

figTires(or pictures)

299

COPTS.

THE

of devils

the

(or npon)

at

of their

doors

houses.
One
and

of the

which

one

display

minor

the

Among
that

of

the

(which
that

hue

Copts.

Copts

Jews

in

ordered

weight
the

strong

the
the

was

amid

all their

that

common

possess,
them

in

of

of

many

with

all the

love

which

miseries, and
but

hating

faith, that

so

absurd
most
a

revokement
other

of this

bore

persecutions, embraced

of

that
the

those

but

Jews;
native

which

most

least

differing
and

of El-Islam,

so

country
by

actuated

sects

from

round

the

obtained

Copts, during

faith

mosques.

pronounced

Copts thronged

Many

be

to

up

appertaining

they

implored

the

of

suspended

was

their

to
were

and

the

black

time

given

the

and

much

bitterly

sentence.

the

despised
the

of

same

Greece

disposition,

great palace of the Khaleefeh,

the

property

Egypt,

multitude

black

ignominious

replaced by
to

they

the

were

were

of banishment

of

dress

rivals

Christians, and

churches

them

this

the

of

piece of wood,

the

Christians

of

round

the

of

have

to

distinguish themselves,

to
a

All

sentence

all

against

thus

dresses

At

Egypt.

wear

plundered,

and
a

of

garments

their
and

the

of

white,

hateful

than

mention

the. crosses

as

and

them;

Finally,

to

manner.

same

destroyed
to

earlier

compelled

were

were

same

no

the

for

411,

them,

many

so

were

distinguished

choose

in

distinguishing

Egypt

eyes, the most

Christians

of the

turban

the

find

that

colour

could

they

of

year

seems

by

the

the

and

This

worn

As

Khaleefehs

the

in their

Abbasees) was,

turban

the

cross,

neck,

colour.

wretch

upon

wooden

the

to

Muslims,

in

inflicted

their

killed

was

he

wear

day.

present

the

was

black

black

of the

of

to

suspended

deep

the

banners

and

'

in

which

them

of

throne

and

and

pride,

impious

the

to

(a.d. 996"7),

pounds,

origin

Christians

acceded

grievances

of

turbans

that

endured,

ever

treatment

of

reign

who

compelling

of five

weight
been

the

Flight'
386

their

to

contemptuous

El-Hdkim,

the

^nd

and

during

Khaleefeh

was

attributed

they

that

persecutions

was

of wealth,

them

befell

of

bitterest

this

and

300

SUPPLEMENT,

the

In

which,
the

month

Copts

to

be

at

present.

are

wearing
attendants

favours

turned

aside

from

servants

to

drive

that

person

ascending
the

Emeers
his

in

there

Christians
orders

and

no

mules.

than

On
the

what

wear

9th

of

formed

plot

of the

of the

in

man,

the

Sultan

and

fanatic

his

and

state

El-Azhar, before
seemed

"

Another

Citadel!"

to

be

at

the

and

blue
;

and

horses

or

El-Islam

appearance

by

an

of

of the

the

ranean,
Mediter-

these

in

the

out

church

fakeer,

in

of the

of the

of

mosque

havoc

in

the
the

which
the

Khateeb

was

congregational

close

the

ye

principal

the

This

frenzy, cried

Destroy
man,

period
the

the

in

destroyed through

were

At

in

(a.d. 1321),

to

Muslims.

the

court,

affected

the

wear

ride

all

twenty-one

noon.

of apparent

congregation,

sequence
con-

deewan;

721

Aswan

from

neighbourhood,

Muslims,

In

embraced

Ibn-Kala-oon,

accomplished chiefly during

prayers

tears

among

the

el-Akhir,

Rabeea

Egypt,

some

of

some

with

seen,

should

added,

and,

turban.

number,

by

to

should

sects

was

refrained,

persons
to

his

to

he

Jews, yellow turbans

is

it

that

Muslims.

chief

of these

blue

its

the

for

the

and

just

Christians

and

either

the

in

sixty
metropolis

the
;

throughout

had

summoned

Mohammad

of

reign

he

the

were

he

but

he

informed

(Citadel, related

pity

Christians,

Friday, the

churches

his

that

of

Many

rather

present

complaint,

person

him

the

while

calling

enraged

so

many

great honours,

Maghrabee,

was

upon
in

waist-belts

turbans, and

him

them,

The

attired,

with

mare,

repulsed

deewan

Jews

handsomely

man

they

as

ing
approach-

kissing his feet

Christian,

hands

given

were

that

away.

ambassador,

riding

even

them

by

his

of

and
and

drawn

eyes,

occasioned

hliie turban,

the

event

an

leam,

can

stirrups,paying

them,

was

the

to

saw

and

his

him,

violent

lay

to

of

as

Maghrabee

turban,

asking

about

walking by

this

well

as

(of Cairo),

white

(a.d.1301), happened

700

distinguished by

Citadel

the

Eegeb,

first time,

the

for

mostly

of

great

prayers

Citadel, a
midst
is in

of

the

mosque

(or Preacher),

involuntary trembling,

and

cried

out,

Testroy

"

Yea, God

infidels!
Then

aid!"

the

they

of

commenced

reduced
a

the

to

mere

general

Cairo,) and

was

diverted

Christians

plot
to

of

mounds

of rubbish.
the

of

El-Fustat
from

of

space

suspicion,they

of mosques,

houses

El-Kahireh

and

of

also

principal
of

El-Kahireh

though

there

this

discrimination,

examples

their

to

alarmed

by the

clamours

plunder
to

and

habit
to

be

of

and

white

killed

they should

them

they
had
the

at

that

not

were

that

whom

and

riding

they

should

horses

Muslim

them

however,
wards
after-

was

subjects to

Sultdn

chance

the

who

was

mules,

blue
but

to

the
it

caused

horse, might
wear

made

reverted

of

nor

be

to

mob,

the

without

Sultan,

had

an

who

persons

arrested

and

person

city

they might

time
;

the

Christians,

the

his

to

the

insulting

the

were

The

or

ride

for

along
of

gate

tremendous

turban

every

turban,
;

in

Muslims

of

hanged,

injury,

Christian

the white
that

number

vast

liable

incendiaries

been

licence

grant

every

proclaimed

less

be

to

favouring

that

of

Chribtians

wearing

wearing
that

murder

The

meet.

to

their

number

fellow-citizens.

constrained

of

execution

sputhem

of

for

atone

to

the

ostensibly

they

offence:

and

the

Citadel,

proof

no

was

which

of the

of

accused

they

revenge

but

private dwellings, both

most

from

the

to

whom

committed

death,

leading

street

Emeer,

alive

burnt

to

put

were

Masr,

"

"

some

threatened

outrage

days,

Several

El-Fustat.

the
were

(now

they might

and

Emeers,

been

this

the

different

fire,on

set

"

detected, and

that

month,

for

from

Eefraining

Sultdn

an

mosque,

of which

many

the

by

is

had

El-K^hireh

of

Masr)

purpose

This

"

urged

The

people

(or Old

his

exacted.

for the

churches,

of the

gregation
con-

pressing along

were

persons

the

of the

out

had

tions
founda-

of

said,

going

he

plunder

massacre

or

which

act

numbers

with

streets

the

their

On

the

members

:" others

madman

event."

some

that

saw

is

and

give victory

cried, "To

Some

!'

and

presumptuous

God

and

himself,

This

"

of the

great!

foundations

said,
indication

churches

is most

shook

he

To

the

ye

301

COPTS.

THE

I."

be

seen

dered
plun-

turban

only

asses,

302

SUPPLEMENT.
.

with

and

enter

their
bath

the

Christians
service

the

having

other

and

and

all

in

Egypt,
the

faith

neck.

At

take

to

Christians

who

heavy

and
the

of

the

not

any
in

w^ere

displaced.

number

vast

the

to

forbidden

frequent

should

and

suspended

were

suffered

embraced

tail;

were

government

Lower

5),

1354

bell

service

oppressions,

Upper

animars

Emeers

their

of

After

with

the

into

the

to

unless

time,

same

the

face

of

and

Christians
the

of

year

exactions
both

Flight
The

El-Islam.

in

(a.d.

755

number

of

"

in

proselytes
faith

in

and

From

period

the

to

sway

than

nothing

and

more

except

(it
envied

by
is

true),
I

mean

their

whose

the

not

the

tribute,

immunity,
on

exemption

Most
the

of

the

time,

same

that

account

from

continued

Copts
the

accession

tolerant

from

remarkable
but

the
until

inconsiderable

at

their

places.

oppression,
under

changed

fifty.

mentioned,

exacted

was

an

balanced

favour

less

Basha,

'Alee

Muslim,

just

or

more

Mohammad

in

and

destroyed

were

built

were

mosques

subject

Egypt

who

alone,

hundred

four

was

Upper

of

Kalyoob

of

town

day,

one

churches

the

of

though

severe

Christian
which

than

the

was

more

conferred

not

the

military

less

by
valued

service.

303

JEWS

11." THE

The

in

Jews,

other

(unlike

any

country

which

original possessors
their

whom

in

therefore

will

Egypt

be

inheritance

or

community
the

respecting
in

inappropriate

not

the

from

of the

words

in

by themselves

achieved
members

few

dispersed

are

people residing

hy

permanent

dwell

they

of

own

by conquest

or

they

which,

class

their

ancestors),form

among

in

collective

is not

EGYPT.

OF

country

every

the

Jews

present

work.

There

called

Arabic,
whom

narrow

in

the

in

hardly

as

metropolis,

intersected

dirty quarter,

of

"

"

reside

(in

five thousand
Jews
country about
Yahoodee
Yahood,'* singular
"), most

this

in

are

to

in

by lanes,

admit

of two

miserable, close, and

of

many

which

passing

persons

are

each

so

other

them.

features, and

In

the

Oriental
Asia

western

people

than

light

Egyptian

eyes,

Jews

they
a

very

have

sore

oil of

their

sesame

persons,

in

they

or

food.

countries
often

we

of

Souths

them

find

the

from
to

be

skin, light-reddish hair, and

fair

eyes,

but

countenance,

nations

other

European

live

of their

their
are

from

in

hazel

either

result, it is supposed,
the

less

those

do

whom

among

distinguished by
very

differ

Jews

of

general expression

in the

blue
and

or

bloated

making
In

an

their

Many

gray.

of

complexion
immoderate

dress,

generally slovenly

nd

as

the
the

of

use

well

dirty.

as

in

The

304

SUPPLEMENT.

of their

colours

Their

subjects.
The

and

Cairo;
under
other

Walee,

such

purchase

than

qualities
the

Like

than

the

find

attributed

inclinable

-iVho have
On

of the

remarked,
A

Jew,"

passing by

there, and

are

people

but

only

answer

to

the

the

Jews,

God

and

thou

respect

to

the

therefore

to

stock

of

better

the

of

Jews

than

afford

can

town.

tribute,

pay

he

"

who

Muslim

early

in

Thou

"

those

shalt

to

occurred

who

few

the

was

master

V.

ver.

to
85.

his

find

the

those

to

in

the

week,

with
a

days before.

person
of

morning, sheykh

received

trait

last

Muslim

Seeing

have

proof of what

morning

one

Chap.

in

me,

those

Christians."

are

this

shalt
to

surely

We

the

and

enmity

and

by

rate
invete-

more

Muslims

Kuran,^

say.

Mohammad.

he

the

friend

related

it

abhorrence

bear

[all]men

had

that

and

[entertain]friendship

to

yet dusk), he said, Good

the

the

parts

to

[to be]

was

said

coffee-shop kept by

supposing

of

consequent!}"

and

contempt

of

which

named

visits

higher prices

at

the

violent

to

he,

acquainted,

was

it

said

the

other

said, in

is

Jews

event

an

and

them

mentioning

my

reason,

[to be] those

believed

character

*'

of

like

utmost

to

partners

pay

especially fruits,
in

other

It

most

Cairo, they

metropolis, they

found

are

any

with

rates,

but

military service.

any

believed

have

general,

religion.

Muslim

most

higher

in the

in

hatred

who

at

from

held

are

Muslims

surely

the

for

and

In

in

in

Being

provision

every

quarter
than

Egypt

also

of

be

to

are

Copts,

They

of

their

from

same

provisions, and

exempted

are

the

things

with

shops

in

quarter

the

sell articles

to

in

dress

religious toleration,

oflfice existed.

inhabitants

other

their

his

as

Christian

Egypt.

in

empire.

their

did

they

long

as

privileged

and

and

and

women

Turkish

of

of the

of

synagogues

enjoy

the

of

exemption

Mohtesib

the

only

those

as

oppressive government

country
the

for

other

eight

not

less

the

same

themselves,

veil

women

have

Jews

the

are

public, like

in

respect,

turbans

the

ivas

whom

he

standing
shop (for

Mohammad

salutation

"

;'
was

806

SUPPLEMENT.

disbelievinghim,

however,

public example,

"

that

the

the

the

has

"

Bash^

done

longer

the

"From
have

and

brought,

sentenced
The

pardoned.

and

than

that

of

hanging
of

at

moro

in the

he

he

himself

suffering
large

(Muslims,

of

they

It

mosque,
defile

is

the

sword.

but

few

with

that

this

him
reason

should

Jew,

close

against
his

face

turned

by the

seen

all
he

is

Jew

creature

Egypt,

is

family

who

was

their

own

the

support.
:

religion who

extremely
against
that

in

quiet life

very

never

him

knew

to

diet

passengers.

who

left

their

hang
in

support

his

lead

to

having

of

unclean

so

grated

favour

contributed

Their

Muslims

of the

only

interpreter

persons

the

the

generally

them.

consider
For

death

of

but

and

the

but

Egypt

find

they

part

offered

be

to

man

by which

Jew

relations

respected by

of his

cause

not

as

of

excepted);

state

surprising

when

so

course,

associate

will

bars

be

His

pardon

that

was

hung

lower

end

slight degree,

the

his

for

should

forms

bars

he

some

Bdsha

life of

One

city.^

as

of mind,
the

which

upper

and

against

much

in

Jews

indeed,

up

money

man

unintending
The

the

enabled, in

feet

destitute

very

of the

of

one

window,

was

fountain

purchase

the

towards
He

of

could

they

public

dreadfully protracted.

was

sums

of

^ras

the wretched

saw

I
was

Muslim

; but

the

take

to

street

Jew

example

an

Muslim.

over

was

his

by

that

guilty
a

the

Jew

poor

Basha.
whom

The

while

the

greatest distress

better

hauled

was

window,

the

necessary

main

being passed

window,

'

was

window

hanged

life of the

the

deemed

was

mosque

rope

the

it

it

be

city

'adleeyehs

"with

years."

many

he,

said

of the

?*' exclaimed

interpreter,

interpreter, in

inexorable

made,

for
to

pleaded earnestly for

was

the

man,

man,"

money-changers

whom

business

transacted

unfortunate

This

"

of

interpreter

yesterday, received

From

"

answered

Jew,"

than

the

for

make

to

hand, intimating
The

life.

all the

ago

rate."

same

his

spare

than

more

no

I, myself,.no
at

to

his

beheaded.

be

compassion

with

court, moved

begged

should

delinquent

with

signal

gave

it necessary

thinking

or

his

window
blood

beheaded.

gross;
of
would

II.

they

but

put

on

without,
the

In

house,

they

their

concealing
of

happens

that

also

the

The
of

many

alms

among

having

bestowed

the

of

lower

other

no

them

upon

orders

is

of

their

sitting
same

Christians
with

common

courtezans

means

by

ment
apart-

The

be

to

often

an

are

Syrian

avowed

no

are

into

women.

said

are

it

family

the

in

least, from

Franks:

these
of

rooms.

at

or,

from

many

there

men,

Jew's

by

upon

condition

them

the

from

Orientals

is introduced

Intrigues

but

Jewesses;

them.

waited

Cairo.

and

visiter
of

prevails

in

residing

nation,

women

is

strange

and

appearance

other

most

as

out

go

bnt

well-furnished

and

strict

from

own

the

fine

home

at

dirty

The

people.

they

before

and

mean

so

European

and

custom

not

women

where

sober

handsomely

dress

contain

are

their

persons

unveiled,

them

of

many

have

307

EGYPT.

as

dress

shabby

even

houses

their

though

or

OF

regarded
them

among

plain

JEWS

commonly

are

wealthy

more

THE

"

among
wretched

very

subsistence

superiors

than

of

the

same

of

the

Jews

religion.

in

Avarice

is

Egypt

than

to

avoid

the

It

is

this

They

for

and

honest

of the

others
A

few

of

though

others

probity.

Some

pursue

the

in

the
more

the

make

Jews

wealthy

are

of
are

retail

in

and
or

grocers

general

less

are

power,

wealth.

figure

their

of their

in

houses.

religious

commercial

their

sarrafs

goldsmiths

are

trades

"

much

of

performance

of

their

shabby

so

seyrefees,

are

of

appearance

fulfilment

they
in

possessed

overreaching

the

where
means

every

exterior

strict

in

by

they

Egyptian

money-lenders)
strict

the

countries

being

that

reason

and,

Many

of

characteristic

other

careful,

suspicion

neglect

are

in

are

generally

are

ordinances

of

those

of

They

oppressed.

public,

particularly

more

actions,
trans-

contracts.
"

(or

are

bankers

esteemed

silversmiths
or

and
men

and

fruiterers, "c.

merchants.

308

III."

in

civilization,

the

long

ere

case,

in

have
it

(before

most

too

late

be

has

interest, for

that

of this

Egypt
of

degree
The

will

effected

military
been

which

be

of the

This

Bdsha

reason,

successors,

state

of

degree

of

have

persons

naval

that

and

and

the

by

will

during

best

it

shews

because
in ihe

be

yet

of

the

of

has

Mohammad

policy generdUly

present edition

almost

certainly
European

have

already

removed

which

entire.

so

any

people.

extensive,

it has

period

the

of

he has

but

more

with

can

of which

results

prejudice

the

that

introduction

Already
of

is the assertion,

absurd

absolute

tactics, the

weight

it is retained

how

of the

state

present

representative

is almost

great reform,

written

was

with

many

the

acquainted

high

of the

given

called

respects, desirable.

portion of

will

be

soon

well

legislativeassembly

propriety

and

will

attempt)

which

and

country shews
a

considerable,

most

I have

possesses

this

excited

and

centuries,

which

account

government

the

spread

to

they probably

become

to

make

to

but

of
these

on

begun

yet

that

anxious

advance

lines

few

Europe

immutable.

almost

The

themselves;

existed,

many

add

in

spread

general

not

expectation

been

society which

deemed

the

the

have

EGYPT.*

been

to

me

customs

Egyptians

and

and

induce

Egypt,

subjects. European
among

have

innovations,

late

respecting

IN

reports whicli

exaggerated

The

INNOVATIONS

LATE

OF

and, in
a

great

long

'Alee's
followed

pre-

rule

; for

by

his

from

vented

the

Turks

among

the

nations

them

that

far

superior

made

them

more

we

in

manifest

of

which

they

teach

regarded by

their
world

omen

imitate

its effects

of

habit

of

become
the

the dominant

principles of
have

the

not

The

community.

foundations
with

apathy,

Providence
and

the

expected
The

but

to

at

ensue

of

the

furtherance

his

impoverished
;

but

the

solely intended
the
other
^

subject
I have

its
than

transmitted

higher

officers

Egypt.

and

new

has

He

have

members

issued
of his

is

printed

affairs

list of these

however,
of

the

works

to

of

the

to

assist

the
look

to

seem

on

decrees

in

the

of

work,
be

reasonably

may

and

almost

He

has

the

from

the

sole,

but

all

manufactures
a

it

at

another

are

seldom

Royal

Asiatic

in

have

printingare

almost

military, naval,

government.
the

of

introduced

established

instruction

paragraphs,

the

spread (though

manufactures

his

for

to

remote.

grand,

of

newspaper

soon

very

the

which

the

has

yet

fabric

not

been

people.

for the

followed, and

powerful empire, independent

project ;

works

servants.^
Citadel

whole

sciences, arts, and

this

of

probably

Basha

present

European

many

have

to

the

the

to undermine

resignation

period

acquisition of

object

civil

of

and

inferior

as

to

indifference

begun

latter

with

will

they

overthrow

Porte, appears

office

least

at

or

the

fork

an

wealthy

is evident

the

have

been

and

doubtless

among

former

El-Islam

of

innovation

so)

led

remarkable

class will

done

yet

have

of the

number

great

this

by

knife

as

more

no

Muslim

Christian

the

immediately

That

is indicated

the

wine

among

government.

religion

of

use

openly drinking
common

they

the

of

of

as

philosophical

several

what

already

unreflecting mind
the

so

it has

desirous, to learn
One

by

luxuries:

our

by adopting

began

of

in

us

practice is

accustomed,

were

not

an

rank

by convincing

and

awfully portentous, and hailed by the

of the brightest promise.
The
Turks

as

relative

science

them.

is considered

but

branches
to

to

be

might

importance

civilized

general willing, if

able

are

the

our

that

to

maintaining

of

of

one

309

INNOVATIONS.

LATE

and

in

press,
on

It

any
is in

Society.

310

SUPPLEMENT.

Turkish

Arabic.

and

in

appear

week

times, only

other

at

three

Sometimes,

numbers
is

one

it

of
in

published

month.^
I

have

candidly

Mohammad
his

which
To

he

has

another

been

Turkish

Sultan

In

Mahmood.

While

forces.
trivial

in

which

he

is

one

less

important

renders

applicable

mastabahs

in
them

two

shops,
of

unless

to

aspect.

written,

the

Some

"

people

the

thus

and

externally;

Cairo

of

the

unsightly

after

years

be

to

sooks

were

the

tradesmen

to

aspect

of

only

of about
their

(or coverings)
replacing

of

this

whitewash
the

and

lost much

consequence,

required

the

paint

to
"

not

caused

width

it

as

Cairo

pulled down,

foregoing portion

picturesque

of

prohibiting the

has, in

the

mention,

lately

sakeefehs

"

estimate

shops

has

He

us

and

at,

I should

and

obliged the

Cairo

of wood.

discipline of

would

parts, generally to

the

his

shewn

aimed

'Alee
streets

has

of

many

by coverings

Arabian

remove

shaded

which

he

time,

same

them

ordered

and

matting

them

the

At

has

military dress

we

state.

wider

the

new

When

the

"with

sovereign,
the

'Alee

present

in the

he

in

the

thoroughfare-streets

the

be rebuilt

to

spans.

their

to

of

most

of

description

my

altogether
allowed

in

of Mohammad

acts

him

closelyimitating

more

important objects.'

more

which

was

j, Mohammad

introduced

of the

One

Sultan

in

severity.

compare

especially

that

and

for his

excuses

[late]nominal
point of view,

and

of

policy

circumstances

should

(as,for instance,

matters

attained,
*

the

the

his

every

latter

the

large

the

erroneous,

but

fairly,we

reformer,

superiority to
his

offer

placed

character

of his

judge

respects

severely oppressed

are

that

opinion,

my

is in several

'Alee

people

stated

note

their

streets

of

of its
was

houses

further

was

marred.
2

The

dress

the

by

worn

Egypt

is still

[1835] quite

which

is

worn

now

being
waist

at
to

little

parts
nearly

wrist

jacket

with

outward
those

European
manner,

the

to

the

shoes
a

the
A

vest
are

in

those

persons,

elbow,

vest

but

(the

worn

worn

waist-belt.

but

and

the

The

some

dress

pair

jacket

described, and
by

of

persons.

of the

the

of

at

very

are

this

red

The

private

turban,
red

be

cap

wound,

full from

the

soldiers

from

part), a
made

without
sword

divided

the

girdle, a

shoes, complete

is sometimes

vest

to

of

tight leggings which

which

of

Bashi

the

; the

always
are

pair

the
of

in winter

trousers

sleeves

of

want

used

generally buttoned

sleeves, socks,
above

shawl
The

the

only

and

knee, overhanging

tight

but

everything

head-dress.

officers

other

some

Kashmere

or

regular

generally

of the

of

muslin

below

hanging

dress

by

the

them.

of

form

like

present

few

by

which

alone, over

military and
Turkish

with

sleeves
is

now

; and

hung

consists

of

the

sleeves
black
in
a

our

vest

his

character

painful

to

this

to

he

reflect

time

granted

of

however,

this,
he

the

in

they

of

which

said

been

the

the

important

have

blood

their

which

is

affairs

whom

people
his

rule
;

tranquillity,
toleration

in
beneficial

highly

conduct

under

affected

an

instructed

be

eventually

of

general

the

for

anarchy

been

may

which

political

impoverished

for

and

secrecy

certainty

greatly

fanaticism

must

of

most

exchanged

them

the

of

with

recourse

asylum

"

have

undisguised
many

the

in

be

may

have

governs

but

East

the

most

Constantinople.

account

on

scale

estimate

just

'Alee,

Mohammad

maintained

form

to

had
end

when

of

gutters

he

that

opposite

fact

desirable

most

the

Memlooks,

admit

refugees

the

in

ran

difficult

in

Greek

the

to

countrymen
is

for

place

the

should

we

expedient

same

It

of

massacre

upon,

horrid

the

at

the

by

311

INNOVATIONS.

LATE

sciences

to

and

while

and
the

arts

nation

at

large.

and

kind

cap,

(the

trousers

of

and

coarse

red

red

shoes.

latter

serge,

similar

or,

to

in

summer,

those

above

of

described,
white

cotton,

but

with

not

so

the

full),
girdle,

of

red

312

APPENDIX

ORNAMENTS.

FEMALE

The
them

would

If

of

some

imagination

in

those

are

which

The
and

"

spangles

of

the

gilt

The

"

muslin,

of

times,

mizagee

so

thirteen
in

suspended
The

are

black

The

few

other

is bound

round

rabtah

there

lower

edge
head

the

above

the

; and

bosses

spangles, with

Sometimes

it, along the

part,

of

the

of

the

of

similar

ornamented

ornamented

of the

rabtah

crape,

case,

and

of

composed

is

together

several

less.

Its

of about

twelve

or

close

for about

end,

and

together,

small

edging,

the

tassels,of

with

spangles

part in the

middle.

central

part being

it is tied

behind,

ends, drawn

ornamented

with

finger, or

each

at

former,

in this
or

placed

edging,

an

space
are

; and

is also

; the

edge

It

the

for

"

described.

been

breadth

the

the

; and

muslin

rose-coloured, folded

spangles, which

diamonds, "c., or
a

worn.

own

tarboosh

*^

ornamented

patterns

generally

about

with

round

have

or

central

ornamented

silks.

part of the

very

band,

narrow

feet.

forehead, generally

upper
the

to

mizagee

the

of

various-coloured

ornament

an

wound

of rabtah

tiieir

of

least

orders.

is often

rose-coloured

idea

I first describe

of

rabtah

in fanciful

or

kinds

commonly

five

form

length,

same

is

inches, is
the

the

shall,

at

may

entirely to

composed

latter,when
of

black

common

more

as

some

convey

middle

allows,

useless.

ornaments.

of the

mentioned,

part

of

generally

is

form

to

as

front

almost

and

females

been

work

general readers, it

left

costumes

plain silver,disposed

or

most

is about

length

Arabian

will

of

description

this

be

or

these

; and

of

nature

engravings,

often

are

various, that

so

the

interesting to

not

already
The

"

of

(or kerchief), which

The

always plain.

or

"

itself

rabtah

strip

has

rabtah."

is called

limits

by ladies, and

worn

faroodeeyeh

^^

be

representing

head-dress

are

which

number

artists, who

to

use

Egypt

principalkinds

the

subject

the

the

great

all

describe

rest.

of

women

exceed

require

however,
the

the

far

all would

and

be

of

ornaments

A.

at

forward, hang

over

the
over

bosom.*

The
diameter

^'

kurs

"

is

; which

round,

is veiy
1

See

convex

generally
figurein

the

ornament,
worn

by

engraving

commonly

ladies.
in page

about

It is sewed
83

of this vol.

five
upon

inches

the

crown

in

314

APPENDIX

hundred

and

seldom

twenty-five or
of

made

general
kurs

they

inferior
,

for

for

one

the

in bed.

plate

of very

almost

if

always
the

in

':et

with

lined

by

many

worn

thick

kurs,

emerald
be

of wax,

coat

who

women

nor

which

afford

cannot

ruby
with

; and

kurs

of paper.

diamonds

purchase

facets

simple gold
piece

and

facets,

with

cut

to

convex

with

cut

is here

false.^ The

to

belo'vv

represented

an

another

merely

third

glass),not

green

is covered

have

some

(or, of gold), is

form

the

considered

; and
"

dahab
the

but

get

painful

of headache

complain

night;

to

first

is at

our

diamond

the

ordinary wearing

handsomer

(a piece of

the

generally

for

kurs

"

and

day

the

to

-with

endeavour

weight,
it

is very

attached

wear

generally

wearing

It

accordance

in

sometimes

one

and

larger

of

it

have

gold, usually of

Neither

centre.

with

kind

of

retain

false emerald

habit

ladies

little

embossed

cut, they would

so

they

Some

other

thin

gold, when

not

and

diamonds,

the

in

hence

bed.

