----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PPT/ASSIGNMENT/CRITICAL REASONING/VENN

DIAGRAM & SYLLOGISMS

VENN DIAGRAM: Named after the British mathematician John Venn, Venn Diagram is a
picture showing sets (= groups of things that have a shared quality) as circles that cross over
each other, to show which qualities the different sets have in common/uncommon.
Draw all the possibilities/probabilities for:
1. All A is B
2. All B is A 3. Some A is B
3. Some B is A
4. No A is B
5.
Only A is B 6.Only B is A
SYLLOGISMS: Syllogism is a mode of thinking in which one reasons or concludes from two
given statements (also called propositions or contexts or premises) to a third statement (also
called a proposition or the conclusion). A premise is a statement that serves the basis of the
argument or the logic-sequence.
Find out the probable conclusion from the two given statements or propositions, apply Venn
diagram.
1. a. All trees are green.
b. Banyan is a tree.
2. a. Some professors are serious people.
b. All serious people wear spectacles.
3. a. No honey bees buzz.
b. All humming bird buzz.
4. a. Only boys play football
b. Lily plays football
5. a. Only boys play football
b. Lily is a boy
6. a. All dogs bark
b. Tommy barks

SYLLOGISMS can be classified into some types:

Six statements
Rows of sentences with three segments in each row
Conditional syllogisms

Six statements
In this type of questions six statements are given, these are followed by four options. Mark
the option where the third statement can be concluded from the first two premises or
statements. Use Venn-diagram to answer.
1.

a. All men lie.

c. Chou-Chou is not a woman.
e. Chou-Chou is a woman.

b. All women tell only the truth.

d. Chou-Chou lies.
f. Some women lie.

1] adc
2.

2] bdc

3] bfe

a. Perry is a nice girl.

c. All nice girls like sailors.
e. Perry likes sailors.
1] abd
2] dba

4] fde

b. Sherry is a nice girl too.

d. Perry likes Sherry.
f. Sherry likes Perry
3] ace
4] abf

3. a) All hope has silver lining.

b) All cumulus are clouds.
c) In times of despair, there is hope.
linings
1. bfd
2. bcd

3. cae

4. a) Lawyers wear black

b) Doctors wear white
c) All who wear white are savers
1. abe
2. acd

d) All who wear black are sober

e) All who wear black are staid
f) All lawyers are staid
3. dca
4. eaf

5. a) All fish swim

b) A hen is a bird
c) A hen swims
1. abc

d) All birds cluck

e) All birds fly
f) A hen flies.
3. dbf
4. def

2. ebf

d) All cumulus have silver linings

e) All despair has silver lining.
f) All clouds have silver
4. fdb

6. a) The stars and the sky make up the Universe.

belong to each other.
c) The Universe id confusing.
are universal
e) Life is a part of the Universe.
1. adb
2. ecf
3. abc
7. a) All men are dancers
b) All football players are dancers
c) All men are football players
1. cea
2. eba
8.

a) All apes have hair

b) All gorillas have hair
c) All apes are gorillas
1] dbe

b) Life, the stars, and sky

d) The stars and the sky
f) Life is confusing.
4. dab

d) All dancers are women.

e) All football players are men.
f) All football players are women.
3. bdf
4. bae
d) All primates have hair.
e) All apes are primates
f) All gorillas are grey
3] abc
4] dea

2] cab

9. a) Ankit is a ships crew.

b) Aseet is a ships crew.
c) All ships crew are submarine crew
1] bce
2] bca
10. a) All men in this college smoke.
college drink.
c) Some men in this college drink.
college smoke and drink.
e) All men in this college smoke and drink.
college smoke.
1] abc
2] ace

d) Ankit and Aseet are friend.

e) Aseet is a submarine crew
f) Ankit is a Submarine crew.
3] efd
4] bec
b) Some women in this
d) Some men in this
f) Some women in this
3] acd

4] dca

11. a) Orangutans are orange

d) All apes are orange.

b) Apes are orangutans

c) Gorillas are not orange
1] abc
2] abd
12. a) All green is white
b) All white is black
c) All green is black
1] cda

e) Some
apes are gorillas.
f) Orangutans are not apes
3] dec
4] adf
d) All black is white
e) All white is green
f) All black is green.
3] efb
4] def

