Ultradur PDF

Ultradur
Poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)
Applications
Product range
Properties
Processing
Ultradur is BASFs tradename for its line of partially

crystalline saturated polyesters. This line is based on
poly(butylene terephthalate)
and is employed in applications demanding a high
performance level such as
load bearing parts in different industrial sectors.
Ultradur is outstanding for
its high rigidity and strength,
very good dimensional
stability, low water absorption and high resistance to
many chemicals. Moreover,
Ultradur exhibits exceptional resistance to weathering and excellent heat
aging behavior.
Ultradur, a heavy-duty material ...

4
... in automotive engineering
... in electrical engineering, electronics and telecommunications
... in precision engineering and in general mechanical engineering
10
... in the home
The properties of Ultradur

12
... backed by quality management certification
13
Product range and properties
13
Mechanical properties
19
Tribological properties
19
Thermal properties
21
Dielectric properties
23
Fire behavior
23
Resistance to chemicals
Outdoor performance
Processing of Ultradur
24
General processing information
26
Injection molding
33
Extrusion
37
Fabrication and finishing processes
General information
38
Safety
39
Form as supplied and storage
39
Ultradur and the environment
40
Nomenclature
40
Colors
41
References
Ultradur, a heavy-duty material ...

... in automotive engineering
Ultradur demonstrates its strengths

wherever high-quality and above all
heavy-duty parts are required - as is
the case for example in the automotive industry. Ultradur is
rigid, impact-resistant, dimensionally stable, heatproof, weatherresistant and resistant to fuels and
lubricants. These properties have
made Ultradur an indispensable material in many applications in modern
automotive engineering.
ABS-housing cover
Ultradur is employed in housings and

functional parts in electric drives, housings
and mountings for various electrical and
electronic components, in windscreen
wiper arms, door handles, headlamp
structures, mirror systems, connectors,
sun-roof components, in housings for
locking systems and in many other applications.
Headlamp bezel
Variable cam control
Headlamp bezel
Electronic control for continuously

variable transmission
Frame for sliding roof
... in electrical engineering, electronics and telecommunications
Parts which are becoming ever

smaller and more complex and offer
steadily increasing functionality are
typical of the high demands imposed
on the materials used in electrical
engineering and electronics. This is
no problem for Ultradur. It is rigid,
flame-resistant, heat resistant and it
exhibits good dimensional stability
and outstanding long-term electrical
and thermal performance.
Ultradur is used in plug-in connectors,

connector strips, switching systems,
housings for automatic cutouts, capacitor
pots, in coil formers, lamp parts, PC fans,
power supply components, parts for electric drives, sheathing for waveguides and
many other products and not least in
vehicle electrical systems (ignition coil
housing).
Printed circuit board
Housing for out of Position (OOP)
Coil formers
Plug connector
Plug connector
Housing for control electronics (door electronics)
... in precision engineering and in general mechanical engineering
Long service life, perfect operation

and dimensional accuracy are properties which turn a modern component into a first-class product.
Ultradur contributes to this. It affords
good surface quality and dimensional
stability, high rigidity and compressive
strength and it has particularly low
warpage.
Ultradur is employed in functional parts

for printers, copying equipment, cameras
and optical devices, gas meter housings
and housings for valves, pumps and a
wide variety of other applications.
Control unit and
shaft of a pump
Positive displacement
gas meter housing
Binocular housing
Pump pressure housing
... in the home

Steam iron
Resins for molding household appliances and equipment must be resistant to chemicals and other media,
and be capable of producing a good
surface finish. In addition, some types
of kitchen equipment have to withstand high temperatures. This is no
problem for Ultradur.
Ultradur range contains the grades to

meet these requirements, including foodcontact use. Ultradurs resistance to high
sustained-service temperatures makes it
the material of choice when things get
hot ...
Typical Ultradur applications are exterior
parts for deep fryers, waffle irons, toasters, bread baking machines, coffee
machines, steam irons, cooker knobs and
handles. In the personal care sector,
applications include toothbrush bristles,
toothpaste tub lid and many more.
Toothbrush bristles
10
Deep-fryer lid
Cooker knobs
Fume duct for

cooker hood
11
Ultradur and its characteristic properties
The Ultradur grades are poly (alkylene

terephthalate) moulding compounds
based on poly (butylene terephthalate)
(PBT).
The chemical structure is illustrated in
the following structural formula:
COCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O
n
Ultradur is produced by polycondensation of terephthalic acid or

dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) with
1,4-butanediol using special catalysts.
Terephthalic acid, dimethyl terephthalate and 1,4-butanediol are obtained
from petrochemical feedstocks, such
as xylene and acetylene.
12
... backed by quality management

certification
Quality management is a central component of BASFs corporate strategy. A
major goal is customer satisfaction.
The Business Unit Engineering Plastics
Europe of BASF Aktiengesellschaft has a
quality assurance system in accordance
with ISO 9001, QS 9000, VDA 6.1 certified by the German Association for the
Certification of Quality Management Systems (DQS). The certification includes all

services which the business unit provides
in connection with the development, production and marketing of Ultraplasts:
product and process development, production and customer service. Constant
internal audits and training programs for
staff ensure the continuing operational
capability and steady development of the
quality assurance system.
Product range and applications
The most important applications of Ultradur are automotive engineering, electrical

engineering, electronics and telecommunications as well as precision engineering
and general mechanical engineering.
The Ultradur product range includes

grades with the most varied mechanical
properties such as rigidity, strength and
impact-resistance.
The most varied products from the

Ultradur range are used for implementing
these applications. When selecting the
most suitable types for your specific purpose our technical marketing will be glad
to help.
Unreinforced Ultradur is distinguished by

a balanced combination of rigidity and
strength with good impact-resistance,
thermostability and sliding friction properties and excellent dimensional stability.
The strength and rigidity of glass-fibre

reinforced Ultradur grades are substantially higher than those of the unreinforced
Ultradur grades. Fig.1 shows the dependence of the modulus of elasticity on the
glass fibre content.
The shear modulus and damping values
(Figs. 2 and 3) measured in torsion pendulum tests in accordance with ISO
6721-2 as a function of temperature provide useful insight into the temperaturedependence of the properties of the unreinforced and reinforced Ultradur grades.
Table 1 The Ultradur product range at a glance

Unreinforced
Injection grades
extrusion grades
B2550
easy-flow properties
B2550
low-viscosity grade
B4500
FDA compliant
B4500
medium-viscosity extrusion grade
B4520
standard grade, easy demolding
B6550
high-viscosity extrusion grade
B6550 L
high-viscosity extrusion grade with

optimal feed properties
Glass-fibre reinforced
Standard grade (PBT-GF)
B4300
G2-G10
(10-50 % GF)
Balance between stiffness and toughness, easy to process
Low-warpage grades (PBT+ASA-GF)

S4090
G2-G6
(10-30 % GF)
PBT+ASA blend with very low warpage, very good flow properties and low density
Grades for good surface finishes (PBT+PET-GF)

B4040
G4-G10
(20-50 % GF)
PBT+PET blend for applications in which good surface appearance is essential
Flame-retardant grades (PBT-GF-FR)

B4406
G4 / G6 Q113
(20 / 30 % GF)
Standard halogenated flame-retardant grade (UL 94 V-0 at 0.75 mm);

low warpage
B4400
25 % GF
Flame-retardant grade (UL94 V-0 at 1.5 mm) with very high CTR;
contains no halogen compounds, antimony or elementary phosphorus
Specialties
Impacted modified products
KR4071
Unreinforced injection-molding grade with high impact strength,

even at low temperatures
B4030
G6 (30 % GF)
Glass-fibre reinforced injection-molding grade with high impact strength

enhanced resistance to hydrolysis
Mineral reinforced grades

KR4001
25 % Mineral
Mineral reinforced grades with low warpage; produces good surface finish
KR4011
(20 % GF, 10% Mineral)
Mineral- and glass-fibre reinforced grade with low warpage; produces good
surface finish
B4600
M2 (10 % Mineral)
Mineral reinforced grade with low warpage and high impact strength, even at low
temperatures
13
Elongation (%)
B 4520
7
>50
5
S4090G2
B4300G2
B4040G2
S4090G4
B4300G4
B4040G4
S4090G6
B4300G6
B4040G6
B4040G10
B4300G10
0
2,500
4,500
7,100
10,000
18,500
Control instrument
Modulus of elasticity (MPa)
Shear modulus
10
5
1.0
1
5
0
100 50
1.0
1000
500
B 4300 G4
S 4090 G4
B 4300 G4
S 4090 G4
0.5
50
100
150 200
Temperature (C)
Fig. 2: Shear modulus and logarithmic decrement of

