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141]
Original Article
Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of patients with glaucoma: An
analysis of hospital data between 2003 and 2012
Yang Zhao, JiaLi Fu1, YuLi Li1, Ping Li1, FengLan Lou1
Purpose: To assess demographic and clinical characteristics of glaucoma patients in an Ophthalmologic
Hospital of Jinan, China from 2003 to 2012. Materials and Methods: Medical charts of patients with primary
openangle glaucoma(POAG), primary angle closure glaucoma(PACG), and secondary glaucoma(SG) were
reviewed. The main outcome measures of patients with glaucoma included basic demographic data(age
at presentation, gender, and residence), clinical characteristics(admission date, intraocular pressure,
and naked vision), and previous history(injury, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension,
smoking, and alcohol consumption). Results: Data from 1458 glaucoma patients were reviewed, of which
PACG and SG patients accounted for 45.40% and 47.19%, respectively. The average age of all patients with
glaucoma increased from 56.05years in 2003 to 57.83years in 2012, and the proportion of patients from
rural areas rose from 46.43% to 59.13% during 10year period. Female gender, cardiovascular disease, and
hypertension were associated with PACG. POAG was related to smoking and alcohol consumption. There
was positive correlation between SG and history of injury and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: PACG and SG
are the major types of glaucoma. Gender, injury, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension,
smoking, and alcohol consumption were associated with different types of glaucoma.
Cite this article as: Zhao Y, Fu JL, Li YL, Li P, Lou FL. Epidemiology and
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Results
A total of 1458patients(984 right eyes and 981 left eyes)
were enrolled. Their mean age was 56.7318.13years
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2003-2005
2010-2012
2/F
Variables
54.7619.72
58.0317.07
7.394
0.007**
Eye, n(%)
Male
181(51.42)
311(49.29)
0.411
0.521
Female
171(48.58)
320(50.71)
Variables
Age(years)
Gender, n(%)
Residence, n(%)
2010-2012
2/F
Right
122(34.66)
205(32.49)
2.801
0.246
Left
99(28.13)
210(33.28)
Both
131(37.22)
216(34.23)
Right(mmHg)
0.082
Left(mmHg)
0.730
IOP
Urban
169(48.01)
245(38.83)
Rural
183(51.99)
386(61.17)
62.3513.92
64.5813.51
Body weight(kg)
2003-2005
7.818
5.997
0.005**
0.015*
Naked vision
Right
Left
0.320.37
0.330.35
0.084
0.772
0.320.36
0.340.35
0.260
0.610
Injury, n(%)
47(13.35)
53(8.40)
5.983
0.014*
Cardiovascular
disease, n(%)
40(11.36)
94(14.90)
2.396
0.122
Diabetes mellitus,
n(%)
31(8.81)
100(15.85)
9.698
0.002**
Hypertension, n(%)
65(18.47)
152(24.09)
4.153
0.042*
2(0.57)
5(1.42)
39(6.18)
33(5.23)
Smoking, n(%)
Alcohol, n(%)
17.842 <0.001***
8.829 0.003**
Discussion
Our study demonstrated that patients with PACG and
SG are in the majority accounting for 45.40% and 47.19%,
respectively. This is consistent with findings of several previous
studies in Mainland China,[4,7-10] and it is reported that the
prevalence of PACG is highest in Asia.[11] Zhong etal. noted
a poor diagnosis rate of POAG at even less than onefifth
compared with that of PACG.[12] POAG may be due to smaller
corneal diameter, smaller anterior chamber depth(ACD), and
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Table3: Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics among patients from three glaucoma subgroups, 2003-2012
PACG
POAG
SG
Male
243(35.53)
81(74.31)
428(62.21)
122.488
<0.001***
Female
441(64.47)
28(25.69)
260(37.79)
Urban
365(53.36)
36(33.03)
216(31.40)
72.873
<0.001***
Rural
319(46.64)
73(66.97)
472(68.60)
Variables
Gender, n(%)
Residence, n(%)
Injury, n(%)
10(1.46)
5(4.59)
147(21.37)
139.935
<0.001***
129(18.86)
4(3.67)
69(10.03)
32.226
<0.001***
78(11.40)
4(3.67)
130(18.90)
26.462
<0.001***
Hypertension, n(%)
170(24.85)
10(9.17)
136(19.77)
13.972
0.001**
18(2.63)
14(2.05)
9(8.26)
8(7.34)
32(4.65)
33(4.80)
8.735
10.930
0.013*
0.004**
Smoking, n(%)
Alcohol, n(%)
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. PACG: Primary angle closure glaucoma, POAG: Primary openangle glaucoma, SG: Secondary glaucoma
Table4: Associations between glaucoma types and demographic and clinical variables(univariate analysis) among patients,
2003-2012
Variables
PACG
OR
POAG
95% CI
OR
SG
95% CI
OR
95% CI
Gender
Male
Female
1.0
3.226***
1.0
2.602-4.001
0.337***
1.0
0.216-0525
0.418***
0.339~0.5168
Residence
Urban
1.0
Rural
0.398***
0.322-10.493
1.470
1.0
0.972-2.225
2.266***
1.0
1.829-2.807
Injury
0.065***
0.034-0.124
0.368*
0.148-0.917
13.709***
7.968-23.587
Cardiovascular disease
2.305***
1.692-3.142
0.229**
0.083-0.629
0.554**
0.405-0.757
Diabetes mellitus
0.631**
0.466-0.855
0.215**
0.078-0.590
2.038***
1.508-2.754
Hypertension
1.431**
1.111-1.842
0.362**
0.186-0.702
0.863
0.670-1.112
Smoking
Alcohol
0.515*
0.397**
0.293-0.906
0.215-0.736
2.362*
2.213*
1.129-4.943
1.018-4.811
1.341
1.716
0.795-2.261
0.990-2.973
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. PACG: Primary angle closure glaucoma, POAG: Primary openangle glaucoma, SG: Secondary glaucoma, OR: Odds ratio,
CI:Confidence interval
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Conclusion
Our study showed that PACG and SG are the major types
of glaucoma. Besides, an upward trend can be found in the
average age of glaucoma patients as well as in the proportion
of those from rural area. In addition, gender, cardiovascular
disease, and hypertension seem to have a role in PACG, and
POAG was associated with smoking and alcohol consumption.
Moreover, there was positive correlation between SG and
history of injury and diabetes mellitus.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
References
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3. Quigley HA, Broman AT. The number of people with glaucoma
worldwide in 2010 and 2020. Br J Ophthalmol 2006;90:262-7.
4. Ren BC, He Y, Chen L, Yang JG, Sun NX. Epidemiology of glaucoma
in a rural population in Shaanxi Province. In J Ophthalmol
2005;5:1037-42.
5. Wang YX, Xu L, Yang H, Jonas JB. Prevalence of Glaucoma in North
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