2] adc

13. a) Some cricket players are golfers

b) All golfers are cricket players
c) Susheel is a cricket player
1] ace
2] bce
14. a. Trout lay eggs.
b. Mammals have hair.
c. Trout are fish.
1] ace
2] dfb

d) Sohali is a golfer.
e) Susheel is a golfer
f) Sohali is ab cricket player
3] dbc
4] ebc
d. Platypuses are mammals.
e. All fish lay eggs.
f. Platypuses have hair.
3] aef
4] cea

15. a. A little power corrupts a little

corrupt.
b. Power corrupts.
c. A dictator has absolute power.
absolutely.
1] baf
2] edf

d. A dictator is absolutely
e. Corruption is absolute power.
f. Absolute power corrupts
3] bfc

4] fcd

16. a. Some men are dancers.

b. Some men are not dancers.
c. Sheela may be a dancer.
1] abd
2] dfc

d. Some women are dancers.

e. Some women are not dancers.
f. Sheela is a woman.
3] def
4] ecf

17. a. Jumbo is a cricketer.

b. All cricketers play ball.
c. All cricketers bat.
1] abc
2] aef

d. Jumbo plays ball.

e. Cricketers are fond of chocolates.
f. Chocolates affect the teeth.
a] efd
4] bad

18. a. Keto likes to look adult.

b. Keto is a boy.
c. Boys play a lot.
1] aef
2] afe

d. Keto likes swimming.

e. Keto likes to wear long pants.
f. All adults wear long pants.
3] bcd
4] fea

Rows of sentences broken into segments

This is a variation of the above. Here there are three or four rows of sentences broken into
three segments.
Choose the option where the third statement can be logically concluded from the first two.
1. a. All men are generous. Peter Pan is generous. Peter Pan is a man.
b. No flowers are red. Roses are red. Roses are not flowers.
c. Some carpenters are artists. All dancers are artists. Some dancers are carpenters.

1] only (a)
2.

2] (a) and (b)

3] (a) and (c)

4] only (b)

a. All fried things are bad. Pancakes are fried. Some pancakes are bad.
b. Some men wear tuxedos. Tuxedos are expensive. Men have expensive tastes.
c. All butterflies are colourful. Colourful things are pleasant. Butterflies are pleasant.
1] (a) and (b)
2] only (b)
3] (a) and (c)
4] only (c)

3. a. HLL is a big company. HLL pays well. Big Companies pay well.
b. Some robots fly. All birds fly. Some birds are robots.
c. All ladies wear cosmetics. Lily is wearing cosmetics. Lily is a lady.
1] only (a)
2] (a) and (b)
3] only (c)
4] none of these
4. a. Some windows are transparent. All transparent are opaque. Some windows are
opaque.
b. All poodles are dogs. All dogs are furry. All poodles are furry.
c. Some tablets are round. Some tablets are oval. Tablets are either round or oval.
1] (a) and (b)
2] only (b)
3] (a) and (c)
4] all
5. a. Some mangoes are sour. All grapes are sour. Some mangoes are grapes.
b. Some papers are white. All card-boards are brown. Card-boards are not paper.
c. All men lie. Only liars are welcome. All men are wellvome.
1] (a) and (b)
2] none of these
3] (a) and (c)
4] only (c)
6. a. Some transistors are archaic. Only gramophones are archaic. Some transistors are
gramophones.
b. Some flintstones are peanuts. No peanuts are simpsons. All flintstones are
simpsons.
c. No radar are transmitters. All towers are transmitters. No towers are radar.
1] only (a)
2] (a) band (b)
3] only (c)
4] (a) and (c)
7. A. All bats are mammals. No mammals are birds. No bats are birds.
B. Some players are losers. All losers are humans. Some players are humans.
C. Some balls do not bounce. All ping pongs bounce. Ping pongs are not balls.
1. A and B
2. only A
3. only B
4. all of these
8. A. Monkeys are humans in disguise. Giraffes are not monkeys. Giraffes are not
human in disguise.
B. All servants lie. No liars are truthful. No servants are truthful.
C. Some Kulkarnis are Nadkarnis. All Nadkarnis are normal. All Kulkarnis are
normal.
1. only A
2. only B
3. B and C
4. only C.
9. A. All storms are natural disasters. Some hurricanes are natural disaster. Some
hurricanes are storms.
B. Some rubies are red. Some reds are pinks. Some rubies are pink.
C. All violets are shades of blue. All turquoise are shades of blue. Some violets
are turquoise.
1. only A
2. A and B
3. only C
4. none of these.
10. A. Some cars run on petrol. Some cars run on diesel. Those which run on diesel
do not run on petrol.
B. Only women are allowed to sing. Ravikant sang. Ravikant was a woman.
C. Some goats are lambs. All kids are lambs. Some goats are lambs
1. only A
2. A and B
3. only B
4. none of these.

