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Modern Cadastre

Cadastre and
and Land
Land
Modern
Administration
Administration
Session 4b.
4b. The
The cadastral
cadastral concept
concept and
and evolution
evolution
Session

Jude Wallace

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Overview
Overview
Objectives
To understand the role of the cadastre in administration of a nation, its
operation and components.

Topics

The cadastral concept and the FIG Statement on the Cadastre


Historical development of cadastres
Components of a cadastre
Cadastral issues
Types of cadastres: Legal (Juridical) cadastres; Fiscal cadastres; Multipurpose cadastres
Cadastral models
CADASTRE 2014

References

UNECE, Land Administration Guidelines, Meeting of Land Administrators [go to Meeting of Officials on Land Administration]
US Dept of Commerce, 1987. The Multi-purpose Cadastre: A Modern Approach to organising Land Data and Information,
NOAA, 12pp.

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

An introduction
introduction to
to Cadastres
Cadastres
An

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

History of
of cadastres
cadastres
History

Egyptians 3000BC
Italy 1600BC
Roman Empire 300AD
Doomsday Book (William the
Conqueror) 1076
Maria Theresia Cadastre (AustroHungarian Monarchy ) 1792
Napoleonic Cadastre 1807

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Egyptian surveyors
surveyors at
at work
work
Egyptian

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Plan made
made about
about 1600
1600
1400
1400 BCE
BCE
Plan

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Departmentand
of Geomatics
Source: Land Registration
Cadastral Systems (Gerhard Larsson)

We need
need aa land
land information
information
We
policy
policy

David J Cowen. 2006. Chair of National Research Council Study on National Vision for Land Parcel Databases in US

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Features of
of modern
modern cadastres
cadastres
Features
Scientific
Modern cadastres are built according to scientific
standards using rigorous surveying methods.
Measurements and points are capable of being reestablished by similar or better rigorous processes.

People friendly
Cadastres allow people to interpret land information.
They form the basis of land management. They
reflect the way people actually use and think about
their land

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Extract from
from Swedish
Swedish cadastral
cadastral map
map
Extract

Source: Land Registration and Cadastral Systems


(Gerhard Larsson)

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Digital Cadastral
Cadastral Map
Map :: Switzerland
Switzerland
Digital

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Land
Land
Administration
Administration
Project -- The
The
Project
Philippines
Philippines

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

The basic
basic building
building block
block in
in
The
any land
land administration
administration
any
system is
is the
the cadastral
cadastral
system
parcel.
parcel.
Cadastres consist
consist of
of two
two
Cadastres
parts

parts
registers and
and parcel
parcel maps.
maps.
registers
Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics

The definition
definition of
of cadastre
cadastre
The
A cadastre is the core or basis of a land
administration system and is a parcel based
and up-to-date land information system
containing a record of interests in land (e.g.
rights, restrictions and responsibilities).
It usually includes a geometric description of
land parcels linked to other records
describing the nature of the interests, and
ownership or control of those interests, and
often the value of the parcel and its
improvements (FIG, 1995).
Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics

FIG Statement
Statement on
on the
the Cadastre
Cadastre
FIG
The FIG Statement on the Cadastre highlights its
importance as a land information system for social and
economic development from an international
perspective and recognises the central role that
surveyors play in its establishment and maintenance.
The statement does not recommend a uniform cadastre
for every country or jurisdiction, but gives a range of
options for establishing and managing cadastres.

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

PEOPLE

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

A successful
successful cadastre
cadastre
A
A successful Cadastre should provide
security of tenure, be simple and
clear, be accessible, and provide
current and reliable information at
low cost.

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Other essential
essential elements
elements of
of aa modern
modern
Other
cadastre
cadastre

Dynamic
Large scale maps
Registers
Complete ALL LAND
Correct and reliable
Supported by a coordinated survey system
Each parcel must have a unique identifier
Unambiguously defines parcel boundaries
both in map form and on the ground through
cadastral surveys
Publicly accessible

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Today cadastres
cadastres assist
assist effective
effective land
land
Today
management
management
Effective land management requires land information
about resource capacity, tenure and use.
The cadastre is the primary means of organising land
information.
The cadastre is
information identifying people who have interests in parcels
information about interests (e.g. nature and duration of rights,
restrictions, and responsibilities)
information about parcels (e.g. their location, size, improvements,
value)
In digital systems CORE SPATIALLY ENABLED INFORMATION.

