Sec 2

2.
Energy Consumption by Sector
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Figure 2.0 Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2011

(Quadrillion Btu)
1
Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleumbiofuels are included in
Renewable Energy."
2
Excludes supplemental gaseous fuels.
3
Includes less than 0.1 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net imports.
4
Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass.
5
Includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.
6
Includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only
plants.
7
Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to
sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Includes 0.1 quadrillion Btu of electricity net
imports not shown under Source.
Notes: Primary energy in the form that it is first accounted for in a statistical energy balance,
before any transformation to secondary or tertiary forms of energy (for example, coal is used to
generate electricity). Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding.
Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2011, Tables 1.3,
2.1b-2.1f , 10.3, and 10.4.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011
37
Figure 2.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector Overview

Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2011
End-Use Sector Shares of Total Consumption, 2011
40
Quadrillion Btu
30
Commercial
Residential
Industrial
Transportation
22%
19%
Residential
20
Commercial
31%
28%
10
Industrial
Transportation
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Primary and Total Consumption by Sector, 2011
Electric Power Sector, 1949-2011

25
50
Primary Consumption
Total Consumption
Coal
39.3
30.6
30
27.0 27.1
21.6
20.3
20
10
20
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
40
18.0
15
10
Renewable
Energy1
6.6
Nuclear Electric
Power
Natural Gas
4.1
Petroleum
0
0
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Electric
Power
Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass.

Note: See Primary Energy Consumption in Glossary. Sum of components may not
equal 100 percent due to independent rounding.
38
1950
1960
1970
Sources: Tables 2.1a and 2.1f.
1980
1990
2000
2010
Figure 2.1b Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, 1949-2011

Residential, By Major Source
Commercial, By Major Source
12
12
Electrical Losses
Electrical Losses
10
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
10
Renewable Energy
6
Natural Gas
6
Electricity
Electricity
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Renewable Energy
Petroleum
Coal
Coal
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Industrial, By Major Source
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Transportation, By Major Source
12
30
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Petroleum
8
Electrical Losses
6
Electricity
25
Quadrillion Btu
Quadrillion Btu
10
20
15
10
Renewable
Energy
Coal
2
5
Renewable Energy
Natural Gas
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Electrical system energy losses associated with the generation, transmission, and distribution of energy in the form of electricity.
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Electricity retail sales.

Sources: Tables 2.1b2.1e.
39
Table 2.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011

(Trillion Btu)
End-Use Sectors
Commercial 1
Residential
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011P
Primary 5
4,460
4,829
5,608
6,651
7,279
8,322
7,990
8,391
8,194
8,260
7,919
7,439
7,045
7,147
6,832
7,211
7,148
6,906
6,923
7,357
7,567
6,557
6,747
6,950
7,146
6,978
6,936
R7,467
7,033
6,413
6,775
7,159
6,868
R6,912
7,211
6,993
6,909
R6,168
R6,598
6,817
6,619
R6,603
6,585
Total 6
5,599
5,989
7,278
9,039
10,639
13,766
14,813
15,410
15,662
16,132
15,813
15,753
15,262
15,531
15,425
15,960
16,041
15,975
16,263
17,133
17,786
16,945
17,420
17,356
18,218
18,112
18,519
19,504
18,965
18,955
19,557
20,425
20,042
R20,791
21,110
21,093
21,626
R20,688
R21,531
21,596
R21,064
R21,862
21,619
Primary 5
2,669
2,834
2,561
2,723
3,177
4,237
4,059
4,371
4,258
4,309
4,366
4,105
3,837
3,864
3,840
4,001
3,732
3,693
3,774
3,994
4,043
3,896
3,945
3,991
3,973
4,016
4,101
4,273
4,295
4,005
4,053
4,278
4,084
R4,132
4,283
4,232
4,051
R3,747
R3,922
4,073
4,061
R4,039
4,090
Total 6
3,669
3,893
3,895
4,609
5,845
8,346
9,492
10,063
10,208
10,512
10,648
10,578
10,616
10,860
10,938
11,444
11,451
11,606
11,946
12,578
13,193
13,320
13,500
13,441
13,820
14,098
14,690
15,172
15,681
15,968
16,376
17,175
17,137
R17,345
17,343
17,659
R17,857
R17,711
R18,255
18,381
17,899
R18,078
18,021
Industrial 2
Primary 5
12,633
13,890
16,103
16,996
20,148
22,964
21,434
22,665
23,165
23,244
24,192
22,595
21,318
19,053
18,548
20,174
19,443
19,078
19,953
20,862
20,874
21,180
20,824
21,756
21,753
22,393
22,719
23,410
23,686
23,177
22,950
22,824
21,794
R21,799
21,503
R22,412
R21,411
R21,536
R21,370
R20,480
R18,813
R20,062
20,291
Total 6
14,724
16,241
19,485
20,842
25,098
29,628
29,413
31,393
32,263
32,688
33,925
32,039
30,712
27,614
27,428
29,570
28,816
28,274
29,379
30,677
31,320
31,810
31,399
32,571
32,629
33,521
33,971
34,904
35,200
34,843
34,764
34,664
32,720
R32,662
32,532
R33,520
R32,446
R32,401
R32,394
R31,290
R28,525
R30,309
30,592
1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants.
2 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only
plants.
3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose
primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
4 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and
independent power producers.
5 See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.
6 Total energy consumption in the end-use sectors consists of primary energy consumption, electricity
retail sales, and electrical system energy losses. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of
section.
40
Transportation
Primary 5
7,880
8,383
9,474
10,560
12,399
16,062
18,210
19,067
19,786
20,583
20,437
19,659
19,478
19,052
19,134
19,609
20,041
20,740
21,419
22,267
22,424
22,366
22,065
22,363
22,715
23,311
23,791
24,383
24,695
25,201
25,891
26,489
26,213
R26,781
26,920
27,817
28,272
28,751
R29,029
27,925
R26,989
R27,384
26,999
Total 6
7,990
8,492
9,550
10,596
12,432
16,098
18,245
19,101
19,822
20,617
20,472
19,697
19,514
19,089
19,177
19,656
20,088
20,789
21,469
22,318
22,478
22,420
22,118
22,415
22,768
23,366
23,846
24,437
24,750
25,256
25,949
26,548
26,275
R26,842
26,994
27,895
28,353
28,830
R29,117
28,008
R27,071
R27,466
27,079
Electric
Power
Sector 3,4
Primary 5
4,339
4,679
6,461
8,158
11,012
16,253
20,270
21,473
22,551
23,553
23,943
24,269
24,425
23,979
24,614
25,635
26,032
26,227
26,988
28,227
429,869
30,495
30,856
30,723
31,847
32,399
33,479
34,485
34,886
36,225
36,976
38,062
37,215
38,016
38,062
38,713
39,638
39,428
40,377
39,978
38,077
R39,626
39,346
Balancing
Item 7
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
8
7
2
2
-1
3
4
3
3
-4
3
-3
3
9
-9
1
(s)
-10
-6
3
4
6
-3
6
2
-6
5
-1
-6
(s)
(s)
R-1
(s)
(s)
R8
-9
Total
Primary 8
31,982
34,616
40,208
45,086
54,015
67,838
71,965
75,975
77,961
79,950
80,859
78,067
76,106
73,099
72,971
76,632
76,392
76,647
79,054
82,709
84,786
84,485
84,438
85,783
87,424
89,091
91,029
94,022
94,602
95,018
96,652
R98,814
96,168
R97,645
97,978
R100,162
R100,282
R99,629
R101,296
R99,275
R94,559
R97,722
97,301
7 A balancing item. The sum of primary consumption in the five energy-use sectors equals the sum of
total consumption in the four end-use sectors. However, total energy consumption does not equal the sum
of the sectoral components due to the use of sector-specific conversion factors for natural gas and coal.
8 Primary energy consumption total. See Table 1.3.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#consumption for updated monthly and
annual data. See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption for all annual data beginning
in 1949.
Sources: Tables 1.3 and 2.1b2.1f.
Table 2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2011
(Trillion Btu)
Primary Consumption 1
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
Natural Gas 3
Petroleum 4
Total
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011P
1,272
1,261
867
585
352
209
63
59
57
49
37
31
30
32
31
40
39
40
37
37
31
31
25
26
26
21
17
17
16
12
14
11
12
12
12
11
8
6
8
8
8
7
6
1,027
1,240
2,198
3,212
4,028
4,987
5,023
5,147
4,913
4,981
5,055
4,825
4,614
4,711
4,478
4,661
4,534
4,405
4,420
4,735
4,899
4,491
4,667
4,805
5,063
4,960
4,954
5,354
5,093
4,646
4,835
5,105
4,889
R4,995
5,209
4,981
4,946
4,476
R4,835
5,010
4,883
R4,883
4,830
1,106
1,322
1,767
2,227
2,432
2,725
2,479
2,703
2,681
2,607
2,099
1,734
1,531
1,434
1,353
1,531
1,565
1,541
1,617
1,675
1,660
1,394
1,381
1,414
1,439
1,408
1,374
1,484
1,422
1,304
1,465
1,554
1,529
1,457
1,519
1,520
1,451
1,224
1,254
1,243
1,176
R1,142
1,139
3,405
3,824
4,833
6,024
6,811
7,922
7,564
7,910
7,652
7,638
7,191
6,589
6,175
6,177
5,862
6,231
6,138
5,986
6,073
6,447
6,590
5,916
6,073
6,244
6,528
6,389
6,345
6,854
6,531
5,962
6,314
6,670
6,430
R6,464
6,741
6,513
6,406
5,706
R6,097
6,261
6,067
R6,032
5,975
Geothermal 5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
9
10
13
14
16
18
22
26
33
37
40
Solar/PV 6
Biomass 7
Total
Total
Primary
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
52
56
57
R60
61
63
64
65
64
64
63
R61
59
57
57
57
58
63
70
80
89
R114
140
1,055
1,006
775
627
468
401
425
482
542
622
728
850
870
970
970
980
1,010
920
850
910
920
580
610
640
550
520
520
540
430
380
390
420
370
380
400
410
430
R380
R410
450
430
420
430
1,055
1,006
775
627
468
401
425
482
542
622
728
850
870
970
970
980
1,010
920
850
910
977
641
673
706
618
589
591
612
502
452
461
489
438
448
470
481
504
R462
R502
R557
552
R571
610
4,460
4,829
5,608
6,651
7,279
8,322
7,990
8,391
8,194
8,260
7,919
7,439
7,045
7,147
6,832
7,211
7,148
6,906
6,923
7,357
7,567
6,557
6,747
6,950
7,146
6,978
6,936
R7,467
7,033
6,413
6,775
7,159
6,868
R6,912
7,211
6,993
6,909
R6,168
R6,598
6,817
6,619
R6,603
6,585
See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