unreinforced Ultradur as a function of temperature
(in accordance with ISO 6721-2)
14
10
Shear modulus G
5000
log. decrement
log. decrement
1
0.5
100
50
Logarithmic decrement ()
B 4520
100
50
Shear modulus (MPa)
10 00
500
Logarithmic decrement ()
Shear modulus (MPa)
Fig. 1: Modulus of elasticity and elongation
0
100 50
50
100
150 200
0.5
0
Temperature (C)
Fig. 3: Shear modulus and logarithmic decrement of

glass-fiber reinforced Ultradur as a function of
temperature (in accordance with ISO 6721-2)
Yield stress (MPa)
The pronounced maximum in the logarithmic decrement at +60 C identifies the

softening range of the amorphous fractions while the crystalline fractions soften
only above +220 C and thus ensure
dimensional stability and strength over a
wide range of temperature.
B 4520
100
80
60
The good strength characteristics of the

unreinforced and glass-fibre reinforced
Ultradur grades permit high mechanical
loads even at elevated temperatures
(Figs. 4 and 5).
40
20
0
0 40 20
23
Fig. 4: Yield stress of unreinforced Ultradur as a function of temperature (in accordance with ISO 527,
take-off speed: 50 mm/min)
200
180
160
140
S 4090 G6
S 4090 G4
S 4090 G2
120
100
Tensile strength (MPa)
100
50
Temperature (C)
Tensile strength (MPa)
The behavior under short, uniaxial tensile

loads is demonstrated by stress-strain
diagrams. Fig. 6 shows the stress-strain
diagram for unreinforced Ultradur B 4520
and Fig. 7 shows that for glass-fibre reinforced grades as a function of temperature. In the latter diagram the effect of the
increasing glass fibre content is apparent.
120
80
200
60
180
40
160
20
140
120
B 4300 G6
B 4300 G4
B 4300 G2
100
40 20 0
23
50
100
150
Temperature (C)
80
Fig. 5b: Tensile strength of glass-fiber reinforced Ultradur S as a function of temperature (in accordance
with ISO 527, take-off speed 5 mm/min)
60
40
20
0
40 20 0
23
50
100
150
Temperature (C)
Fig. 5a: Tensile strength of glass-fiber reinforced
Ultradur B as a function of temperature (in accordance with ISO 527, take-off speed 5 mm/min)
15
Toughness, impact strength and

low-temperature impact resistance
Impact strength may simply be specified,
for example from the stress-strain diagram, as the deformation energy at
failure (see Figs. 6 and 7).
Tensile stress (MPa)
A further criterion for toughness is the

impact resistance of unnotched test rods
in accordance with ISO 179/1eU.
According to Table 2 the impact resistance of unreinforced Ultradur B4520 is
higher than that of glass-fibre reinforced
Ultradur grades.
If the highest possible notched or lowtemperature impact strengths are required

impact-modified grades must be
employed. In this case the best lowtemperature toughness is achieved by
Ultradur KR 4071.
Comparative values closer to practical

conditions for the impact properties of the
materials under impact loads can be
measured by impact tests or falling
weight tests in accordance with DIN 53
443. Based on this standard the 50 %
impact-failure energy (E50), i.e. the falling
energy at which 50 % of the parts are
damaged, was determined for test boxes
having a wall thickness of 1.5 mm (see
Table 2). The failure energy is dependent
on the dimensions, the thickness of the
walls, the reinforcement of the moldings
and on the processing conditions.
100
B 4520
80
40C
60
20C
0C
23C
30C
40
Gearshift actuating drive
40C
50C
60C
80C
100C
20
120C 140C 160C
Table 2
8
10
Elongation (%)
Dependence of impact strength (ISO 179/1eU) and impact failure energy (E50) (DIN 53 443)
on the glass fiber content
Property
Glass content
Unit
B 4520
B 4300 G2
B 4300 G4
B 4300 G6
Wt.-%
10
20
30
50
> 140
12
1,6
0,8
290
40
58
67
55
Impact-failure energy (E50) J

Impact strength
+23C
16
Fig. 6: Stress-strain diagrams

for unreinforced
Ultradur at different temperatures (in accordance with ISO
527, take-off speed
kJ/m2
B 4300 G10
Stress (MPa)
B 4300 G4
B 4300 G2
200
B 4300 G6
40C
180
160
40C
20C
20C
0C
140
40C
20C
0C
120
0C
23C
23C
40C
100
40C
23C
60C
80
60C
80C
100C
120C
140C
40C
60
60C
80C
100C
120C
140C
40
20
0
10
80C
100C
120C
140C
10
8
10
Elongation (%)
Fig. 7: Stress-strain diagrams for glass-fiber reinforced Ultradur at different temperatures