^The

"

of

kurs, being of considerable

particular occasions,a

wear

of

are

it off:

those

effect,though

fond

who

women

take

that

pounds sterling.

of petty tradesmen

even

The

bad.

; and

wear

when

wives

fifty

and

I think
richer

extremely

are

however

some,
to

The

taste.

they

have

hundred

silver ; and

deep-red tarboosh,

A.

is

It is
even

by

inches

in

servants.

some

^^kussah''

The

is

length, composed
and

front

several

seen

kussah
as

the

on

is the

bier

of

and

middle

same

The

**

If of

of

consisting

"

of

They
of

head,
of

Instead

"

'*

hildl

the

reesheh.

and

three

than

by

to

It is

it.

I have

back.

covering

decorate

to

females

The

gold.

of
shawl

her

employed

worn

of the

half

higher

is
In

circle.

with

the

in the

form

of

the

form

of two
to

of the

usual

few

kussah,

pearl

small

festoons,one
back

the

on

part

front
of

side

or

it resembles

old ; its width

to

of the

diamonds
the

in addition

sometimes

proceed

(literally, feather,")is
the

of

addition

kussah

and

shawateh,
which

crescent

length

pearls arranged

of

composed

are

each

ornaments,

two

centre, like the

often

"

on

; and

length

in

the

in

worn

lace
neck-

in

the

emeralds.
each

of the

side
dress,
head-

ear-ring.

and

ornaments
"

nights
a

the

shiteh,*')are
pearls,about the
"

they

rabtah

inches

fifteen

or

in the

them

extremity

to

kussah

worn
"

the

the

the

or

ornament,

set

to

them,

are

describe.

sprig

of diamonds

set

in

gold or

head-dress.
in

phasis of

being small, and

gold
the
its

or
moon

silver, and
when

outward

worn

between

edge

the

head-dress.

strings of

uniting

of

kind

same

singular,

more

to

from

reesheh
It is

silver.
The

narrow

other

some

The

the

the

the

lace, and

sometimes,

or,

worn

latter,is

is fourteen

size,it

described;

attached

are

the

or

emerald

hereafter
manner

likewise

the

instead

bride, outside

are

the

for

encircles

(in

three

pierced

like

name

full

half

shawateh

"

with

ornaments

former,

is another

than

more

The

of

silver

in

set

at

classes.

manner.

rather

head

emeralds, rubies,

with

little hooks

by

"c.,

the

on

eight

to

seven

sometimes

emeralds, "c., suspended

or

diamonds,

these

; and

female.

'Enebeh

""

kurs

gold,

and

attached

rabtah,

of

generallyplaced

is

also

of the

kussahs

in

set

of diamonds

pearls ; having drops

worn

generally from

ornament

an

of diamonds

not

like
two
more

FEMALE

OBNAMEHTS.

iDed

of

.h Arabic

ir^,"

part
tb"

or

former

connected

it

is

kind

cotnposed
are

together,

here
to

of

gold

with

diamaads,
One

represented.
be

worn

on

the

of

front

of

consists

the

words, and

attached

rubies, "c.
theae

plate of gold,

thin

to

bead-dresa

lower

speciioens of

Two
of

haTing

the

three
;

kamsrahs
the

central

the

contains

health!);

that

Ya

the

on

Emeen"

Ya

"

"

words

Kafee

left,

317

ORNAMENTS.

FEMALE

Hafiz"

Ya

"

"

Shafee

Ya

I 0

Sufficient

(0

(0 Preserver!):

(0 Trustworthy!); these, therefore,

Restorer

that

the

on

charms

are

to

right,
well

as

as

ornaments.

The

"

sakiyeh
of

ornament

precious
part.

(or water-wheel),

in the

is

the

in

worn

small

bark

centre, and
same

from

called

so

with
filigree-work,

gold

stone

It

"

emeralds

and

manner

with

as

circular

diamond

or

from

the

suspended

kamarah,

the

is

form,

its

pearls, and

or

lower

the

with

flat
other

latter

ornament.

The

'ood

"

borrowed
madan

and

the

in

middle,
which

pieces

the

with,
The

"

the

"

former

latter,

Several
the

upon
Of

kinds

those

"

two

of

comb

described
It is

next

silver
here

than

extremities

of two

It is

hook

worn

which

by

to

place of, or

in the

in

gold, worn
before

the

small

manner

same

generallywith

this, and

chains

and

hook,

similar

somewhat

piece

and

of

crystal

hook,

and

having

glass,set

attached

bark

to

(which signifies carnelion

"

"

'akeek

"

colourless

of

or

just mentioned,

those

to

posed
com-

gold,

in

the

bottom.

"),

and

the

(" crystal ").

the

in

head-dress

; but

halak

of

shapes

seldom

")

within

is

The

is that

for the

its

also

flowers, butterflies,"c., are

worn

alone.

there

represented.

gilt,to prevent

given

and

little

attached.

is called

drop suspended
is

is

form, composed

same

chains

suspended by

first is of diamonds

wreath

ear

hanging

set

of

the

usual

more

in silver.

It consist

real size.

being tarnished

right

Some

great variety.

Ear-rings" eacfc,haJlfthe
of

the

towards

bottom.

It

doubtedly
un-

Moham-

that

surprising

described.

little

ornaments.

ornaments

here

is

ornament

chains

two

kind

the

along
before

ornament

an

ear-rings ("
are

of

gold, of

of

case

ornament

appellation.

it this

the

of

kind

it is

smaller

middle, having
just

five bark

belloor

give

rather

wood,

of bark

carnelion, or

suspended by
"

in

(or comb)

of
or

of

the

row

is also
of

in

kinds

four

There

The

misht

more

having

enclosed

ornaments

three

or

one

two

it, and

cross) is

; and

Christians

wear

piece

unite

it, and

suspend

as

slender

the

the

of

wood

(or

from

should

women

round

"

es-saleeb

its fellow

from

sprig.

The

by perspiration.
is similar

; but

back
The

with

of

the

specimen
the

sprig

This

reversed.
the

second,
of

place

the

set

in

an

emerald

by

as

when

not

six

mostly

precious
fourth

is

the

the

to

many

("

pearls, or
here

front

of

view

"

asawir
of

of

generally made

of

them.

of the

libbeh."

"

kind

It

the

is

of

(sometimes

and

lower

following

orders.

^The

"

(which signifies barley").

(A) and a back view (B) of

long

kind

other

of

necklace,

precious stones,

long necklace

of

this

kind

coins.

from

those

workmanship,
A

of several
Most

centre.

and

or

little

so

their

seven),

necklaces

consists

This

diamonds
form

of

the

^There is also

"

hair

centre,

five,or
The

space

of

the

"

side view

diff*er

describe

not

"

plaits

"

is called

middle

string

of beads

preceding engraving,

different

not

generallya

the

second

in

sha'eer

"

the

are,

common

and

among

the

finger-ringwithout

badness

of

stone

is

dibleh."

")

of

are

gold

portion

fashionable

bracelets

need

or

In

the

in

the

series

others.

^The

Egyptian gold

or

clumsiness

the

centre.

the

women

")

khitims

the

in

gold bracelet, which

less

necklace.

Turkish

or

inserted.
a

of

Some

"debleh,"

females

of the

three, or

third

of

done

never

is

the

would

generally,in

are

emerald
^The

which

they

; but
is

"

bead

kiladeh."

sequins,

engraving

are

as

composed

are

there

from

coral),in the

of

composed

finger-rings ("

Bracelets

These

small

similar

are

that

so

is

There

"

flattish

girdle,and
^'

jewels, that

but

process

is surrounded

of

they

manner,

gold.

description.

of this

appendages

which

pearls.

or

peculiarform,
gold. I give

its

of hollow

ourselves, except

or

any

called,from

them

there

"

but

ornament

of

extremities

in

set

pierced

sometimes

by

worn

Venetian

of

the

suspended

are

extremity

colour,

or

of diamonds

this

each

usual

gold beads, with

stone, and

is called

called

gold,

gold, with

of

length

sometimes

(and

diamonds

of

of

2ndly.

string.

are

is of

hollow

of

reaching

the

ornament

are

composed

of

of

all

in

these

between

pearls, with

seldom

the

are

and

this

spoiled by

balls

is

sprig
above

which
filigree-work,

"c.

beyond
in the

is tied

ladies

by

composed

inches

more

necklace

necklaces

pearl

The

of

diamond

is of

quite tight, which

size, form, material,

in

of

strings

or

parts

worn

first

if tied

seven

or

other

or

differing

with

last

description

inches

ten

neck

necklace

these

bead

which

and

of the

consists

next

Egypt,

lower

seven

another

is

than

the

inches

conceal

one

the

small

^The

"

in fine

is set

To

")

ekd

more

the

three

is

ruby

gold.

"

with

in

facets.

have
a
great variety ; but
particulars. 1st. The beads,

about

extends

It

with

cut

The

("

encircle

entirely

are

same.

middle,

also

So

"

largepearl in the

diamonds

The

almost

altogether,

the

the

of wealth.

it has

that* the

and

of the

view

lady

that

former, except
wreath,

generally pierced

are

of

necklace

following

one

being

not

balls

Egyptians

of

side

for

is suited

bark.

The

and

3 is

centre.

fifteen

circular

and

pierced through

in the

ruby
by

No.

the

drop

Emeralds

much

ear-rings

resembles

diamond

gold.

emerald.
as

of

pair

which

319

ORNAMENTS.

FEMALE

No.

"

of

the

is formed
kind

gold

diamonds

The

alone.
1

is

of

of bracelet
are

pulled

of fine Venetian

kinds

view

of

simple

twist.

of twisted
open

gold, which

stones

^No. 3

"

"

be

is very

No.

put

in

set

represented

is

very

4 is also
on

gold,
in

an

bracelet,with
fashionable

most

gold.

little to

are

diamond

^No. 2 is the

"

precious

common

side

same.

other

or

more

the

flexible.

kind

of

common,

of

wrist.

gold.
"

They

320

A,

APPENDIX

The

of

ornaments

the

all

that

fuxir I shall

the
of

hair

the

head,

is

These

plaits

always

of

an

generally

are

are

from

number

uneven

fifteen

and

plaits, or

in

arranged

except

eleven

been

the

mentioned

forehead

and

Three

back.

number

in

number

scanty

the

times

the

down

hang

twenty-five

to

is considered

has

over

which

braids,

eleven

common.

more

It

"

little

eocft,htHf the real tite.

Bracelets"

temples,

describe.

next

of

number

but

thirteen

black

silk

4-

I
Gl
1, 2, 3, 4. Bark.

M"soorah.

6.

Habbeh.

6.

Shiftisheh.!

7.

JSach, half the real tixe.

strings (three
from

sixteen

about

black

called
common

"

of

which

from

each

the

their

Pronounced

'*

length

plaits of

are

of

hair,

inches

is bound

keytans ;" and

of which

plait

eighteen

to

quarter

silk

separate

to

round

together with

shiltlsb'eh."

they
the

hair, which

here

length,

in
or

each

and

and

head,

certain

almost

in

to

this

conceal.

ornaments

represented, compose

united

braided

attached

are

they

are

three

what

of

the

at

with
lace

hair

for

or

band

of

hang

case

These

See, again, the engraving in vol. i.,page

entirely

strings are

gold, "c.,

is termed

top),

the

the

the
"

more

saf i."-

54^ of this work.

322
has

APPENDIX

deprived

sound

**

only description of

hegab/*

have

or

thin

accidental

ladies'

ornaments

is

chapter,

generally hung

the

on

such

shaa-llah"

"Ma

as

kadi-1-hagat
central

third

of

ends,
such

ornaments

women,

of

of

instead

this,

sequins (which
and

has

the

been

tarboosh

the

is called
The

rabtah.

'aj])ehor
kiirs

exception

'asbeh,which

an

of

faroodeeyeh,

with

gold kamarahs, sakiyeh, misht, "c.

The
halak," or ear-rings, are
"

gold
latter

and

precious

have

stones

coloured

; but

bead^

bark

the

attached
1

by

poor

to

Ch.

the

insert

to

that

")

is

child's

16.

of

that

of

the

are

some

wear,

front

with

; and

of silver.

Some
many

of

the

described,

forms.

brass

these

consists

sta*iugof Venetian

along

variety
few

described.

head-dress

before

as

head-dress.

be

decorated

of

Hegabs
well

as

villages,generally

worn

hemispherical

now

an

is about

it

Ya

"

together.

worn

bottom.

the

ornaments

children,

must

sometimes

V.

!").

with

Sometimes,

common,

iu.

being

and

62, of vol. i. ; and

them.

chain

pass]")
be

to

many

in the

great

more

of

case

chain, and

inscriptions;

paper

along

reader

other

of

to

folded

orders

also

preserve
a

Arabic

needful

h(ver

in page

is

bear

attached

the

some

or

often

benad'kah

tarboosh

string

string,

faroodeeyeh.

sheddeh

"

are

of the

some

the

are

worn

of the

described
and

of

are

remind

or

[cometh

that
to

row

form

females

perhaps, to

the

string,

cylindricalcases,

are

has

latter

by

worn

It is necessary,
with

others

to

in

silk

cases

containing

case,

that

real size,

the

these

things

cloth,

enclosed

the

is

kinds

"5

willeth

triangular form,

of the

those

; and

women

of

fl^*

"

God

the

each

to

describe

the

waxed
and

girdle ;

gold, attached

of

the

scrolls

contain
or

of

thin, flat

thick

Sometimes

Decreer

What

("

hegabs

inch

these,

as

is

one

an

and

The

("

of three

engraving
The

"

the

one-fourlh of

"

left shoulder.

the

with

of

the

to

hereafter.

to

yet

other

or

covered

above

right side,

Hegdbs

over

one

perhaps

or

be mentioned

I have

is attached

^6

passed

that
of

this,^

to

will

injury by moisture,

pollution, or

gold, or silver,which

embossed

alludes
which

writing

eleventh

in the

described

it from

of anklet

This

amulet.

Isaiah

kind

another

produced by

The

reason."

of my

me

A.

the

gold
as

are

of

the

of
the

The
of

khizam,"

"

the

of the

women

and

towns

made

three

or

before

partly

orders

both

of

; is from

inch

an

and

to

mouth

inch

an

the

hand

when

she puts
is

sight

as

mouth.

before

patriarch
who

and

; and

it up

has
to

hangs

with

one

an

that

mentioned

;^

This

gold.
and

is

unaccustomed

tioned
men-

the

to

ornament.

style similar

of

Abraham

are

of

reverse

of

country

nose

hold

It is sometimes

those

the

I have

obliged

few

blue, attached

the

to

commonly

diameter

and

of

ala

in the

is most

in

red

by

worn

real lize.,

the

To

It

half

right

of the

is

described.

to

the

libbeh

I have

which

those

sha

and

are

eer

-,

by

women*

some

composed 'of

lower

coloured

orders

of

form

; but

beads:

glass

strings,with

the

made"in

are

of the

of several

sometimes,

one

their

or

larger

more

The

network..

often

of ornaments,

each,

less.

or,

Some

two

wear

necklaces

necklaces
of

sometimes,

composed

are

the

in

of

monly
com-

centre

being

women,

necklaces

three

or

most

are

and

single string;

beads

Egyptian

fond
penny

her

time

Ezekiel.^

by

many

is

half

certainly
nose-ring
'ekd," or necklace, is generally

"

already

.they

into

the

as

and

of it, the

The

worn

anything

ancient

Isaiah^

by

the

wearer

Hose-rings"

ornament

and

is

of those

Egypt.

glass beads, generally

that

so

by

Lower

always passed through

the

and

khuzam,"

"

called

Cairo,

in

Upper

coloured

more

It is almost

it.

lower

villages

of brass

usually

nose-ring, commonly

or

323

ORNAMENTS.

FEMALE

large

sively
exces-

of

value

the

of

': or

of transparent

beads

amber.
Another
"

tok,"

ornament

of silver

pieces

scarcely
more,

The

1
"*

coloured
than

more

toks

of brass

glass

farthing each;

Ch.
the

is

called

ring,

sometimes

this

wear

of iron.
Brass

universallyworn.

them,
and

neck

girls, also,

almost

in

set

the

on

made

are

are

"

asawir,"

Genesis

or

or

copper

xxiv.

of

bracelets, are
; and

of the

purchased

maybe
women

many

47, where, in

our

xvi.

V.

margin.

form

rings,

Cairo

in

three,

two,

wear

Ch.

iii.

Here,

again,

mistake

is made

in

Some

those

as

*'

version,

common
a

12.

kinds.

various

same

nose-ring."
'

in

See

of

smaller

them

Little

pewter.

or

or

of

many

for
or

of these.

of brass

some

of the

of silver

Finger-rings
with

brass

or

Some

ornament.

by

worn

v.

of

are

gold

ear-ring

"

is

of
before

silvei ; and

described.

impropeily

put

for

21.

our

common

version, but

corrected

324

APPENDIX

of

Those

brass

amber

large
called

of the

Some

hair

of

women

strings

which

women

of these

tassel

they

with

are

by

classes

appendages
"

end,

of

the

among
feet.

iron

Arabs,

I have

their

or

of

of

seen

anklets.

than

that

verse

16.

of

there

is

These,

blue

the

of

kind,

common

very

glass, generally
and

competed

or

but

green,

bracelets,

bone

are

and

are

"

to

the

ladies

with

; but

their

their

hair

of

each

it

the

is

only

into

of

on"/ourtfi

eAe

in

superiors

arranging
black

the

these,

general practice
behind,

tresses

two

rtal

silk
of

the

and

to

size.

half

than

more

strings,

each
the

towards

way

of

sit

silver, already described,

are

before

tassels

which

ground

they

the

aside

draw

silk

red

three

has
;

down.

that

so

These

*okoos."

richer
worn

of

solid

peasants,

and

by

children.

girls or

many

more

plaiting,

tresses,

Perhaps
the

imitate

and

reaches

for

orders

Neck-ring"

or

anklets,
the

lower

these

called

are

some

khulkhils

bracelets

also

are

and

colours.

divide

to

obliged

Khulkh41,"

wives

to

of

usually

are

the

worn

each

the

at

other

plaits,

T61f

plait,

bone

coloured

opaqae,

with

several

in

of

hand.

the

over

There

common.

others
of

yariegated

drawn

more

and

beads,

ghuweysh4t,"

"

sometimes

their

the

are

A.

little

many

girls

common

the

in

to

Cairo
sound

anklet,

of

Sheykhs
It

women

young

it is to

of the

was

wear

with
of

that

also
a

small

ornaments
Isaiah

villages
a

string

of

and

of

bells
bells

this
in

the

small
custom

common

round

alludes

by

worn

their

on

attached

kind,

rather

chapter

iii.

325

APPENDIX

EGYPTIAN

the

Of

for,

specimens

of

generally

the

w^hich

after

the

fear

from
the
have

such

and

equal

doubt,

no

fitr

"

"

have

is the

former

use

OF

each

may

be

are

LENGTH

more

AND

the

in

cases

little

as

Egypt,

in

exceeding

takes
which

to

care

it

makes,

selling.

in

true

and

received

tradesmen

government,
in the purchases

which

by

those

two

any

other,

in

weights

exact

an

finding

which

the

by

measured

space

The

and

measures

those

MEASURES

The

but

the

give

to

in

considerable:

maximum,

stamped
to

succeeded

not

weights employed

and

able

not

am

just equivalent.

the

Mohtesib, mostly

measures

care,

very
and

to

standards, though

true

been

minimum

nearly

very

of the

has

the

perfectly agreeing with

denomination

same

given

approximating

Egypt,

I have

diligent search,

difference

I have

in

MONEYS.

AND

WEIGHTS,

used

weights

and

measures

account;

MEASURES,

B.

LAND.

thumb

of the

extension

first

and

finger.
The

little

and

The

"

shibr

'^

The

measured

span,

cubit

of

measuring

the

"

(or

for

is used
inches

22

to

"

beledee

cubit), which
equal

common

the

by

of the

extension

thumb

finger.
diraa

"

is the

and

"

the

the
common
country
linen, "c., manufactured

Egyptian
Egypt, is

"

in

two-thirds.

'^

diraa

hindazeh," chieflyused

"

diraa

Istamboolee

for

Indian

measuring

goods,

is about

25

is used

for

inches.
The

measuring
"

The

equal

about

is divided
"

into

kasabahs
22.

now

about

two

The

"

to

and

villages.

any

and

acre

a
or

of

cubit

is about

common

Constantinople"), which
inches

26

of

measure

and

one-tenth.

and

It is

The

one-third.

of

measure

kasabah

man's

half.

land,

(or twenty^fourth parts)

is the

kabdah

malakah,"
obtain

"

keerats

(or rods)

6 inches

The
able

"

most

English

an
"

the

"

(or

European cloth, "c.,

feddan,"

to

"

was,

now

; and
was

few

less than
consists
24

fist with

"

the

years
an

of 333

kabdahs

ago,
It

acre.

square

;"

but

thumb

erect,

I have

not

is
or

quarter.

Egyptian league,is

better

definition

It is different

in

than

Upper

this
and

of which

measure
:

"

That

Lower

it is the

Egypt

as

distance
was

the

been

between
ancient

326

APPENDIX

schoenus,with
hour's

which

journey,

half,

from

or

miles

3f

nearly corresponds.

it

from

or

2^

4^,

to

miles

to
or

"

The

"

The

"

"

ardebb

weybeh
"

ruba

sixth

is the

is the

of

foui'th

of

Lower

Egypt
about

Egypt,

about

it is

hour

an

an

and

more.

MEASURES.

equivalent, very

is
"

In

Upper

in

eren

CORN
The

B.

five

nearly, to

bushels.

English

ardebb.

an

weybeh.

WEIGHTS.
The
of

keerat

The
a

"

kamhah

"

; about

keerat

equal

wheat)

of

of

three-quarters

"

habbeh

"

(or grain
(or grain
of

}g

to

of

is the

48th

is the

English grain, or

an

dirhem,

fourth

or

English grain.

an

barley)

part of

64th

part of

in

dirhem,

or

third

fully equal

commerce

of

to

an

English grain.
The

"

"

keerat
is the

The

of

part
The

rati ;

"

rati

31b.

about,

to

The

grains

weight

of

three

2|}|to

is

have

dirhem

above

as

tioned,
men-

English grains.

of which

"deen^r")

habbehs,

or

been

and

mentioned

half;

from

the

12th

"

"wukeeyeh"
1"

57

(the ounce),

1 lb. 2oz.

is

dirhems,

12

or

English grains.

576

to

dirhems,

144

8dwt., Troy

or

ukeeyehs,

12

or

from

15oz.

lOdr.

from

is

1 lb,

22-fggrains

to

13dr., Avoirdupois.

wukkah,"

"

or

13fdwt.

3oz.

nearly,

or

"

to

2 lb.

dirhems

is 400

3 lb.

12oz.,

4oz., Troy;
2 lb. and

or

(or hundred-weight,

98 lb. and

about

to

English grains.

or

about

kantar

"

48

(or pound), being

to

ukkah,"

"

The
from

"

15oz.

nearly

from

or

subdivisions

the

from

"

5|dwt.

2oz.

(or

"ukeeyeh,"

The

the

kamhahs,

English grains.

72

to
1*^

to

is 4

mitkal,

(or drachm),

47|

"mitkal"

The

of

part

"

dirhem

"

above, is from

71

(or carat), which

24th

(or
from

or

ratls and

21b.

seven-ninths) ;
"

8dr.

lloz.

18f grains

three-quarters, Avoirdupois.
ratls) is

100

t. e,

from

98 lb. minus

200

three-quarters, Avoirdupois.

MONEYS.

pound sterling is

The

which
A
"

was

"

nuss

is also
These
the
the

the

is the

(a corruption
called

reign

of the

it has

Flight, or
is made

of the
of

for

continue

risen, in

two

years,

lent
equiva-

72

piasters;

called, in the

singular,

'precedingyears.

smallest

Egyptian

coin.

of

"

nusf,"
or

El-Mu-eiyad,
fifteenth

mixture

of

our

of silver

It is

signifies half ") or

which

to

from

"

"

meiyedee

"

some

years,

for several

originallygiven
Saltan

likelyto

exchange

meyyedee,"

"

were

names

faddah

of

rate
"

faddah

"

is

Egyptian piasters:

100

to

and

now,

"

(an

in the
era.

and

early part
The

copper

of

abbreviation

which

half-dirhems

the

of the

Turks

(its name

call

faddah

nuss
"

mu-eiyadee "),
were

ninth
it

:" it

"

coined

century

p"rah.

"

in
of
The

signifies"silver**);

327

MONEYS.

fortieth

is the

and

fifths, or

nearly

Th,ere
faddah,"
or

pieces

and

"

of 5,

pieces of five, "c.)

These

pieces, which
and

farthings
the

as

to

"kirsh,"

the

hundredth

Sultan's

part of

inch

an

; and

cipher

Misr," commonly

of

the

year

coins

value

of four

The

"

pence

above

The

coins

Th6

one.

dollar

"

of

"

The

riyal
pence

"

"

of

"

of the

coin

of

bears

("

coined

in

'Alee's

Mohammad
of

1808-9

or

the

it

The

era),

our

inscriptions

is

"

bi-arba*ah
small

(A

the

"

"?.

of the

gold coin,

"

or

value

of

nine

"

bi-tis'ah

kheyreeyeh

piasters, or

(".e.

twenty-

Egypt

is

the

Spanish
was

then

(or,

"

purse,

is

and

so

the

In,

for

called

of

sum

the

are

the
the

about,

has

of

value

"

which

five

year

riyal ;"
to

hundred

and

pillared

of
of

called

dollars,

(called

sequin

(which

called

is

ninety
the

faddahs,

Flight
order

that

by

piasters, or

taken
mis-

Spanish

is sixteen

from

be

twenty-

The

Venetian

value

are

pillarsbeing

ninety faddahs, by

continued

them

the

names.

English sovereign

passed

simply

the

money,

or

")

; but

; the

distinguishing

too

nominal

dollar

is the

"),

kind

ev^ry

cannon

also

debloon

tb

of

most

pillared dollar, to

Spanish

given

scarce.