Data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components.
3 Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels.
See Note 1,
"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 6.
4 Based on petroleum product supplied. For petroleum, product supplied is used as an approximation of
petroleum consumption. See Note 1, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end
of Section 5.
5 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.
6 Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu
using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6). Includes small amounts of distributed solar thermal and PV
energy used in the commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors.
7 Wood and wood-derived fuels.
2
Electricity
Retail
Sales 8
228
246
438
687
993
1,591
2,007
2,069
2,202
2,301
2,330
2,448
2,464
2,489
2,562
2,662
2,709
2,795
2,902
3,046
3,090
3,153
3,260
3,193
3,394
3,441
3,557
3,694
3,671
3,856
3,906
4,069
4,100
4,317
4,353
4,408
4,638
4,611
4,750
4,708
4,656
R4,933
4,858
Electrical
System
Energy
Losses 9
911
913
1,232
1,701
2,367
3,852
4,817
4,950
5,267
5,571
5,564
5,866
5,752
5,895
6,031
6,087
6,184
6,274
6,438
6,729
7,129
7,235
7,414
7,212
7,677
7,693
8,026
8,344
8,261
8,686
8,875
9,197
9,074
9,562
9,546
9,691
10,079
9,909
10,182
10,071
9,789
R10,326
10,176
Total
5,599
5,989
7,278
9,039
10,639
13,766
14,813
15,410
15,662
16,132
15,813
15,753
15,262
15,531
15,425
15,960
16,041
15,975
16,263
17,133
17,786
16,945
17,420
17,356
18,218
18,112
18,519
19,504
18,965
18,955
19,557
20,425
20,042
R20,791
21,110
21,093
21,626
R20,688
R21,531
21,596
R21,064
R21,862
21,619
8 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other
energy service providers.
9 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the
energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to
each sectors share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of
section.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
in 1949.
Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.
41
Table 2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2011
(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011P
1,554
1,542
801
407
265
165
147
144
148
165
149
115
137
155
162
169
137
135
125
131
115
124
116
117
117
118
117
122
129
93
103
92
97
90
82
103
97
65
70
69
63
R60
51
1
2
3
Natural Gas 3 Petroleum 4,5

360
401
651
1,056
1,490
2,473
2,558
2,718
2,548
2,643
2,836
2,651
2,557
2,650
2,486
2,582
2,488
2,367
2,489
2,731
2,785
2,682
2,795
2,871
2,923
2,962
3,096
3,226
3,285
3,083
3,115
3,252
3,097
R3,212
3,261
3,201
3,073
2,902
R3,085
3,228
3,187
R3,164
3,225
735
872
1,095
1,248
1,413
1,592
1,346
1,500
1,552
1,490
1,367
1,318
1,122
1,037
1,170
1,227
1,083
1,162
1,131
1,099
1,041
991
935
893
819
825
769
790
743
702
707
807
790
726
827
809
761
663
649
651
682
R685
683
Total
2,649
2,815
2,547
2,711
3,168
4,229
4,051
4,362
4,248
4,297
4,352
4,084
3,816
3,842
3,818
3,978
3,708
3,665
3,745
3,961
3,941
3,798
3,846
3,881
3,859
3,905
3,982
4,138
4,157
3,878
3,925
4,150
3,984
R4,028
4,170
4,113
3,932
3,629
R3,805
3,948
3,932
R3,908
3,959
Hydroelectric
Power 6
Geothermal 7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(s)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Solar/PV 8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
5
6
7
7
8
8
9
11
12
14
14
14
15
17
19
20

Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components and estimation.
Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 1,
of Section 5.
5 Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleumbiofuels are included in "Biomass."
6 Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee
Table A6).
8 Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee
Table A6) at commercial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.
9 Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6).
10 Wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass; and fuel ethanol (minus denaturant). Through 2000, also
42
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
WInd 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
Biomass 10
Total
Total
Primary
Electricity
Retail
Sales 11
20
19
15
12
9
8
8
9
10
12
14
21
21
22
22
22
24
27
30
33
99
94
95
105
109
106
113
129
131
118
121
119
92
95
101
105
105
R103
R103
109
112
R111
110
20
19
15
12
9
8
8
9
10
12
14
21
21
22
22
22
24
27
30
33
102
98
100
109
114
112
118
135
138
127
129
128
101
104
113
118
R120
R118
118
125
129
R130
131
2,669
2,834
2,561
2,723
3,177
4,237
4,059
4,371
4,258
4,309
4,366
4,105
3,837
3,864
3,840
4,001
3,732
3,693
3,774
3,994
4,043
3,896
3,945
3,991
3,973
4,016
4,101
4,273
4,295
4,005
4,053
4,278
4,084
R4,132
4,283
4,232
4,051
R3,747
R3,922
4,073
4,061
R4,039
4,090
200
225
350
543
789
1,201
1,598
1,678
1,754
1,813
1,854
1,906
2,033
2,077
2,116
2,264
2,351
2,439
2,539
2,675
2,767
2,860
2,918
2,900
3,019
3,116
3,252
3,344
3,503
3,678
3,766
3,956
4,062
4,110
4,090
4,198
4,351
4,435
4,560
4,558
4,460
R4,539
4,501
Electrical
System
Energy
Losses 12
800
834
984
1,344
1,880
2,908
3,835
4,014
4,196
4,390
4,428
4,567
4,746
4,919
4,982
5,179
5,368
5,475
5,633
5,909
6,384
6,564
6,636
6,550
6,828
6,966
7,338
7,555
7,883
8,285
8,557
8,942
8,990
9,104
8,969
9,229
9,455
9,529
9,773
9,749
9,378
R9,501
9,429
Total
3,669
3,893
3,895
4,609
5,845
8,346
9,492
10,063
10,208
10,512
10,648
10,578
10,616
10,860
10,938
11,444
11,451
11,606
11,946
12,578
13,193
13,320
13,500
13,441
13,820
14,098
14,690
15,172
15,681
15,968
16,376
17,175
17,137
R17,345
17,343
17,659
R17,857
R17,711
R18,255
18,381
17,899
R18,078
18,021
includes non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).
section.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: The commercial sector includes commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial
electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
Section 8. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
in 1949.
Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.
Table 2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2011
(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011P
5,433
5,781
5,620
4,543
5,127
4,656
3,667
3,661
3,454
3,314
3,593
3,155
3,157
2,552
2,490
2,842
2,760
2,641
2,673
2,828
2,787
2,756
2,601
2,515
2,496
2,510
2,488
2,434
2,395
2,335
2,227
2,256
2,192
2,019
2,041
2,047
1,954
1,914
1,865
1,796
1,396
R1,649
1,599
1
2
3
Coal Coke
Net Imports
-7
1
-10
-6
-18
-58
14
(s)
15
125
63
-35
-16
-22
-16
-11
-13
-17
9
40
30
5
10
35
27
58
61
23
46
67
58
65
29
61
51
138
44
61
25
41
-24
-6
11
Natural
Gas 3
Petroleum 4,5
3,188
3,546
4,701
5,973
7,339
9,536
8,532
8,762
8,635
8,539
8,549
8,333
8,185
7,068
6,776
7,405
7,032
6,646
7,283
7,655
8,088
8,451
8,572
8,918
9,070
9,126
9,592
9,901
9,933
9,763
9,375
9,500
8,676
R8,832
8,488
R8,550
R7,907
R7,861
R8,074
R8,083
7,609
R7,959
8,321
3,475
3,960
5,123
5,766
6,813
7,776
8,127
8,990
9,747
9,835
10,548
9,509
8,265
7,772
7,390
7,987
7,714
7,860
8,042
8,317
8,098
8,251
7,958
8,552
8,386
8,771
8,586
9,019
9,255
9,082
9,356
9,075
9,178
9,168
9,197
9,825
9,633
9,770
9,451
8,511
7,816
R8,210
8,064
Total
12,090
13,288
15,434
16,277
19,260
21,911
20,339
21,412
21,851
21,812
22,753
20,962
19,590
17,370
16,640
18,222
17,492
17,130
18,006
18,840
19,003
19,463
19,141
20,019
19,980
20,465
20,727
21,377
21,629
21,248
21,016
20,896
20,075
R20,079
19,777
R20,559
R19,538
R19,606
R19,414
R18,431
R16,797
R17,812
17,995
Hydroelectric
Geothermal 7
Power 6
76
69
38
39
33
34
32
33
33
32
34
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
28
31
30
31
30
62
55
61
58
55
49
42
33
39
43
33
32
29
16
17
18
16
18
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
3
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4

Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components and estimation.
of Section 5.
Table A6).
8 Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee
Table A6) at industrial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt or greater.
10 Wood and wood-derived fuels; municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,
agricultural byproducts, and other biomass; fuel ethanol (minus denaturant); and losses and co-products
from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste
Solar/PV 8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
Wind 9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
Biomass 10
Total
468
532
631
680
855
1,019
1,063
1,220
1,281
1,400
1,405
1,600
1,695
1,650
1,874
1,918
1,918
1,915
1,914
1,989
1,841
1,684
1,652
1,705
1,741
1,862
1,934
1,969
1,996
1,872
1,882
1,881
1,681
1,676
1,679
1,817
1,837
1,897
R1,936
R2,028
R1,994
R2,230
2,273
544
602
669
719
888
1,053
1,096
1,253
1,314
1,432
1,439
1,633
1,728
1,683
1,908
1,951
1,951
1,948
1,947
2,022
1,871
1,717
1,684
1,737
1,773
1,927
1,992
2,033
2,057
1,929
1,934
1,928
1,719
1,720
1,726
1,853
1,873
1,930
R1,956
R2,049
R2,016
R2,250
2,295
Total
Primary
12,633
13,890
16,103
16,996
20,148
22,964
21,434
22,665
23,165
23,244
24,192
22,595
21,318
19,053
18,548
20,174
19,443
19,078
19,953
20,862
20,874
21,180
20,824
21,756
21,753
22,393
22,719
23,410
23,686
23,177
22,950
22,824
21,794
R21,799
21,503
R22,412
R21,411
R21,536
R21,370
R20,480
R18,813
R20,062
20,291
Electricity
Retail
Sales 11
Electrical
System
Energy
Losses 12
418
500
887
1,107
1,463
1,948
2,346
2,573
2,682
2,761
2,873
2,781
2,817
2,542
2,648
2,859
2,855
2,834
2,928
3,059
3,158
3,226
3,230
3,319
3,334
3,439
3,455
3,527
3,542
3,587
3,611
3,631
3,400
3,379
3,454
3,473
3,477
3,451
3,507
3,444
3,130
R3,313
3,329
1,672
1,852
2,495
2,739
3,487
4,716
5,632
6,155
6,416
6,683
6,860
6,664
6,576
6,020
6,232
6,538
6,518
6,362
6,497
6,757
7,288
7,404
7,345
7,496
7,541
7,689
7,796
7,968
7,972
8,079
8,203
8,208
7,526
7,484
7,575
7,635
7,557
7,415
7,517
7,365
6,582
R6,934
6,973
Total
14,724
16,241
19,485
20,842
25,098
29,628
29,413
31,393
32,263
32,688
33,925
32,039
30,712
27,614
27,428
29,570
28,816
28,274
29,379
30,677
31,320
31,810
31,399
32,571
32,629
33,521
33,971
34,904
35,200
34,843
34,764
34,664
32,720
R32,662
32,532
R33,520
R32,446
R32,401
R32,394
R31,290
R28,525
R30,309
30,592
(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