(in accordance with ISO 527, take-off speed 5 mm/min)
Behavior under long-term

static loading
The loading of a material under a static
load for relatively long periods is marked
by a constant stress or strain. The tensile
creep test in accordance with DIN 53 444
and the stress relaxation test in accordance with DIN 53 441 provide information about extension, mechanical strength
and stress relaxation behavior under sustained loading.
The results are illustrated as creep modulus plots, creep curves and isochronous
stress-strain curves (Figs. 8 and 9). The
graphs reproduced here are just a selection from our extensive plastics databases
which we will be happy to place at your
disposal on request.
1h
10 h
100 h
1000 h
10000 h
NK 23/50
3
60C
2
100C
1
0
1h
10 h
100 h
1000 h
1h
10 h
100 h
1000 h
1
Elongation (%)
Fig. 8: Isochronous stress-strain curves for Ultradur B 4520 under normal conditions in accordance
with DIN 50 014-23/50-2 and at 60 and 100 C (DIN 53 444)
17
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1 h 10 h
100 h
1000 h
NK 23/50
10000 h
100C
1h
10 h
100 h
1000 h
2
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
60C
1 h 10 h 100 h 1000 h
140C
1 h 10 h 100 h 1000 h
Elongation (%)
Fig. 9: Isochronous stress-strain curves for Ultradur B 4300 G6 under normal conditions in accordance with
DIN 50 014-23/50-2 and at 60, 100 and 140 C in accordance with DIN 53 442 (60 C: 6 % r.h.; 100 and 140 C: < 1% r.h.)
Test shape UB
Test shape WB
Dimensions in mm
40
80
16
18
15
10
100
It can be gathered from the illustration

that in the case of Ultradur the stress
remains practically constant above about
107 load cycles.
When applying the test results in practice

it has to be taken into account that at
high load alternation frequencies the
workpieces may heat up considerably
due to internal friction. In such cases, just
as at higher operating temperatures,
lower flexural fatigue strength values have
to be expected.
10
120
The flexural fatigue strength is defined as

the stress level a sample can withstand
for at least 10 million cycles.
30
Stress amplitude (MPa)
Behavior under cyclic loads, flexural

fatigue strength
Engineering parts are frequently subjected
to stress by dynamic forces, especially
alternating or cyclic loads, which act periodically in the same manner on the structural part. The behavior of a material
under such loads is determined in longterm flexural fatigue tests or in rotating
bending fatigue tests (DIN 53 442) up to
very high load-cycle rates. The results are
presented in Whler diagrams obtained
by plotting the applied stress against the
load-cycle rate achieved in each case
(see Fig. 10).
72
30
30
90
Door handle
60
WB
40
UB Load-cycle frequency: 1500 rpm

WB Load-cycle frequency: 900 Hz
20
10 4
10 5
10 6
10 7
10 8
Load-cycle rate
18
Fig. 10:
Flexural fatigue strength of Ultradur B 4300 G6 under
normal conditions as defined by DIN 50 014-23/50-2 in
accordance with DIN 53 442, injection-molded test
specimen
Sliding properties are very highly dependent on the system as a result of which
reliable prediction of the behavior of the
paired material is difficult. Figs. 11 and 12
show examples of friction values and
wear rates for unreinforced and glassfiber reinforced Ultradur on a special tribological system having two different
depths of roughness.
The coefficient of sliding friction and the
wear rate due to sliding friction depend
on the contact pressure, the temperature
of the sliding surfaces and the sliding distance covered. The surface roughness
and the hardness of the paired material is
decisive. The sliding speed has no appreciable effect if heating and modification of
the sliding surfaces are avoided.
Thermal properties
As a partially crystalline plastic, Ultradur
has a narrow melting range between 220
and 225 C. The high crystalline component makes it possible for stress-free
Ultradur moldings to be heated for short
periods to just below the melting temperature without undergoing deformation or
degradation.
Ultradur is distinguished by a low coefficient of linear expansion. The reinforced
grades in particular exhibit high dimensional stability when temperature changes
occur. In the case of the glass-fiber reinforced grades, however, the linear expansion is determined by the orientation of
the fibers.
Coefficient of sliding friction ()
Ultradur is suitable as a material for sliding

elements due to its excellent sliding properties and very high resistance to wear.
Fig. 11: Coefficient of sliding