Egypt

in

current

the

having

have

of faddahs

number
or

"

; but

Egypt

in

also

are

"),

two-fifths.

above-mentioned

coins.
current

country

bundukee

and

dollar

"kees,"

"

this

in

for

(A.D. 1771-2),

The

"

Misr

is,

above

pieces

face

above.

kheyreeyeh

called,

so

faransi

othei*s

Arabic

current

The

Flight,
coined

was

as

that

three-fifths.

and

pence

dollars

midfa'

aboo

"

ginyeh,'*for guinea).

Bey.

of the

the

one

date

kheyreeyeh,"

small

gold

riyal

"

or

the

equivalent

shilling;

fee

it

"

Egyptian piasters :

twenty

bendukee

five

the

American

(called in

"

called

"

nine

is

with

be

exactly similar.

properly

"

The

(1223

only Egyptian

cannons.

"

composition

same

to

of

On

duriba

"

Arabic,

which

in

fifth

diameter.

Cairo),

". e,

Constantinople are

and
to

likewise

piaster **).

one-fifth,two

and

shewn

composition

same

in

in

below

or

the

other,

commonly

"),

the

are

of

is called

doubloon

half

(i.e.

three-fifths.

name

for

is

"

nine"),

of

European
equivalent

(or

"

of the

been

the

sterling, or

is of

Masr,

piasters, or

and

The

already

almost

are

kheyreeyeh

"kheyreeyeh
one

has

government

of four

kheyreeyeh

piaster,

one-eighth

the

on

saadeeyeh,

"

and

government

of his

other

The

one-fifth,are

It

called

the

to

the

and

"

"

bi-*eshreen

farthing

and

pound

two-fifths.

and

accession

to

penny

Egyptian

or

and

pence

kat'ah

kirsh

nuss

equivalent respectively

are

two-fifths, and

single

mentioned,

called

"

faddah," "c.),

ansaf

khamset
and

faddahs.

The

two

for

"

bi-'asharah,"

last is also

the

(so called

kat*ah

"

twenty-

"'asharah

faddah,"

"khamseh

faddahs,

20

"

faddah

'eshreen

six

to

farthing.

10, and

bi-khamseh,"
"

'*

piaster ; consequently equivalent

of

quarter,

are

kat'ah

"

of

part

of

1185

'Alee

period,
this
five

the

name.

pounds

sterling.
The

"

khazneh,"

sterling.

or

treasury,

is

thousand

purses,

or

five

thousand

pounds

328

APPENDIX

HOUSEHOLD

The

following
for

required

the

to

list

of
the

by

year

himself

given

EXPENDITURE

account

an

one

of

consisting

is

the

of

CAIRO.

IN

and

quantities

family

three

and

in

C.

person
I

women.

insert

of

the

it

as

household

of

prices

middle
a

stores

class

Cairo,

in

supplement

necessary

7.

page

Piastres.

Wheat,

eight

Grinding^

the

ardebbs,

about

400

above

60

Bakhig

40

Meat,

from

ra^l and

one

Vegetables,

about

half

half

to

piaster

ratls (or

two

piaster

and

half)

diem

per

660

diem

per

185

Rice

100

Semn

(or clarified

butter),

about

^ant^rs,

two

326

Coffee

185

Tobacco

(Gebelee)
half

Sugar,

200

l^ant"r, about

100

Water

100

Firewood,

(or donkcu-loads)

^^unlehs

seven

75

Charcoal
Oil

100

(for

Candles

two

or

lamps),

three

about

^ant"r,

125

(tallow)

100

Soap

..90
2,726

The

above

sterling

sum

the

family
1

In

butter,
now

this

in
;

the

the

first

unless

stated

it

above.

daily,

two
was

in

weekly

eighteen

his

editions

smuggled

work,

the

town.

seven

or

seldom

there
It

about

are

entirely
veiy

this

into

twenty-seven

pence,

house

of

to

expenses

almost

is

account

women

equivalent

is
the

consequently,

; and
tobacco

total

for

pounds,

piasters

and

of

the

the

use

five

shillings,

shillings

ten

and

pence
six-

half.

The
of

master

the

smoking.
was

would

mistake
be

cheap

here
at

the

in

the

price

price which

of

the

I have

330

APPENDIX

DIRECTIONS

FOR

THE

E.

OF

TREATMENT

DYSENTERY

AND

OPHTHALMIA.
Every
of

pei*son who

and

treating dysentery

known

them

seldom

requiring

In

with

an

in this

step

and

speedy

case,

the

or

success

than

four

food

of

first in

ipecacuanha

be

taken

patient should
Butter, and grease

day.

In

the

drop

of

grains of
each

(or
together
should

wash
be
with

of

that

of

salt to

diseased

but

boiled

frequently

On

of

grain

times

the

opium

each

in

ceeding
suc-

with

rice, sweetened

used.

of water, to be

not

them

"

at

grains

of

Sulphate
equal, success

applied

same

a-day.

(or

To

"c., would

in the

quantity

mixed

of

copper

(or

white

sulphate
zinc

; in the
former

the

an

; and

dropped

an

ounce

vitriol)has
of ten

in

the

astringent wash.

seven

eye

adhering

ter
parts of fresh but-

inflammation

to

single

the

into

from

eyelids
three

proportion

manner

of water, for

be

the

with

When

; and

open

vitriol),consisting of

prevent

bedtime.

of

blue

kept

water, should

of pure

ounce
once

on

of two

great, but

an

be

should

little citron-ointment

be rubbed

the

of

mild

calomel.

of

four

same

morning,

to

The

evening.

kind, flesh-meat, eggs,

bowels

of copper

sulphate

eye)

sleep,a

composed

grains to

the

quarter

the

in
in

grains

the

nothing

of every

ophthalmia, the

solution

in

eat

; and

cases;

disease.

attack

an

evening

The

little sugar.

aggravate

and

morning

worst

very

days.

taken

two

never

taken, it is advisable

take,

to

with
aperient ; as fifteen grains of rhubarb
of
two
following day,
ipecacuanha with
grains
should

been

modes

following
often, and

the

five

or

the

them

in

has

others, is

with

tried

complete
more

scruple

acquainted
I have

unwholesome

any

emetic

be

ophthalmia.

be continued

to

dysentery, when

begin
next

fail of

should

Egypt

visits

a
slight,

is
of

water

grains

may

employed

been
to

an

proportion

ounce

of three

331

APPENDIX

F.

EDITOR'S

NOTES.

I."
The

following

Census

Egypt
nearly

double

is

country

estimated

were

Middle

that
which

of the

(1859)

El-JK^alyoobeeyeh

at

and

than

more

the

that

it, I

the

this

shews,

return

inhabitants

of

Cairo

320,000.

691,294

El-Kuseyr
Bosetta

18,405

Damietta.

28,922

Suez

17,399

184^240

3,435

"l-6eezeh

223,554

Alexandria

143,134

215,810

Cairo

253,541

"1-Manoofeeyeh

440.519

Ed-Da^ahleeyeh

347,347

excellence

remarkable

attained

in every

same

when

that

Arab
other.

empire
Egypt

in

art

In

leaving
decay,

Egypt
there

and

the

by

country

ARCHITECTURE.

Arabs

the

dismembered

as

centre,

it reached

of which

early Khaleefehs,
centuries

in

or

in
and

the
a

the

on

hand

one

in

edifices

first

half;

rush
until

it

and

"

of
in

Muslim
a

mosque

by

and
has

Spain

Christian

at

the

Cairo,

the
most

identifying
on

the

fortunate

been

short

conquest,

borne

flourishing

^monuments

compai*atively
constructed

been

has

has

in
difficulty

no

testifyto

to

will

style

Empire,

is

highest excellence,

traces

in the

The

Arabian

India

decoration

and

rule.

there

; and

its

few

to their

great

monuments

numerous

architecture

in

subjected

throughout
was

beginnings faintlyseen

lost for two

4,542,620

ARABIAN

II."

characteristics

2347

10,116

The

am

facts, that

El-'Areesh

the

with

acquainted

considerably

estimated

bitants
inha-

"29,930

Shubr^

Its

have

writers

of

number

the

of

Government,
the

342,509

"l-Bo^eyreh

to

well

1,190,118

the

Although

best

be

to

is

by

Esh-Shar^eeyeh
.

in

the

largely populated,

now

Egypt

which

ought

"l-6harbeeyeh
Upper

issued

1847-8.

years

at

population

last year

Egypt

official return,

the

in

authority

on

amount

the

of the

copy

is

true

that

taken

informed
the

is

of

CENSUS.

fast

falling
remain.

time

architects
art

for

is almost

erected

in the

332

APPENDIX

of the

year

Flight 263,

it appears
of

P.

in

other

marked

and

forms

art

generallyby

an

early mosques
Europe, at least
Mohammadanism,
to

hitherto

without

deducible

from

object
This

of

descendants

degraded

of

the

weighty,

the

of

admirable

points, gives
stands

testimony,
have

due

made

who

of

at

scattered

light

ascribed

the

on

the

and

of

Arabs

work

the

of

reason

of

in

on

these

to

the

holy

topographical
silent

of

the

which

in the

these

on

who

notions

art

of

are

is

the

; and

of Arabia

cities

buildings, as ekemplars,
edifices

sprang,

European

to

origin

They

Ibn-Khaldoon,

nearest

the

art

finest,buildings.^

the

importance

this

on

historically

their

complete

most

Mohammadans,

Ibn-Khaldoon

the

'Omar

arts

and

Wild

has

V^dees
trade.

Beybars

were

after

in the

Emeer

SilAr, ahove

an

throw

the

more

commonly

conquered by

countries

rarely mentioned;
that

of

mosque

buildingps,and
who

of 'Amr

was

military

Kl-H"kim
Bektemer

the

or

of

year

them

the

Emeer

also

charged

with

Ibn-Khatt^b
If the

enjoined

probable,

seems

of

as

the

friend

my

government;
in

workmen

times
some-

Bukn-ed-Deen

ruined

mosque
of

of

E^-Sfilih; "and

them

;" while

the

they
Emeer

of 'Amr,
repair of the mosque
(El-Makreezee's
Khi^a^' Accounts

the
"

to

required

each

architects'and

'

decorators

were

to be highly probable, the

of the suppression of their
be shewn
reason
the
remarkable
In the most
building in Cairo, however,
apparent
been a Christian
to have
Tooloon, the architect is admitted
Copt.
will

them

generally intmsted

was

skilled

to the

been

had

almost
forbade

by the
great dilapidations occasioned
to the
like office at the Azhar ;
SiltCr,

El-J6kend"r,
what

it

Khaleefeh)

Flight 702, the Emeer

the

repair the

to

restored

Azhar).

and

words

religion

being acquainted with

from

civil servants

under

in the

Bedr-ed-Deen
and

far

his

their

of the works

execution

employed

appointed

Seyf-ed-Deen
named,

the

translate

(I

because

second

(the

me,

earthquake

us

building,were

are

was

it to his scribe

Mosques

to

like; who

the

in

sometimes

El-G"shnekeer

repaired the
trusted

and

Thus,

earthquake
the

suggested

These

tells

life,and

desert

Ibn-El-Khattab

Architects, however,

overseers.

once

the

prejudice.

or

whence

comes

monographs

their

extravagance

as

an

them.

on

light
be

to

general provokingly

is in

of

little
held

ignorance

explicit on

very

that

prodigalityand

the

he

be

earliest,or

is

better-known

themselves,

literally),
by

and

of

throw

to

must

sources

the

inferences

native

other

been

long

disprove

or

or

Muslims.
The

Mr.

of

historians,and

reflect

theories,

historians,

retained, though

have

for

the

on

early buildings

we

plan

found,

Egypt

on

Arab

the

in

when

importance
the

facts
of

head

supposed

it has

scope

of

influence

mere

Arab

maintain

the

to

who

deduction

language, although

notices

clear

in

known

while

are

by
and

;
to

supposed

some

philosophicalhistorian,is

executed
book

some

foreign

been

whenever

whose

the

is

;
of

idea

-vague

art.

hitherto

on

men

nature,

recorded

either

architects

national

of

monuments

facts

be

to

nor

account

religious

these, however,

facts,either

not, however, altogether silent

in the

stronglyanswered

variously
nothing

the

to

imitation

All

for any

appear

have

we

El-Makreezee,

all

existing

search

not

their

of

are

the

almost

state), and

beautiful.

support

those

after

earliest

style

does

writers

subject, yet

heen

influence,to

which

(respecting

discountenancing

state, their

Native

one

has

this

"

the

of

that

supposed Byzantine

their

in

curiosity to

inquiry

to

of Arabia

love

question,

reference

the

induce

old

all imitatioD

own
strength, free from
styles. The
origin of

its

(though showing adaptation)

often

"

en-

of

Copts,

names

mosque

is at
of

ABABIAN

asked

(i^hen they
occurred
Do

^'

the

in

it, but
but

high,

you."

keep

those

nations

Persians,

the

manner

their

the

had

Arabs,

temples
Arabs

primitive
Shemites

the

being

Oushites

were

built, as

Arabia,

in

Phoenician

genuine

here

inference

the

true, it ought

be

to

of 'Amr

of that

very

built

was

bricks

being

plastered

roof, which

the

cubits

100

bridks, upon

embellished

nor

Egypt

in

us

present
(that is,immediately

that

date,

many

times,
than

of the
s

This
of most

is the town

the

ings
build-

edifices

of

of the

Cushites, these

judge

from

of the

the

Semitic

elsewhere.^

and

of

composed
Assyria

The

Cushites.

The

overlooked,
left

this

by

found

mosques

the

of

ignorance

of

decisive

Mekkeh

but

race

is
are

Arabs

be

testimony

El-Medeeneh,

and

each

of

on

the

which

condition

of

conquest
of

arches

the

(to

foundation,

and

commonly

early Arabs,

art.

see

the

neither

middle

of

it,

of this

has

the

20th

year

presently return)
not
plan was

by

of

buildingsof
enlarged and rebuilt

first

its

Akabii.

exhibiting

in Arab

been

written

it has

of its foundation

time

about

arch

I shall
that

because

mosque

the

at

of

of 'Amr

mosque

curious

Egypt,

it

It

fashion, represents

the

more

art

which

rudest

But

pointed

that

high,

was

the

in

the

Instead

*of Ai*ab

cubits

across,^and
court

less.

say,

pillars,being composed

in

is the

by himself)

some

three

and

for

thus,

theorists.

as

stones

partly-roofed

mosque

Euphrates

these

For

of

palm-trunks

existence

its

direction,or,

existing mosques.

the

on

the

originally(as built

was

lengthways
a

one

the

pointed

period

of

their

from

often

I have

; and

El-Makreezee

from
the

part ii. pp. 231-2.

"

us

in Dr.

Kufoh
Smith's

"

and

"

are

in

Cufik"

'Dictionary

Bible.'

The

Jews

Phoenician
"

that

the

El-Koofeh
I.

proving
find

we

later

state

its

in

Flight), and

the

on

entirelyignored by European

been
to

had

exception, and

an

was

like

peoples.

foundation

courses,
it

palm-sticks plastered over.

the type of the plan

in
a

supported

was

the

"1-Medeeneh

at

in alternate

laid

facts

of

those

as

in

Egypt.

in

crude

of

may

monuments

respecting

by

out

accounts

small, measuring

one

of Cushite

assertion

Prophet's mosque

The

we

is too

present instance, the

borne

the

in

its accuracy

race

of those

Ibn-Ehaldoon's

if

part

of
the

consequence

race,

in

like

that

and

and

The

mixed

Africa,

be

to

seem

is

them,

called),and

so

and

in Northern

Jews,
also

from

In

Africa

in

Arab

observes

Greeks,

that,

principal architects,if
the

character

massive

But

the

properly

He

lasting.^
by

with

long periods,

among

know,

now

building

remain

by contrasting

the

Thamood,

them^

to

the

dominion

very

and

more

said

not

Arabia.

for

root

and

from

monuments

fallacious.

rarely

we

part

among

drawn

and

make

clear

southern

firm

Arabs

not

in

probably

were

influence

and

more

settlers

'Ad

in number

were

of

Nabathseans,

took

arts

(Joktanites, and

latter

the

of

and
shall

so

nations

as

those

stones, fire having

buiid),and

to

meaning

edifices

the

before

with

chambers,

his

makes

and

"l-Roofeh^

Prophet

the

endured

Copts,

first

used

three

ancient

long continuance,
and

to

the

which

and

they

practice of
further

of

that

build

exceed

one

any

Ibn-Khaldoon
with

which

with

the

to

to

permission

reeds

let not

work

of

his

333

ABCHITECTURE.

That

were

workmen

not

architects.

Even

the

Temple

of Hiram.

is to say, in what

we

call

*'

Flemish

bond."

was

built

for

Solomon

by

the

334

APPENDIX

accordance
that
Sa'eed

and

on

the

the

against

to

it ; so, in

Kibleh

by
Temple

of Mekkeh

mosque

of

the

of the

it is
of

on

until

the

build

"

So, too,

The

the

on

successive

earlier

Idreesee
author
3

that

extracts

them

to
*

roof

I have

the

will

be

Ku^ef
of the

was

wood

the

ascertain, from

native

in historical

was

been

as

the

the

who

the

Thus

the

about

Prince

one
:

form

around

it

people to

sacred

of

no

Kaabeh

his

the

same

of the

houses

ordered

appearance

of

time

that

of

imitation

the

anciently

; and

supposed type

445),

until

times.

of

rebuilt, the

Kaabeh-had.no

A.D.

mosqne

El-Islam, when

of

Faithful

the

cited by "1-Makreezee.
this building has been
repairs, to which

and

of the
appended
mosque,
early portion of the mosquebe reasonably supposed to exist" It i"

El-Mal^reezee's
no

vestige of

Flight"

can

church

European

el-Mei^id

account

any

into

writers

of

el-Har"m.

larger work,

The

El-FAkihee,

Oriental

The

mosque.

of "1-

statement

have

relied,is refUted

MS.

abridgment

Arab

by every

and

also

El-FAsee, and

Society of Leipzic.
and

have

that

]^utb-ed-Deen's

I have

compared
works

togrether with
have

Ibn-phuheyreh,

all the

examined

of

by El-Azrakee,
the

been

abstract

mentioned.

lished
pubabove

"eferenoea

below.

first of

of the

most

sacred

itself, which

in

The

"

El-Kindee,

converted

larger work,
found

The

nations.^
the

consulted.

histories

German

with

*^
"

rounded
sur-

meanlv'con-

account

adjacent parts.^

of

the

built

Kaabeh,

(about

that

seen

small

in its reconstruction

the

every
ancient

centre

following

it has

as

court

on

building, measuring

square

often

house

imaginary

an

became
to

the

this

the

Semitic

and

Kaabeh

been

in

which

effect, ui)on

the

from

by the
inserted

be

'Avar

nephew.

his

History by

have

the

abstract

an

el-Ifl"m fee bin"

Kit6b

that

laid.

been

century of

that

work

whose

in

of

work

the

plain

alterations, enlargements,

to suppose
to

to

numerous

second

the

than

error

an

is

the

followed

Ibn-Kilab

there

one

extract

that

roof;

been

has

authority of Aboo-'Omar

It will

this note.

was

Its

inner

that

of

those

of

no

in

way
over

before

court

theory
court

of

be

mosque].

was

plan

open

to
was

length

style of architecture

its precincts]remained

found

subjected, will be
to

an

the

its outer

the

on

sanctuary,

general

divided

became

the

the

Arab

surrounding

of Kusei

and

Muslims

flat

stress

destroys

is, therefore, important

mosque

any

in

round
sur-

side,
the

That

the

to

by

mosque

there

and

sit

mark

idols,"c.,

court

it

like

to

with

Mekkeh,'

of

it, and

Kaabeh

used

the

[to enlarge

low,*

very

of

road

it

its

northern

from

Ibn-El-As.

was

erected

that

and

always

that

time

the

foim

with

open

around

[the

was

Kaabeh, observing

has

mosque,

It

heathen

of

imagined
the

side

the

in the
out

Aboo-

Ibn-"l-'As

made

went

angle

taken

was

people

ancient

an

history

by 14,

ever

he who

of 'Amr

Undoubtedly,

its

was

general plan
has

northern

buildings

was

Arab

paces

the

its roof

Muslims.

writers, what

18

house

He

entrances

passage
"

entire

'Amr

of

cubits.

it two

eastern

"1-Medeeneh,

or

brick

crude

receptacle

the

spacious building

colonnades.

precincts

the

what

to

30

to

The

quoting

mosque

side ; and

time, the

Mekkeh

an

made

house

And

at

structed

of

found
of

the

seen

curiously-detailedaccount

was

mosque

the

summer

This

mosque

he

western

angle

Ibn-El-'As.

"

width

Lamps

from

the

*Amr

From

the

western

of

of

from

length

side.

in the

taken

was

have

"1-Medeeneh.

at

worth

is

point

side ; and

every

Street

there

says,

entrances

two

of

cubits, with

50

was

it

Prophet's mosque

much-controverted

this

"1-Himyeree

len^h

the

of

that

with

settles

F.

the

tribe

d6m-tree,

and

of
of

Kureysh

who

palm-sticks,

rebuilt

the

Kaabeh

(Kit 4b el-I^am.)

and

he

made

its

ARABIAN

'Omar
the

the

of

year

now

Makam

Ibraheem,

became

obliterated.

'Omar,
mounted

.'Omrah,^

written

returned

had

mosque

it

encompassed
which

the

Prince

of the Faithful

them

and

the

took

up

take

its

price

place

price

site

and

it

On

the

doon,

the

made

The

the

the

supposed.
of the

prayer

The

the

kings

is

empire

'Omrah

up

Deen

'Omar

was

the

probably

characteristics

remark

first who

(page 78) expressly

made

was

that

there

to

the

of the

walls

to

of

the

gates."*

nation
then

; and

to

they

empire."

The

carefullyrecollected
further

style

as

than

well

as

knowledge

our

which

To
been
with

arose

to

is

perfected

was

has

elucidation.

in Persia.

architecture

ceased

dominion

Persian

the

Persia,

more

lamps

they

to Sassanian

already

owed

the

When

the

deserves

the

rounding
sur-

between

dispositionfor

be too

of
of

the

the

tecture
archi-

commonly
the

decline

facts.

by

expected

of such

says.

out

^^

traced

architecture

dynasty
Arabs
probably

was

be

wall,

; and

were

says,

end

style,and

low

architecture

cannot

existed

religious visit

year, with the performance

Mekkeh
itself.
*

the

Kaabeh

the

offered
is

in the

early

exactly borne

because

there

instruction

the

demanded

architecture, Ibn-Khal-

the

the

demolished,

were

height

employed

to

not

their

and

against the former

their

and

Ye

did

valued,

they

them,

Eaabeh

build

as

over

derived

near

Sassanian

Ibn-Khaldoon's

called

So

of

some

of the

kings

the

Of

gates

pulled

remained

to

owners

in

man

them

the arts

was

style may

to

religion,and

them

points

ordered

the Arabs

them,
This

their

the

become

and

there
said

they

; and

already quoted,

of their

to Persian

Arab

Arabs

passage

precepts

sources.

of those

the

difficult

insufficient ; but

and

which

art

many

origin of

Byzantine
by

demolished, placing
of

were

Then

it the

in

the

houses

of

were

lofty buildings.

explains

he

stature

made

acquired from

ascription of Arab
it

he

living overcame
and

them,

serve

the

Eaabeh,

of

time

mosque,

the

The

which

gates by

having

But

*Omar

so

the

says,

were

mosque

mosque.

Kaabeh.

from

strict

luxurious

to

Medeeneh,
^

the

in

sacred

and

the

And

less than

in continuation

observe

to

the

mosque

them.

it ; and

they

of

the

the

in

the

of

upon
There-

Kureysh,

houses

the sacred

the

of

Then

sell them

to

of

interior

given

source

part

precincts

included

upon

before

houses

your

was

of

precincts.' And

mosque,

placed

site

the

mosque.

around

were

refused

the

in the

was

the
were

in

placed

was

which
their

in

sacred

place

entered, performing

houses

only

between

Ibn-El-Khattab,

of which

abode

your

their

and

'Omar

made

owners

that

the

to

houses

bought

down,

houses,

entered

people

strait, he

surrounding
side, save

every

El

in

"1-Azrakee

it, but

the

daughter

therein.

while

Rammadan

walls

no

on

he

dyke

its

the

died

thereof,
which

Mekkeh,

to

the

displaced

Mekkeh

she

In
Umm-

of

of

way

mosque

and

flood

and

Umm-Nahshal,

away

informed

and

the

spot below

Ibn-Umeiyeh

to

of

month

the

in

carried

alarm

in

to

the

by

sacred

for them.

strait

too

called

pf Mekkeh
the

it away

also

it

Ibn-El-*As

being

and

sacred

And

Ibn-Sa*eed

'Obeydeh

carried

became

occurred,

entered

it

mosque

flood

boundaries

and

and

sacred

great

the

entered

"1-Med'i;^

called

the

Flight 17,

which

Nahshal/

and

and

Ibn-"1-Ehattab,

335

ARCHITECTURE.

originally first
be

seen

by persons

approaching,

answered.

sacred
ceremonies

places of Mekkeh,
of the

[of enclosure] to

pilgn^mage
the

sacred

at
as

any
are

mosque,

period of the
x"erformed at

as

Kutb-ed-

336

APPENDIX

F.

Copts for assistance in

by
(p. 296), that
and carpenters, among
architects,
builders,
the Copts, all of whom
skilful than Muslims, as
are
more
generallyesteemed
rebuilt
When
the Kaabeh
was
by the
they are also neater in their work.
tribe of Kureysh,in the youth of Mohammad
(and it is a tradition that the
there
was
Prophet himself assisted as a labourer in the work), we read that
and
he
the
of
who
knew
wood
and
it
in Mekkeh
art
a Copt
planing
sawing
;
for them
the roof of the Kaabeh, and
agreed with them [Kureysh] to make
Bakoom
So says Ibn-Is-hak,
in the Kitab-el-Ialam,.
to help him."
"".,
was
before quoted, in which
it is also stated (on the authority of the sheykh
Mohammad
that the sea
in his Seerehyor Life of Mohammad),
cast
"s-Salihee,
of
vessel
shore
Juddah
the
called
Greek
to
a
a
(now
Jeddah) belonging
up
upon
merchant, named Bakoom, who was a carpenter and builder ; Kureysh bought
the wood
of the ship,and took the Greek
with them
to Mekkeh, and employed
him to make
of the wood
of the ship a roof for the Kaabeh.
(Kl-Umawee says
that the ship was
the
carrying marble and wood and iron to a church which
Persians
had
burnt
Life of Mohammad,
in Abyssinia). In the
entitled
"s-Seereh
of the
been one
is said to have
el-Halabeeyeh (M.S.), Bakoom
Greek
merchants, a builder ; and after insertingmany contradictoryopinions
and a certain Copt,it is added that the more
respectingthis Bakoom
prevalent
opinionis that Bakoom, the Greek, was a carpenter as well as a builder,and
that he rebuilt the Kaabeh, and assisted a Copt, also by some
named
Bikoom,
who
made
the roof.
told
the
build
the
Kaabeh
to
Bakoom,
Greek,
Kureysh
accordingto the buildingof churches [meaning in respect of masonry, not in
about
this builder of the
writers
respect of plan]. The disputesof Muslim
while
leave
the
immaterial
uncertain
Kaabeh,
they
point as to which of two
executed
the work, establish the important fact that it was
sary
necesforeigners
to get foreign
help for so simple an edifice as the square, unomamented,
Kaabeh, and that the help was obtained from a Copt or a Greek or both.
So again, "1-Makreezee
is unusuallyexplicitabout
a
pulpitsaid to have
*Abd-el-*Azeez
been placed in his mosque
Ibn-Marwan
or
*Amr,
by
by
(one of
the viceroysof Egypt),which
from
the
Christian
of
taken
Churches
one
was
of "1-Fustat ; or, according to some, he says, it was
given .to 'Abd- Allah IbnSaad Ibn-Abee-Sarh
(another viceroy)by a king of Nubia, who sent with it
his carpenter to fix it,and the name
of this carpenter was
Buktur
(a Copt),of
'
the people of Dendarah.
of Ibn-Tooloon
In Cairo,the mosque
(to which I
shall recur)is also recorded to have been built by a Copt,' and this edifice is
highlycurious as an example of a building,erected in A.d. 876, of which the
arches are
all pointed,and which
the first forms of the scroll-work
contains
the
of
that was
the Arabs
and
of
ornament
afterwards
style
geometrical
remarkable
record of the
brought to such high perfection.But the most
with Byzantines
is in conjunction
employment of Copts by Muslims
; and must
Besides

the

Persians,the

Arabs

building; and it has been remarked

in the present day there are many

were

indebted
Mr.

to the

Lane, in this work

^*

"

'*

"

Vulgarly called Gfime' Teyloon, the mosque of Teyloon.'*

of S"-marr^ says "1-Makreezee
the plan of the mosque
the Temple of Mekkeh, as has been asserted.
*

After

; not

after the

planof

338

APPENDIX

Upper Country,
the

historian's

exceedingly
and

the

account,

many

had

subject

for

sites of

that

of

the

Muslims,

curious

builders

mg

of

transference
influence

well

be

is the

always haunted)

have

obtained

have

from

understood
of the

was

influence

of

flrst the

at

of

adaptation
Greeks

of

direct

Eastern

question.

