140072H B.H.A.R.A.

Bangamuarachchi
140083R A.P.L.D.T.S. Chathuranga
140075U T. Beniel
140077

CONTENTS
Introduction to Circuit Maker .................................................................................. 2
Introdution to Spice ................................................................................................ 2
Simple Zener Regulated DC power supply ............................................................ 3
Voltage across R1 for the sinusoidal signal ....................................................... 3
Voltage across R1 for the sinusoidal signal for half way rectifier ....................... 3
Voltage across R1 for the added capacitor across R1 with half way rectifier. 4
Voltage across R1 after changing 1k into 10k ................................................ 4
Voltage across R1 after changing Capacitor from 10F to 1F ..................... 5
Response for the AM-modulated signal through HWR ...................................... 6
The variance of output signals from a regulator when the R(surge) is varying. . 7
Voltage Doubler ..................................................................................................... 8
Half Wave Doubler circuit ................................................................................... 8
Full Wave Doubler circiut.................................................................................... 9
Comparing Half Wave Doubler and Full Wave Doubler ............................... 10
To get a smoother output: ............................................................................. 10
Voltage tripler circuit ......................................................................................... 11
DC Clipping Circuit ............................................................................................... 13
Clipping At 2V and -3V ..................................................................................... 13
Clipping At 4V and 1V ...................................................................................... 14

INTRODUCTION TO CIRCUIT MAKER

CircuitMakerisasoftwarewhichallowstheusertodesignandsimulate
electroniccircuitsbeforebuildingtheminphysicalform.Itispossibleto
determinethewholeoutputofacircuit,aswellastodeterminepropertiesof
individualcomponentsthroughthissoftware.
ThesoftwareweuseisastudentversionoftheoriginalCircuitMakersoftware
whichisafreeedition.CircuitMakerusesaSPICEenginetosimulatecomplex
circuitsandanalyseoutputsandproperties.Withcircuitmakercircuitscanbe
simulatedusinginbuiltlibrarycomponentsandtheVoltageresponseand
Currentresponseofthecircuit.Thentheresponsecanbeobservedbyplotted
graphsortakingreadings.

INTRODUTION TO SPICE
ThewordSPICEstandsforSimulationProgramwithIntegratedCircuit
Emphasisanditisapowerfulsimulationsoftwarethatisusedtodeterminethe
behaviourofanalogueelectroniccircuits.Simulationisanimportantpartof
circuitmanufacturingbecauseshouldtherebeanyerrorinthecircuit,itisvery
difficulttocorrectitafterthecircuitisphysicallycreated.Furthermorewhen
thecomplexityofanelectroniccircuitexceedsacertainlevelitbecomesalmost
impracticaltodeterminetheoutputbymanualcalculations.
SPICEsimulationenginewasdevelopedatElectronicsResearchLaboratoryof
theUniversityofCaliforniaanditprovidesadvantageofaccuratelypredicting
theoutcomeofthecircuit.Thissimulationsoftwareprovidescircuitdesigners
theopportunitytopredicterrorsthatarealwaysmetinrealworldenvironment.
SPICEiscapableofACanalysis,DCanalysis,noiseanalysis,transientanalysisand
includesmanymoreanalyticalsolutions.

SIMPLE ZENER REGULATED DC POWER SUPPLY

VOLTAGEACROSSR1FORTHESINUSOIDALSIGNAL

VOLTAGEACROSSR1FORTHESINUSOIDALSIGNALFORHALFWAVE
RECTIFIER

VOLTAGEACROSSR1FORTHEADDEDCAPACITORACROSSR1WITHHALF
WAYRECTIFIER

VOLTAGEACROSSR1AFTERCHANGING1KINTO10K

VOLTAGEACROSSR1AFTERCHANGINGCAPACITORFROM10FTO1F

Comparisonbetween10Fcapacitor,1kresistorconfigurationvs.1F
capacitor,10kresistorconfiguration:

Withabovetwoconfigurationstheoutputvoltageisplottedinthesame
graphasgivenbelow.Itcanbeobservedthattheoutputvoltageisalmost
sameforbothconfigurations.

RESPONSEFORTHEAMMODULATEDSIGNALTHROUGHHWR

THEVARIANCEOFOUTPUTSIGNALSFROMAREGULATORWHENTHE
R(SURGE)ISVARYING.

VOLTAGE DOUBLER

HALFWAVEDOUBLERCIRCUIT

FULLWAVEDOUBLERCIRCIUT

COMPARINGHALFWAVEDOUBLERANDFULLWAVEDOUBLER

Soasperthegraphwecanseethatripplefrequencyoftheoutputwave
issameastheinputinthehalfwavedoubleranditstwiceasthesupply
inthefullwavedoubler.Sothatwecanseethatinhalfwavedoubler
usesonlypositiveornegativehalfcycletogouptomaximumvoltage
acrosstheloadresistorandintheotherhalfcyclethecapacitor
discharges.Butinfullwavedoubleritusesbothhalfcycles.Sowecan
concludethatwecanseethesamebehaviorinhalfwaverectifierand
fullwaverectifieraswell.

TOGETASMOOTHEROUTPUT:

10

Forthiswecanincreasethecapacitancevaluesofthe2capacitors

Afterchangingbothcapacitorsfrom1Fto100F:

VOLTAGETRIPLERCIRCUIT

11

12

DC CLIPPING CIRCUIT

CLIPPINGAT2VAND3V

13

CLIPPING AT 4V AND 1V

14