section.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. =No data reported. (s)=Less than +0.5 trillion Btu and
greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: The industrial sector includes industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial
electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of
Section 8. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
in 1949.
Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14b, 6.5, 7.3, 7.8, 8.9, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
43
Table 2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, Selected Years, 1949-2011
(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
Natural Gas 3
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011P
1,727
1,564
421
75
16
7
1
(s)
(s)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
NA
130
254
359
517
745
595
559
543
539
612
650
658
612
505
545
519
499
535
632
649
680
620
608
645
709
724
737
780
666
675
672
658
R699
627
602
624
625
R663
692
R715
R716
735
Petroleum 4,5
6,152
6,690
8,799
10,125
11,866
15,310
17,615
18,508
19,243
20,044
19,825
19,009
18,813
18,422
18,595
19,023
19,472
20,183
20,817
21,568
21,707
21,626
21,374
21,675
21,977
22,497
22,955
23,565
23,813
24,422
25,098
25,682
25,412
25,913
26,063
26,925
27,309
27,651
27,763
26,407
25,339
R25,595
25,110
Total
7,880
8,383
9,474
10,560
12,399
16,062
18,210
19,067
19,786
20,583
20,437
19,659
19,471
19,034
19,100
19,567
19,992
20,682
21,353
22,199
22,356
22,306
21,995
22,283
22,621
23,206
23,679
24,302
24,593
25,088
25,774
26,354
26,070
R26,612
26,690
27,527
27,933
28,276
R28,427
27,099
R26,054
R26,310
25,845

Data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components.
3 Natural gas only; does not include supplemental gaseous fuelssee Note 1, "Supplemental Gaseous
Fuels," at end of Section 6. Data are for natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in
compressors) and small amounts consumed as vehicle fuelsee Table 6.5.
of Section 5.
6 Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel.
2
44
Biomass 6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7
18
34
41
50
57
66
67
68
60
70
80
94
105
112
81
102
113
118
135
142
170
230
290
339
475
602
826
R935
R1,074
1,154
Total
Primary
Electricity
Retail
Sales 7
7,880
8,383
9,474
10,560
12,399
16,062
18,210
19,067
19,786
20,583
20,437
19,659
19,478
19,052
19,134
19,609
20,041
20,740
21,419
22,267
22,424
22,366
22,065
22,363
22,715
23,311
23,791
24,383
24,695
25,201
25,891
26,489
26,213
R26,781
26,920
27,817
28,272
28,751
R29,029
27,925
R26,989
R27,384
26,999
22
23
20
10
10
11
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
13
14
14
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
20
19
23
25
26
25
28
26
27
26
26
Electrical
System
Energy
Losses 8
88
86
56
26
24
26
24
24
25
24
24
27
25
26
30
33
32
34
35
35
38
37
37
36
37
38
38
38
38
38
40
42
43
42
51
54
56
54
60
56
56
55
54
Total
7,990
8,492
9,550
10,596
12,432
16,098
18,245
19,101
19,822
20,617
20,472
19,697
19,514
19,089
19,177
19,656
20,088
20,789
21,469
22,318
22,478
22,420
22,118
22,415
22,768
23,366
23,846
24,437
24,750
25,256
25,949
26,548
26,275
R26,842
26,994
27,895
28,353
28,830
R29,117
28,008
R27,071
R27,466
27,079
section.
9 Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are reported as industrial
sector consumption.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
in 1949.
Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
Table 2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2011
(Trillion Btu)
Renewable Energy 2
Fossil Fuels
Year
Coal
Natural
Gas 3
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
198912
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011P
1,995
2,199
3,458
4,228
5,821
7,227
8,786
9,720
10,262
10,238
11,260
12,123
12,583
12,582
13,213
14,019
14,542
14,444
15,173
15,850
16,137
16,261
16,250
16,466
17,196
17,261
17,466
18,429
18,905
19,216
19,279
20,220
19,614
19,783
20,185
20,305
20,737
20,462
20,808
20,513
18,225
19,133
17,986
569
651
1,194
1,785
2,395
4,054
3,240
3,152
3,284
3,297
3,613
3,778
3,730
3,312
2,972
3,199
3,135
2,670
2,916
2,693
3,173
3,309
3,377
3,512
3,538
3,977
4,302
3,862
4,126
4,675
4,902
5,293
5,458
5,767
5,246
5,595
6,015
6,375
7,005
6,829
7,022
R7,527
7,740
Petroleum 4
415
472
471
553
722
2,117
3,166
3,477
3,901
3,987
3,283
2,634
2,202
1,568
1,544
1,286
1,090
1,452
1,257
1,563
1,703
1,289
1,198
991
1,124
1,059
755
817
927
1,306
1,211
1,144
1,277
961
1,205
1,212
1,235
648
657
468
390
378
288
Total
2,979
3,322
5,123
6,565
8,938
13,399
15,191
16,349
17,446
17,522
18,156
18,534
18,516
17,462
17,729
18,504
18,767
18,566
19,346
20,106
21,013
20,859
20,825
20,968
21,857
22,297
22,523
23,109
23,957
25,197
25,393
26,658
26,348
26,511
26,636
27,112
27,986
27,485
28,470
27,810
25,638
R27,039
26,014
Nuclear
Electric
Power 5
Hydroelectric
Power 6
Geothermal 7
0
0
0
6
43
239
1,900
2,111
2,702
3,024
2,776
2,739
3,008
3,131
3,203
3,553
4,076
4,380
4,754
5,587
5,602
6,104
6,422
6,479
6,410
6,694
7,075
7,087
6,597
7,068
7,610
7,862
8,029
8,145
7,959
8,222
8,161
8,215
8,455
8,427
8,356
R8,434
8,259
1,349
1,346
1,322
1,569
2,026
2,600
3,122
2,943
2,301
2,905
2,897
2,867
2,725
3,233
3,494
3,353
2,937
3,038
2,602
2,302
2,808
3,014
2,985
2,586
2,861
2,620
3,149
3,528
3,581
3,241
3,218
2,768
2,209
2,650
2,781
2,656
2,670
2,839
2,430
2,494
2,650
R2,521
3,153
NA
NA
NA
(s)
2
6
34
38
37
31
40
53
59
51
64
81
97
108
112
106
152
161
167
167
173
160
138
148
150
151
152
144
142
147
148
148
147
145
145
146
146
R148
163

See Table 10.2c for notes on series components.
4 See Table 5.14c for series components.
5 Nuclear electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear heat ratesee Table A6).
Table A6).
7 Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels heat ratesee Table A6).
8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fuels
heat ratesee Table A6).
10 Wood and wood-derived fuels; and municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge
waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes non-renewable waste
2
3
Solar/PV 8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
3
4
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
9
9
R12
18
Wind 9
Biomass 10
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
22
29
31
30
31
36
33
33
34
31
46
57
70
105
115
142
178
264
341
546
721
R923
1,168
6
5
3
2
3
4
2
3
5
3
5
5
4
3
4
9
14
12
15
17
232
317
354
402
415
434
422
438
446
444
453
453
337
380
397
388
406
412
423
435
441
R459
444
1,355
1,351
1,325
1,571
2,031
2,609
3,158
2,983
2,343
2,940
2,942
2,925
2,788
3,286
3,562
3,443
3,049
3,158
2,729
2,425
3,217
3,524
3,542
3,189
3,484
3,255
3,747
4,153
4,216
3,872
3,874
3,427
2,763
3,288
3,445
3,340
3,406
3,665
3,345
3,630
3,967
R4,064
4,945
Electricity
Net
Imports 11
5
6
14
15
(s)
7
21
29
59
67
69
71
113
100
121
135
140
122
158
108
37
8
67
87
95
153
134
137
116
88
99
115
75
72
22
39
85
63
107
112
116
R89
127
Total
Primary
4,339
4,679
6,461
8,158
11,012
16,253
20,270
21,473
22,551
23,553
23,943
24,269
24,425
23,979
24,614
25,635
26,032
26,227
26,988
28,227
29,869
30,495
30,856
30,723
31,847
32,399
33,479
34,485
34,886
36,225
36,976
38,062
37,215
38,016
38,062
38,713
39,638
39,428
40,377
39,978
38,077
R39,626
39,346
(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

11 Net imports equal imports minus exports.
12 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and
independent power producers.
R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.
Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal output. The electric
power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22
category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. See Note 3,
"Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of Section 8. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding.
in 1949.
Sources: Tables 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2b, 10.2c, A4, A5, and A6.
45
Figure 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006

By Energy Source
10
8.4
8
5.9
Quadrillion Btu
6
4
2.9
2.4
1.4
0.3
0.3
0.1
-0.6
-2
Natural Gas
Net
Electricity
LPG and NGL
Coal
Residual
Fuel Oil
Coal Coke
and Breeze
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Other
Shipments
By North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Code6

10
Quadrillion Btu
6.9
6
5.1
4
2.4
1.7
2
1.2
0
311
1
1.1
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.1
(s)
(s)
312
313
314
315
316
321
0.3
0.1
322
323
324
Liquefied petroleum gases.