It is

it reached

the

origin ;^ just

as

The

The

only
old

from

notable
which
The

Sultan

that

page

Copts

the

Arabs

surely

as

and

handiwork
Arabs

never

remains

at

Persia

conquest
the

the

History

of

him

Arabs

them

number

of

armies.

Turks,
since

country

in

grsecized.

with

their

the

work
scrollwork

and

the

in

wards.
after-

the
Their

carry

of

ranks

Egypt by

that

and

one

period.

Constantinople (ajccordingto

to

Egypt,)

so

to

of

masters

many

ceased

arts

that

in

arts

with

away

to

besides

before

Persian

were

elaborated
been

art,

them

execute

can

the
and

unsolved

an

the

tailors.

more

another

of

to

gradual

their

affected

afiected

Greek

always
to

of

It

whence

present

referred

Cairo,

in

classes, in

of

had

the

But

style.
features

the

doubted.

afterwards

the

art, though

fiftymanual

observed

climate, and

Arabia,

to

appears
condition

The

inquiry

been

but

the

it

Arabs

use

from

Byzantium.

been

have

uot

made

the

form

religion,or

not

of art in Persia

docs

what

that

"the
in the

of
a

the

be

cause

times

of

was

mosque

imitation

supposed

materially affect the

of

to

crafts from

practised (see above,

2).

It has

more

and

explained

be

cannot

strongly
day,

has

the

on

II. took

than

the

these

of

his Modern

in

If

the

of

of

more

country

rapid decay

Seleem

El-Gabartee,
Cairo

the

months

careful

new

Arabs,

this

at

conquered

the

characteiistics

the

monarchs

eastern

occurred

explains

many

the

influence

the

styleof

El-Islam,

instance

obtained

to

decoration, are

Arabesque
of

architecture

who,

the

of

art

influence

persons

one

proselytes to

and

that

same

preserves

practice

craftsmen

the

the

use

of the

be

conquerors

Byzantine workmen,

that

will

art

Arabs

the

adapted by

and

Arabs,

the

doorway.

the

their

probable

they

The

workmanship.

on

Empire

of those

especiallysome

embroidery

of

their

the

(places supposed

is it that

surer

requisitionby

of

use

the

their

in

even

accurate

Byzantium

portions

the

of the

into
or

above

want-

edifices.
:

festivals

bath-rooms

yield

been
avoided

own

with

of the

forms

doubtless

ways

familiar

the

features
and

supposition ;

in neat

their

condition,

haye
have

the

to

building^s

would

in many

are

low

very

cannot

to

several

cross

Byzantines, or Persians, or Tatars, they

the

called

excelled

The
was

this

and

in

of the

sign

Difficult

Copts.

on

Copts

having

from

art

the

'efreets

art

were

time, owing

Muslims

is marked

celebrate

they

the

Christian

Egyptians

against

There

Egypt

in

of these

inquiry

an

can

own) calendar,

people

charm

usual

their

the

on

their

as

of that

seasons

and

Copts

of

to

state

results.

artificers,nor

features

many

of the

Coptic (as
the

and

such

his

in

fallen

had

present

historical

interesting archaeologicaland

Coptic

; and

inquiry

that

from

appears,

foundations

Christian

they
The

It

mined.

were

but

flourishing;

altogether perished.
a

that

many

anciently the

and

numerous

persecutions

severe

besides

F,

the

before

open

of
of

interior

this

influence

at

issue, which

point

foreign materials, whether

brought

gradual development
the

holy placesof

court

is

is

surrounded

subject for farther

only

to

directlyfrom

ascertain
Persia

or

ARABIAN

by porticoes.
covered

the

trunks.
the

of

year

of

of

the

sun,

Flight

in each

"

enclosure

Temple

mosque.

only

from

Osman

from

came

He

mosque.
he

and

also

and

mosque

which

he

not

did

their

the

he

included

of

rebuilt

He

with
and

was

decorated

sag,
the

awnings]."
doubt

plan

of

time

after

the

this

the

Khaleefeh

'Amr

early
their

used

and

the

the

was

be

transported
the

of

and

'Amr

added

was

contains

now

foundation, though
the

call

practice of

the

to

to

first Muslims

commanded

to chant

the

the

that, they
that
he

of

the

entered

appointed

1
or

gov^ernor

four

S"g

the

of

mosque

the

for

made

is believed

teak-tree.

of

mosque

towers

first who

the

chant

the

call outside

to

call within

the

built

were

Mekkeh,
of

'Amr,

the

adan

them
be the

in

the

by

'Omar

in the
at

the

or

year
four
was

it

gold,

tion
por-

of

of

maksoorah

mosque,

Khitat,

the

of

and

his

Et-Taif, in

before

Oriental, plane-tree ;

or

the
that

and

El-Medeeneh,

before

Flight, and
the

87

year

the

a.h.
"

mosque
"

of

that, before

Mo'awiyeh (about
of

that

mosque

"

minarets
on

the

the

time

Prophet's

The

find,in

mueddins

; but

corners
none

of

Ibn-*Abd-El-'Azeez,who

and

53

decorate
roofed

from

added

were

entrance

Mohammad

El-Medeeneh,

it ; there

Indian,

The

it.

Kubi, (founded by

El-Medeeneh,)

first to

the
added

to

to

he

building, we

interval.

used

every

El-Weleed

of columns.

; but

that

repaired
of

it, porticoes formed

long

from

though

canopies [or

mosque
covered

the

buying

plates

columns
the

they

at

prayer

pillars; and

forest

not

mosques,

first

at

was

down,

of *Abd-El-

work

made

26,

porticoes.

capital

the

(I
sacred

mosque,

undid

to

the

built

sag,* and

the

the

made

possessed minarets

mosques

made

capitals of

marble,

court-yard

El-Moatasim

should

and

mosque,

he

upon

he

Ibn-Marwan,

it with

upon

to

them

[El-Azrakee] says, also,that

marble

mosque

chant

to

put

the

mosque
a

to

the

year

the

the

to

the

of

the

enlarge

made

added

when

with

mosque

this

orders

He

who

roofed

and

the

pulled

'Abd-El-Melik

Then

sacred

also

used,

made

that, when

None

mueddin

and

Though

of the

to

first who

found

shade

And

first

the

of the

Eutb-ed-Deen

to

and

portion

date

"In

"

mosque

was

He
the

orders

mosque

the

walls,

its

gave

firmly.

it

the

surrounded

cannot

he

gold

repaired

the

the

from

follows:

in
this

from

form

the

aflford

to

passage
as

gave

El-Azrakee,

raised

He

Ibn-*Abd-El-Melik

of

that

in

in its site.

enlarge it,yet

and

entire

around

porticoes, and

beautifully
column
fiftymitkals
Melik,

houses

site

it

them.

The

the

bring

built

of

shelter

Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr

would

were

and

Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr,'says

houses

They

a'

followed

that

says

it, which

el-Ialam) is,however,

bought

covered

"

palm-

on

instance

the

in,

Mekkeh,

of

reason,

same

of

Temple

its

walled

court

which

caused

recorded

they naturally

64.

author.

the

imitation

in

El-Azrakee

a.h.

choice

being supported

earliest

the

"1-Medeeneh

included

'Abd-Allah

to

that

to

Eitab

the

Mekkeh,

surrounding

least

people, according
quote

at

perhaps

that

was

than

roof

the

is the

suggested by
at

rather

porticoes to

this

But

wall

niche,

were

or

while,

case,

down

porticoes

They

mosque,

of the
with

; and

form

simplest

consisted,at first,of

built

have

to

26

mosque.

Prophet's

the

next

the

necessity

Prophet's mosque

is said

the

and

prayer,

portion

'Osman

feature

of

the

covered

early ;

porticoes date

place

Thus

adoption.
with

These

339

ARCHITECTURE.

he

was

; and

53)
was

(El-Makreezee).

Indian

plantain-tree

340
It is

impossible

know
be

F.

APPENDIX

have

certainly to

heard

afar

from

of the

works

the

ascertain

to

; but

they

Some

Arabs.

forms

of

elevations

been

the

are

curious

these

from
earliest

which

minarets,

which

the

I hare

call

found

might

prayer

mentioned

of minarets-

examples

onij

can

we

to

Egypt

in

the

in
'

tioned
men-

are

below.
The

pulpit

did

and

'Omar

mosque,
his

mosque

the

pulpit

ordered

Shall

the

on

below

in the

In

the

pulpitsshould be reduced
only, and they have since
The
of

maksoorah,

the

tomb

in

Im"m

adopted

; for

*'

the

existed

it of sag.

The

example,
of the

made

for the

apertures

or

earliest

present

state

have

been

the

built

arches
it

in

building

Arab

in the

origin of the
of

year

Egypt,

in

the

has

research
archaeological

affect
of

fact that

the

pointed

noteworthy
There
mosque

the

architecture
that

this

is,however,

building

building

which

may

So, indeed, says El-Ma^reezee.

I have

purposely
It is said

Jerusalem.
to

2nd

allow

of much

ed. p. 379

teqq.

not
to

stress

was

in the

present

to the

referred

above

contain

pointed arches

being laid

on

'Amr,

it.

Su

of

El-A^sk
we

'

the

should
all
first

authentic

present day, and

safe

The

example.
a

curious

point

buildings do
known

building.

not

instance
But

it is

than

the

Christian.

Cairo,

older
of

example

in the
too

know

Fergosson's

the

country

having

earliest

merely

Copt

earlier

an

for

mosque

their

the

any

environs

mosque
but

dread

which
era, in

earliest

of

by

earliest

the

in that

of it in older

characteristic

were

made

safety, in

the
to

is the

constructed

that

ns

adopted.

our

itself,is

Ibn-Tooloon

tells

maksoorah

of

mosque,

instances

first

then

in which

; and

of

876

of

the

maksoorah

been

That

unaltered

arch

rest

building belongs, in

evidence

mosque

the

not

was

The

Egypt

or.

decisive

of the

; but

personal

any

in

This

general

Arabs

preserved

of

another

of

steps

surrounding

have

to

architecture.^

isolated

mosque
as

of Ibn-Tooloon,

be

that

; and

four

from

'Osmdn,

met.

was

manner.

like

next

height

Ibn-'Abd-El-'Azeez

his

throughout

often-rebuilt

pointed arch,

the
was

thenceforward

Flight 263,

to

been

preachers,

top step,

El-Medeeneh,

suppose

actually

best

the

important

any

therefore, unlike

is

their
of

boldly

prayer

it

was

it for

the

to

of

'Omar

may

of

addition

bricks

mosque,

arch

pointed, appears

are

adopted

royal

marked

and

this

if indeed

; and

he

knowledge,

our

it has

crude

Imam

which
a

modem

constructed

pointed

?"
The

that

but

of

'Alee,

the

on

step
fourth

maksoorah

History

partition we

in

of the

of

of
the

probably
king

use

pre-eminently,

the

place

the

'Osman,

citing

see

stand

in

the

earth

ordered

the

with

time

assassination

for

The

to

brick

crude

by

Khaleefeh,

divides

of

maksoorah

people

'Osman

and

death

in

one

station.

Prophet's;

perhaps

is

the

the

up

set

raised.'

confounded

El-Makreezee,

first who

of

El-Mahdee

the

much

sepulchral mosque),

for the

of

that

to

been

be

to

bowels

Mohammad's

161,

year

had

descended

humility, until

the

was

partition that

or

(not

mosque

which

Mohammad

his

into

'Amr

which

one

(not being Khaleefehs)

mosques

platform.

the

descend
that

platform, or

khateebs,

or

of
of

token

in

we

of

Prophet's

the

insignificantelevation,in

an

as

demolition

successor

El-Medeeneh,

Khaleefeh, said, **
stood

the

Each

Egypt.

in
of

exist, except

not

Haram

little of

Handbook

consistent

enclosiire at
this

buildhifr

of Architecture,'

ARABIAN

arches.

pointed
island
I

of

following particulars respecting

the

"r-Rddah,

them

give

The

almost

El-Weleed,
down

built

the

by

his

It

about

replaced

it

some

say,

of

A.H.

1032).

Khaleefeh
done

But

it.

to

"1-Mutawekkil

is also

it has
upon

and

"l-Is-hakee,agree.

The

and

contains

surmounted

by

above

Kur-an,
of

later

and

contain

of the

of

the

different

kind

pointed

arches

mosque

of

which

later

All

Er-R6dah,*
buildings
Remains

of

at

eastern

are,

bank

there

was

Halw4n,

There

Nilometer

little above

believe,
Nile

some

and

the

Memphis,

the

on

arches

in

to

the

ascribed

the

he

went

those

date

cannot

of

On

Colour

and

Taste,* pp. 290-296.

Architecture

the

be

so

architect.*
of

'Amr

(above
half

least

at

is very

has

since

gone.
under-

than

the

of

that

the

examples
as

Nilometer

are

well

El-Makreezee,

Wilkinsoji
in

the

there

who
he

of Ancient

'

Deyr elOne

also

Nile.

above

mosques

Syria,and

in ancient

El-Isl"m."

of the

of
found

be

to
as

Gardner

before

of

time

Philee, on

the

certainly never

remained

mitil

died, fit Damascus.

3

the

even

Prophet's mueddin,
to

that

building

opposite shore
old

age

date

of Sir
of

of the

than

same

conquest,

time

rebuilt,

this

Nilometer

two

not

are

of character

therefore,

mosque

and

researches

the

was

the

following century,

pentroof),are

date)
Arab

they
since

kind

their

the

mosque,

existed, in the

"which

they are
for after the Prophet's death
of tho

been

same

the

by

still earlier

The

curions

that

older

though

which

little

from

passages

not

the

years

and

deep,

inscription,a

appears,

of

same

before

elsewhere.

and

ancient

an

the

of

inscription of

an

pointed arches, earlier

Arab

nearly

Egypt,

l^a^r esh-Shem^;

Ben6t, in the

of

little value

buildings

Egypt

in

is

in

the

alterations

instances

of very

are

in Christian

of

be

square,

three

in confirmation

in

16
era,

the

to

time

feet

18

is

are

of the

It

our

it:

on

buildingby El-Mutawekkil,

and

are

side-wall

right

numerous

(which

or

of

is, 861

to

orders

gave

and

certain

it has

while

about

are

foundation

the

the

isolated

Ibn-Tooloon,

they

introduced.

the

arches

the

time,

arches, alternately round

than

from

uncertain

in

that

is about

They

probably, constructed

were,

arches

that

building
down

the

since

similar

well.

Ibn-Tooloon;

was

that

and

afterwards,

years

Nilometer

They

smaller

are

existed

the

Ibn-Tooloon,

pointed

century

writing

of

these

completion of
since

stated

of

mosque

of

clearly proved.

be

of

or

is the

it, and

feet wide

is, however, almost

of the

repaired it twelve

those

The

It

"1-Mutawekkil

"1-Makreezee, Es-Suyootee,

building
six

each

that

trifiingrepairs

some

about

characters;

repaired

inscriptions,it may

the

; but

brought

alterations

slight

recess,

apartment

that

been

caused

Ehaleefeh

expended

were

historians

Over

date.

no

it has

Ibn-Tooloon

as

the

than

period

though

arch.

Eoofee

old

these, surrounds
and

deenirs

of

interior

he

of

washed

of the

This

*^

notes.

khllafeh
was

Flight

Ehaleefeh

inspect

to

went

very
the

order

of the

history, which

have

to

point,

of its sides

pointed

line, in

short

one

each

on

said

the

the

in

the

them, whicl)\

This

(a.d. 861).

1000

undergone
this

done;

was

El-Mustansir

his

by

century

under

247

Ibn-Tooloon

259,

year

repairing it; which

for

third

him

by

beginning

existing" (says "l-Is-hakee, in

the

from

Er-R6dah.

down

pulled

was

of the

now

In

of

of

Lane's MS.

Mr.

his deductions

(mikyas)

finished

the

in

Nilometer

Ibn-Zeyd El-Tanookhee,

beginning
not

was

completed,

was

Usameh
Nilometer

as

the

with

the

from

to, I obtain

words,

own

"

first

river, or,

"l-Ma-moon,
which

the

referred

building

in

particularly valuable.

are

341

ARCHITECTURE.

Egypt,' pp. 17, 71.

he

342

APPENDIX

indicate

the

Christian
Kock
the

both

knowledge

of

truly

Arabian

Christian
the

The

adoption

the

limits

date

from

the

Nilometer.
of

the

of

Egypt,

style,where

slight :

the

The

mosque

far

of

example,
Its
In

continuity
later

traced
and

and
to

traced

hand,

be

may
the

are

assumed,

again (as

climate, in which
and

shrinkage
in

is

is

Careflil
from

of

drawings
the

Ibn-Tooloon,

is

first

is

most

proselytism,

as

Mr.

is the

rude,

and

said

in this

small

panels
to

is cut
artistic
hard

by

of this

collection

plate xxxi.

of

The
in

difference

of the

required
All

the
from

cast

is

to

moulds,
in the

The

building

in

this

like

that

itself

It
to

this

and
of

the

hand-work,

other

origin

Syria,

ornament

"

later.

necessities

withstand

art

the

on

its

owes

grace.

continuously

in any

and

the

to

of

hot

warping
mosque
of

the

in which
is of burnt

294, 379, 598, 816.

oruament

Mr.

Egypt

i.,p. 17,)

plainly seen
formality of castings.
pp.

be

features

it

first

remarkable.

devoid

may

was

other

this, its

more

as

that

assumed

and

in

almost

mosque

racteristics
cha-

scroll-work

it has

geometrical work,

me,

with

mosques

the

portion

in

are

not

all

this
to

material.

hand

ven^

Here

thenceforth

But

beautiful

common

of wood

the

in

are

each

remarked

vol.

building
which

traced,

form.

The

ornament.

most

fine

so

the

is

in

pointed arch,

found, too,

and

in this

forms

of the

work,

but

archivolt

of the

development.

; its

as

found,

therefore

perfect.'

has

Generally

form,

independent

an

ornament

be

of its

wood-work

the

adoption

in

but

work,

marked

Lane

the

known

form

one

of

madan
Moham-

taste.

purest

the

istics
character-

other

in

must

of

that

strongest

horse-shoe

the
base

Arabs

is first

stages may

and

from

or

; and

of the

marking

It

every

general adoption

rare.

other

intricate,is

as

one

the

at

of the

any

its

of Architecture,'

Handbook

return

art

symmetrically

of the

none

the

constituting

inevitable

The

down

the

It

A.H.).

of the

flourished

fully developed examples,

and

stucco,

Alhambra.
there

and

panelled
has

he

of

in

question entirely beyond

said, its

always
evidences

Byzantine

to

is

Ibn-Tooloon,

other

besides

strongly

being

elaborate

of

most

the

from

elementary

its root"

without

263

or

remains
break

brought
and

the

during

persecution, and

conquest,

style

character.

is not

more

its forms

as

scroll-ornament

Cairo, through
it is

(247

I have

been

arch

Ibn-Tooloon,

gradually perfected ;
edifices

of

trace

entirely distinct

an

has

Egypt, slightly of

is, in

separated

possiblybe

may

it

and

geometrical

art, which

pointed arch,

a.d.

mosque

since

that

presenting

as

East,

the

horse-shoe

of

absence

occasioned

architecture

pointed

accompanies

the

round

is remarkable
the

it

always)

not

the

of

of any

have

time,

of

of

the

Dome

Christians

the

early

in

in the

hy

Flight, abd

876

or

period

the

it has

examples

many

In

note.

countries,

(though

of

Europe

foundation

In

endured

same

commenced

occurrence

Mohammadan

861

in that

have

to

its

progress.

in

of this

the

general adoption

that

slow

made

arts

of the

and

architecture, to

probable, however,
the

half

arch

mentions

persecutions

buildings during

history of

our

the

and

centuries
Arab

impoilant

the

But

of

form

Fergusson

Mr.

Jerusalem.

first two

of

and

times,

at

of this

gradual adoption

F.

James

have
Wild.

been
See

published

in the

especially the

Grammar

series from

of
the

ment,'
Ornamosque

and

brick,^
withstood
is

solidlyconstructed

so

the

ravages

still entire, and

of

that

slight return.
of

the

Over
date

same

feature,

in

height

of

white
In

apartment

to

of

want

of

have

to

Sassanian

; but

in later
the

hitherto

adduced.

circle

the

by

the

Transactions

if of late

which,
so-called

filled
the

building

simpler
traced

of very

every

the

to

at

vault,

in

from

pendentive."

"

the

this

sought

for

of

tectural
archiin

to

square

in

p. 100,

the

Egypt

in

recessed

similar

and

windows

stones

manner,

the

alluded.

came
over-

The

great variety of

ornamental
the

to

the

plate V.)

over-lapping

the

I have

in

Alyattes,and the
peculiar faculty for

which

Arabs

the

represents part

architects,to
architectural

the

of

their

with

its

examples

described

and

tomb

of

difficulties

of

from

Eertch,

square

Persians.

and

building; and, by using pointed archesy

the
a

Great.

buildings

which

woodcut,

built

being

elaborate

and

but

domes,

examples

Literature," (vol. vi.

Arabs,

conceivable

from

transition

; and

to

in his

constructional

origin
be

transition

early style,like
The

of

angles

fine

the

developed
the

the
the

The

any

annexed

Society of

Atreus.

for almost

the

to

in the

Byzantine
speedilyadopted by

was

But

than

the

or

difficultyof the

and

effect

to

dome

three

called

domes.

the

existed

Byzantines

superfluous material, naturallyarched

the

up

pendentive
to

of

small

of this

Christians

passing

been

very

founded

of

with

is

certainly,

style,constructional

that

discovered

Royal

date, is

all

away

shapes,

the

treasury

catting
that

of

be

tumulus

of

pendentives.^
far

shewn

process
of

interior

has

contain

must

the

on,

and

bracketing-work

construction,
It

rude

improved
by

edifices

(?),all of them

both

dome,

with

Barkook,

of Constantine

beneath,

form

instance

church

Egypt,

Upper

Its

not

instance

from
that

cubits

time

used

architects

evidently

is

domical

of

exigencies

"

also

dynasty

oldest

Constantinople, presents

at

confined

feature

of

Sophia,

of

of

mosque

the

borrowed

and

space

the
this

name,

St.

form

Byzantine
seem

better

the

adopted,

of

arches

other

one

years

gradual decay,

perfect.

pointed

only

relates

eighty

from

the

over

circle

for

capital

about

date

almost

sepulchral

search

the

of

aware

"1-Makreezee

was

to

am

the

fall into

to

of

thousand

nearly a

cupola, probably, though

undoubtedly

was

Arabs

vaulting

Church

The

said

the

to

Asyoot,

the

domes,
for

in

that

of which

stone, and

their

it

near

suffered

arcades

by

needless
:

of each

expedient
For

is that

noting

Moosheh,

at

the

worth

is

for

now

portions

small

building.

it

architecture
be

may

time

the

It is almost

Arab

in
it

niche

the

as

Egypt

814.

A.H.

court, surrounded

square

it has

decorative

in its

even

that

time; and, though

of

343

ARCHITECTURE,

ARABIAN

great porches

purpose

plane

outer

of

of

mosques,

brick
adopted the square
pillars which
support
says that the architect
durable
than stone columns.
more
surrounding' the court, as beiiifir
s
is found
In India, early bracketing, very similar to the pendentives already mentioned,
at Becgapoor.
The
Indian
in buildings at old Delhi; and a later fine example, in a mosque
not
to
be
to
connected
with
offshoot
and
in
the
be
an
seems
only,
any
development
way
1

the

El-Makreezee
arches

well

as

the

stone

has
theory, which
merely ornamental

theory does,

on

plaster-work of the Alhambra

It
plaster,examples of Egypt.

The

origin of pendentives.
as

and

nevertheless
feature

found

derived

comparison

of

teom

advocate,

an

the

Gothic

pendentives of very

that

firom

hardly necessary
pendentives were

dog-tooth
late

derived

was

is

of

to

wooden
ref\ite

originally

; resting, as this
workConstantinople manship*

ornament

date, and

the

344

APPENDIX

which
a

rortn

square

the

grand

ao

to

snppDTt

tmglea of tlie

neit

shews

elahoratfid.

All

marks

strongly

in

said

hare

edifice

of

elapsed

known

since

the

Euddealy
Fatimee

line,

contains

The

isolated
I

The

was

of
and

Aiharwu

36a,

anil

tiie
in

1001.

The
Tlie

The
whole

Azhai

effaced

the

of

columns

the

first mosqae
in

baa

first
of

and

minaret
was

been,

place

founded

biBejban:
bailt

repaired
since

ita

that

had

stepping-

sure

which

gap

followed, of which

by the

that

in

much

no

of the

had

progress

of that

repairs and

nnmerons

prayer.'

mosque

is that

art

first ruler

ancient

Its roof, like

a

onblt

ajnun

The
In

bj El-Ghootee
and

half

no

Mnslim

niche
But

stands

now

the

of

mosqae

EI-KDilrehMtwascommeDeedinJnmUa-

in
ML

raised

of

and
left

elapsed,

the

and

materi"It

ancient

Egyptian

founded

plan,

the

BamaijAn

waa

of

had

in

fact,

in

art

original structure;

the

atterwatds

was

that

century

useless

most

Arabs
the

period

neit

the

Another

El-Aihar,

the

the

moaque

of

adtance

is iashioTied

pendentiTe,

centuries

the

beautifully

was

and

of

manner.

ie

two

by

country

The

mosque

portions

great

the

that

gradual

remain.