THE CADASTRE IS UNIQUE BECAUSE IT REPRESENTS


THE WAY PEOPLE ACTUALLY USE THEIR LAND.

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Different cadastre
cadastre typologies
typologies
Different

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Functions of
of cadastres
cadastres
Functions
1. Legal cadastre supports land
markets
2. Fiscal cadastre supports land
taxation
3. Multipurpose cadastre supports
all LAS processes
4. The cadastre as an engine of LAS
supports delivery of Sustainable
Development
Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics

A modern
modern multipurpose
multipurpose cadastre
cadastre
A
helps
helps

sustainable development
conveyancing system
cadastral survey system
land use planning, land management and
environmental management
management of publicly owned lands
avoidance of duplication
control of land transactions
management of land dispute
public confidence in LAS

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

A parcel
parcel based
based land
land information
information system
system
A
Source:Ian
IanWilliamson
Williamson
Source:
Lawyers/
Surveyors

Fiscal

Local
Government

Utilities

Planning/
Land Use

Linkage and Searching Mechanism


Cadastral
Component
Digital Cadastral
Data Base (DCDB)

Other core spatial


data sets
National Geodetic
Reference Framework

Spatial Component

Automated Land
Titles System (ALTS)

Coordination
mechanism for
state-wide
geographic
information

Multipurpose cadastre
cadastre
Multipurpose
components
components
Tenure and
value
records

Resources
records

Other records
related records

Administrative
records

Other Identifiers

Parcel id

Other

Data-exchange

overlays
jhgjhjh

Conventions
Base maps
Geodetic reference framework

Source: National Research Council 1980

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Other parcelrelated records

Cadastral
boundary
overlay

The role
role of
of the
the cadastre
cadastre in
in the
the accession
accession of
of Central
Central
The
European Countries
Countries to
to the
the European
European Union
Union
European

Source: Bogaerts et al,


2002

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

CADASTRE 2014
2014
CADASTRE
Translated into 19 languages
Commission 7, FIG (1994-98)

Promotes
multipurpose cadastres which
include all public and private
rights
Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics

Now cadastres
cadastres are
are central
central to
to
Now
Land Management
Management Paradigm
Paradigm
Land

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Cadastral systems
systems service
service all
all LAS
LAS
Cadastral
processes
processes

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Significance of the cadastre


SDI
Cadastral
engines

Mapping agencies
and other data
providers

Land
Spatially
management
enabled
paradigm government

1.Multipurpose
Multipurpose
1.
Cadastre
Cadastre
(German style)

Incorporating:

Tenure

(German style)

Parcels
Properties
Buildings
Roads

3.Taxation
Taxationdriven
driven
3.
cadastre
cadastre

Integrated functions

2.Title
Titleor
ordeeds
deeds
2.
tenure
style
tenure style
cadastres
cadastres

Land policy

Value

Use

(Latin /Spanish /
(Latin
/Spanish /
French)
French)

Development

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Spatially
enabled
LAS

Services to
business
and
public

Country
context

Better
decision
making

Sustainable
development
-

Economic
Environmental
Social
Governance

Cadastral issues
issues
Cadastral

Documentation of informal or customary rights


Land registration (deeds, title, combinations)
Land titling (sporadic and systematic)
Parcels and properties
Boundaries (fixed, graphical, general etc)
Impact of technology
Using the cadastre to as an engine of sustainable development

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Cadastral Template
Template Project
Project
Cadastral
Evaluates and benchmarks cadastral systems
world wide.
Created by UN Resolution.
Shows how countries manage cadastral
issues

www.cadastraltemplate.org

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

Australias cadastre
cadastre in
in the
the digital
digital age
age
Australias
Cadlite
-- Cadlite

A PSMA PRODUCT
Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics

Australias cadastre
cadastre in
in the
the digital
digital age
age -Australias
Geocoded National
National Address
Address File
File G-NAF
G-NAF
Geocoded

Centre for SDIs and Land Administration


Department of Geomatics

http://www.g-naf.com.au/about.htm

The cadastre
cadastre will
will continue
continue to
to
The
evolve
evolve
Every nation
nation will
will have
have its
its
Every
own story
story
own
Your questions?

Your comments?
Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics

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