Natural gas liquids.
3
See Breeze in Glossary.
4
Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated.
5
Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to another entity.
2
46
325
326
327
331
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
332
333
334
335
0.5
336
0.1
0.1
337
339
6
See Table 2.2 for Manufacturing Group titles of industries that correspond to the 3-digit
NAICS codes.
(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.
Source: Table 2.2.
Table 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006

(Trillion Btu )
NAICS 1
Code
Manufacturing Group
Coal
Coal Coke
and
Breeze 2
Natural Gas
LPG 3
and
NGL 4
Residual
Fuel Oil
Net
Electricity 5
Other 6
Shipments
of Energy
Sources 7
Total 8
311
312
313
314
315
316
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
339
Food .................................................................................
Beverage and Tobacco Products .....................................
Textile Mills .......................................................................
Textile Product Mills .........................................................
Apparel .............................................................................
Leather and Allied Products .............................................
Wood Products .................................................................
Paper ................................................................................
Printing and Related Support ...........................................
Petroleum and Coal Products ...........................................
Chemicals .........................................................................
Plastics and Rubber Products ..........................................
Nonmetallic Mineral Products ...........................................
Primary Metals ..................................................................
Fabricated Metal Products ................................................
Machinery .........................................................................
Computer and Electronic Products ...................................
Electrical Equipment, Appliances, and Components ........
Transportation Equipment ................................................
Furniture and Related Products ........................................
Miscellaneous ...................................................................
147
20
32
3
0
0
Q
221
0
102
182
Q
320
373
0
1
0
(s)
5
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
Q
0
0
1
3
0
11
253
Q
0
0
0
Q
0
0
638
41
65
46
7
1
87
474
39
849
1,746
128
460
627
240
84
45
42
249
17
25
16
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
21
13
(s)
33
8
3
30
7
2
2
1
Q
3
Q
(s)
3
1
(s)
1
(s)
(s)
4
5
1
29
2,304
5
5
4
5
3
(s)
1
5
1
1
26
3
2
Q
(s)
(s)
4
91
(s)
58
87
9
3
19
(s)
Q
(s)
0
7
(s)
Q
251
30
66
20
7
1
91
247
45
137
517
182
147
458
143
111
94
44
195
32
33
105
11
12
(s)
(s)
(s)
228
1,302
(s)
5,744
707
(s)
138
139
Q
2
2
21
13
8
Q
(s)
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-89
-406
-0
-0
-145
-0
-0
-0
-5
-0
-0
-0
1,186
107
178
72
14
3
451
2,354
85
6,864
5,149
337
1,114
1,736
396
204
142
103
477
61
66
Total Manufacturing ..........................................................
1,433
272
5,911
143
2,376
314
2,851
8,443
-645
21,098
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

See "Breeze" in Glossary.
3 Liquefied petroleum gases.
4 Natural gas liquids.
5 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible
renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation from
combustible fuels.
6 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated, such as
asphalt and road oil, lubricants, naphtha less than 401 degrees Fahrenheit, other oils greater than or equal
to 401 degrees Fahrenheit, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous nonfuel products, which are
nonfuel products assigned to the petroleum refining industry group (NAICS Code 324110).
7 Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to
2
Distillate
Fuel Oil
another entity. Note that shipments of energy sources are subtracted from consumption.
8 The sum of coal, coal coke and breeze, natural gas, distillate fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases,
natural gas liquids, residual fuel oil, net electricity, and other, minus shipments of energy sources.
(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because the relative
standard error was greater than 50 percent.
Notes: Data are estimates for the first use of energy for heat and power and as feedstocks or raw
material inputs. "First use" is the consumption of energy that was originally produced offsite or was
produced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mecs.
Source:
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, "2006 Manufacturing Energy
Consumption Survey" and Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report" for 2006.
47
Figure 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 2006
By Selected End Use
3.3
Process Heating
1.7
Machine Drive
0.7
Facility HVAC
0.2
Process Cooling and Refrigeration

Electrochemical Processes
0.2
Facility Lighting
0.2
Conventional Electricity Generation
(s)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Quadrillion Btu
By Energy Source
7
6
5.5
Quadrillion Btu
5
4
2.9
3
2
1.0
0.3
0.1
0.1
Distillate
Fuel Oil
LPG and NGL

NGL5
0
Natural Gas
Net Electricity
Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (5,820 trillion Btu).

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Excludes steam and hot water.
3
Excludes coal coke and breeze.
4
2
48
Coal
Residual Fuel Oil

Fuel Oil
5
Natural gas liquids.

Source: Table 2.3.
Table 2.3 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 2006
Net Electricity 1
End-Use Category
Residual Fuel Oil
Million Kilowatthours
Distillate Fuel Oil
LPG 2 and NGL 3
Million Barrels
Natural Gas
Coal 4
Billion Cubic Feet
Million Short Tons
Total 5
Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) .........................................

Conventional Boiler Use .............................................
CHP 6 and/or Cogeneration Process ..........................
12,109
12,109
21
11
10
4
3
1
2
2
(s)
2,059
1,245
814
25
6
19
Direct End Use

All Process Uses .........................................................
Process Heating ........................................................
Process Cooling and Refrigeration .............................
Machine Drive .............................................................
Electrochemical Processes ........................................
Other Process Uses ...................................................
All Non-Process Uses .................................................
Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 7 ...
Facility Lighting ...........................................................
Other Facility Support .................................................
Onsite Transportation .................................................
Conventional Electricity Generation ...........................
Other Non-Process Use .............................................
657,810
101,516
60,381
422,408
60,323
13,181
157,829
77,768
58,013
17,644
2,197
2,208
10
9
(s)
(s)
(s)
1
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
9
3
(s)
4
1
9
1
(s)
6
1
1
10
8
(s)
(s)
1
7
1
(s)
5
(s)
(s)
2,709
2,417
31
126
136
426
367
29
3
19
8
19
16
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
End Use Not Reported ...................................................
7,634
164
Total .................................................................................
835,382
40
22
21
5,357
46
Trillion Btu
Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) .........................................
Conventional Boiler Use .............................................
CHP 6 and/or Cogeneration Process .........................
41
41
133
71
62
23
17
6
8
8
1
2,119
1,281
838
547
129
417
2,871
1,547
1,324
Direct End Use

All Process Uses .........................................................
Process Heating ........................................................
Process Cooling and Refrigeration .............................
Machine Drive .............................................................
Electrochemical Processes ........................................
Other Process Uses ...................................................
All Non-Process Uses .................................................
Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 7 ...
Facility Lighting ...........................................................
Other Facility Support .................................................
Onsite Transportation .................................................
Conventional Electricity Generation ...........................
Other Non-Process Use .............................................
2,244
346
206
1,441
206
45
539
265
198
60
7
62
59
(s)
2
Q
6
4
(s)
(s)
52
19
1
24
8
50
4
(s)
35
4
6
39
32
(s)
2
5
27
5
(s)
20
(s)
1
2,788
2,487
32
129
140
438
378
30
3
19
8
412
345
(s)
56
10
6
2
(s)
3
(s)
5,597
3,288
239
1,654
206
208
1,066
658
198
91
65
26
23
End Use Not Reported ...................................................
26
49
168
52
304
Total .................................................................................
2,850
251
129
79
5,512
1,016
9,838
1 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible
renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation from
combustible fuels.
3 Natural gas liquids.
4 Excludes coal coke and breeze.
5 Total of listed energy sources. Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (5,820 trillion Btu).
6 Combined-heat-and-power plants.
7 Excludes steam and hot water.
= Not applicable. (s)=Estimate less than 0.5. Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater
than 50 percent.
Notes: Data are estimates for the total consumption of energy for the production of heat, power, and
electricity generation, regardless of where the energy was produced. Specifically, the estimates include the
quantities of energy that were originally produced offsite and purchased by or transferred to the
establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy or input materials not classified as
energy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells. Allocations to end uses are made on the
basis of reasonable approximations by respondents. Totals may not equal sum of components due to
independent rounding, the presence of estimates that round to zero, and the presence of estimates that are
withheld because the relative standard error is greater than 50 percent.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mecs.
Source:
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, "2006 Manufacturing Energy
Consumption Survey."
49
Figure 2.4 Household Energy Consumption

Household Energy Consumpton by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2009
Household Energy Consumption by Source, 2009
4
Electricity
4.39
4.39
South
Quadrillion Btu
Midwest
Northeast
Distillate Fuel Oil

and Kerosene
0.61
West
0.61
LPG
0.49
0.49
Natural Gas
4.69
4.69
0
1978 1980 1982 1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
2009
Energy Consumption per Household, Selected Years, 1978-2009
Total = 10.18 Quadrillion Btu
Energy Consumption per Household, by Census Region, 2009
150
120
112
138
126
108
100
114112
101
98
101
92
95
90
Million Btu
100
90
104
80
Million Btu
102 105
76
73
60
40
50
20
0
1978 1980 1982 1984
1
2
50
1987
1990
For years not shown, there are no data available.

1993
1997
2001
2005
2009
United States
Midwest
Northeast
South
West
Notes: Data include natural gas, electricity, distillate fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gases; data do not include wood. Data for 1978-1984 are for April of the year shown
through March of following year; data for 1987 forward are for the calendar year. See Appendix C for map of Census regions.
Source: Table 2.4.
Table 2.4 Household 1 Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2009
(Quadrillion Btu, Except as Noted)
Census Region 2
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
2009
United States Total (does not include wood) ......

Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 3 ..........................................................
Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene .........................
Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................................
Wood 4 ................................................................
10.56
5.58
2.47
2.19
.33
NA
9.74
5.31
2.42
1.71
.31
NA
9.32
4.97
2.48
1.52
.35
.85
9.29
5.27
2.42
1.28
.31
.87
8.58
4.74
2.35
1.20
.29
.97
9.04
4.98
2.48
1.26
.31
.98
9.13
4.83
2.76
1.22
.32
.85
9.22
4.86
3.03
1.04
.28
.58
10.01
5.27
3.28
1.07
.38
.55
10.25
5.28
3.54
1.07
.36
.43
9.86
4.84
3.89
.75
.38
.37
10.55
4.79
4.35
.88
.52
.43
10.18
4.69
4.39
.61
.49
.50
Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 .......
138
126
114
112
102
105
101
98
104
101
92
95
90
Northeast Total (does not include wood) ............

Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 3 ..........................................................
Wood 4 ................................................................
2.89
1.14
.39
1.32
.03
NA
2.50
1.05
.39
1.03
.03
NA
2.44
.94
.41
1.07
.03
.26
2.36
1.01
.40
.93
.03
.27
2.19
.96
.37
.83
.02
.24
2.29
.93
.41
.93
.03
.21
2.37
1.03
.44
.87
.02
.17
2.30
1.03
.47
.78
.02
.12
2.38
1.11
.47
.78
.03
.14
2.38
1.03
.49
.84
.03
.14
2.16
.98
.53
.60
.05
.10
2.52
1.15
.58
.72
.07
.09
2.24
1.06
.57
.52
.08
.10
166
145
138
132
122
125
124
120
122
121
107
122
108
Midwest Total (does not include wood) ...............

Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 3 ..........................................................
Wood 4 ................................................................
3.70
2.53
.60
.46
.12
NA
3.48
2.48
.59
.31
.10
NA
2.96
2.05
.60
.17
.15
.25
3.09
2.22
.56
.19
.13
.25
2.61
1.78
.56
.16
.11
.27
2.80
1.99
.55
.13
.13
.27
2.73
1.83
.61
.16
.13
.25
2.81
1.88
.66
.13
.13
.17
3.13
2.07
.74
.13
.19
.11
3.22
2.20
.75
.11
.17
.08
2.86
1.84
.81
.06
.15
.09
2.91
1.72
.94
.06
.18
.13
2.91
1.75
.94
.03
.19
.14
180
168
141
146
122
129
123
122
134
134
117
113
112
South Total (does not include wood) ...................

Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 3 ..........................................................
Wood 4 ................................................................
2.43
.96
1.00
.32
.15
NA
2.30
.91
.97
.28
.14
NA
2.57
1.12
1.06
.25
.14
.23
2.41
1.15
1.01
.14
.12
.21
2.45
1.14
1.01
.18
.12
.33
2.50
1.15
1.06
.16
.12
.33
2.61
1.09
1.22
.17
.12
.26
2.60
1.03
1.36
.11
.10
.17
2.95
1.18
1.51
.13
.13
.17
3.01
1.13
1.67
.10
.12
.12
3.21
1.13
1.89
.08
.12
.09
3.25
.94
2.07
.07
.18
.12
3.22
.94
2.09
.05
.14
.16
99
92
95
87
87
85
84
81
88
84
83
80
76
West Total (does not include wood) ....................

Natural Gas ........................................................
Electricity 3 ..........................................................
Wood 4 ................................................................
1.54
.95
.48
.09
.03
NA
1.47
.88
.47
.09
.04
NA
1.34
.86
.41
.04
.04
.11
1.42
.90
.46
.03
.04
.13
1.33
.85
.41
.03
.04
.13
1.45
.91
.47
.04
.03
.17
1.42
.88
.48
.02
.05
.17
1.51
.92
.54
.02
.03
.12
1.55
.91
.56
.03
.04
.12
1.63
.93
.64
.03
.04
.10
1.63
.90
.66
.02
.06
.10
1.87
.98
.76
.03
.10
.09
1.82
.94
.79
.01
.08
.10
110
100
84
87
81
85
78
78
76
75
70
77
73
1 Includes energy consumption in occupied primary housing units only, which differs from residential
sector energy consumption.
2 See Appendix C for map of Census regions.
3 Retail electricity. One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu.
4 Wood is not included in the region and U.S. totals, or in the consumption-per-household data.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Data are estimates, and are for major energy sources only. For years not shown, there are
no data available. Data for 19781984 are for April of year shown through March of following year; data
for 1987 forward are for the calendar year. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent
rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/.
Sources: 1978 and 1979U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-84, "Residential
Energy Consumption Survey." 1980 forwardEIA, Form EIA-457, "Residential Energy Consumption
Survey."
51
Figure 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures

Household Energy Consumption by End Use, Selected Years,
1978-2005
Household Energy Expenditures, Selected Years, 1978-2005

250
201
200
Space Heating
4
Appliances, Electronics, and Lighting
160
Billion Dollars
Quadrillion Btu
6
150
136
124
110
100
76
Water Heating
55
97
98
1984
1987
83 87
63
50
Air Conditioning
0
0
1978 1980 1982 1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
Household Energy Consumption for Space Heating by Fuel 2005
1978 1980 1982
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
Appliances, Electronics, and Lighting Expenditures, Selected

Years, 1978-2005
100
87
LPG
LPG4
0.32
0.32
80
72
Fuel
Oil
Fuel
0.75
0.75
Natural Gas
Natural
2.95 Gas
2.95
Billion Dollars
Electricty
Electricity
0.28
0.28
64
60
56
49
39
40
29
20
42
32 34
20
0
1978 1980 1982 1984
Total = 4.30 Quadrillion Btu

1
For years not shown, there are no data available.

Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See Nominal Dollars in Glossary.
3
Distillate fuel oil and kerosene.
2
52

Source: Table 2.5.
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
Table 2.5 Household 1 Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use, Selected Years, 1978-2005
Air
Conditioning
Space Heating
Year
Natural
Gas
Electricity 3
Fuel
Oil 4
LPG 5
Total
Electricity 3
Appliances, 2 Electronics, and Lighting
Water Heating
Natural
Gas
Electricity 3
Fuel
Oil 4
LPG 5
Total
Natural
Gas
Electricity 3
LPG 5
Total
0.06
.07
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.05
.08
.05
.15
1.53
1.74
1.71
1.64
1.63
1.64
1.67
1.82
1.92
1.69
2.12
0.28
.36
.43
.43
.35
.34
.33
.29
.37
.37
.43
1.46
1.54
1.52
1.50
1.59
1.72
1.91
2.08
2.33
2.52
2.77
0.03
.05
.05
.05
.04
.04
.03
.03
.02
.05
.05
1.77
1.95
2.00
1.98
1.98
2.10
2.27
2.40
2.72
2.94
3.25
0.36
.57
.51
.54
.58
.50
.65
.58
.89
.69
3.28
6.95
11.29
12.52
13.33
14.74
13.91
15.28
16.98
19.76
21.62
31.98
0.93
1.91
2.17
2.58
2.31
2.02
2.03
1.98
2.86
3.83
4.80
19.24
26.74
29.70
31.29
36.36
39.83
46.95
53.52
60.57
66.94
80.92
0.25
.44
.52
.52
.54
.46
.48
.42
.36
.86
1.37
20.42
29.09
32.39
34.39
39.21
42.31
49.46
55.92
63.79
71.63
87.09
Consumption (quadrillion Btu)

1978
1980
1981
1982
1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
4.26
3.41
3.69
3.14
3.51
3.38
3.37
3.67
3.61
3.32
2.95
0.40
.27
.26
.25
.25
.28
.30
.41
.40
.39
.28
2.05
1.30
1.06
1.04
1.11
1.05
.93
.95
.91
.62
.75
0.23
.23
.21
.19
.21
.22
.19
.30
.26
.28
.32
6.94
5.21
5.22
4.62
5.08
4.93
4.79
5.33
5.18
4.61
4.30
0.31
.36
.34
.31
.32
.44
.48
.46
.42
.62
.88
1.04
1.15
1.13
1.15
1.10
1.10
1.16
1.31
1.29
1.15
1.41
0.29
.30
.30
.28
.32
.31
.34
.34
.39
.36
.42
0.14
.22
.22
.15
.15
.17
.11
.12
.16
.13
.14
Expenditures (billion nominal dollars 6)

1978
1980
1981
1982
1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
11.49
13.22
16.62
17.74
20.66
18.05
18.59
21.95
24.11
31.84
31.97
3.53
3.78
3.93
4.21
4.62
5.53
6.16
8.66
8.56
8.98
7.42
8.06
10.48
9.44
8.80
8.51
6.25
7.42
6.24
6.57
5.66
10.99
1.05
1.78
1.78
1.69
2.00
1.85
2.01
2.81
2.79
4.04
6.35
24.13
29.26
31.77
32.44
35.79
31.68
34.18
39.66
42.03
50.52
56.73
3.97
5.84
6.23
6.23
7.06
9.77
11.23
11.31
10.20
15.94
25.26
2.88
4.51
5.13
6.51
6.63
6.02
6.59
8.08
8.84
11.31
15.57
1 Includes energy consumption in occupied primary housing units only, which differs from
residential sector energy consumption.
2 Includes refrigerators.
3 Retail electricity. One kilowatthour=3,412 Btu.
4 Distillate fuel oil and kerosene.
6 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
3.15
4.45
4.94
5.00
6.44
6.45
7.21
7.58
8.99
8.47
11.13
0.56
1.76
1.94
1.28
1.09
.94
.83
.74
1.04
1.15
2.00
Notes: 2009 data for this table were not available in time for publication. Data are estimates.
For years not shown, there are no data available. Totals may not equal sum of components
due to independent rounding.
Sources: 1978U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-84, "Residential
Energy Consumption Survey." 1980 forwardEIA, Form EIA-457, "Residential Energy
Consumption Survey."
53
Figure 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types, Appliances, and Electronics
Share of Households With Selected Appliances, 1980 and 2009
1980
100
2009
86
Percent
79
74
6%
5%
61
60
59
38
40
2% 1%
96
82
77
80
Space Heating by Main Fuel, 2009
50%
37
30
35%
23
20
14
Natural Gas
Electricity
LPG
Distillate Fuel Oil
Wood
Other4
14
0
One
Two or More
Refrigerators
Separate
Freezer
Clothes
Washer
Clothes
Dryer
Dishwasher
Microwave
Oven
Share of Households With Selected Electronics, 1997 and 2009
Air-Conditioning Equipment, 1980 and 2009
100
100
88
None 13%
1997
80
2009
60
51
44
40
20
37
32
33
29
41
35
29
40
21
One
Two
Three or More
Televisions
VCR
DVR
Window/Wall
Unit 24%
Window/Wall
Unit 30%
Central System
63%
(7)
None 43%
60
43
Percent
Percent
80
20
6
One
Two or More
Central System
27%
Computers
0
1980
Natural gas and electric.

3
Includes kerosene.
4
Coal, solar, other fuel, or no heating equipment.
5
Video Cassette Recorder.
54
2009
Digital Video Recorder.

Not collected in 1997.
Note: Total may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Source: Table 2.6.
Table 2.6 Household End Uses: Fuel Types, Appliances, and Electronics, Selected Years, 1978-2009
Year
Change
Appliance
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1984
1987
1990
1993
1997
2001
2005
2009
1980 to 2009
Total Households (millions) ..........
77
78
82
83
84
86
91
94
97
101
107
111
114
32
Percent of Households
Space Heating - Main Fuel 1
Natural Gas ....................................
Electricity 2 ......................................
Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............
Distillate Fuel Oil 3 ..........................
Wood ..............................................
Other 4 or No Equipment ................
55
16
4
20
2
3
55
17
5
17
4
2
55
18
5
15
6
2
56
17
4
14
6
3
57
16
5
13
7
3
55
17
5
12
7
3
55
20
5
12
6
3
55
23
5
11
4
2
53
26
5
11
3
2
52
29
5
9
2
2
55
29
5
7
2
2
52
30
5
7
3
3
50
35
5
6
2
1
-5
17
0
-9
-4
-1
Air Conditioning - Equipment

Central System 5 ............................
Window/Wall Unit 5 .........................
None ...............................................
23
33
44
24
31
45
27
30
43
27
31
42
28
30
42
30
30
40
34
30
36
39
29
32
44
25
32
47
25
28
55
23
23
59
25
16
63
24
13
36
-6
-30
Water Heating - Main Fuel