Ehaleefehe,

FHliDH
761-

The

angles

off

Ibn-Tooloon

and

form

the

in

cemetery

dwelliDg-hoases

character.

cutting

eontheru

simple

on

and

octagon,
inserted

woodcut

great

of

independent style.

an

and

of

of that
the

completed

Ion,
orlfrinall;

Flight.
In

among

which

same

of

Egypt,

great

hare

rebnildinge

l-Ooli

in

During

few

the

mosqae

Khaleefebs.

made.

in

the

eiamples

been

the

fashion

trace

as

appears

srchiteetural

of

the

constractively advantageona

conquest
to

I made

an

in

placed

circle

simple

iatenaediate

and

date

which

by

stones

hj
aa

wood-work

simple

Arah

that

that

The

gtjl".

in

facilitywith

patterns

the

pleasing

the

more

of curioni

Tarietj

always

well

the

the

filled

then

sketch

of

eUboTated

waa

were

froin

Cairo, which

dome,

square

taken

page,

charnctcrutic

F.

70%

that

of

after

earl; la
altered

the

moaqoe

cflat,

rep^redbj rou'

was

mosque
the

earthqnate;

the

tenth

centnir

Turkisb

in^;
of tbe

b;
vonijderabl;
goieraor,
tlie principal congiegatlonal nutiiis

tbundation,

346

APPENDIX

of

the

under

declined

hutory,

is

it

second

necessary

slaves,probably bronght

with

evidence
a

Turkish

the

weightier

about

this

whole

populations
of

was

are

reign

the

among
of

best

tiles.'

those

which

in

who

Emeer

is the

proved
In

to

be

than

times,

the

modem

stripes

of

lime-wash

there

which,
alternate

courses

Egyptian Babylon,
That

mosque.
the

given

especiallythose
of different

the

Arabs

black,

in

and

Egypt

gold

on

the

mosaic

decoration

pavements

and

profuse colouringof the

In

contravention

only of crude

bricks."

of

help

best

of

conical
of

of

cap,

"1-Hakim,
tops of the

this, or

European

of

rather

that

notion

least,it

at

be

cannot

Green
is

directions

practice,
the

the
the

is

produced

ochre.

of

simple

the

marks

tombs

was

and

decay

use

should

have
a

of

structive
con-

Cairo;
use

of

of colour

by

the

by

and

sparing: red,
the

tectural
only, archisometimes
yellow,
of the

altogetherforeign to
**

of
at

city and

would

mosques

The

white,

one

had

his

colour

of

principal, almost

that

Arabs

founded

and

and

construction

this

That

of red

addition

horizontal

Kasr-esh-Shema,

time, very

dados.

in alternate

Roman

of

his tent

effect

the

265,

the

study

the

formed

i"age

with

termination

; the

ancient

an

follow.

to

the

painted

called

Alhambra

(See above,

the

example

where

their

Moljiammad's

are

covered

collegiate mosque

Egypt,

from

pitched

the

; with

The

was

An

from

cemeteries,

was,

npper

minarets

and

702

others

rest

are

borrowed

learned

ultramarine,

The

founded
the

by Beybars "1-Gashnekeer,

In

This

'Amr

in

he

mosque

year

of

south

Ibn-Kala-oon

darweesh's

"1the

form.

brick.

colours,without

coloured
in the

the

to

in the

some

at

Cairo

of

fortress, now

be

may
in

do

sets

ready example

art

driving

"nthin

India,

in the

minaret.

was

which

Roman

invaders
feature

stone

before

old

Arab

suburbs

dome-shaped

rebuilt

were

ochre.

and

is

affords

into

edi6ces

art.

is found

commoner

doubt,

stone

the
mosque

of Ibn-Kala-oon.

buildings

no

of

the

that

compared

evidence

red

to

The

peculiarity, as

the

and
be

can

and

of the

as

Asia, and

his

of northern

It

throne

form

earlier

been

down,

like

ancient

; but

earthquake

an

historical

The

more

by

the

the

presents

has

of

some

art

Cairo.

instances.

thrown

usurped

later,period.
this

other

then

were

Emeer

this

few

Western

greatly[".H. 711]."

days

minars
in

unique

are

partially ruined

was

minarets
an

They

those

the

and,

tries.
coun-

there

"1-Makreezee

features

Ibn-Kala-oon,

increased

of Arabian

like

in form

native

of

time

curiously strange

as

originally

were

their

race,

periods

Genghis Khan," says

Egypt [A.H. 656] ; and after this, in

to

Mohammad

minarets, however, which

found

is

is

from

new

many

the

'*At

of

kings,

desolating

was

came

of

examples

Citadel

the

strikingly Tatar,
glazed

Khan

great builders

the

of

who

Egypt.*

in

root

these

considering

tomb-building

took

introduction

chieflybuilt, and

were

of

circuit

third

of

came

the

art-knowledge

no

trait

him.

many

the

one

before
Easterns

"

"1-Kahireh

the

Genghis

time.

Makreezee,
time

them

slaves

for

reason

that

remember

shew, this national

to

In

(or Circassian) dynasty.

to

Bnt

F.

the

be

style;

and

art.

true

low, and

built

foot-note.)
,

'

also

tind

it mentioued

by "l-Ma^reezee

that

the

two

minarets

of

the

mosqne

built by a builder
Tooreez
fi'om
[Tebreez?]. like the
l^oofoon, in Cairo, were
of the Sol^in Aboo-Sa'esd, had
in his
which
made
Khowi^ik 'Alee SbiSh, the Wezeer
in the

dty of Tooreez.

minaret
mosque

of

ARABIAN

The

madan

that

importance
to

of

be

to

Decorated

because

are

studied, the

that

the

gateway

and

in

the

Europe

often

the

example

of

clustered

columns,

historian's

And

complete

it in

the

698,

the

of

the hands

of

of what

in

style,surpassing

in

the

from

city

he

'Alam-ed-Deen

Emeer

destroy

its churches.

churches

of *Akk4

conjoined

with

one

have

man

'Akk^

being

found
of

marble,

it

Ketbugha,
then

[t,e,clustered]: so

inquiry

into

It

is

year

the

one

he

entrance

and

conveyed

was

to

is

one

of

the

marble,
"1-

to

el-Ashraf

609, ordered
walls

its

jambs,

and

he

orders

El-Melik

the

demolish

to
at

eastern,]
north-

transported

For

is of

its kindred

[meaning,

gateway

was

an

en-N4sireeyeh

year

in

bases, and

another

historian,

; for it is of white

and

gateway
its

one

703.

by storm,

this

or

gave

d'Acre].

[St. Jean

sition
suppo-

question

in the

made
;

the

one

that

"

Ibn-Kala-oon

its

is

city

of

its exterior

and

difficult

presenting

in

eastern

on

all

Like

the

of

Zeyn-ed-Deen

border

Senger Esh-Shuga'ee
he

And
; it

on

correct

history,as given by

Medreseh

the

El-Eahireh,

took

The

completed

was

by

gateway

Norman,
"

"

el-'Adil

workmanship

'AkkA

of

when

Ibn-Kala-oon,

it

for

erected, and

graphical
topo-

There
the

of

affinities,

more

of

accuracy

were

Mohammad

buildings

Its

The

follows

gilded

en-Nasir
and

the

work.

El-Melik

the

an

of

streets

The

edifice.

accounted

of transition
as

of

it in Cairo.

el-Mansooreeyeh,

height

the

Gothic

it is far

and

Cairo

of

architects.

thoroughfare

buildings

is

of

In

"

architects

the

helping to

in

very

date

been

only

Gothic

begun by

year

of

the

testifyingto

probably

El-Melik

admirable

of

account

was

the

grandest

Kihireh

the

It

about

deposed.

these

Kubbeh

the

to

side.
to

Khaleel

has

curious

is

the

main

constructed

adoption
and

the

in

mosque

of

strong

value

utn^ost

approximately

in which

direct

adjacent

novel

highly

is

the

rapidly changeable,

architect

manner

The

styles.

most

of

Gothic

shewing

the

fix

of

"

art

true

buildings

the

more

India,

of the

nothing

presence

(which

early English

Mohammadan

established.

mentions

puzzled theorists,and

El-Mukreezee,

of

is of

is not

to

in

undue

Alhambra

is to

connection

be

Moham-

the

proportions, triple lights,"c.

sometimes

art

^itis that

"

rose

constantly
Gothic

of El-Makreezee

that

it

is
of

of

to

The
the

Europe

arches

dates,

edifices
next

will

think,

the

yield

would

; and

art-critics

Perpendicular

and

city, one

of

than

these

southern

of

work

things Eastern,
there

those

late

conclusions.

clearly,I

subject that

assuming everything

misled

bastard

about

is

of

degraded styleof
as

the

to

erroneous

more

pointed

judgment

is

time

most

old

quaint
alone

has

to

Cairo

with

country

let

given

best

and

has

the

been

is known

fashion

art

the

something

induced

architecture

modern

Arabian

true

Gothic),

lias

that

The

has

of

mosques

and

Gothic

and

interesting results.

most

is

of Arab

connection

347

ARCHITECTURE.

of

and
of the

one

columns
the

all

whole

to

El-Kahireh."
The

simple.
rudest

of

result

It sets
native

this
at

art.

abounding

countries
of those

countries

art, and

afterwards

own.

The

the

rest

to

earliest

An
in

question

origin

of the

and

Arabs

essentially unartistic
the

build

remains
their

engrafting
Arab

the

of

decaying
and

mosques
many

buildings

of
were

rise of

Arabian

art

having possessed any

Semitic
nation, they

styles,and

palaces ;

its features

at

into

used

first
a

new

the

is very
the

but
overran

craftsmen

adopting

old

their

and

that

style

predominantly Byzantine,

the
of

348

APPENDIX

style always

continued

markedly

Oriental

springing

up.

traced

of
A

ornament.

have
a

This

much

been

distinct

is at

"

workmen

then

acquiring

to

more

of

have

works

question

whence

"

of

example
of

beauty
of

their

arose

Arabs

of

and

all

in

its

They
Copts,

peoples, they
The

services.

and

how

as

well

it

proportion,

was

their

as

themselves

decorative

has
-was

of

so.

and

it

tasteless,

nation, naturally

form, symmetry

architectural

remain

architects

the

it to

it

purest

these

with

it

their

style

commonly

from

its
to

worked

were

learnt

unless

ascribe

must

remarkable

workmen

must

the

probably always

dispense altogether

admirable
subtle

highest qualities
been

never

able

been

perception

of the
has

form

though they

we
foreigners,^

were

would

; and

their

directed
foi*ms

will
Their

of

shemm

Arab

themselves

be

think,

typical (as

among

Arabs

also

the

the

rank

must

then

proportion

that
as

more

art

must,

have

in mind

the

extent

it

great

one

soon

Arabian

to

believe

Egyptian

that

handicrafts.

in

have

to

the

one

what

and
I

Egypt,

distinctlyborne

it is

; and

Arabian,

present doubtful, and

Persians

and

that

fostered

To

excelled

never

taste

be

Sassanian

in

but

half-formed

the

to

or

the

element,

It must

countries.

never

appear

Tatar

highest) form,

development
Greeks,

elegance

later

the

and

have

of

individuality; and, taking

certainly
times

Persian

influence

strong

it,and

to

the

was

the

added.

exercise

to

added

was

F.

and

rally
genewhich

excellence

surpassed.

III."

OF

HISTORY

THE

EUMakreezee's

(AhstrcLcted
from

and

Historical

'AMR."

OF

MOSQUE

Account

Topographical

of Egypt.)
The

Flight,

21.'

Ibn-El-'As

Some

road

of

the

one,

"

This

written

the

in

the

"

The

detailed

first who

Azeez

he

made

of 'Amr

mosque

30

cubits.*

and

And

it two

to

the

of the

year

the

foreigners
Copt

description of the

historical
confUsed

is of

he

entrances,
remarkable

most

brothers, Greeks,

three

manner,

students

respecting

the

oldest

that

there

this

'Amr, although

of

mosque

importance

will, I think, be acceptable to

hastily formed

when

niche

made

told

Makreezee,
to

too

and

the
that

me

he

heard

says, 'I have

recessed

Ibn-Hil"l

of

been

was

seen

width

And

have

to

shewn

have

side.

every

Ibn-Tooloon,

of

says,

in the

Alexandria,

in

an

of the

archseological
subject, while
foundaticn

Muslim

in

perhaps in the East.

Ibn-Lahee'ah

of 'Amr

I have

point of view, and

and

on

El-Ma^reezee's

of

dissipating theories
Egypt

it

mosque

somewhat

was

of

grand gates of El-K4hireh.

three

abstract

artistic

and

of

occupation
cubits, with

50

surround

architects

the

the

El-Himyeree

length

to

builder

constructed

after

Aboo-Sa'eed

"

; its

the

made

built,

was

mosque

built

because

niche

the
the

there

and

I know

is

say

Meslemeh

of

the

recessed

recessed

Prophet.'
niche

in

"

the

[I

was

built

niche
have

mosque

was

inserted
of 'Amr

to the

not

it,or

"1- W"kidee

Ibn-Shurey^.

constructed

who

mosque

sheykhs
whether

^urrah

was

first

our

not

mosque

'Abd-El-'Azeez.'
'

says,
'Omar
this

Mohammad

Ibn-'Abd-EInote

firom "1ascribed

commonly

him.]
*

So

entitled

also
the

according
^osn

to

El-Leyth

el-Muhll4a'ah,

Ibn-Sa^d, cited
M.S.

by "s-Suyootee, in his work

on

Egypt

ARABIAN

the

facing

side,and

from

the

by

it

the

That

like

the

and

there

mosque].
of

house

was

inner

no

court

He

53.

'Amr,

and

on

the

nor

the

on

north

of

it

'Amr

built

ordered

the

El-Fustit.
the

adan

; and

four

its

; he

corners

He

[to

side

was

was

low,

very
used

people

sit

to

the

"

thither

in

the

made

for

the

He

?] which

is in
for

towers

four

there

of

mosque

of the

mosque

in it

also

embellished.

nor

building

them

court]
he

the

of
the

on

exterior

[of *Amr

mosque

house
it

to

summer;

roof;

its

congregational

first who

[an

the

plastered

ordered

for the

"

rahabeh

the

in

adjoins the
addition

new

walls, and
of

El-Ansaree,

which

no

neither

was

minaret

made

was

made

Mo'awiyeh

that

that

made

resorted

people

the

Meslemeh

side,of

its lower

of

It is said

"

the

time,

Ibn-Eltaken

was

its roof

of

angle

northern

Ibn-Mukhallad

he

side ; but

by *Amr]

building

And

out

went

of 'Amr

what

the

to

who

eastern

house

house

summer

Meslemeh

its eastern

the

ornamented

[i.e.jthat

it ; so, in

was

on

plastered it,and

the
kibleh

the

the

the

Ibn-El-'As.

western, side.

it,and

of

in the

.entrances
he

side.
it

to

to

found

Lamps
angle

from

it two

to

side ; and

from

taken

to

northern

its

the

'Amr

of

made

western

western

length

every

added

the

was

court

added

on

southern,*

there

the

of

Street

Its

first who

year

on

before

length

its outer
The

the

against

over

also

He
the

in

entrances

of

way

was

the

enlarge

Ibn-El-'As.

two

be

to

mosque

'A.S.

in

of *Amr

house

northern

349

ARCHITECTURE.

was

towers

at

before

none

that.
the

In
added

it

northern

sides.

the

Shureyk,
Kurrah
'Amr

the

on

The

the

The

companions

that

this is not

of the
other

mosques

it is needless

taboots

kibleh

that
bear

of

he

mosque,
made

the

enlargeit

all its four

on

roof,which

was

of

the

in

the

Arab

with

the

Kurrah

Vibleh, is the side which

we

of

house

which

niche

these

there
the

should

abstract, that

of the
the

at

was

are

were

mosque
call the
the

of
was

which

niche

mosque

capitals:

this

of the
road

of the

day

it in

enlargement

part

this

Ibn-

build

to

The

recessed

old

days of

mind, throughout

began

direction
the

El-Kurrah

took

the

gilt their
In

and
93.

[wooden chests] at
Kurrah

and

after the

of 'Amr

no

had

is
old

gilt
four

gilt
not

eastern

manner.

in direction
the same
as that
adopted, in Egypt, by
of ICgypt) tells us
El-Ma^ireezee (Accoant of the Mihrabs

the

of Mekkeh.
in the mosques
It is found
of "l-6eezeh,
A third is that
of Tooloou.
^bleh is that of the mosque
which
This is followed
El-Ma^reezee states is in the true direction.
by the
of El-^"hireh
of the l^lblehwhich
other variations
(or Cairo). There
are
true

to

to

specify.

points of the

Ibn-El-'A^was

of Mohammad.

IK^oos,"c

Azhar,

the

El-Weleed,

down,

it is in the

The

of

sides,and

Kurrah

except them.

side, or

named

the

Alexandria,

of

it

it in' the
"

because

built.*

therefore

kibleh

raisingof

it

and

on

was

to

space

enlarged

Ramadan,

it in

eastern

mosque.

*Amr,

mosque

must

and
enclosed

and

facing two,

are

compass

of

row

southern

reader

the

that

court

find

not

he

order

Egypt, pulled

completing

the

'Amr

the

pillarsin

ordered

92, by

year

southern

and

mihrab

pillarsin
two
pillars,

of

his son,

which

mosque

the

year,

the

them

called

of

governor

of

and

between

that

says

Ibn-'Abd-El-Melik

that

was

in it the

89.

year

of

Shaaban

pulled it,[themosque] down,

enclosed

side, he could

eastern

El-Kindee

; but

beginning
the

the

on

^'Abd-AUah

in the

In

the

on

Ibn-Marwan

side,and

western

El-Kuda'ee

"

low,
-

the

side ; but

says

so

79, *Abd-El-'Azeez

year

to

direction

second

350

APPENDIX

niche

this niche.

save

called

the

after

Knrrah.

mosque

existing

is said

that

he

addition
the

the

In

built

the

year

[the mosque]
what

and

is

of

the

The

and

of

addition

o" this

fire

addition

the

destroyed

repaired by

387, the

the

engraved
what

are

El-Hakim

Kuda'ee)
addition

"The

gilt

to

the
be

back

its

on

at

it
;

is of

day

this

first entrance.

In

"

part, which

its back

at

part, and

Ibn-"l-'Owwam
this

the

by

court

is

the

in

the

Bab

of the

"1-Harith

was

of

the

is the

237, by

year

contiguous

and

mosque,

of Ahmad
fire

(architect's)

built, in the

court

the

the

to

Mint.

called

court

is the

the

western

one

258.

year

part of

days

measure

of

court

"c.'

of

The

Aboo-Eiyoob

to

great

190

remainder

ascribed

in the

back

The

it

to

niche

"l-Khazin,

of

completely, to
it

the

equal

the

was

addition

Ibn-Tahir.

of

of

addition

an

addition

the

as

width.'

in

niche

Ibn-Tooloon

occurred

Israeel

addition

of

and

the

in

in it
It

portico.

above-named

year

which

is the

was
was

deenar^

6,400

of

night

destroyed

and

mosque

and

this

repaired:

was

of El-Harith

court

Ibn-Tahir,

the

in

it
:

the

in

to the

the

adjoining

the

court

Regeb, 357,

and

finished

and

and
up

its

El-Harith
at

the

much

of

of the

five eastern

Ramadan,

358.

fesfeslL^ that
five

"

in

was

tablets
; and

entrance

with

is 9 cubits.

its size

close

whitewashed

place
the

over

of

portico

were

they

are

now.

the

made

of

construction
of

court

place of the

set

Mint,

and

re-whitewashed,

removed,

was

ordered
in

portico, from

was

them

over

the

mosque

this

far

as

addition

Khumaraweyh

in

and

it

was

from

one

mosque

porticoes

now

; and

it.

on

commenced

was

In

of

windows

two

entrances

Zubeyr

Ibn-Tahir,

side

building

Safar, 275,

added

and

the

greater part

"1-Ehazin
niche

The

arches

order

expended

It

the

in the

three

it the

of El-Eh"zin

built

was

of

of

cubits

150

addition

in

20th

beyond

were

it

made

being

the

And

"

entrances

at

of

the

additions,amounted,

Aboo-Eiyoob

house
of

'Abd-Allah

the

ordered

occurred

Friday, the
from

and

he

-walls

Aboo-Eiyoob.

side

two

Aboo-Eiyoob.

of

the

of the

addition

court

on

western

columns

the mosque

to

its western

completed

court

"1-Harith,

as

made

length,

in

northern

added

211, by order

without

mosque,
cubits

Ibn-'Eesi

of

*"esi Ibn-Yezeed

are

niches.

four

it is

daj,
the

it in

two

the

side, four

the

part of

that

was

on

made

these

they

four

entrances

fore

the

added

mosque

eastern

also

known

court

he

perhaps
made

it ;

to

this

niche, existing at

its western

on

the

in

of the

175, Moos4

year

half

he

and

Ibn-'Alee

enclosed

fifth entrance

the

and

entrances.

133, Salih

year

central

Knrrah

that

made

side

side,three

the

said

entrances

its eastern

on

northern
In

four

to the

as

Ibn-Marw"n,

have

Some

had

Bat

'Omar

of

niche

F.

the
the

to

Kl

mosque.
maksoorah

of 'Amr

tent

the

on

is said

by

porticoes which

two

Mustansir

bi-Uah

its eastern

and

some

to

be where

are

also

the

ordered

sides.*

western

are

(says "1an

In

pulpit and tbe

niche."
*

the
'
*

'*

It is said that

the

Or

Fuseyfisa

"Ma^^oorahs

see
were

of the

measure

porticoes that surround

it

on

above, page
first made

of

mosque

its three

Ibn-Tooloon

is the

same

as

that, except

sides."

337, foot-note.
in mosquei)

in

tho

days of Mo'"wiyeh

Ibn-Abee-Snfy"n,

the.

year

and

the
In

became

In

it.
the

687
In

next

ed-Deen

roof

made

two

each

the
and

for

54

; and

days

great niche, and

the

arches

ten

made

its

the

and

the

repaired it, restored

the

down

pulled

mosque

[the

sadr

additions

various

reconstructed, and

were

He

added

entrusted

northern
and

in

the
the

to

from

addition
he

another

addition

western

it.

attached

pulled down,

of the

steps

rebuilt

and

Bedr-

the

addition, and

that

roof

his scribe

boundary

western

wall

The

dilapidated.

it to

eastern

and

northern

row,

it.

the

facing

became

mosque
he

northern

the

to

last

the

702,

repair it, and

of the

doors

of

besieged "1-Eahireh,

Amaury
burning

year

to

He

strengthen

to

the

in

entrance

new

pillar

pillar

wall

appointed

the

to

'Orfah

of

minaret

again repaired.

Ibn-Khattab.

the

the

between

space

Salah-ed-Deen

568,

northern

was

was

under

remained

kibleh] and

earthquake

Silar

to

the

mosque

"meer

He

In

the

to

666

the

Franks
and

dilapidated.

upper

of

was

burnt

was

is in the

built.

564, the

year

end,

which

minaret

minaret

great

the

of Misr

city

in

the

445

351

NILE-DEPOSIT.

THE

OF

INCREASE

two

porticoes.*
After
fall

this

and

the

down

length
work

the

the

sadr

and

breadth

in the

the

southern

entrances

columns

is 378
far

[So
which

the

Murad

is about

Mekkeh

; three

the

on

row

deep,

side

Makreezee

still exist
towards

left,or

IV."
the

first

phenomenon

in the
rah"
I

year

[So
"*He

their

The

of

of

Egypt,

this

perhaps

to marble

the

rise

when

Mi^r and

with

Mr.

place

them

six

the

on

Lane

of the

these,
three

are

of its

THE
has

inner

see

the

Nile,

above, page

karifehs
court

only

smaller

court

side

mentioned

mentioned

mosque

but

the

next

single

by
much

one

"1to

NILE-DEPOSIT.

built

he

building

interior

on

left ; and

arches

the

The

deep

this

to

mosque.]

the

all

The

niches

two

its fertilizer

in the two
the

brick.

are

The

OF

^urrah

of

are

deep,

angle

in this

of

made

constructed.

great 'niche,and

or

of

This

number

that

; and

ago

columns

entrance.

work,

court, in

northern,
The

pulled

roof.

repairs were

then

walls

outside
which

last

the
years

INCREASE

the

El-Makreezee

destroyed outside

60

north-eastern

THE

ON

inner
and

to

near

he

is thirteen

four.

western,

roof, were

central

the

that

or

is the

the

walls

the

on

was

mosque

and

entrances

it

five.

right ; four

the

on

the

chapter

4A; and

says

colomns

50
the

and

in which

the

In

about

square.

the

the

on

is said

by porticoes,of

is surrounded

of

the

the

repaired

ez-Zeyzalakht

minarets,
It

Bey,

feet

804.
number

Bab

of its

pillarssupport,

350

year

niche

great

and

five ; and

eastern,
and

it

The

is

"1-Makreezee.

by

mosque

side,

the

on

says.

Egypt repaired

the

rebuilt

; and

dilapidated,and

became

of

between

altogether,

Ibn-El-Mutowwag
on

merchants

of the

concluded

was

its arches

and

mosque

chief

of the

the
and

in Misr

great annual

the

made

consequent

the

mabisoo-

340.]

number

mosque."

of

mosques,

and

took

352
of almost

inundation
held

in

the

and

also

Nile

the

assumed

learned

several

under
the

of

rate

itself

this

had

surface

of

of the

of

apply

the

results,such

thus

his

fitted

elastic
the

facts
which
do

well

were

put

and

appeared
than

better

additional

well

brick, pottery,
The

printed

papers,

sought

case
^^

and

at

11,000

vessels

the

the

of

clay, and

in

the

area

depth

inches.
"

of
Then

1328),

and

far

so

of

to

ancient

Memphis,

platform
the

supposing

as

from

upon
date
the

know

the

the

then

to

His

Bunsen,

they
The

the

for

were

assum^

latter

before

work

I cannot

making

alluvial

any
the

sediment,

with

these

Mr.

The

any

Homer

Lepsius
to

statue

for the
have

the

Nile

sediment,

the

Egypt

forming

of

art

arrives

at

this

of Rameses

calculation,he
of the

ground

had

stood, to

reign

of Rameses

been

in

merely existed,but

statue

his

two

the

states

existed

man

not

present surface
the

Society

in

"

in

practise

of

known

as

reviewer

:"

colossal

basis

well

as

Royal

; and

the

the

the

statue

of

rate

(No 210).

the

pottery
soil,that

and

fire.

which
of

of

era

Taking

sediment,

adopting

as

of the

by

manner.

scientific

and

connect

follows

piece

to

as

lately

was

Egypt.