11. A. Not all who go to Rome do as the Romans do. Ravi went to Rome. Ravi was a
Roman.
B. Some men think they are God. Sushil thinks he is God. Sushil is a man.
C. Some flowers dry. All leaves dry. Some flowers do not dry.
1. only A
2. A and C
3. A and B
4. none of these.

Conditional syllogisms
In this type of syllogisms there is a statement stating a condition followed by pairs of options.
Choose the option that satisfies the condition.
1. If the snow continues, we will get stuck.
A. The snow continued.
B. The snow did not continue.
C. We got stuck.
D. We did not get stuck
1] AD
2] DA

3] CA

2. Either you are a liar, or you are unfaithful.

A. You are a liar.
B. You are unfaithful.
C. You are not a liar.
D. You are not unfaithful.
1] AB
2] CD
3] BC
3. Whenever Raghu sneezes, his nose turns red.
A. Raghus nose did not turn red.
B. Raghu sneezed.
C. Raghus nose turned red.
D. Raghu did not sneeze.
1] CB
2] AD
3] BD

4] AC

4] BD

4] DA

4. She scratches her head when she thinks.

a. She was thinking
b. She was not thinking
c. She was scratching her head.
d. She was not scratching
her head.
1. ad
2. ca
3. ac
4. none of these
5. Either Ramesh is not driving or he is drinking.
a. Ramesh is not driving
c. Ramesh is not driking
1. ac
2. dc
3. ba

b. Ramesh is drinking.
d. Ramesh is driving.
4. ab

6. If he climbs too high his head reels.

a. He climbed too high
c. He did not climb too high.
1. ba
2. dc

b. His head reeled.

d. His head did not reel.
4. ad

3. cd

7. Whenever she hears birds sing she sings herself.

a. She heard birds sing.
c. She did not sing herself.
sing.

b. She sang herself.

b. She did not hear birds

1. ab

2. cd

3. ba

4. all but [3]

8. You will reach Varshas house only if you take a bus.

a. You have reached Varshas house.
b You have taken a bus
c. You havent reached Varshas house
d. you havent taken a bus.
1. ba
2. cb
3. bc
4. none of these
9. If I take breakfast, then I do not need to take lunch.
a) I took breakfast
b) I did not need to take lunch.
c) I needed to take lunch
d) I did not take breakfast.
1. ab
2. dc
3. cd
4. ab and cd
10. Whenever she says no she means yes.
a) She said no.
b) She did not say no.
c) She meant yes
d) She did not mean yes.
1. ac
2. db
3. ca
4. all but (3)
11. Unless you pull up your socks you will be fired.
a) You pulled up your socks
b) You wer fired
c) You were not fired
d) You did not pull up your socks.
1. ab
2. bc
3. ca
4. none of these.
12. When she goes to office she carries a bag.
a) She is carrying a bag
b) She is going to office.
c) She is not going to office
d) She is not carrying a bag.
1. ba
2. ad
3. db
4. none of these.
13. You will strike the bulls eye only if you throw the dart from a distance.
a) You threw the dart from a distance.
b) You did not strike the bulls eye.
c) You did not throw the dart from a distance.
d) You struck the bulls eye
1. ad
2. da
3. bc
4. all of those

Directions: In these questions, two statements are given, followed by two

inferences A and B. Assume the statements to be true, mark your answer as
1. If only inferences A follows,
2. If only inferences B follows.
3. If both A and B follow.
4. If neither A nor B follows
5. If either A or B follows
1. All mothers are aunts. All aunts are ladies. So,
A: All mothers are ladies.
B: All aunts are mothers.
2. Some doctors are fools. Some fools are rich. So,
A: Some doctors are rich.
B: Some rich are doctors.