Natural Gas ....................................
Electricity 2 ......................................
Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............
Distillate Fuel Oil 3 ..........................
Other or No Water Heating .............
55
33
4
8
0
55
33
4
7
0
54
32
4
9
1
55
33
4
7
1
56
32
4
7
1
54
33
4
6
1
54
35
3
6
1
53
37
3
5
1
53
38
3
5
1
52
39
3
5
1
54
38
3
4
0
53
39
4
4
0
51
41
4
3
1
-3
9
0
-6
0
Appliances
Refrigerator 6 ..................................
One ...............................................
Two or More .................................
Separate Freezer ............................
Clothes Washer ..............................
Clothes Dryer ..................................
Natural Gas ..................................
Electric ..........................................
Dishwasher .....................................
Range/Stove/Oven .........................
Natural Gas ..................................
Electric ..........................................
Microwave Oven .............................
100
86
14
35
74
59
14
45
35
99
48
53
8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
100
86
14
38
74
61
14
47
37
99
46
57
14
100
87
13
38
73
61
16
45
37
100
46
56
17
100
86
13
37
71
60
15
45
36
99
47
56
21
100
88
12
37
73
62
16
46
38
99
46
57
34
100
86
14
34
75
66
15
51
43
99
43
60
61
100
84
15
34
76
69
16
53
45
100
42
59
79
100
85
15
35
77
70
14
57
45
100
33
63
84
100
85
15
33
77
71
15
55
50
99
35
62
83
100
83
17
32
79
74
16
57
53
100
35
62
86
100
78
22
32
83
79
17
61
58
99
35
62
88
100
77
23
30
82
79
15
63
59
99
34
60
96
0
-9
9
-8
8
18
1
16
22
0
-12
3
82
Electronics
Television .......................................
One ...............................................
Two ...............................................
Three or More ...............................
Video Cassette Recorder (VCR) ....
Digital Video Recorder (DVR) .........
Computer ........................................
One ...............................................
Two or More .................................
Printer .............................................
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
98
47
38
14
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
98
51
34
14
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
98
49
35
15
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
98
46
34
18
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
98
40
35
23
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
99
35
36
28
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
99
34
36
28
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5
99
32
37
29
88
NA
35
29
6
12
99
27
36
36
7 90
NA
56
42
15
49
99
21
35
43
80
NA
68
45
23
59
99
21
33
44
51
43
76
41
35
60
1
-26
-5
30
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Includes households that have but do not use space heating equipment.
Retail (delivered) electricity.
Includes kerosene.
4 Coal, solar, or other fuels.
5 Households with both a central system and a window or wall unit are counted only under "Central
System." Includes households that have but do not use air conditioning equipment.
6 Fewer than 0.5 percent of the households do not have a refrigerator.
7 The 2001 "Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS)" only had one question for VCRs and
2
3
DVD players.
NA=Not available.
Notes: Data are estimates. For years not shown, there are no data available. Totals may not
equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Sources: 1978 and 1979U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-84, "RECS."
1980 forwardEIA, Form EIA-457, "RECS."
55
Figure 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2009
By Fuel Type
60
57
Million Occupied Housing Units
1950
40
2009
38
20
14
11
Natural Gas
(s)
Electricity
Distillate Fuel Oil
LPG
(s)
Wood
1
4
Coal
Other and None
By Fuel Type, Share of Total

60
1950
2009
51
40
Percent
34
34
26
22
20
10
Natural Gas
Electricity
Distillate Fuel Oil
Sum of components do not equal total due to independent rounding.

3
Includes coal coke.
2
56
5
2
LPG
Wood
Kerosene, solar, and other.

(s)=Less than 0.5.
Source: Table 2.7.
(s)
Coal
1
Other4 and None
Table 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2009
Year
Coal 1
Distillate
Fuel Oil
Kerosene
Liquefied
Petroleum
Gases
Natural
Gas
Electricity
Wood
Solar
Other 2
None 3
4.17
2.24
.79
.60
.85
1.24
1.14
1.89
4.09
6.25
5.45
4.59
4.44
4.10
3.53
1.79
1.70
1.67
1.56
1.41
1.47
1.78
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.05
.05
.04
.03
.03
.02
.03
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.01
0.77
.22
.27
.15
.08
.15
.10
.10
.16
.37
.28
.40
.41
.50
.64
.36
.21
.19
.16
.21
.46
.24
1.57
.48
.40
.45
.47
.51
.57
.59
.68
.53
.66
.66
.86
.91
1.04
.62
.54
.39
.44
.40
.48
.38
42.83
53.02
63.45
69.34
72.52
75.28
78.57
83.18
84.64
88.43
90.89
93.68
93.15
94.73
97.69
99.49
102.80
105.44
105.84
108.87
110.69
111.81
9.7
4.2
1.3
.9
1.2
1.6
1.4
2.3
4.8
7.1
6.0
4.9
4.8
4.3
3.6
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
.1
.1
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
(s)
1.8
.4
.4
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
.4
.3
.4
.4
.5
.7
.4
.2
.2
.1
.2
.4
.2
3.7
.9
.6
.7
.6
.7
.7
.7
.8
.6
.7
.7
.9
1.0
1.1
.6
.5
.4
.4
.4
.4
.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Total
Million Occupied Housing Units

1950
1960
1970
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983 5
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001 6
2003
2005
2007
2009
14.48
6.46
1.82
.80
.57
.45
.36
.36
.43
.45
.41
.34
.32
.30
.21
.18
.17
.13
.13
.10
.09
.10
9.46
17.16
16.47
17.24
16.30
15.62
15.30
14.13
12.59
12.44
12.74
12.47
11.47
11.17
10.98
10.10
10.03
9.81
9.50
9.38
8.74
8.21
( )
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
.44
.41
.37
.45
1.06
1.08
1.07
.99
1.02
1.06
.75
.72
.65
.64
.55
.57
.60
0.98
2.69
3.81
4.42
4.15
4.18
4.13
4.17
3.87
3.58
3.66
3.66
3.88
3.92
4.25
5.40
5.91
6.04
6.13
6.23
6.10
5.82
11.12
22.85
35.01
38.46
40.93
41.54
43.32
46.08
46.70
45.33
45.96
47.40
47.02
47.67
49.20
51.05
52.37
54.13
54.93
56.32
56.68
56.81
0.28
.93
4.88
7.21
9.17
11.15
13.24
15.49
15.68
18.36
20.61
23.06
23.71
25.11
26.77
29.20
31.14
32.41
32.34
34.26
36.08
37.85
Percent
1950
1960
1970
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983 5
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001 6
2003
2005
2007
2009
1
33.8
12.2
2.9
1.2
.8
.6
.5
.4
.5
.5
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
22.1
32.4
26.0
24.9
22.5
20.7
19.5
17.0
14.9
14.1
14.0
13.3
12.3
11.8
11.2
10.2
9.8
9.3
9.0
8.6
7.9
7.3
( )
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
.6
.5
.4
.5
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
.8
.7
.6
.6
.5
.5
.5
2.3
5.1
6.0
6.4
5.7
5.6
5.3
5.0
4.6
4.1
4.0
3.9
4.2
4.1
4.4
5.4
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.5
5.2
26.0
43.1
55.2
55.5
56.4
55.2
55.1
55.4
55.2
51.3
50.6
50.6
50.5
50.3
50.4
51.3
50.9
51.3
51.9
51.7
51.2
50.8
Includes coal coke.

Includes briquettes (made of pitch and sawdust), coal dust, waste material (such as corncobs),
purchased steam, and other fuels not separately displayed.
3 In 1950 and 1960, also includes nonreporting units, which totaled 997 and 2,000 units, respectively.
4 Included in "Distillate Fuel Oil."
5 Beginning in 1983, the American Housing Survey for the United States has been a biennial survey.
6 Beginning in 2001, data are consistent with the 2000 Census. For 2001 data consistent with the 1990
Census, see American Housing Survey for the United States: 2001.
NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent.
2
0.6
1.8
7.7
10.4
12.6
14.8
16.9
18.6
18.5
20.8
22.7
24.6
25.5
26.5
27.4
29.4
30.3
30.7
30.6
31.5
32.6
33.9
Notes: Includes mobile homes and individual housing units in apartment buildings. Housing units with
more than one type of heating system are classified according to the principal type of heating system.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption for all data beginning in
1950. For related information, see http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/ahs.html.
Sources: 1950, 1960, and 1970Bureau of the Census, Census of Population and Housing.
1973-1981Bureau of the Census, American Housing Survey for the United States, annual surveys,
Table 2-5. 1983 forwardBureau of the Census, American Housing Survey for the United States,
biennial surveys, Table 2-5.
57
Figure 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy
All Motor Vehicles, 1949-2010
175
150
Fuel Economy1
Index 1949=100
125
Mileage2
100
Fuel Consumption3
75
50
25
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
Mileage, 1966-2010
1970
Light-Duty Vehicles,
Long Wheelbase5
Short Wheelbase6
0
1980
1990
2000
2010
1995
2000
2005
2010
Fuel Economy, 1966-2010

25
Short Wheelbase6
20
2
Short Wheelbase6
10
Heavy-Duty Trucks4
Long Wheelbase5
Long Wheelbase5
15
0
1970
0
1970
1980
Miles per gallon.