Place.'

handiwork,
to

Christian

them

inhabitants

footprints represented by fragments

surface

the

hardening

Nile

and

the

before

following

the

finding

in

the

endeavour, by boring

to

depth

man's

Horner

Mr.

by

below

yeara

the

of the

level

upper

1394

of

actual

the

on

between

Baron

of

the

is

; but

the

man

review,

was

sediment

science, and

accuracy,

Philosophical Transactions.'

in civilization

advanced

had

in

than

more

the

communicated

were

established

depth

certain

the

objects of

infers,from

Horner

Mr.

in the

from

historical

or

the

so-called

late

Egypt's

deposit, "c.,

the

results

be

to

his

method

obtain

other

'

sufficient
of

Homer's

strata,
or

of

pedition
ex-

which

subject

as

the

estimated

French

the

determine

to

history as
to the early existence
eagerly accepted by
with

of

of

series

well

extracts

of

nature

date

difficult

of

volume

some

customs}

felt

This,

crushingly refuted, in a review

Quarterly Review,' for April 1859

Nile, to

of secular

aid

third

Mr.

the

by

monuments.

insert

the

as

indications
of

'

comments.

formed

plain
as

in the

by

the

respecting
mined.
virtually undeter-

was

known

This

rise

the

synchronism

any

the

has

generally explored
of

who

chronology

in

formally adopted

were

are,

matter

by himself), sought

obtained

they

as

thus

been

Horner,
the

been

always

seqqJ)

aspect of

the

to

of

Since

vaguely

chymically.

fruitlesslyattempted.

deposit by

scale

and

past period, and

conducted

had

the

and

been

attached

those

establishment

any

Leonard

investigations(not
increase

side,the

with

depth ascertained, although

question, had

been
Mr.

by

with

uncertainty

some

manners

26

(page

and

soil

labours

ordinary

scientific

had

increase

geologically

deposit at

had

Egypt,

reopened

the

an

secular

avei'age

examined

alluvial

connection

the

of

account

early ages,

in

the

was

historical

literary or

; but

increase

been

side
scientific

they

The

the

inundation

written,

was

to

commencing

men,

Napoleon

Neither

of

foreign

the

to

the

of

yearly in

'

Egyptians

specialimportance.

deposit of

chapter (the Twenty-sixth).

whole

and

description

observed

ceremonies

is indeed

subject (which

The

specialreference

almost

Modern

land

cultiyable

water.

required

forms

of

account

whole

the

of the

account

the

by

the
in

suspension

agriculture
of

F.

APPENDIX

erected

in

U.,
found
to

be

clusion
con-

the

9 feet

II.

(B.G.

1361, Mr.

354
of human

the

chronology

estimate

of

calculate

that

least

of

the

the

city, and

he

thus

elapsed before
of this

many

spot

where

years

the

ago,

which

or

than

*^

upon
the

Nile

flowed

of

it is
been

on

necessary

days

Memphis

of

is
not

had

fallen

into

the

colossal
The

quite

ruins

about

See

to

But

Herod,

that

the

depth

fifth

of
we

may
the

century

of

through

upper

Horner's

the

temple

therefore
base

less

much

Egypt.
of

is

of the
era.

the

founded

surface
than

colossal

Mr.

feet

similar

estimate

the

from

than

twenty

estimate

our

pots.

more

feet,under

some

at

ii.99.

to

city and

merable
innu-

doubtless,

the

the

at

thousand

scarcely higher

according

accumulate
the

this

deep

so

Cairo,

of

of

one

Nile

them,

contained

incredible,and

begin

both
the

to

year,

and

the

of the

Horner's

stood, was
which

and

remains

course

Mr

assumption

temple
that

to

the

other

of its passage

soil.

statue

Memphis

in every

Nile-deposit did

alluvial

the

consequence

This

remarks

of

depth

and

of

some

part

every

the

to

in the

and

inun"

after

are

of

width

pottery

changes

is,upon

plain.

of

the

into

than

limits

the

to

have

of earthen

less

of
of

south

bed,

which

of

kings

must

fallen

means

that,

dig

now

fragments

our

by

western

present

mentioned,

of

the

buildings

inundation

the

which
of the

of

adapted
that

raised

might

in almost

increase

was

old

bed

part

palm-branch. Or,
of the
formerly one

of Makrizl

plain extending

Natural

here

place

mistake,

for many

of the
that

have

the

of the

plenty

have

we

platform,

one

by the

old I

years
we

general surface
was

find

taken

grave

may

testimony

close

by
been

the

course

long

it

have
and

in

parts.

the

years

into

may

"wus

earliest

deposits of

in summer,
even

for

miles)

of the

course

have

water

of the

twelve

dropped

at

shallower

the

annual

was

is, much

is in this

divei*ted

have

pottery

is rent

plain, therefore, one

then

the

of

fathomed

which
the

know

piece

there

separated by

now

far

rate

mean

stood,

we

have

Thus

land

the

which

greater,

dry

pits,from

thousand

that

to

the

from

and

more,

it.

be

been

that

plain ;

If so, many

the

by

Nile

"

land, and
of

fairly

may

Memphis

of the

the

(about

bed.

have

not

the

of

to

stadia

of

its banks

(that is,one

old

filled up

soil,we

bed

in most

is related

100

Or

cannot

statue

land

the

up

do

we

the

with

Homer's

of Mr.

plain

feet below

Menes

pottery may
for

upon

or

this

In

became

know

it is

mile.

bed

them

of

Again,

old

which

into

wells
**

dried

early king,

fissures

about

have

of

that

bordering

the

Memphis,

to

piece

stand

may

that

the
the

as

below

dam

of the

surface

the

tradition^

founded

eastwards, by

; and

feet

respecting

consistent

country

alluTial

general surface

the
rate

same

inference

correctness

the

of

twenty-six

below

ancient

an

when

the

the

the

the

admit

general

than

twenty-six
to

and

increase

the

of

present level,and

its

more

rises at

Nile

statue

below

much

least

Egypt),

time

the

time

the

not

doubtful.

first colonization

of the

thirty-nine feet

at

dation

that

in

be

places indicated,

the

Homer's

Mr.

render

if this

eren

foand

actually

were

Septuagint,
rate

But,

forthcoming.

which

of the

mean

according

of

the

feet

river

Egypt
Now

of

at

place

than

more

date

the

thirteen

same

pottery

circumstances

adopt

we

be

to

sure

of

antiquity extremely

extreme

If

*'

be

pieces

several

are

their

would

art

the

and

case,

there

the

P.

APPENDIX

of
the

statue

tion,
assumphave

must

the

surface

feel certain
statue

till

These

ti

that

considerations,and
Horner's

Mr.

compel

us

mentioned
*

fragments

depths

of

the

in

found

the

made

spots,

and

we

known

the

of

the

have

Horner

depth, "c,
to

and

hereafter

be

result

obtained

"^n^, by

; the

Christ

truth

what

evidence
in

supposed

temple

is of
and

investigations

rigorously accurate
solved

be

has

It

deductions

remarked

been
from

their

for

towns)

the

level

when
the

fatalism, are

'Description

astronomiques

des

de

of

the
the

So

the

the

site

site
was

statue

difficult

by

mere

on

reach

careful

of

the

all their
this

in

I'^gypte/ 2nd

Egyptianspar

MM.

ed.

annual

under

viii. p.

for

seqq.

many

as

hoped

to

"

only

just

must

(Bechercbes

Jollois et DevilliersO

Horner's

as

to

the

H.

days

Allowance

temples (not

of science, their

Not

857

be

of Rameses

statue

water

their

Mr.

that

the

inundation

ignorance
matter.

; such

must

be

cannot

originallyplaced there.

was

nism
synchro-

indispensable

proofs

problem

stood

feet

indeed

guesses.

which

some

Review

Quarterly

'

historical

asked

be

may

method

laborious

the

we

remote,

appears

before

years

establish

may

at

savans

rulers.^

Roman

and

that

Egyptians' building

ancient

above

the

in

Egyptians, notwithstanding
their

scientific.

for

"

3000

being worthless,

patient and

character

French

built

Greek

of

equalled only by

the

by

the

mistake

enormous

instance

been

chance

single investigation,and

inundation
made

be

the

by

this

the

as

inevitablythat

suppose

each

in

of

the

facts

reallyhistorical

the

an

"

evidence

The

vincing
con-

of

litei*ature

the

any

facts

by

facts

history.

to

have

to

trustworthy

obtained

data

erected

was

supply

years,

to

exhibit

astronomical

historical

there

be

help

papers

proved

it

of establish-'

sections, his results, supposing them

insufficient

or

was

that

science

only

can

all

from

so-called

prospect
between

is,his

it

false

being

Horner's

Mr.

As

brick,*^

theory."

contribution

earlier

purely scientific question,

the

to

been

13,000

Horner's

in various

from

that

more

single

of burnt

insteiid

and,

Egypt

in

other,

the

to

cumstances.
cir-

same

is not

fragments

era,

than

beneath

been

there

Egypt
^

Christian

given important

obtained.

which

the

of Mr.

have

of

end

These,

himself

Egypt

have

inductions

forming
the

would

to

of

would

that

had

he

that

the

believe,never

we

them

one

Egypt

confined

plain

have,

been

under

foot

discovered

brick found

burnt
tell

would

inform

to

obliged

were

fiftieth

and

admit

to

greater
river,*and

pottery

had

Diocletian

piece of

and

fortieth

the

or

coin

from

after

in

man

; but

brick

that

us

even

the

of

banks

burnt

been

dominion.

worthlessness

trustworthy,

subject,

liberty

Roman

had

of the

have

Bunsen

brick

deposited
of

of the

proof

M.

the

at

to

fact^

one

tells

He

found

been

between

Roman

of

But

records.

question.

near

Trajan

would

and
the

the

been

existence

Mr.

of

coin

that

burnt

of

period

therefore,

tale

take

structure

from

in his conclusions

Horner

therefore

pottery
localities

up

Horner

same

Mr.

if

Now,

fatal mistake

soil tells the

be

brought

Mr.

even

the
have

show

to

chronology,

Bnnsen's

M.

Hebrew

settles

sediment

the

If

of

and

old

the

in

Sigiul, fragments

at

surface.'

these

ing

more

tend

might nrge,

we

likelythan

'

himself,

brick

boring

the

in

from

than

our

Horner

burnt

no

faith

[than thirty-ninefeet] in

that

in

Mr.

by

is

pottery

abandon

to

which

others

many

355

NILE-DEPOSIT.

THE

DP

INCREASE

in

must

speak

of

modern

carelessness,and
this

sur

allowance

les

be

bas-reliefs

356

APPENDIX

made

(and

what

to

required by
drained

difficult

(a

ascertained

; but

has

reviewer
it

built

was

diverted

nothing
the

by

Nilometers

dykes

in it

had

when

perhaps,

they

after

period

referred.

there

and

facts

no

the

of

reason

Gebel

the

records

Gardner

river, J
curious

is

destroy those

temples
other,
The

distant

most

remarkable

to

It

Boolak.
of

it

be

inundated

Egypt

in

land,
Memphis

plain

of

what

value

origin ?

the
as

and

may

at

fair

have

eaten

the

been

be

Quarterly reviewer,

Umboo
thus

the

of

lies

Nat

by
at

by
Sir

effect

facts

Nile

of

so

upper

so

of

plain

of

land

Qusst.

iv. 2.

very
the

stream,

it threatens
el-Eebeereh
of

the

; and

the

one

away

has

and
in

manner

setting
of

the

at

as

up

rest

as

that

by boring

which

large

nought
of

How

in

tract
to

the
the

many
The

guess.

of Thebes.

brieflyreferred
on

its port,

surface

itapossibleto
well

already

been

Cairo

rise

Cairo,

and

and

(Ombos),

new

the

course

formed,

of

through

the

washed

between

annual

it is of

proved,
historically
1

follow.

perhaps

piece of potteiy brought

respecting
are

was

are

indicated

of Eaw

temple

rapidly formed,

formed,

probably

very

facts

thus

now

Lastly,

Manfaloot,

been

formation

general

of

by

away

and

Kom

example

been
the

has

which

plain
a

they

defying the explorations of boring-machines.

and

would

The

period

of the

respecting

sites have

historical

of

lower

Aswan,

level of the

the

the

of

Girgeh

At

on.

shore,

(though

may

The

class

course

been

famous

instance

taken

calculations

minute

the

that

is

may

land

from

be

most

disappeared

manner

another

the

have

disappeared;
was

occurrences

that

like

required by

form

distant

no

place

that

more

referred

at

almost

for which

of land

tracts

some

neighbourhood,

indicated.

so

nothing
at

partially true.

barrier

place

prove

At

of the

face

tell.

river

daily going

now

the

the

down,

barrier

some

interest.

discovered,

greater than

like

in

they

times.

be

rocky

parts of

numerous

all

and

of

natural

of

such

been

of those

any

the

class

inhabitants

after

be

to

as

of

towns

(Antseopolis) has

this

geologists to

course

Egypt, large

operation

tracts

the

In

that
been

afford

on

lower

hereafter

be

have

once

existed

once

if

river

in ancient

of the

falls,may

alteration

nature.

valley of

existed

may

this

to

Kalab'sheh

at

deafness

believes

the

in

Nile,

the

To
or

(Silsilis),
undoubtedly

leave

must

Changes

to

of

an

had

stream

measurements

the

across

B.C.

forth

it) have

Semneh

at

great

or

the

the

as

cataract, which,

great barrier

cataracts

roar

the

by

disprove it,)

to

the

after

be

now

to

singularlybarren

are

such

second

century

of the

Wilkinson

sudden

the

prove

story*
the

es-Silsileh

this

to

stream, the

Seneca's

present they

facts,already put

Descending

are

down

of

twentieth

so-called

many

above

rupture

the

At

inquiry.

Semneh,

at

the

cannot

referred

nothing

is

the

artificially

was

carefully compared,

are

important exceptions, however,

rock

there

formerly flowed,

There

else,prove

construction
for instance,

tradition

ance
allow-

of which

Menes.

for this

of the

the

further

the

Nile-sediment)

porous

materials
are

have

we

Memphis,

incredible,and

river

of

may

dttms,
far

the

in

?), but
for the

highly probable (for

the

dam

made

and

How

operation

it is

where

it be

famous.

Egyptians were

ancient

should

extent
artificial

F.

Of
of this

by

the

indisputabletestimony.

OF

INCREASE

Nile

The

'Arar,

from

distant
the

by
Coptic

of

quarter

of

of

village

the

the

by

to

Fatimee

dynasty,

vrrecked
of

the

in
and

sand
of

year

to

close
half

from

now

Elephant,")

("the
and

of

close

the

was

accumulation

the

the

5),

present

flowed

thus

is

flowed

towards

there

formed

1174

it

that,

El-Feel,

remained

soon

(a.d.

570

we

It

which

learn

the

eastward,

reach

Shubri.

from

called

and

occasioned

Flight

of

of

site

of
bounded

being

(the

of

Mosque
quarter

eastwards,

wide

Cairo,

vessel,

El-Maks,

near

thus

of

than

"1-Maks

east

El-Makreezee

large

Nile

mud

the

and

large

channel

fertile
of

east

In

island.
this

island

the

ceased

"

and

exist,

to

the

by

of

since

the

of

The

and

contains

ancient

at

and,

if

of
in

information

^forms,

from
in

its

"

valuable

companion

up

;'

Lane's

Mr.

description
to

Mr.

by

the

'Modem

the

notes"

of

besides
the

on

and

Egyptians.'

in

of

boring-machine

Cairo

have

climate,
customs

large

topography,
the

women

assumed

by

Doubtless

it
and

important

as

Memphis.^

at

of

be

from

condensed

containing

and

surrounding

the

deposit.

pottery

plain,

mile

wide

altered

The

parts

might

its

the

Flight.

some

it

of

forming,

little

very

level

the

for

years

plain

has
the

unknown,

Horner's

which,

manners

of

fragments

and

of
work
MS

of

the

were

10,000

brick

formation

the

Egypt

long

is

is

El-Maks,
inundation,

river
of

years.

origin

required
of

brought

those

account

and

have

pieces

many

Englishwoman

seven

the

It

it

the

of

century

200

miles

date

its

eighth

about

of

part

from

retired

seasons

this

the

within

to

as

The

of

least

successive

of

course

formed

was

theorizer

any

during

gradually

river

the

commencement

wide,

country

the

soil

Boolak.

therefore,
half

thenceforward

deposit

plain

From

distant.

to

the

and

more

bend

of

little

little

after

gardens

esh-Shema

town

thence,

and

and

now

the

es-Seereg,

suburbs

mile

Cairo),

Kasr

continued

and

"l-Look,

of

are

It

357

NILE-DEPOSIT.

walls

which

bank.

Minyet

western

mile

the

the

quarter

the

by

el-Ateekah,

Masr

at

mile

flowed

fdi-merly

THE

and

of

history
of

Poole's

Mrs.

amount

that

valuable
of

Egypt

country,

INDEX,
Containing

words

list of Arabic

to

'AbJL.

See

Ahmad,

'Abdallawee

melon,

Ablutions.

See

Ghusl,
Aboo,

ii.

Tajemmum,

of

formation

Egyptian

the

tronymics
pasants,
pea-

ii. 327

Zeyd,
Abrir,

91,

which

it is

chanted,

'Adileeyeh
(The),
Admiration,
modes

Adultery,

of

-,

punished,

this

this

136,

Agh"

women

respect
of

the

Allah,

135

are

150, 249,

378

ii. 59

44,
or

See

Zabit

239

of this

wretch

358
358

aalam,

95, 283

278

Almanac,

or

'Awalim,

210,

240;

il

'Ashr,

ii.

59, 237

of

-^"

paid to, 251,

Police.

59,

God, passim

Alms-giving,
370

of

; ii.

149

akW,

287

modern,

240

alateeyeh,

or

'Al'mehs,

307

singular

157

AUahu

ii. 35

135

kereem,

sometimes

106

Agathodaemon,
Age,

without

by law,

of

occasion

275, 334
Alchymy,
'Alee
Bey, cruelty
'Alim,

315

14

the

name,

who

men

which

crime

law,

135

crime

'Afeefeeyeh darweeshes,
Afiyoon, and Afiyoonee,
*Agam,

improper

of

in

manner

of

significations of,

'AlAmath,

315

required

testimony

guilty

and

respecting,

women

the

67

Autees,

punishment

accuse

ii. 83

expressing,

law

in

manner

ii, 117

proper

of

'Akeek,

'Aisheh,

the

of

specimen

"

105

202

ii. 317

'Akk'ad,ii.

adhan,

or

ii. 231

en-nikah,

Akhdar,

272

Ahme-

or

306

'Akeekah,

ii. 104

251

ii, 209,

Adan,

of,

romance

(E1-),

Adab

sheykh Isroa'eel,334

the

Ru-oos,

darweeshes,

Ahmedeeyeh

*Akd

315

significations of,

Ahmar,
dees,

midfa',

94

of, 302,

Moolids

'Akabeh,

94

-Farrig,

seyyid,

307

is

160
"

Arabian

by

"

the

the

in

the

of

ii. 139

El-Bedawee,

word

this

which

in

manner

employed

ibid
name

Prophet,

15, 21

Wudo"S,

Death

and

33

Nemrood,

273

Bedeel

See

33

Far'oon,
El-Gabartee,

266

307

Ahl-Masr,

42

costame,

Er-Rahman
Abdal.

'Ahd,

ii. 6

ii. 26

(E1-),

Ahadees

'Abayeh

'Ab"yeh, 38, 40
'Abbasees, their
'Abd, 195

GloBsarj.

Agriculture,

'Abayeh

See

'AbaHh.

as

serve

designed

work,

foregoing

the

in

occurring

113

84,

Moharram,

or

the

145

Aloe-plant

used

as

charm,

324

359

INDEX.

JLloes-wood.

Alum,

See *Ood

*A.mbar,

Asrar

of, 316
ambergris,

virtue
or

Ass,
gation,
for fumi-

used

to

impart

perfume

to

moolids

190

and

Hegabs,

Charms

See *Anteree

Anatomy,

150, 274
Angab.
Negeeb
Angels, 82, 281, 332
Attendant, 98
Anklets, 223; ii. 321,324
See

185

'Antar,

romance

the
of

at

one

the

seyyid "1-Bedawee,

the

of

the

word,

ii. 34,

Astaghfir Allah, 352

Astrolabe, 275
Astrology, 65, 275, 333
Astronomy, 274
*Atfeh, 5
'Attar, ii. 14
Auguration, 327 ; ii. 224
See

'Awalim.

of, ii. 131,

133

*Anteree

(a kind of vest), 53
(a reciter of 'Antar),ii. 131
Antichrist, 81
'Anzaroot, 45
Apostacj punished with death, 136
'Arab, 32
Arab

use

130

See

'Ann^b,

of

Assassin, origin

348

277

'An^tireh.

the

307

of, ii. 333,

mosque

Amulets.

for

performed by

part

coffee, 175
'Amr,

men,

riding,for

for

177

ladies,240

used

Amsheer,

322

equipped

of

use

257

*Amberee,

el-Kur-"n,
how

Egyptians.

See

Muslim

tians
Egyp-

*Al'mehs

.-xyatel-hefz,313
320
esh-shiffe,
el-Kursee, 98
(E1-), Great Mosque, 103, 107,
261, 265; ii. 344
students
of, 266
studies
pursued there, 266
sheykh of, 266, 268, 273
professors of, 266, 269
blind students
of, 267
175
'Az*kee,

Ayet
Azhar

"

"

"

'Arafit

(Mount), 115
'Arakeeyeh, 38
Arba'31
Eiyoob, ii. 222
Arba'een
(E1-),ii. 241,

"

Azrakee

Arch, pointed, earliest,ii. 340

horse-shoe, ii. 342
Architecture, ii. 2, 331
Ardebb, ii. 326
'Areef, 76
Arghool, 308 ; ii. 75
Arithmetic, 76

Bab

el-hareem,
sirr,24

Armenians

in

Egypt,

number

Baboog,

of, 27

55

Badingan, 184, 378

Baghlet el-'Ashr,ii.
Bahluwans, ii. 98
Bakhoor

are

to

be

Bamiyeh,
Ba-ooneh,

'AshiL

Barahimeh

179

el-Ahzab, ii. 258

^-^
ed-Darak, 294
el-Kahf, 314
Ashbeen, ii. 292
As-hab

*Ashooi*i,customs
'Ashr, ii. 145, 271
'Asr, 91, 278

of,317

weighed,

Bark, 61 ;
Barmahat,

277

darweeshes, 307
ii.

98

277
See

Barmoodeh,
Barrenness

89,

ii. 320

Barmekees.
; ii. 148

^vil works

82

184

Baramikeh,

"

147

el-bar r, 175
in which
good and

Balance
ii. 1

292

277

'Asbeh, 61

"

339

13

Zuweyleh,
Babeh,

'Arood

(E1-), 266
'Arooseh, 178 ; ii. 229
Arts
and manufactures,
Asawir, ii. 319, 323

(E1-),cited,ii. 334,

272

Baramikeh

277
considered

68

curse

and

proach,
re-

360

INDEX.

Barsh,
Bash

of the

of

143

Kadee,

Rusul, 143
Turgum"n,
BaahU

143
See

Egypt.

Beard,
"

"

"

Beasts

Bed,

51

Blood-revenge, 133,
Boatmen, and
Books, 263

; ii. 72

mode

of

trimming the, 34
it off,35
shaTen
off as a punishment,
respect paid to the, 35
stildom
dyed, 35
and
birds, language of, 311

35

the

Nile,

ii. 28

copying of, 265

Booksellers, 263
Boozeh, a kind of beer, 118; ii. 35
Bowwab,
103, 169, 194
Bread, 170
respect paid to it, 366
of the
seyyid El-Bedawee,
,

193

ii.

Bedawee

and

Bedeel,
Beer.

Bedaweeveh,

32,

364

Bribery practised at
See

See

Bedawee

Boozeh

Bugs, 3,

el-yarakan, 327
Beetles, singular use

of

them,

Beiyoo-

ii.

314;

Burko\

to, 205, 214, 218,

(twice), 365;

221, 360

ii.

163,

293

253, 258

See

Burh"meeyeh.

307

57, 60,

62

of the

door

Barahimeh

Eaabeh,

of the

ii.

215

Burnus,
Buying

burnoos, ii,7
selling,ii. 1 1,

or

and

14

ii. 327

mushaharah,

Cadi.

324

Beneesh,

38

Eadee

See

Caftan.

ii. 129
or

referred

Burdeh,

; ii. 182

Bekreg, or bakrag, 174

Belah
meblool, ii. 20
Beleed, 289
Bellaneh, 207 ; ii. 44
Belloor, ii. 317

Beng,
Benish,

173

Burckhardt

darweeshes, or

ii.

224

Bunn,

Bekreeyeh darweeshes,

Bendukee,

court,

them,

exterminate

to

made

ii. 22

306

Kadee's

194

charm

; ii. 242

Beggars,
Beiyoomeeyeh

the

143, 145, 147

Beer

mees,

196

155, 193, 194,

291

Bedouins.

238

248

boats, of

shave

few

"

'Alee

Mohammad

Bast, ii. 34
Bastinadiog, 135, 141
of its blood,
Bat, use made
Bath, 210, 219; ii. 36
Batrak, ii. 277
Batteekh, 185

Baz,*
309

and beasts,language o^ 311

of the, ii. Ill
Birgas, game
Bishareen, strange cnstom
of, 365
183
Bi-smi-llah, 96,
Blasphemy, law respectincr,137
Blind, asylum and college for the, 268
Blindness
prevalent in Egypt, 34
food to Muslims,
Blood, unlawful
119,
and
to the Copts, ii. 289

Birds

ii. 35

Katib

Kuftan

See

Cairo, or "1-Kahireh,

now

called

Masr,

Benzoin.

See

Gawee.

Beshens, 277
See "z-Zahir
Beybars.
ii.
46, 50
Beyt,
Beyt el-mal, 131
owwal, ii. 38
Biers, ii. 256, 259, 260
into
Bigotry inculcated
children, 73
Bint
el-Beled, 33
Masr, 33
Birds, charity to, ii. 200
'

4, 28,
,

"

31

population of, 5, 28 ; ii. 331

streets
of, 5 ; ii. 8, 310
quarters of, 5, 157
districts of, 158
private houses of, 5
the

best

school

of Arabic

ture,
litera-

the

minds

of

261

Calf, feats performed by a, 310

food
lims,
to MusCamel, its flesh lawful
unlawful
118; and considered
by the Copts, ii. 289

362
Cnes

INDEX*

of

beggars,
the

daily rise

Derrtses.

ii. 24
who

persons
of the

the

announce

Nile, ii. 225, 227,

235
See

joy.

See

Welweleh

CnpiditJ of the Egyptians, 382

Customs
not
particularized in
Index, 35, 255-259,

Destoor, 226,
in general, 82,
Denl, and deWb
Diet, 169, 184, 238, 243
282

Dikkeh, 20, 36, 100;

DUk, 289, 310
this

Diodorus

298,

281-284,

Dabbeh,
Dahr, ii. 64

See

iL 326

Deewan

Divorce, 121,

124

of the

effects

Dakhitkhinee, ii,14

facilityof,

230

of Muslims

ii. 46

Dancing-Girls.
Men
and

to, 29, 69,

158

Divan.

23

ii. 239

referred

Siculus

Diria,ii325
Dirhem, 114, 132;

319

Dakk,51
Dameh,

281

Diffeeyeh,42

Zagh"reet

lamentation.

Darweeshes

Bee

and

See

Ghazeeyehs
Boys. See Ehawal,

Dogs, opinions and conduct

with
regard to, 120, 359, 360
eaten
Muslims, 367
by some
"

Domestic
the

Gink

Dar, ii. 50
Darabukkeh, 240 ; u. 73, 75
Darb, 5
Darb
el-mendel, 333, 338
er-raml, 334
Darweeshes, 291, 305-311; ii. 151,
152, 167, 169
whirling, ii. 153
barking, or howling, ii.
,

life of

Muslim

and

middle

higher

Egyptians
orders

of

(men),

167
of

women

the

same

classes,222
the
Doors

of

lower

houses, "c.,

orders,

243

7-18

D6raks, 186, 187

Doseh, ii. 176, 197, 199, 200
Dowry, 124, 126, 201, 202, 204, 220,
-244, 245

182
,

dancing.

yeh
Daw^yeh, 39, 264,
Day, Mohammadan,
and
Days, fortunate
ii.
241
207
Dayeh,
;

See

'Ees"wee-

Dress,

265

unfortunate,

16

el-Khideewee, 140
et-Tuggar, 142
of, ii.
Delhemeh, romance

131

"

DelUl, ii. 13
Dellaleh, 200, 239, 242
Demeereh, ii. 27
Demirdasheeyeh darweeshes, 307

Depilatories,51

; ii. 44

new

faith
men,

in, 270, 330

36

females, 51
military (or Nizamee),

ii.