3. All goats are cows. Some goats are lambs. So,

A: All lambs are cows.
B: Some lambs are cows.
4. All goats are cows. Some goats are lambs. So,
A: Some cows are lambs
B: Some lambs are cows
5. All pedestrians are poor. All poor are honest. So,
A: All honest are pedestrians.
B: All pedestrians are honest.
6. All rings are wings. All wings are kings. So,
A: All rings are kings.
B: All kings are rings.
7. Some books are hooks. All books are fish. So,
A: Some hooks are fish.
B: Some fish are hooks.
8. All pens are guns. All guns are inkpots. So,
A: All pens are inkpots.
B: All inkpots are pens.
9. All Ps are Qs. All Qs are Rs. So,
A: All Ps are Rs.
B: All Rs are Ps.
10. Some swords are sharp. All swords are rusty. So,
A: Some rusty things are sharp.
B: Some rusty things are not sharp.
11. All liquor is water. All water is bitter. So,
A: No liquor is bitter.
B: No bitter thing is liquor.
Direction: For each of the five questions given below, two statements are
given followed by two conclusions numbered (1) and (2). Assume the two
statements to be true, even if they do not seem likely and then decide which
of the conclusions follow from the two statements. Choose your answer as
follows: Choose A if only (1) follows. Choose B if only (2) follows. Choose C if
either (1) or (2) follows and Choose D if neither (1) nor (2) follows.
12. Statements: All sauces are pickles. Some sauces are ketchups.
Conclusions: (1) All sauces ketchups.
(2) Some pickles are ketchups.
13. Statements: All biscuits are chocolates. No chocolate is an ice-cream.
Conclusions: (1) No biscuit is an ice-cream.
(2) All chocolates are biscuits.
14. Statements: All worms are mosquitoes. All mosquitoes are birds.
Conclusions: (1) All mosquitoes are worms.

(2) All worms are birds.

15. Statements: Some actors are doctors. All architects are doctors.
Conclusions: (1) All architects are actors.
(2) Some architects are actors.
16. Statements: All microprocessors are computers. All computers are
modems.
Conclusions: (1) All microprocessors are modems.
(2) All modems are microprocessors.
Direction: In these questions, there are two statements followed by two
conclusions A and B. You have to take the statements to be true even if they
seem to be at variance from commonly known facts and then decide which of
the conclusions logically follows. Choose (1) if only A follows, (2) if only B
follows, (3) if both A and B follow, (4) if neither A nor B follows and (5) if either
A or B follows:
17. All chairs are houses. Some shoes are houses. So,
A: No chairs are shoes.
B: Some shoes are chairs.
18. All men are dogs. All dogs are cats. So,
A: All men are cats.
B: Some cats are not men.
19. All men are married. Some men are educated. So,
A: Some married are educated.
B: Some educated are married.
20. All boys are girls. No girl is a father. So,
A: All girls are boys.
B: No boy is a father.
21. All boys are rivers. Some rivers are girls. So,
A: Some girls are boys.
B: Some boys are girls.
Directions: In the following questions, select the set of conclusions,
which logically follows from the given statements.
22. Statements:
I: All phones are scales.
II: All scales are calculators
Conclusion:
I: All calculators are scales.
II: All scales are phones.
III: All phones are calculators.
IV: Some calculators are phones.
(a) None follows
Only III& IV follow

(b) Only I & II follow

23. Statements:

(c) All follow

(d)

I: Some tables are TVs.

II: Some TVs are radios.
Conclusion:
I: Some tables are radio.
II: Some radios are tables.
III: All radios are TVs.
IV: All TVs are tables.
(a) None follows
All follow

(b) Only II & IV follow

(c) Only I & III

(d)

Directions: Even if the first two statements vary from well known facts, assume them to
be true, then mark:
(A) If only conclusion I follows.
(B) If only conclusion II follows
(C) If both I&II follow
(D) If neither I or II follows
24. Statements: Some stones are cups. Some cups are black.
Conclusions: I: Some blacks are cups.
II: Some cups are stones.
25. Statements: Some clips are small. All small are big.
Conclusions: I: All big are small.
II: All small are clips.
26. Statements: Some books are toys. No toy is red.
Conclusions: I: Some books are red.
II: Some books are not red.
27. Statements: All books are pencils. All pencils are pins.
Conclusions: I: Some pins are books.
II: No pin is a book.
28. Statements: All papers are files. All files are pens.
Conclusions: I: No paper is a pen.
II: Some pens are papers.
29. Statements: All pilots are brave. Some astronauts are pilots
Conclusions: I: All astronauts are brave men.
II: Some pilots are astronauts.
30. Statements: All students in my class are intelligent. Rohit is not intelligent.
Conclusion: I: Rohit is not a student of my class.
II: Rohit must work hard.
31. Statements: All clerks are lazy. Some clerks are women.
Conclusion: I: All lazy are women.
II: Some lazy are women.
32. Statements: All businessmen are hardworking. No hard working men are
superstitious.
Conclusions: I: No businessman is superstitious.

II: All superstitious are businessmen.

33. Statements: All teachers are good. Some women are teachers.
Conclusions: I: All good teachers are women.
II: Some women are good teachers.

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