Miles per vehicle.
3
Gallons per vehicle.
4
Through 2006, data are for single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires, and combination trucks. Beginning in 2007, data are for single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires or
a gross vehicle weight rating exceeding 10,000 pounds, and combination trucks.
58
1990
Miles per Gallon
24
16
1985
Heavy-Duty Trucks4
Thousand Gallons per Vehicle
Thousand Miles per Vehicle
Heavy-Duty Trucks
1980
Fuel Consumption, 1966-2010
32
1975
1990
2000
2010
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
5
Through 2006, data are for vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, and a small number of
trucks with 2 axles and 4 tires, such as step vans. Beginning in 2007, data are for large
passenger cars, vans, pickup trucks, and sport utility vehicles with a wheelbase larger than 121
inches.
6
Through 2006, data are for passenger cars (and, through 1989, for motorcycles). Beginning
in 2007, data are for passenger cars, light trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles with a wheelbase equal to or less than 121 inches.
Source: Table 2.8.
Table 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy, Selected Years, 1949-2010
Light-Duty Vehicles, Short Wheelbase 1
Year
1949
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010P
Light-Duty Vehicles, Long Wheelbase 2
Heavy-Duty Trucks 3
All Motor Vehicles 4
Mileage
Fuel
Consumption
Fuel
Economy
Mileage
Fuel
Consumption
Fuel
Economy
Mileage
Fuel
Consumption
Fuel
Economy
Mileage
Fuel
Consumption
Fuel
Economy
Miles per
Vehicle
Gallons
per Vehicle
Miles
per Gallon
Miles per
Vehicle
Gallons
per Vehicle
Miles
per Gallon
Miles per
vehicle
Gallons
per vehicle
Miles
per Gallon
Miles per
Vehicle
Gallons
per Vehicle
Miles
per Gallon
9,388
9,060
9,447
9,518
9,603
9,989
9,309
9,418
9,517
9,500
9,062
8,813
8,873
9,050
9,118
9,248
9,419
9,464
9,720
9,972
10,157
10,504
10,571
10,857
10,804
10,992
11,203
11,330
11,581
11,754
11,848
11,976
11,831
12,202
12,325
12,460
12,510
12,485
1,R10,710
R10,290
10,391
10,649
627
603
645
668
661
737
665
681
676
665
620
551
538
535
534
530
538
543
539
531
533
520
501
517
527
531
530
534
539
544
553
547
534
555
556
553
567
554
1,R468
R435
442
453
15.0
15.0
14.6
14.3
14.5
13.5
14.0
13.8
14.1
14.3
14.6
16.0
16.5
16.9
17.1
17.4
17.5
17.4
18.0
18.8
19.0
20.2
21.1
21.0
20.5
20.7
21.1
21.2
21.5
21.6
21.4
21.9
22.1
22.0
22.2
22.5
22.1
22.5
1,R22.9
R23.7
23.5
23.5
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
8,676
9,829
10,127
10,607
10,968
10,802
10,437
10,244
10,276
10,497
11,151
10,506
10,764
11,114
11,465
11,676
11,902
12,245
12,381
12,430
12,156
12,018
11,811
12,115
12,173
11,957
11,672
11,204
11,364
11,287
11,184
10,920
10,920
2,R14,970
R15,256
15,252
15,463
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
866
934
934
947
948
905
854
819
762
767
797
735
738
744
745
724
738
721
717
714
701
694
685
703
707
701
669
636
650
697
690
617
612
2,R877
R880
882
898
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
10.0
10.5
10.8
11.2
11.6
11.9
12.2
12.5
13.5
13.7
14.0
14.3
14.6
14.9
15.4
16.1
16.1
17.0
17.3
17.4
17.3
17.3
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.0
17.4
17.6
17.5
16.2
16.2
17.7
17.8
2,R17.1
R17.3
17.3
17.2
1 Through 2006, data are for passenger cars (and, through 1989, for motorcycles). Beginning in 2007,
data are for passenger cars, light trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles with a wheelbase equal to or less
than 121 inches.
2 Through 2006, data are for vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, and a small number of trucks with
2 axles and 4 tires, such as step vans. Beginning in 2007, data are for large passenger cars, vans, pickup
trucks, and sport utility vehicles with a wheelbase larger than 121 inches.
3 Through 2006, data are for single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires, and combination trucks.
Beginning in 2007, data are for single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires or a gross vehicle weight
rating exceeding 10,000 pounds, and combination trucks.
9,712
10,316
10,576
10,693
10,851
13,565
15,167
15,438
16,700
18,045
18,502
18,736
19,016
19,931
21,083
22,550
20,597
22,143
23,349
22,485
22,926
23,603
24,229
25,373
26,262
25,838
26,514
26,092
27,032
25,397
26,014
25,617
26,602
27,071
28,093
27,023
26,235
25,231
3,R28,290
R28,573
26,274
26,609
1,080
1,229
1,293
1,333
1,387
2,467
2,722
2,764
3,002
3,263
3,380
3,447
3,565
3,647
3,769
3,967
3,570
3,821
3,937
3,736
3,776
3,953
4,047
4,210
4,309
4,202
4,315
4,221
4,218
4,135
4,352
4,391
4,477
4,642
4,215
4,057
4,385
4,304
3,R4,398
R4,387
4,037
4,174
9.0
8.4
8.2
8.0
7.8
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.4
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.9
5.8
6.7
6.7
6.0
5.9
3,R6.4
R6.5
6.5
6.4
9,498
9,321
9,661
9,732
9,826
9,976
9,627
9,774
9,978
10,077
9,722
9,458
9,477
9,644
9,760
10,017
10,020
10,143
10,453
10,721
10,932
11,107
11,294
11,558
11,595
11,683
11,793
11,813
12,107
12,211
12,206
12,164
11,887
12,171
12,208
12,200
12,082
12,017
R11,915
R11,631
11,631
11,853
726
725
761
784
787
830
790
806
814
816
776
712
697
686
686
691
685
692
694
688
688
677
669
683
693
698
700
700
711
721
732
720
695
719
718
714
706
698
693
667
661
678
13.1
12.8
12.7
12.4
12.5
12.0
12.2
12.1
12.3
12.4
12.5
13.3
13.6
14.1
14.2
14.5
14.6
14.7
15.1
15.6
15.9
16.4
16.9
16.9
16.7
16.7
16.8
16.9
17.0
16.9
16.7
16.9
17.1
16.9
17.0
17.1
17.1
17.2
17.2
17.4
17.6
17.5
Includes buses and motorcycles, which are not separately displayed.

Included in "Heavy-Duty Trucks."
R=Revised. P=Preliminary.
Web Pages: See http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/#consumption for all data beginning in
1949. For related information, see http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm.
Sources: Light-Duty Vehicles, Short Wheelbase, 1990-1994: U.S. Department of Transportation,
Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 1998, Table 4-13. All Other Data:
1949-1994Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table
VM-201A. 1995 forwardFHWA, Highway Statistics, annual reports, Table VM-1.
5
59
Figure 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source

By Survey Year, 1979-2003
4
Quadrillion Btu
Electricity1
Natural Gas
1
District Heat
Fuel Oil2
0
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
By Census Region, 2003

4
Electricity
Natural Gas
Fuel Oil
3.6
District Heat
Quadrillion Btu
2.1
2
1.5
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.5
0.2
0.2
Northeast
Electricity only; excludes electrical system energy losses.
Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.
60
Midwest
0.6
0.4
0.2
(s)
0.6
0.5
0.2
(s)
South
0.2
(s)
West
Q
United States
Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater than 50 percent or
fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.
Note: See Appendix C for map of Census regions.
Source: Table 2.9.
Table 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-2003
(Trillion Btu)
Square Footage Category
Energy Source
and Year
1,001 to
10,000
10,001 to
100,000
Over
100,000
Major Sources 2
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
1,255
1,242
1,273
1,259
1,258
1,332
1,381
1,248
2,202
1,935
2,008
2,402
2,301
2,152
2,300
2,553
1,508
1,646
1,696
2,127
1,932
1,838
2,053
2,721
Electricity 5
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
429
469
654
572
586
618
698
685
872
903
927
1,145
991
1,064
1,235
1,405
Natural Gas
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
646
684
485
568
572
535
604
482
Fuel Oil 6
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
District Heat 7
1979 ................
1983 ................
1986 ................
1989 ................
1992 ................
1995 4 .............
1999 ................
2003 ................
1
2
3
4
Census Region 1
Principal Building Activity

Food
Sales
Food
Service
Health
Care
Lodging
Mercantile
and Service
Office
All
Other
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
All
Buildings
511
480
633
704
637
614
649
820
(3)
(3)
147
139
137
137
201
251
336
414
247
255
307
332
447
427
469
463
456
449
403
561
515
594
278
362
299
425
463
461
450
510
894
812
985
1,048
892
973
1,145
1,333
861
1,018
1,008
1,230
1,247
1,019
1,089
1,134
1,616
1,274
1,202
1,538
1,404
1,225
1,237
1,455
1,217
858
1,037
1,354
1,090
1,035
1,116
1,396
1,826
1,821
1,585
1,659
1,578
1,497
1,509
1,799
1,395
1,462
1,459
1,648
1,825
1,684
1,961
2,265
526
682
896
1,126
998
1,106
1,147
1,063
4,965
4,823
4,977
5,788
5,490
5,321
5,733
6,523
608
758
809
1,056
1,033
926
1,164
1,469
163
152
179
217
235
221
257
371
(3)
(3)
99
105
113
119
165
208
171
212
121
113
138
166
216
217
129
147
132
154
138
211
232
248
119
151
120
138
189
187
196
235
361
426
536
550
444
508
659
883
424
509
641
781
704
676
767
719
543
532
563
715
649
521
606
679
425
324
430
586
419
436
543
587
593
673
584
609
622
558
662
799
662
801
867
975
1,002
1,027
1,247
1,542
227
331
510
604
566
587
645
631
1,908
2,129
2,390
2,773
2,609
2,608
3,098
3,559
996
809
715
836
1,017
830
803
909
532
597
523
670
586
580
616
709
214
246
254
323
291
245
227
268
(3)
(3)
45
27
24
18
31
39
145
188
114
128
157
158
216
203
221
218
205
186
189
258
217
243
115
170
105
187
193
213
181
215
422
327
332
417
381
395
446
403
272
365
258
238
388
239
219
269
784
576
409
566
552
420
486
460
443
278
244
353
354
297
299
462
1,007
978
742
831
747
750
709
751
470
523
426
498
697
528
618
527
255
311
311
391
376
371
396
360
2,174
2,091
1,723
2,073
2,174
1,946
2,023
2,100
177
85
114
101
86
71
29
71
272
140
206
170
111
104
73
74
231
90
121
86
75
60
60
83
107
61
103
71
62
57
48
47
(3)
(3)
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
15
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
97
28
Q
17
21
21
19
11
20
18
20
10
16
Q
Q
35
103
43
105
76
55
49
18
41
107
75
39
43
47
28
29
18
232
79
130
122
67
70
65
68
285
172
270
237
194
168
138
181
133
28
63
61
26
16
5
24
237
104
86
50
48
45
29
15
26
Q
23
Q
Q
7
8
9
681
314
442
357
272
235
179
228
Q
Q
Q
19
Q
Q
Q
Q
61
83
159
252
182
154
158
165
136
202
243
315
238
271
213
460
27
21
97
Q
49
91
117
134
(3)
(3)
Q
Q
NC
Q
Q
NC
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
22
70
80
92
55
70
46
Q
24
22
Q
Q
65
57
68
Q
Q
Q
12
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
58
68
71
167
109
75
74
128
57
87
99
134
135
214
126
247
64
84
94
179
123
135
136
166
93
141
196
159
183
173
132
225
Q
34
81
126
78
83
67
182
Q
30
51
121
51
Q
98
Q
201
289
422
585
435
533
433
636
Education
See Appendix C for map of Census regions.

Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat.
Included in "Food Service."
Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, and
parking garages.
5 Electricity only; excludes electricity system energy losses.
6 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.
7 Through 1983, includes purchased steam only.
Beginning in 1986, includes purchased and
non-purchased steam and hot water.
Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20
buildings were sampled. NC=No cases in the sample.

Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are for all buildings using each fuel. Statistics for
"Major Sources" are for the sum of "Electricity," "Natural Gas," "Fuel Oil," and "District Heat," across all
buildings using any of those fuels.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/.
Sources: 1979U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-143, "Nonresidential
Buildings Energy Consumption Survey." 1983EIA, Form EIA-788, "Nonresidential Buildings Energy
Consumption Survey." 1986EIA, Form EIA-871, "Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption
Survey." 1989 forwardEIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey."
61
Figure 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003
Buildings by Energy Source Used
Consumption
Consumption per Square Foot
125
Electricity
Electricity
Thousands of Buildings
100
District Heat
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
2
0
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1999
2003
Square Footage per Building by

Energy Source Used
25
Fuel Oil
Fuel Oil
0
1979
1979
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1999
2003
Expenditures
90
Natural Gas
50
District Heat
District Heat
Fuel Oil
75
Electricity
1
1
Thousand Btu
Quadrillion Btu
1979
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1999
Expenditures Per Square Foot
90
1.5
District Heat
Fuel Oil
30
60
Electricity
Dollars
60
Billion Dollars
Thousand Square Feet
1.2
Electricity
0.9
District Heat
0.6
30
Natural Gas
District Heat
Fuel Oil
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
0.3
Electricity
0
0
1979
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1999
2003
1979
Electricity only; excludes electrical system energy losses.

Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.
3
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See Nominal Dollars in Glossary.
2
62
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1999
2003
0
1979
Fuel Oil
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
Note: For years not shown, there are no data available.