310

278

Death, and funeral-rites,ii. 251

Debleh, ii. 319
Debloon, ii. 327
Debtors, law respecting, 131
Decrees
of God, 84, 353 ; ii. 202
80
Deen,
Deenar, 132, 134
Dee wan,

Dreams,
Dress, of

330

Drinking-cups, 187, 189

Drunkenness, how punished, 136
Duhr, 90
Dukhkhan
Gebelee, 172
Sooree, 172
ii. 286
Dukkah, 170,244;
Dukkin, ii. 9
Durah, ii. 27
Durkd'ah, 13
Durrah, for Darrah, 232
Dust, excessive
quantity of, 2
most
prevalent,
Dysentery, when
treatment
of, ii, 330

Eating, manner
Ebed, 93; ii.
Ebeeb, 277
'Eddeh, 125 ;

and
209

ii. 43

etiquette of, 179

363

IKDEX.

Edacation

of

Faddah,

boys, 65, 73
females, 78
higher branches
of, 264
"Eed
es-Sugheiyir (E1-), 116, 195;
210*

ii. 326

Fakeers, 310
Fakihanee, ii.

ii.

Falakah,

14

135

el-Kebeer

'Eeds

of the

"eman,

80

'Eesi.

See

(E1-), 116

Copts, ii. 287,

Farageeyeh,

; ii. 221
296

Faras,

Christ

38

ii. 64

Fard, 90, 121

Fard, ii. 15

ii. 187

16

Faroodeeyeh,

57

Efendee, 178
'Efreets,283, 287
'Eggeh, ii. 52
'Egl El-'Azab, 310
Egypt, its physical character, 1, 28,
'

population,

Egyptians.

See

27

Faskeeyeh. See Fountain

Fasting, 84, 109, 114;

ii. 148.

See

Ramadan
29

; ii. 331

Muslim

53

Farran, ii. 14
Fasee, E1-, cited,ii. 334

'-

and

191

Farce-players,ii. 99
Jesus

'Eesaweeyeh darweeshes,
Eewan,
Eezar,

Fanoos,

Egyptians,

Fatatiree, ii. 14
Fateereh, 169
Fat*hah, 76, et passim

Copts

specimen of the
chanted, ii. 84,

mode

in which

Ehram, 115
Eiyam en-Nesee,

it is
277

'Ekd, ii. 319, 323

Elijah, allusions to,

'Emameh, 38
Embroidery,
Emeer

293

238

el-Hagg,

ii.

el-Kebeer

159,

219

of,

269
304

'Enebeh, ii. 314

Enf,

ii. 64

Envious

disposition of

the

Egyptians,

382

Fesfesi.

Epilepticfits

induced

citement,
by religious ex-

ii. 175

'Eree, 40,
'Erk

195
45

in

See

Egypt.

blue,

344

Franks

and
modes
of counteracting
preventing its eftects,
70, 71, 72,
ii. 243,246
183,315;
eye,

or

Eyes,

modern

ornamenting

'Eyn, ii.

Fuseyfis^

183, 222

'Eshfe,90, 278
Eswed, used to signifydark
Eunuchs, 169, 225

Europeans

See

Grand
and
Festivals, two
(or Minor
*Eed
/^ee
115.
Great), 89,
periodical public, ii. 145,
,

ed-dahab,

'Erk-soos,191
'Erk-soosee,ii. 20

Evil

Fatoor, 169 ; ii. 206

of the, 42
Fawatim, costume
325
Feddan, 164; ii.
Fegr, 90
Fellahs, or Fellaheen, 27, 33
their politicalcondition, 159,
162, 163
domestic
dition,
life,social conand
ii.
24
243
occupations,
;
Fellahah, 33
Fesahah, or Fes-hah, 23, 194
Feseekh, 243
,

(E1-), anecdote

'Enaneeyeh darweeshes,

85

and

ancient

with

kohl, 45,

46

of

Fik-h

ii. 199

(El-,)266

Fingan, 173, 174

Firdeh, 165 ; ii. 91,
Fii-e,eating of, 305;
Firkilleh,307
Fish

53

'Eysh bi-lahm,

modes

Festivities,private, ii. 237

Fetteh, ii. 221
Fetwi, 144
Fidi, 116
Fidawees, ii. 129
Fikee, 74, 203; ii. 247

without

289
ii.

scales
in

Egypt,

189,

190

generally
119

wholesome
un-

364

INDEX.

Gellabs, 236
Gelleh, 244;
Gemb, 254
Generosity of

Fitr, ii. 325

Fleas

in

excessiyely

numerous

Egypt,

3,194
Flies

extremely annoying

Egypt, 3,

in

194

Flight,
Fool

of the.

era

See

Higreh

169

mudemmes,

nabit, ii. 223

honoured
Foot, the right, more
the left,259, 260
Foot-rasps, ii. 42
Footah, 180
Fornication, law respecting, 135
in which

manner

this

crime

are

women

Frankincense.

89,
Fruits

of

See

186

Death

See

after a, ii. 268

Fuseyfisi,ii.

16, 20
peasant's dwelling,

referred

See

ii. 86

good,

Ghawazee,

or

221, 240;

242

362

Genii,

or

how

they

pay

their

of the

virtues

99

82,

alms,

of, 313

names

ii. 14

Gohargee,
Gold

120

283

234

Garmashak,
Gawee, 175, 257
Ghazal, ii. 61
Gebr
el-Bahr, ii. 231

(El-),*wa-l-mukabaleh,
266

of

by

39

silver

and

Ginn

disapproved

ornaments

Mohammad,

170

Gebr

ii. 97

92
; ii.
See Ghazeeyehs

Ginyeh, ii. 327

Gipsies. See Ghagar
Gizyeh (or tribute), ii. 289
Glass, eating of, 305, ii. 190
God, his absolute
unity, 80

82

to, 73

Ibn-Gann,

Gariyeh,

25

of, 107

Gambling forbidden, 120

Gamfe', 92, 100
Games, ii. 46
of chance
forbidden,

Ghajar,

or

221

ii. 147

337

El-Mowli, sermon
Gahiz, 205
Gahennem,
or
Hell,

ii. 14
179

281, 332, 334

room,

Gad

ii. 55

Ghosts, 287, 288

Ghubeyri, ii. 222
Ghung, 237
Ghusl, 89
ii. 324
Ghuweyshat,
139
Ghuzz,
Gibbeh, or Jubbeh, 36
Gink, ii. 92, 185
Ginn, Gann, Ginnees,

of

the,
Keydee
of

86, 149, 238,

26

Furniture

Gann.

Muslims,

Fakeers

ceremonies

Galen

the

172

Funeral.

Furn,

of

Gum'ah

Egypt,
See

Fukari.

Fura,

Sabbath

100.

349

82

334

Gheyt el-kuttah,
Ghools, 288**

Liban

See

Friday, the

Paradise,

279

game
See

Ghazee,
ii.

Egyptians, 382

Ginn

Ghazeeyehs,

Egypt, 158,

in

(E1-), or

Ghawazee.

sometimes

punished, 150, 249

Fortune-telling, ii. 97, 98
Fountains
in private houses, 13
baths, ii. 37, 40
See Sebeels
-, public.
14
Fowwdl, ii.
Franks

See

Genneh

Gereed,
Geydee.
Gezzar,
Ghadi,
Ghagar,
Ghaish,

guilty of

the

Genii.

Geography,
Geomancy,
than

ii. 4

utensils

disallowed

Muslims, 174
of
Egypt, 29,

by many
Government

139;

ii.

308

G(5z, ii. 64
Gozeh, 173
Gratitude

wanting
character, 366

Grave,
268.

of

torment

See

Tomb

in

the

the, 84;

Egyptian
ii.

264,

365

INDEX.

Greeks

Egypt,

in

Guards,
Gumad

their

number, 27
Cairo, 140, 151
"
et-Tanee,

military,
el-Owwal,

in

(E1-), or

Friday, 100

275
Gum'ah

prayers

Habarah,
Habbak,
Habbeh,

100,

Hashh"sh,

ii. 14

Hawees,

ii. ,320, 326

Head,

Habbet

or

ii. 255

ii. 47

el-barakeh,

the

of it most
man's

shaven,

Habb-han,
coffee,174
Hadd, 136
Hagar of a pipe, 172
el-benzaheer, 327
el-hammam,

Hagg, Hijj,or

Hajjee, 115, 168;

ii.

Hell.

Gahennem

See

ii. 18

the

206

musattah.
"

Hemp

See

Musattah

"

"

used

"

induce

to

"

"

intoxication,

; ii. 33

173

first

when

for

used

this

in

Egypt,

Heneettn, 183,
Henni, 48, 212
Heram, 92, 193
Herodotus

above

barber, 73

kanadeel,

and

85

right,

of the

Heml

178

of dressing
Hair, women's, mode
ornamenting, 55
Halaweh, ii. 15
Halak, ii. 317, 322
222
Hamah,
Hambelees, 79, 149
Hamdu
li-llah (El-), 186
ii. 36
Hammam,
Hanafees, 79, 85, 149

Hand,

307

Hegabs, 312 ; ii. 322

See Higreh
Hegira.
Hekr, 362

ii. 41

; ii. 40
honoured

back

35, 67

Hemalees,

Hanafeeyeh,

and

upper

carefully veiled, 64
and
boy's, generally

Hefnaweeyeh darweeshes,

155

Haggeh, 168,

ii. 4

ii. 95

part

in

in ovens,

eggs

woman's,

318
used

left,

189
; ii. 215,
; ii. 7

referred
ii.

187, 251;

pose
pur-

ii. 33

218,

to, 34, 118

33, 258, 272,

292

(twice),
277

Hesab

259
,

left,used

for unclean

purposes,

185, 260

Harag,
Harah,

or

Haraj, ii. 13

Hararah,

ii. 40

Harem.

See

Hareem

persons
of
apartments

(E1-), 266
Heykel, ii. 283
Hezam, 38; ii. 214
Hezb, 309; ii. 240,
Higreh, or Hijrah,
Hilal, ii. 314

Hilaleeyeh,ii.

Hareem, 13, 20, 24, 168,

222

admissible

into

the

the, 223,

224

Hilbeh,
Hoboob,
H"$d, 74
"

-,

observed

customs

the

approaching

by

hareems

men

on

of

others,

to

qualify
private

258
er^

of the, 275

105

ii. 242
ii. 149

ml

Hogget-el-bahr, ii. 233

Hokkah,
Homar

226

ii.

6i

'alee,or

mughattee, 240,

-,
a

ii. 34

Hatching of
Hatoor, 277

sodi,

301

Hasweh,

57

El-*Attar, the sheykh, 272

of, 299,
Hasaneyn (E1-), mosque
See Moolid
ii. 149, 183, 193.
Hasheesh, 173 ; ii. 33, 129

Hashreeyeh,

of, 99,

105

104,

Hasan

man

generallynecessary
to

house

in

Wives

and

Haris, ii. 43
Has4, ii. 47

be

tenant

Cairo, 25,
Women

of
197.

See

also

241

Hommus,

170

Hooreeyehs, 83
Horses, how equipped for riding, 176
Hoseyn (E1-),place of his head, 27
See Moolid, and 'Ashoor^

366

INDEX.

Hdsh,

11

Hospitalityof the
Houris.

See

Egyptians, 183

Hooreejehs

Hours, Mohammadan,
of Cairo, 5-25
Houses
the

Howih.

See

Ism"*eel, or Ishmael, according to the

Ibraheem,
Muslims, the son whom
to
sacrifiGe,
or
Abraham, designed
116

278

peasantry,

Israfeel,84
Istiftah ez-zikr, iL
Istikhirah, 329

25

Hawees

170

Hnlaleeyeh, 62*
Huroobeh,

Christ, opinions of the

respecting, 80*
Jews
of Egypt, their number,
Jesus

221

Ibn

el-beled,or Ibn-Masr, 33
Hambal, his scrupulosity,354
Ibn-Khaldoon, cited,ii. 332, 335, 337
Ibn-Tooloon, mosque
of, ii. 332, 340,

prior
by

See

en-nugoom.

Astrology

er-rukkeh, 323
'Ilwaneeyeh darweeshes, 305
'llwee, 332
Images of things that have

'Immeh.

Imsak,
Indolence

life forbidden,

102, 121, 267

See

'Emameh

ii. 206,

209

of the

Egyptians, 371

Industry, ii. 1
Infancy, 65
Inheritance, laws of, 129
See Daw"yeh
Ink, 264.
Innovations, late, in Egypt, ii. 308
Inquisitiveness of the Egyptians, 260
Inscriptions on doors, "c., 7, 22, 320
InshiL,272
In-shaa-llah, 358
374
Intrigues of Egyptian women,
Irrigation,ii. 26, 27
Irritable
disposition of the Egyptians,

Christ,

h"]d

believers,

to be true

Is-hakee

(E1-),cited,ii. 30,
Ish'arah,
ii. 168, 185
Islam
(E1-), 80
el-Aazam

mensoob,

(E1-),333
66

341

of, 159,

304
life

domestic

of,ii.

306

and

character

pations
occu-

of, ii. 306

Jocular

the

disposition of

Egyptians,

386
Gibbeh

Jubbeh.

See

Jugglers,

ii. 95

referred

to, ii. 87
ii.

Kaabeh,
115;
l^isweh

E"'ah, 20
Kabbanee, 76
Kabdah, ii. 325
Kabkab, or Kubk"b,
Kadee
of Cairo, 142

213,

214.

See

55

the, 142, and

bribery practised there, 143, 145,
court

of

146
Kadees

general,148, 149, 267

Kadireeyeh darweeshes, or Kadirees,
in

306; ii. 215

of, 280,
Eaf, mountains
Eafal-wood, 188
Kaffarah, ii. 268
Kaftan.

See

Kuft"n

205,*211
Kaiiweh,173 ; ii. 31,
Kahk,

ii.

ii. 33

385

"

of

time

state
Egypt, political

ii. 303,

Juvenal

120

Imams,

of

the

patriarch Abraham, 110

Bashi, anecdote
of, ii. 289
the
seyyid, "d-Dasookee,
his moolids, 304
Ibi-eek,179 ; ii. 18
Idiots,respect paid to, 288
Idolaters,law respecting, 117
Ikameh, 97, 112

Ism

the

to

Muslims

the

81

Ibriheem,

'Ilm

"c.y 27,

ii. 303

28;

342

Muslims

Kahwegee,
K4im, ii. 166
Kaim-makam,
Kalam, 264
KalasVeh, ii.
Kamar, 40

159

280

32

281

367

IKDEX.

Kamarah,

Kamareeyeh,
Kamees,

Eb"tim, Suleyman, 206

Khatmeh,
157, 207, 300,
191, 212, 239, 253, 271

ii. 316
22

36

Kamhaii, ii. 326

Khawageh,

Kandeel,
Kanoon,
Kantar,

Khawals, 221 ; ii. 92, 242

Khayal ed^lill,ii. 102
Khazneh,'22,194; ii. 61,

191
ii. 61, 64
ii. 326

Kari-gyooz,

ii. 327

Khidr

(E1-), 293
Khilweh, ii. 44

Khiyar,

184

Khizam, ii. 323

Khoos, 301
Khudaree, ii. 14
Khuff, 57
Khulkhal, ii. 321,

Ehurdagee,
Ehushat;

185

Ehutbeh

of

marriage,

202

Sirkeh,ii. 247

the
Ehutbet

'Arafat, 116

Mount

on

el-waaz,

107

en-naat, 109
'

Ehutt,

ii. 207

Ehuzim,

ii. 323

Eibleeyeh, 275
Eibleh, 94, 275
Eibt, ii. 274

ii. 97

Eikhyi,

; ii. 64, 249

140

Eiladeh, ii. 319

Eirbeh, ii. 16
Eirsh, ii. 327
Eishk, ii. 223, 242
Eishr
*ambar, 257
Eishtiwan, ii. QQ

194
Khaddam,
Khalboos, ii. 239
Khaleefeh, 42
See Canal
Khaleeg, ii. 229.
Khaleel
"l-Medabighee, anecdote

Eisweh

Khaltah, ii. 223

Khalwetee, 309
Khamaseen, 2 ; ii. 222, 288
winds, 2
Ehamees
el-'Ahd, ii. 288
Kharroob, 191
Kh"t'beh, 199
Khateeb, 102
Khatim, 39 ; ii. 319

324

ii. 14

Eemengch, ii. 61
Ketb
el-kitab,202
EetkhudL
See Kikhyi
ii.
27
Keydee,
Keyf, ii. 30
Keytan, ii. 320

284

327

ii. 14

Kari-k61, and karakon, 140

Kara
kooseh, 184
Kai-ameh, 290
Karras, 264
Kas, ii. 72
Kasabah, ii. 325
Kaseedeh, 217, 274; ii. 271
Kasees, ii. 279
Kashif, 159
Kat'ah
bi-khamseh, "c., ii. 327
Katweh, ii. 27
Kawarfe*, ii. 127
184
Kawurmeh,
Kebab, 184; ii. 14
Kebair, ii. 268
Keemiyi (E1-), 334
Keerat, 131 ; ii. 325, 326
Kees, ii.327
ii. 42
el-hammam,
and
Keeyem,
Keiyim, 213;
Kefen, ii. 254*
Kelb, ii. 50, 54

ii.

178

Kheiyat,
Kheyreeyeh,

ii. 102

353;

Eaabeh,

of the
,

ii. 213

procession of the,
pieces of the, used

ii, 213
as

charms,

322

of,

Eiyahk,

and

Eiyak,

277

Eohl, 45; ii. 160,223,275

E6s, ii. 61
Eubbeh, 270
wa-t-teyr (E1-),ii.
274*

291

'

Eubt,
Euft^n,

or

EuUehs

for water,

ii.

for

EuUuk,

Eaft"n,

187

sherbet,

140

Eumedyeh,

36

285

191

; iu 20

368

INDEX.

Eumkum,
208, 257
ii. 321
Kummetr^,
ii. 279
Kummus,

Kun"fehl185

Leef, ii. 42, 160

Leewan, 16 ; ii. 37
See Lawingee
Leewangee.
Legacies, law respecting, 129

Kunyeh,

Lehaf.

66

Kur-au, quoted, passim

printed translations, "c, of
80
the,
taught at schools, 73, 74, 75
recitation
or
chanting of the.
-,
75, 95, 96, 97, 217, 353 ; ii. 199,

Ley

193

let ed-Dukhleh,

204, 214
el-Henni, 212
See Mearag
el-Mearag.
en-Nusf

min

Shaaban,

ii.

201

er-Roo-yeh, ii.
el-Eadr, ii. 210

ii. 224
en-*Nuktah,

253, 258, 269

of

the

mode

specimen
-,
chanting the, ii. 84, 85
petition offered
up
-,
reciting the, 96, 97, (note)
the

-,

laws,

chief

before

of

foundation

respect paid
sometimes

",

the,
quoted
to

the

355
in

es-Saratan, ii. 224

of

120

jest,

el-Wahsheh, ii. 268

el-Wahdeh, ii. 269
el-Gheetas, ii. 287
Leymoonateh, 190
Leyseeyeh darweeshes, 307
Libabeh, ii. 242
Liban, or frankincense, 45, 175,

238

ii. 160

352

the

whole

and

used

charms,

as

312,

portions

of

it

320

Kurbag, 135 ; ii. 6

Kureydatee, ii. 99
Kurs, 53 ; ii. 312
Eursee, 180
el-'emameh, 43, 205
el-wiladeh, ii. 241
Kussah, 210 ; ii. 314
.

Kuti),290
cited,ii. 334

Kutb-ed-Deen,
Kuttab, 74

Kuweysinee

(the

sheykh

"1-), 268,

272

Kuzbarah,

Shamee, 51
Libas, 36
Libbeh, ii. 319
Libdeh, 40
Libraries, 263
Lice, 3, 194; ii. 191
ii. 140
Litara, or Litham,
Literature, 263, 274
Lock, wooden, 24
Lodging-houses, 25
Love
of the Egyptians for
Lunatics, 288
Lute, ii. 67
and Maagungee,
el-firakh, or

Maagoon,

Eikhyi

Maamal

Ladin,
Lakab, 66
Lamps, 192,
of
Language

Ma'anee

the

Modem

Lanterns, 191, 192, 206

of windows,
120
Laws, 84,
Lawingee, ii. 38

Lattice-work

el-kumar,

el-

Egyptians,

ii. 46

Egypt, 272
of, 261, 268,
respect paid to, 268
in

decline

wa-1-bayan (E1-), 266

Mad'neh,

206

28, 261

men

ii. 35
Maamal

farroog,ii. 4

238

Learning,

try,
coun-

317
See

Kyahy4.

Learned

their

370

Leab

203

274

or

menaret,

earliest

91

of, ii. 339

Maghrib, 90
Maghsil es-Sultan, 325
Maghtas, ii. 40
Magic and Magicians, 312, 332, 334
275
Magnetic compasses,
of
Mahdee
(the sheykh E1-), Muftee
Cairo, 146, 149
the Great, 143
Mahkemeh,
Mahkemehs,
minor, 149
,

instances

370

INDEX,

Mikshat,

Mohammad

264

Mimbar,
Mini

Mohammad

100

of

Miracles

of

darweeshes,

and

saints

ii.

of

Mirwed,

prophets,
Mohammad,

290

Mohaddits,

ii. 114

Mohallil.

See

days
Mohtesib,

"God's

of saints, 302

Moolid

of

the

Bedawee,

303

Dasookee,

304

Moolid),

ii. 166

Muslims

the

by

of

81

appears
sleep,269-272

invoked

and

(the

the

yirtues

to

Muslims

in

ii.

of

his

ninety-

of

the

of

names

-,

tomb,

from

Mdsim

168,

150,

-,

blessing him,

by,

sworn

in trivial

matters,

-,

See

Moolid
of

Egypt),
his character, policy, "c., 29, 137,
139, 141, 163, 245, 280
"

ii.

Esh-Shafe'ee,

of

the,

278

103, 165, 265;

ii

lowed
eating, sleeping, "c., althem, except at the times
104
entered

on,
ministers

by

persons

with

105
and

inferior

vants
ser-

of, 103

354

(B4shi

193

Imam

shoes
-,

illiteracy,ii. 202
anniversary of his birth.

'Alee

the

not

imitated

his
,

Mohammad

in

their
and

"

99, 100,

by

315, 330

183,

351

of prayer,

counteracted

evils

ii.

el-Khaleeg,ii. 231

his

323

"

Moon, Mansions
Mooskee, 140

of dust

169

ii. 200

relics,314
yirtues

Prophet's

195

Mosques,

yirtues

Ed-

Es-Saleh,
of the seyyideh Zeyneb,
of

313

-,

EI-

ii. 191

"

354

names,

328

8,

Darweesh

Sheykh

El-'Ashmawee,

as

miracles, 297
respect paid to his tomb,

.,

ii.

Ahmad

seyyid

en-Nebee

phet,"
Pro-

"the

and

his

nine

155

a,

Moolids

"

",

ten

ii. 326

intercessor, 113, 354

298,

first

Ibriheem

regarded

his

of

in

El-Hasaneyn,

their

ccm-

154

354

an

the

Cairo,
Money,
Moneys of Egypt, ii. 326
275
Months, Mohammadan,
Coptic, 277
sacred, 107

respect paid to, 81, 138,

seldom

on

anecdotes

Mustahall

Apostle,"
"c.,

273

jkh,

; ii. 145

its value

; ii. 100

called

Mohammad,

customs

of, 317

ii. 316

Misht,
Misnedeh, 264
Misri, 277
Mistarah, 264; u. 64
Miswak, 86 ; ii. 160
Mitkal, or Mithkal, 114;
Mizagee, ii. 312
Moagizeh, 290

she

marriages
in, 202

-,

45

212
Mol^ahbazeen,

of^

275

tracted

297

the

Shih"b,

Moharram,

176, 189,

192, 197, 198, 216, 259

of

anecdote

El-Bah"ee,

Mohammad

102

Mosques,

304, 305, 306;

290,

anecdote

269

116

Muni),

(mlgb

Ministers

Bey, Deftardir,

of, 160

60

Milayeh, 42,

his revenue,

163

-,

thefts

committed

ii. 271

Mourning,
Mdyet zahr, 188; ii.
Maballigh, 106, 155
190
Mudam,

See Mu-dinat

Mu-dhinat.

Mu-dinat,

18

207

in, ii. 187

371

INDEX.

See

Mudnat.

Muweshshah,

Mu-dinat

91, 103, 104

Mueddin,
Mutattakah, ii. 242
Muftee
(supreme) of Cairo, 143,
an
honest, 148
Muftees
in general, 267
Mugawireen,
or
Mugawirs, 266
ii. 60
Mnghanni,
Mughassil, ii. 253

144

ii. 41,
IMEukeyyisitee,
Mnkhallafat

42

en-Nebee,
Muk-hulah, 46
Mnkleh, 43, 269
^olakkin, ii. 266
ii. 211
Mumezzezeh,

314

Mun^.

See

en-Neel, ii. 225-227, 235

and Nekeer, 84 ; ii. 265
at zikrs, ii. 171

Munshids

Morabit,

MiniL

289

Murakkee,

105
law

Murder,
respecting, 132
Mureed, 307
Muristan, 377
Mus"fir, 363
Musahhir, his cry, "c., ii. 207, 208,
209*
Mus"re',

ii. 54
ii. 158

Musattah,

Musellikatee,
Mus-haf, 312
Music,

ii. 57.

ii. 22

; ii.

171,

Nabk, ii. 254, 261

Nahhas, ii. 14
144
NalboftheK"dee,
*;
291
249
ii.
Nakeeb,
el-Ashr4f, 149,

245

'-

"

304

Nakir.