Source: Table 2.10.
1999
2003
2003
Table 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-2003
Building Characteristics
Energy Consumption
Energy Expenditures
Number of
Buildings
Total
Square Feet
Square Feet
per Building
Total
Per
Building
Per
Square Foot
Per
Employee
Total
Per
Building
Per
Square Foot
Per
Million Btu
Energy Source
and Year
Thousands
Millions
Thousands
Trillion Btu
Million Btu
Thousand Btu
Million Btu
Million Dollars 1
Thousand Dollars 1
Dollars 1
Dollars 1
Major Sources 2
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
3,073
3,185
4,154
4,528
4,806
4,579
4,657
4,859
43,546
49,471
58,199
63,184
67,876
58,772
67,338
71,658
14.2
15.5
14.0
14.0
14.1
12.8
14.5
14.7
5,008
4,856
5,040
5,788
5,490
5,321
5,733
6,523
1,630
1,525
1,213
1,278
1,142
1,162
1,231
1,342
115.0
98.2
86.6
91.6
80.9
90.5
85.1
91.0
85.0
65.7
68.6
81.9
77.1
69.3
70.0
(5)
33,821
55,764
60,762
70,826
71,821
69,918
81,552
107,897
11.0
17.5
14.6
15.6
14.9
15.3
17.5
22.2
0.78
1.13
1.04
1.12
1.06
1.19
1.21
1.51
6.75
11.48
12.06
12.24
13.08
13.14
14.22
16.54
Electricity 4
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
3,001
3,052
3,965
4,294
4,611
4,343
4,395
4,617
43,153
48,327
56,508
61,563
66,525
57,076
65,716
70,181
14.4
15.8
14.3
14.3
14.4
13.1
15.0
15.2
1,908
2,129
2,390
2,773
2,609
2,608
3,098
3,559
636
697
603
646
566
600
706
771
44.2
44.1
42.3
45.0
39.2
45.7
47.1
50.7
32.4
28.9
32.7
39.3
36.6
34.1
37.9
(5)
23,751
39,279
47,186
55,943
57,619
56,621
66,424
82,783
7.9
12.9
11.9
13.0
12.5
13.0
15.1
17.9
.55
.81
.84
.91
.87
.99
1.01
1.18
12.45
18.45
19.74
20.17
22.09
21.71
21.44
23.26
Natural Gas
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
1,864
1,904
2,214
2,420
2,657
2,478
2,670
2,538
30,477
33,935
37,263
41,143
44,994
38,145
45,525
48,473
16.4
17.8
16.8
17.0
16.9
15.4
17.1
19.1
2,174
2,091
1,723
2,073
2,174
1,946
2,023
2,100
1,167
1,098
778
857
818
785
758
828
71.3
61.6
46.2
50.4
48.3
51.0
44.4
43.3
52.5
40.6
35.2
43.2
42.5
38.7
36.0
(5)
5,814
11,443
8,355
9,204
9,901
9,018
10,609
16,010
3.1
6.0
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.6
4.0
6.3
.19
.34
.22
.22
.22
.24
.23
.33
2.67
5.47
4.85
4.44
4.55
4.63
5.24
7.62
Fuel Oil 6
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
641
441
534
581
560
607
434
465
11,397
9,409
11,005
12,600
13,215
14,421
13,285
16,265
17.8
21.3
20.6
21.7
23.6
23.7
30.6
35.0
681
314
442
357
272
235
179
228
1,063
714
827
614
487
387
412
490
59.7
33.4
40.1
28.3
20.6
16.3
13.5
14.0
40.5
19.8
27.7
21.0
15.1
10.2
9.1
(5)
2,765
2,102
2,059
1,822
1,400
1,175
956
1,826
4.3
4.8
3.9
3.1
2.5
1.9
2.2
3.9
.24
.22
.19
.14
.11
.08
.07
.11
4.06
6.68
4.66
5.11
5.14
5.00
5.35
8.01
District Heat 7
1979 ......................
1983 ......................
1986 ......................
1989 ......................
1992 ......................
1995 3 ...................
1999 ......................
2003 ......................
47
64
77
98
95
110
117
67
3,722
4,643
4,625
6,578
5,245
5,658
5,891
5,576
79.0
72.9
59.7
67.0
55.4
51.5
50.2
83.0
201
289
422
585
435
533
433
636
4,267
4,530
5,446
5,964
4,596
4,849
3,692
9,470
54.0
62.1
91.2
89.0
82.9
94.1
73.6
114.0
26.5
34.4
52.4
56.5
60.9
51.2
50.1
(5)
1,267
2,627
2,620
3,857
2,901
3,103
3,564
7,279
26.9
41.2
33.8
39.3
30.7
28.3
30.4
108.4
.34
.57
.57
.59
.55
.55
.60
1.31
6.30
9.10
6.21
6.59
6.67
5.83
8.23
11.45
Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary.
Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat.
Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, and
parking garages.
4 Electricity only; excludes electricity system energy losses.
5 Total number of employees not collected in 2003.
6 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.
7 Through 1983, includes purchased steam only.
Beginning in 1986, includes purchased and
2
3
non-purchased steam and hot water.

Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are for all buildings using each fuel. Statistics for
major sources are for all buildings, even buildings using no major fuel.
Sources: 1979U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-143, "Nonresidential
Buildings Energy Consumption Survey." 1983EIA, Form EIA-788, "Nonresidential Buildings Energy
Consumption Survey." 1986EIA, Form EIA-871, "Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption
Survey." 1989 forwardEIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey."
63
Figure 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003

By End Use
1,500
1,340
Trillion Btu
1,000
481
500
436
418
381
167
156
88
69
Water
Heating
Office
Equipment
24
0
Lighting
Cooling
Ventilation
Refrigeration
Space
Heating
Computers
Cooking
Other
By Principal Building Activity

800
Trillion Btu (Cumulative)
733
719
All Other End Uses

Cooling
Lighting
600
400
371
248
244
235
267
217
200
208
167
149
Public
Assembly
Service
0
Mercantile
Office
Education
Health Care
Warehouse
and Storage
1
Examples of other include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers,
hoists, and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers, and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters, and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; sign
motors, time clocks, vending machines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards,
fire alarms, intercoms, television sets, radios, projectors, and door operators.
64
Lodging
Food Service
Food Sales
Other
2
Religious worship, public order and safety, vacant, and buildings that do not fit into any of
the other named categories.
Note: Data are estimates for electricity consumption, excluding electrical system energy
losses.
Source: Table 2.11.
Table 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2003

(Trillion Btu)
End Use
Space
Heating
Cooling
Ventilation
Water
Heating
Lighting
Cooking
Refrigeration
Office
Equipment
Computers
Other 1
Total
All Buildings ....................................
167
481
436
88
1,340
24
381
69
156
418
3,559
Principal Building Activity

Education ......................................
Food Sales ...................................
Food Service ................................
Health Care ..................................
Inpatient .....................................
Outpatient ..................................
Lodging .........................................
Mercantile .....................................
Retail (Other Than Mall) ............
Enclosed and Strip Malls ...........
Office ............................................
Public Assembly ...........................
Public Order and Safety ...............
Religious Worship .........................
Service ..........................................
Warehouse and Storage ...............
Other 2 ..........................................
Vacant ..........................................
15
6
10
6
3
3
14
58
6
52
33
5
2
3
6
5
2
1
74
12
28
34
25
9
24
109
25
84
101
35
8
11
15
13
16
2
83
7
24
42
38
4
14
68
16
51
63
63
10
5
24
20
11
1
11
Q
10
2
2
(s)
12
38
2
36
7
(s)
3
(s)
(s)
2
Q
Q
113
46
42
105
76
28
124
308
111
197
281
27
18
17
63
132
59
4
2
2
13
1
1
(s)
2
2
(s)
2
1
(s)
(s)
(s)
Q
Q
Q
Q
16
119
70
8
4
4
12
49
22
27
35
9
3
6
9
36
10
(s)
4
2
2
4
2
2
Q
8
3
5
32
Q
1
(s)
1
2
Q
Q
32
2
2
10
7
3
6
11
4
8
74
3
2
1
3
5
5
(s)
21
10
15
36
21
15
24
83
22
61
91
23
10
18
28
30
22
7
371
208
217
248
178
69
235
733
211
523
719
167
57
62
149
244
133
15
1 Examples of "other" include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers, hoists,
and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters,
and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; sign motors, time clocks, vending
machines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards, fire alarms, intercoms, television sets,
radios, projectors, and door operators.
2 Includes buildings that do not fit into any of the other named categories.
(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater
than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Notes: Data are estimates for electricity consumption, excluding electrical system energy losses.
One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, "Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
2003," Table E3A.
65
Energy Consumption by Sector

Note. Electrical System Energy Losses. Electrical system energy losses are
calculated as the difference between total primary consumption by the electric
power sectorsee Table 2.1fand the total energy content of electricity retail
salessee Tables 8.9 and A6. Most of these losses occur at steam-electric
power plants (conventional and nuclear) in the conversion of heat energy into
mechanical energy to turn electric generators. The loss is a thermodynamically
necessary feature of the steam-electric cycle. Part of the energy input-to-output
66
losses is a result of imputing fossil energy equivalent inputs for hydroelectric,

geothermal, solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind energy sources. In addition to
conversion losses, other losses included power plant use of electricity, transmission and distribution of electricity from power plants to end-use consumers
(also called line losses), and unaccounted for electricity. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector's share of total electricity
sales. Overall, about two thirds of total energy input is lost in conversion.
Currently, of electricity generated, approximately 5 percent is lost in plant use
and 7 percent is lost in transmission and distribution.

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Energy Consumption by Sector

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Figure 2.0 Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2011

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Figure 2.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector Overview

End-Use Sector Shares of Total Consumption, 2011

Primary and Total Consumption by Sector, 2011

Electric Power Sector, 1949-2011

Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass.

Sources: Tables 2.1a and 2.1f.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Figure 2.1b Energy Consumption Estimates by End-Use Sector, 1949-2011

Commercial, By Major Source

Industrial, By Major Source

Transportation, By Major Source

Electricity retail sales.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 2.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2011

1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Natural Gas 3 Petroleum 4,5

See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary.

(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Figure 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006

LPG and NGL

By North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Code6

Liquefied petroleum gases.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Table 2.2 Manufacturing Energy Consumption for All Purposes, 2006

Total Manufacturing ..........................................................

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Process Cooling and Refrigeration

Conventional Electricity Generation

LPG and NGL

Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (5,820 trillion Btu).

Residual Fuel Oil

Natural gas liquids.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Residual Fuel Oil

Distillate Fuel Oil

LPG 2 and NGL 3

Billion Cubic Feet

Million Short Tons

Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) .........................................

Direct End Use

End Use Not Reported ...................................................

Direct End Use

End Use Not Reported ...................................................

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

Figure 2.4 Household Energy Consumption

Household Energy Consumption by Source, 2009