See

Munkar

Nakkarah, ii. 72
Nakshibendeeyeh darweeshes,
Naming of children, 65

307

193

Namooseeyeh,

Munadee
Munkar

217

Nargeeleh, 173
Naring, ii. 18
Nasara, and Nasrinee, ii. 51
Nashizeh, 126, 233
Nay, 308; ii. 69
Nazir, 102, 159
Nebboot, ii. 54
Nebeed, or Nebeedh, 118, 190
Neddabeh, ii. 252
Nedr, 302
of, 299
Nefeeseh, the seyyideh,tomb

Negeeb,

291

Negefeh, ii. 168

Newspaper, Egyptian, ii. 309
Nezleh, feast of the, ii. 160
Nezlet
el-Hagg, ii. 155
Nifas, ii. 244
Nile, 1
its rise,1, 2 ; ii. 224
of, 277
season
its fall,2
fertilizingeffect,1, 2
of its deposit, ii. 351
increase
rise of its bed, 2, 26 ; ii. 352
navigation of the, ii. 28
Nilometer, ii. 227, 340, 341
Nisbeh, 66
,

See

Chant

Musical

instruments,

ii. 61

See Alatees
Musicians, ii. 59.
Muslim, ii. 51
Muslim
number,
Egyptians, their
and
origin,
personalcharacteristics,
For
other
27, 31, 33, 44.
ticulars
parthe
respecting them, see
of Contents, or
Table
the
words
Dress," " Infancy," Education,"
"c., in this Index.
Musquitoes, 3
Musquito-curtain, 193
Mustaches, 35
of
the
Arabian
MustafSL, a name
ii.
141
Prophet,
of, 155
Kashif, anecdotes
Mustahall, or Mustahill, 229
"

"

Mutawellee

Muwatwatah,

"

Nizam

troops, 140

Nuss,

or

(E1-),291
51

; ii. 310

Noorah, ii. 44
N6rag, ii. 28
Norooz, ii. 235
Nubians, 28, 195 ; u. 274, 277
Nukalee, ii. 14
Nukl, ii. 205, 211
Nukoot, or largess, 212, 217, 221;
ii. 238, 244, 248

6%

178

nuss-faddah,

ii. 326

372

INDEX.

courts, 144
forms
of, 349,

in law

Oath

various

'Okoos,

ii. 324

See Aaguration
'Omrah, ii. 335
'Ood (or pipe), 170
(aloes-wood), 175, 257
(or lute), ii. 67
ViijkL,ii. 249
es-saleeb,ii. 316
OoU, '92; ii. 209
Ophthalmia, 2, 3, 194

Omens.

ii. 195

"

for

parting
de-

Mahmal,

journey, ii. 220

Pipe, 39,

officers

ii. 217

Mekkeh,

their
169

different

kinds

and

names

of,

169, 238

the

for

charms

the

escort, with

and

their

of

procession

-,

"

155

the
ornamenting
of their houses, iL 160
doors
arrival
their
in
-, Turkish,
their
to
Mekkeh,
on
Egypt,
way

Egyptians, 371

of the

the, ii.

of

mode

Obstinacy

of

Pilgrims, return
384

cure

of,

Plague, 2,

in
its ravages
,
of Cairo, 150

324
-,

treatment

of, ii. 330

Opium, use of, 118 ; ii. 35

'Orban, 32
Ornaments, female, ii. 312
'Osmanlees, or Turks, their number
in Egypt, 27
Owlad-Masr, or Owlad-el-beled, 33
called,
so
'Enan, darweeshes

Police

'Ilwin, darweeshes
305

122

so

its

present

in

ancient

late

decrease

Egypt,

of

Population

26

28

times,

darweeshes

called,307
of, 27

ii. 64, 68

classes

'Oyoon, 61
it is

which

sculptors of living beings,

their future
punishment, 120
"c.,
Paintings on the walls of rooms,
Painters

22

and

Palm-trees,
Panel-work,

tax

on,

164,

composed,

Egypt,

calls to, 91

postures

Shaaban,

and

night

; ii. 83

form
of

of, 94,

the

Middle

95
of

ii. 201, 202

great,

over

of

ii. 326

217,

dead, ii. 263, 264

Friday, 99, 100, 104, 105
the marriage night, 214,
the

219
at

120

the

tombs

of

saints,300;

ii. 154

26

of the

the

of

living beings forbidden,

Pigeon-houses,
Pilav, 185

construction

26

Prayers

Pilgrimage

in the

149

of

which

pigeon-houses,
of Muslims, 84, 90, 169, 179,
191, 193; ii. 11,329
times
of, 90, 278

Genneh

Parah,
Parents, respect to, 69, 370
Pavements, ornamental, 13
See Fellahs
Peasantry.
Perfumes, 175, 238, 256
of Muslims, four
Persuasions
of

of

28

Prayer

ii. 326

Pictures

classes
,

it is

of

165

16
See

Paradise.

of

Population

of

composed, 27
Cairo, 5, 28

Pottery employed

; ii. 3

Piaster

tians
Egyp-

respecting, 367 ; ii. 251

Polygamy, 121, 168, 227, 231
influence
of, 121, 122
limited
by Mohammad,

called,

ii, 216

Nooh,
Owtar,

so

the

of

Pollution, scrupulosity

amount,

304

1835,

of

Muslims, 84,

of

115
ii.

Copts, ii. 288

^

211,

Ramadan,
the
221

two

ii. 205

grand

festivals.

373

IKDEX.

Pirayers on other
r*i-ayer-carpet.
Px^destination,

113
occasions,
See Seggadehj
ii. 200

84;

its influence

the

upon

of the

character

Muslims,

ii.

Reesheh,
Reffit,ii.

Regeb,

275

Regm,

285

Rei

357

Presents

of private
given on occasions
"c., 206, 207, 212, 217,
festivities,
221, 258; ii. 237, 239, 244, 248
to servants, 195, 258 ; ii. 211,

221

66, 68,

314

14

(water-skins),ii.

16

lands, ii. 27
Rek'ah, 94, 95

Reland

referred

to, 73, 85, 89

Religion of the

Muslims,

79

"

258

by servants,
of food,"c., in Cairo,

Prices
ii.

; ii. 211

of articles

7, 328

Printing, scruples of
respecting, 355
office at BooUk,
Professors.

See

the

279

character

; ii. 309

used

various
dishonest

offences,141
tradesmen,

155

"Laws,"

See
.

Fornication,"

and

yemmum,"
Parse,

of

sum

"

Ghusl

money

so

of

Cairo, 4,
referred

Quatremfere

Eiyoob, ii.

Eaaraa

Raba,
Rabib,

"Ta-

"

called, 146

157

to, ii. 282, 297

61, 71

el-Owwal,

; ii.

248

Sacrifice

221

Muslims.

performed

ii. 227

ii. 211

by
by

116

day,

the

Friday,

pilgrims,

saints,67,
dead,

on

the

tomb

of

burial

of

302
on

the

others

; ii. 221
the
at

114, 131

Reehan,

See

116
^_"

70, 71, 103,

Saadees, 304,

or

Gum'ah

and

ii. 203

327

ii. 14
of the

Sabbath

same

Romances,

Rifa'ees,

(a coin), ii. 327

Sabbagh,

326

ii.

tions,
mutila-

93, 176, 180, 220

Sabaheeyeh,

of

and

Azhar

Haram,

et-Tanee,

and

Rabtah, 53; ii. 312

Rihib, ii. 280
Rahmanee, 332
Rakmeh, ii. 64, 68
Ramadan,
114, 275, 286;
of the Kadee, 143
Rasools
Rayeh,

and

306

275*

Reciters

See

Saadeeyeh darweeshes,

ii.

Rati, ii.

wounds

Revelations, successive,82
Ribat, ii. 61
Rifa'eeyeh darweeshes, or
305; ii. 93, 216
Rikk, ii. 70

Saad

222

25

Rabeea

ii. 155

for

of
so
Riyal, sum
called,ii.
money
Farans^, ii. 327
Roohanee, 332
Rope dancers, ii. 99
See Sebhah
Rosary.
9
Roshan,
Ruba, ii. 240, 326
el-*oshr,114
Fenduklee, ii. 321
Ruzz
mufelfel, 185

Apos-

ii. 327

Quarters

348

same,

Riwaks.

"Wudod,"

See
and

of the

tery,"
"Adul-

ii. 102

Purifications.

Muslim

"

tacy."
Puppets,

the

diseases, "c., charms

320;

as,

of
78

133

"

for

Retaliation

Psylli,ii. 93
for

state

present

357

Remedies

Azhar

of

the,

Religious education
Egyptians, 73, 77,

Muslims

Prophets and apostles,81

See Ghazeeyehs
Prostitutes, 150.
Punishments

of

ii.

259,

268

the

374

INDEX.

performed

Sacrifice

at

Coptic

riage,
mar-

the

by

'

Sacy, De,

Copts

at

relations,ii. 296
to, 120, 261 ; ii. 32,

of their

tombe

referred

34,
S"doomeh

113
the

Magician,

335

Sadr, 254
S"'ed, ii. 61

Saree, ii.

166

Sarf

nahw,

and

ii. 320

Safar, 275

S"g, ii. 339

Sigat, ii. 72

of the

segg"deh, 305
Sahhdr, 337
Sahlab, ii. 21
Sahoor, ii. 206, 207,

209

U. 14
S"ifgh,

texts

Saints, Moslim,

ii.

288;

197, 198,

of the

199
"

232

on

19,

154.

other
such
See

ceremonies

formed
per-

visits, 67, 300;

also

Moolids

and

Miracles

Sals, 169, 194

Sakeefeh, ii. 310
S"kiyeh, ii. 26, 316
Sakkis, 169; ii. 16
Sakki
sharbeh, ii. 18
^
el-'ashr,ii. 146
See Prayer
Salah, 90, 216.
Sale referred
to, or quoted, 84, 102,
134; ii. 210, 269
translation

of

the

ibid,

65, 60

xxix.

26,

ibid, 27
xli.

42,

; ii. 241
39

31, 90
3, ii. 272
Exodus, i. 16, ii. 241
iii. 5, 16
1.

xxii. 26

and

xxxix.

Levit,

30,
9"12,

xi.

119

xix.

32, 370
10, 135
13"15,

XX.

195

ii. 244

2"5,

XX.

27,

39

xii.

136

1, 90
5, 243

xxvi.

Numb.,
Deut.,

xi.

xix.
xxi.

Eur-"n,

15,
17,

Joshua,
Judges,
Ruth,
2 Sam.,
1 Kings,

144
129

1, 124

xxiv.
ii. 235

201

xlvii.

65

Saleeb, festival of the,

Salk, 219
Saltah, 53
Salubrity of Egypt, 4
Salutations, 250

; ii. 323

ibid, 47

"

his

199

xxiv.

298

offerings,and

; ii. 13

xxiii. 11

respect paid to, 137,

invoked
and
-, regarded
300
as
intercessors,113,
and
tombs
cenotaphs
',
of, 299, 304; the visits to these,
votive
300 ; the prayers,
sacrifices,

Sale,

"

Genesis, xvi. 4,

xviii. 364

288, 297,

306

and
Christian,
Scriptures, Jewish
held, by the Muslims, to be almost
totallycorrupted, 82
references
to the following

S"heb

it

ii. 233

ii. 181

Sagh"Ir, ii. 268

"

266

Muslims, 74, 165

Copts, ii. 281
for needlework, 78
Schoolmasters, 74, 76, 267
Sciences, 266
Scorpions,feats performed with,

Schools

Sa'eed,80
Saa,55;

Santeer,

Seeneeyeh

ii. 70

Sarraf, ii. 307

Sarrag bashee,
Satleh, ii. 21
Satreng, ii. 46

129

Sadakah,

See

Saneeyeh.

ii. 292

the

Samoom,

15, 16
xiv. 12, ii. 241
V.

184

ii. 14.
X.

4,

xviu.

35

12,

293

'

375

INDEX*

1
2

9"16, 293
ix. 30, 46
293
ivii. 4"6,
Chron., xv. 20, ii. 59
25, ii. 252
Chron., xxxv.
Iviii. 4 and
Psalm
5, ii. 93

Kings,

ii.

ii. 93

Eccies., X. 11,
Song, passim, ii. 172
Isaiah, iii. 16, ii. 322,
ibid. 21, ii. 323

324

ii. 93

14, 18
xxxvii.
21,

xxii.

Ezekiel,

ix.

and

12,

u.

2,

xvi.

40,

xxiii.

Matt.,

ix.

29,
23,

xxiii.
xxvi.

Mark,

yi. 22

ii. 9

11,

39

323
46

7, ii. 90

6 and

23,

of, ii.

132

167
See

El-Bedawee.
for

seyyids,see

other

names.

!^yneb.

See

and

Zeyneb;

proper

min,
Leylet en-Nusf
Shaar"weeyeh darweeshes, 306

ii. 201

seyyidehs,see

Seyyidni, 81

the,

275

Shaabin,
,

Shadoof,
Sha'eer,

ii. 26
ii. 319

Sha'eereeyeh,ii. 101
Sha'ers, ii. 70, 103
j Shafe'ee, the Imam
299,

Esh-,

his

tomb,

301
his

ii. 270

Moolid,

ii. 200
ii.

223, 288
See

Persuasions

Shafe'ees,79, 149
Sh"had, use of this word,
Sh4h-bandar, 142
Shahh"teh, 326
Sh"hids

Aboo-Zeyd,

of the
of

biers,and

"c.

"z-Zahir, 'Antar, and

See

Aboo-Zeyd,

Delhemeh

Shaleesh, ii. 199

Shara
Allah, 228
Sharabs, 190

369

court, 143

E"dee's

265

ii. 242

ii. 166

names

their

Seeneeyeh, or s"neeyeh, 180

Seew^

the

of

names.

Seegi, ii. 50, 53

Seekh,^ii. 61
Seemiyi, 332, 333

Seeret

proper

for other

ii. 160

of Muslims.

Seereg,

; and

Seyyideh

359

Sects

Seyd,
Ahmad

their

Acts, XY. 20 and 29, ii. 289

1 Cor., xi. 10, 60
Ephes., v. 19, ii. 239
Heb., xi. 21, 90
Bey., passim, 84
Sculptors. See Painters.
Seal-rings, 39
Sebeels, or public fountains, 74, 165,

Sebleh, 57
Sebt en-Noor,

203

Ahmad

5, 135

of

107

mosque,

Seyf(Es-),277
Seyfee,ii. 27
Seyrefee,336

ii. 90

26, 184

ceremony

female, 237
Seven
Sleepers, virtues
of the, 314
Seyf Zu-1-Yezen, romance

Seyyid, or

yiii. 4 and

in

Egyptians, 372

the

193

Sereer, 16,

183

3, 179
John, iii. 33, 39
vii. 15, ii. 203

Sebhah, 99,

Sel4m4t, 253
Semn, ii. 242

Seyyib,

vii.

xiii.

; ii.

105

209

304

and

299

ii. 252

23,

xiv.

Prophet, 104,

ii. 211

17, ii. 252

ix.

seyyideh,

the

to

Serpents, eating of, 304, 306 ; ii. 180

Serpent-charmers, 306 ; ii. 93
Servants, 35, 158, 169, 194, 255, 258

ilix. 22, 67

Jerexn., viii. 17,

the

Sel4m

Sermon

23, 60

ibid.

Sehr, 333
Sekeeneh,

Sensuality of

S.

ii. 6

Seggadeh, 89, 176, 242, 305;

of

tombs,

ii. 260,

376

INDEX.

Shar"kee,

Shiya'ees,79

ii. 27

Sharbit,190

Shobash,

Sharbetlee, ii. 14, 20

Sh"re', 5
Sh"teh, ii. 314
Shaving the head, "c., 35
Shawateh, ii. 314
Shiweesh
el-Hagg, ii. 155
Shazilees, 309
Shealegee, and Shealeh, 152
Shedd
el-weled, ii. 250
Sheddeh
ben"dncah, ii. 322
Sheeh, 318
Sheehah, ii. 130

Shoes

Silk

See

on

mat

or

ii. 11

to

36

men,

Gold

Sirifeh, ii. 247

Sirit (Es-), 82

303

ii. 64
190

Es-Sitt

el-Kebeereh, 232
for food, how

of animals

performed, 119, 120

Slaves, 28, 123, 126, 168, 195, 223,
224, 233, 246
emancipation of, 127, 236
See
rights of, 127, 236.
,

cups,

kollehs,

or

190

; ii.

20,

Memlooks

21

Shereefs, 38, 167, 178,

former

and

Slave-traders.

304

Sheykh, 44, 77, 167, 178,

of

clothing forbidden

Silver.

Slaughtering

(Esh-)

entering

stepping
carpet, "c., 16, 105 ;
Shoosheh, 35
Shops, ii. 8, 310
Showw41, 275
Shureyk, ii. 211
SidUleh, 16
Sidr, ii. 201, 254

ii. 223

el-Kebeereh

before

or

Sitt,*
168.

Sheesheh, 173
Shemm
en-Neseem,
Shemm"s, ii. 279
Shemseh,
Sherbet,

off

taken

mosque,

Sheefi,ii. 34

Shems

ii. 239

Sleeping,

289

present condition

each

of

persuasions, 149
el-Harah,

of

the

four

great

trade

Social
Soil

of

157

or

usages,

Egypt, 1, 2, 26
produce

of

insufficient

manufacture,

the,

29

; ii.

of

thieves, 158
el-Beled, 159
El-Bekree, 304
es-S4d"t, 305
of darweeshes, 305,
Sheytinee, 332
Shibr, ii. 325

30

ii. 286

Soobiyl^ ii. 21
307

158

170

Shibuk,
Shibukshee, ii. 14
Shiftisheh, ii. 320
Shih"b, 283
Shim"r, 40
Shinn"weeyeh darweeshes,

cultivation

the, 29,
Soms, or fasts,of the Copts,
Songs, 350, 351 ; ii. 76
at zikrs, ii. 170

servants, 158

Socks, ii. 9, 13, 310

Soor, ii. 64
death
and
Soul, state of the, between
the judgment,
ii. 268, 269
Star, fallingor shooting, superstition
respecting, 283
Strabo

referred

Strangled
and
307

to

Streets

of

Students.

Shitt

Subh,
Subooa

to, 73

animals,
food

as

Shintiyln,51
(Esh-), 277
Shitawee, ii. 27

259

27,28

158

Shibreeyeh, ii.

on,

250

of

of

244

observed

custom

et-tumn, 158
of

Gellabs

Smoking, 169, 172, 238,

Sneezing,

literary,268

See

193

the

Copts,
Cairo, 5 ;
See

their

to the

flesh

Muslims,

lawful
un-

119

ii. 289
ii.

8,

310

Azhar

90

after

birth, ii. 107, 241,

243

378

INDEX.

T6k, ii. 324

tombs, 226

; ii. 265
visits to, ii. 211,

-,

221, 271, 272,

296

often

in Egypt
Unbelievers, Muslims
taught to hate, despise, and
them, 73, 348 ; ii. 329
of
general conduct

curse

lims
Mus-

See

of saints.

Toobeh,

Saints.

to, 140, 348

277

Tooloon.

Uskuf,
Ibn-Tooloon.

See

ii. 279

Usury forbidden, 120

toot,277
Tooth-ache

prevalent
(Et-), 266

Towheed

Trades,

in

Egypt,

34

Veil, head-, 53, 60, 221

face-,57, 60, 221
antiquity of the, 60
importance and obligation
64, 67, 221, 224, 225
,

ii. 11

shejkhs of, 158

-,

customs

into, ii.

admission

on

249

Traditions

ii. 11

192;
of the

Prophet, 121
of hiding, 25,

383

custom

Tribes

Egyptian peasantry, 31, 32,

ViUages,

the,

is not

225

26

Visits,254;

ii.

of women,

248

247,

it

presence

required, 123, 223, 224,

Vermin, 3, 194

Treasure,
of

in whose

men

^~-,

Tradesmen,

of

211,221
239, 240

Tufeylees,365
ii. 60
tukeyseh,

Tumb"k,

173

Turabeeyeh (Et-), ii. 232

42

Turban, 38, 40,

colours

different

of,

different

guishing
distin-

classes, 42;

ii.

275, 278, 279, 299, 300, 304

-,

when

green,

shereefs,as

first

by

Watchmen

first
black, when
Christians, ii. 299
first
blue, when
-,
ii.
300
Christians,
of the 'Ulami, 43
much
respected,43
ladies',53, 55
-,
Tureiyi, 206

by

worn

See

Tyranny

of oflBcers of the

155, 157, 159, 160,

cases,
forbidden

to

Government,

162

ordered,

wage

war

contract

friendshipwith, 117,

348

See

Sakkis

or

Wefi

el-Bahr,

ii.

227, 231

"

to

Watwat,
Wefli
en-Neel,

146
Muslims

cries of, 151, 357

Nile, 1, 2, 187
of,ii.19
gratuitous distribution
187
bottles,186,

of the

51

ii. 326

Unbelievers,

meals, 179,

clothes,369, 370
in Cairo, 151

carriers.

Ukkah, ii. 326

'Ulami, 43, 149, 267, 269, 272
bribed
in
law
proceedings,
"

after

and

Water

'Osmanlees

Turks.

Ukeeyeh,

by

worn

before

353

184

187

race,

43

"

mahshee,

Warak

Washing

assumed

of their

distinctive

Wahh"bees, or Wahabees, 137

Wakf, 165
Walee, 150
Wa-llah, or wa-114hi, 349
War
against unbelievers, 117,

with

in

tain
cer-

; and

intimate

Weights, ii. 326

Wekilehs, 25 ^ ii. 8
Wekeel, 124, 201
Welees, 94, 269, 289, 332,
Weleeds, 83
Welweleh, ii. 252
Weter, ii. 61, 64

333

Weybeh, ii. 326

Wilad
217
el-lay"lee,
Wildan, 83
Wilwal, ii. 252
Winds, hot, 2
Windows
of lattice-work, 9

; ii. 259

j
'

379

INDEX.

drunk

in

by

secret

118
persons,

many

allowed

be

will

in

Yom

83

paradise,

rights

their

122

of,

number

lawful

Wives,

Subooa

144

126,

Witnesses,

See

es-Subooa.

Arba'een

'Ashoora

See

'Ashoori.

64
; ii.

218

Wishsh,

See

el-Arba'een.

es-sahar, 309

Wird

ii. 254

Yemeneeyeh,

118

openly,

some

259

51

Yelek,

by

drunk

on,

275

277

Coptic,

189

118,

obsei'ved

Yawning, custom
Yeai*, Mohammadan,

22

Muslims,

to

forbidden

Wine

glass,

coloured

of

Windows

40

Zaaboot,

170
Zaatar,*

"c.,

124

with
regard to
children, 125,

the

Zabit, 140, 150,

126

2aghabeh, ii.

to

dowry,

their

of

nurture

respecting, 126
regard to
feelings

rebellious, law
,

with

their
the

restraint

they

the

218

Zahir

of, ii.

into

regular

Zahireeyeh,
Zaitrgeh,328

to

"_

pray

whom

123,

guilty
put

to
,

of

home,

at

is allowed

man

unveiled,

even

to

223, 224, 225

capital crimes,

102
see

death, 133
when
marriageable, 198
domestic
their
life,condition,

See
244.
habits, 222, 223,
Veil.
and
Wives, Hareem,
apparatus
of, and
manner
Writing,

for, 73-76, 264,

Wudoo,

Wukkah,

221

; ii.

113, 146,

Zemzem,

virtues

ii.

254

160,

the

Zeyneb,

; ii.

301

Yahood,

or

Yakhnee,
Y"-Seen,
Prophet,

Zikrs, 207,

name

of

the

Arabian

THE

See

304,

302,

Moolid

308,

353;

153, 168, 180,

181

ii. 105

282
ii. 105
275

See
275

75

Delhemeh.

ii.

240

descriptions of,

particular

Zu-1-Kaadeh,

END.

of, 322

of, 299,

mosque

196.

Zummar'ah, ii. 74,

ii. 139

water

69, 74, 151, 185, 196, 207,

Zu-1-Himmeh.

184
a

seyyideh,

Zughbeeyeh,
Zu-1-Heggeh,

ii. 303

the

ii. 169

Zikkeer,

Zoba'ah,
Yaakoobees,

of
"

195,

Zinateeyeh,

ii. 276

147

ii. 72

151,

Ya'akibeh,

292

Zeiyat,

ii. 326

245,

Zekah,

265

Wukeeyeh,

and

or
processions),
215, 217, 219, 220,

213,

ii. 14

85

77,

(festive parades
208,

and

268

; ii. 20

72,

Zemr,
how

264

190

ZeflPehs

mosques

114

ii. 114

Zawiyeh,
Zawiyet el-'0my4n,

of prayer,

times

romance

ii. 168

102
seldom

(Ez-),

Zebeeb,

admitted

not

Zaghareet, 207, 210,

Zarf, 174,
cluded
ex-

nor

83

Muslims,

during

Adultery
souls,

paradise, according

from
the

of

destitute

not

See

381.

and

Divorce,

Marriage,

which

to

subject, 227,

are

Women

seclusion

or

151

105

ii.

LONDON

BY

PBINTED

STAMFORD

OLOWBS

WILLIAM

STUEET

AMD

CHARIKG

AND

CROSS.

SONS,

Albemarle

MUEKATS

MR

GENERAL

ALBERT

LIST

OF

MEMORIAL.

(The)

Street, London,
Febrvjary, 1873.

The

WORKS.

NatioHal

Monument

erected

the

at
CONSORT
Illustrated
PRINCE
Kensington.
by Engravings
of its Architectare.
Decq^atlons;
Sculptured
Groups,
Stfttues, Mosaics,
"fec. With
With
24 Plates.
Folio.
Metalwork,
Descriptive Text.
12M2j.
15{. 15".
Published
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Large Paper.
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*^*

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to

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AGRICULTFRAL
TO

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of

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FABLES.
64(A

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of

Edition^ fcap. 8vo.

of

of Truth.

Philosophy
EdUim,

By

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ON

(John) Enquiries concerning

Powers

AIDS

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ontline

some

Popular

; or

Colonies.

American

North

the

iESOP'S

Monument.

ADDRESSES

Introduction,

an

Portrait.

ABBOTT'S
in

above

l8.

FAITH

CONTENTS.

Dean

Miradet
Evidences

S Mosaic
liecord
Prophecy
Ideology and Subscription
The

Rev.

of Creation
.

Inspiration

Seripture

and

McCaul.

Canon

Cook.

Canon

Rawlinson.

"

Bishop

Ely.

of

Archbishop

.....

Bishop

Interpretation

its

Dr

"

of Christ

Killaloe.

of

Pentateuch

Death

Mansel.

Bishop

of Chr'udtanity

of
op

Yobk.

Gloucbster

and

Bristol.

AMBEIt-WITCH

Translated

ARMY

LIST

ARTHUR'S
New

(The).
by

(The).

of

England.
Woodcuts.

vei^.

to

Post

(John)
Philosophy

of

Lectures
Positive

2 Vols.

8vo.

(Sarah)
With

Biographical

General

on

Lajr.

hth

By
Fcap.

AUSTIN'S

8vo.

Ladt
8vo.

craft.
Witch-

for
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Monthly by AvJOwrity,

PuUiaJied

contvnwid

Gordon.

Dttff

(Little) History
Edition

interesting Trial

most

Lady

18mo.

Callcott.
2s. %d.

or, the

Jurisprudence;

Edition.

Edited

by

2s.

bell.
Camp-

Robert

82".

Fragments
Notes.

Post

from
8vo.

German

Prose

Writers.

10".
B

LIST

ADMIRALTT

WORKS

PUBLICATIONS

Commissioneni
A

OF

of the

MANUAL

OF

Edited
Editwn,

AIRT*S

Johk

I.

AND

Royal

Into
1887.

I.

"

II.

1845.

of
of

1862."

Description
Regulations

1864."

I.

Description

II.

Six

Years'

to

Ten)

every

Into Mean

Solar

Time,

8^.

{Beprint^

of Stars.

of the

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of the

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6".

{Bejtrini,)
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the

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Royal

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1861."

II.

AND

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of Time.

Description

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at

Tables.

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to 1870.

converting

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Refraction

for

of

60".each.

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Table

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1848

for

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TO

11.^Tables

Use

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to 1847.

Beasel's

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S".

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Longitude

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Semidiameter.

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Description

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SEXCENTENARY
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60*.

TABLES
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OF

PLANETS.

1760

OBSERVATIONS.

each.

1831

BERNOULLI'S

to

for

60".

4to.

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to 1830.

Stars

2760

Equatoreal.

METEOROLOGICAL

THE

OF

to 1830.

and

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85. each.

4to.

REDUCTION

of

Great

RESULTS.

MAGNETICAL
to 1870.

of

Elements

Catalogue
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ASTRONOMICAL

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1835.

to

49.

Saturn.

"

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TABLE.
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HIS
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ING
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24

OF

LIST

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