friction and wear rates of unlubricated Ultradur at 0.15 m
depth of roughness; tribological system: pin-on-disk; base
material: disk of 100 Cr 6/800
HV steel; opposing material:
plastic; ambient temperature:
23 C; contact pressure:
1 MPa; sliding speed: 0.5 m/s
0.7
S 4090 G6
0.6
0.5
0.4
S 4090 G4
B 4300 G6
0.3
B 4520
0.2
0.1
10 11 12
Wear rate due to sliding friction WI/s (m/km)
Coefficient of sliding friction ()
Tribological properties
Fig. 12: Coefficient of sliding

friction and wear rates of unlubricated Ultradur at 3 m
depth of roughness;
tribological system: pin-ondisk; base material: disk of 100
Cr 6/800 HV steel; opposing
material: plastic; ambient temperature: 23 C; contact pressure: 1 MPa; sliding speed:
0.5 m/s
0.7
B 4300 G6
0.6
0.5
S 4090 G6
0.4
0.3
S 4090 G4
B 4520
0.2
0.1
10 11 12
Wear rate due to sliding friction WI/s (m/km)
Headlamp bezels
The presence of glass fibres reinforcement the dimensional stability on exposure to heat (ISO 75) increases significantly by comparison with unreinforced
grades (see p. 17).
19
Behavior on brief exposure to heat

Apart from the product-specific thermal
properties the behavior of Ultradur components on exposure to heat also
depends on the duration and mode of
application of heat and on the loading.
The shape of the parts is also important.
Accordingly, the dimensional stability of
Ultradur parts cannot be estimated simply
on the basis of the temperature values
from the various standardized tests.
The shear modulus and damping values
measured as a function of temperature in
torsion pendulum tests in accordance
with ISO 6721-2 afford valuable insight
into the temperature behavior. A comparison of shear modulus curves (see Figs. 2,
3 and 7) gives provides information about
the different thermomechanical effects at
low deformation stresses and speeds.
Based on practical experience the therm
in the torsion tests in which the start of
softening becomes apparent.
Heat aging resistance

Thermal aging is the continuous, irreversible change (degradation) of properties
under the action of elevated temperatures.
The determination of the aging characteristics of finished parts under operational
conditions is often difficult to carry out
because of the long service life required.
The test methods developed for thermal
aging using standardized test specimens
make use of the increasing reaction rate of
chemical processes at higher tempera-
tures. This dependence of service life on

temperature described mathematically by
the Arrhenius equation is the basis of the
international standards IEC 216, ISO 2578
and the US standard UL 746B.
The temperature index (TI) is defined as
the temperature in C at which the permitted limiting value (usually decline of the
property to 50 % of the initial value) is
reached after a defined time usually
20,000 hours).
Deep-fryer lid
Moving platen
20
In Fig. 13 the tensile strength of Ultradur

B 4300 G6 is plotted as a function of
storage time and storage temperature.
From the graph a temperature-time limit
in accordance with IEC 216 of approx.
140 C after 20,000 hours can be
extrapolated on the basis of a 50 %
decline in tensile strength.
Fire behavior
Ultradur is of great importance in electrical engineering and electronics. It is used

in insulating parts, such as plug boards,
contact strips and plug connections for
example, due to its balanced range of
properties. These include good insulation
properties (contact and surface resistance) in association with high dielectric
strength and good tracking current resistance together with satisfactory behavior
on exposure to heat, in aging, and the
possibility of meeting the requirements for
increased fire safety by incorporation of
fire protection additives. Electrical test values are compiled in the leaflet Product
characteristics, uses and guide values".
General notes
Above 290C Ultradur grades slowly
begin to decompose. In doing so flammable gases are given off which continue to
burn after ignition. These processes are
affected by many factors so that, as with
all flammable solid materials, no definite
flash point can be specified. The decomposition products from charring and combustion are mainly carbon dioxide and
water and depending on the supply of
oxygen small amounts of carbon monoxide, tetrahydrofuran, terephthalic acid,
acetaldehyde and soot. The decomposition products formed in the temperature
range up to 400 C have been shown in
toxicological investigations to be less
toxic than those produced under the
same conditions from wood. At higher
temperatures they are equally toxic. The
calorific value Hu according to DIN 51 900
is about 31,000 kJ/kg (unreinforced
grades).
r
Fig. 14 shows the dielectric constant and

the dissipation factor as a function of
frequency with reference to the example
of Ultradur S 4090 G4. The electrical
properties are not affected by the
moisture content of the air.
10 5
B 4300 G6
Dielectric constant
Time (h)
Ultradur moldings become only slightly

discolored on long exposure to thermal
stress in the aforementioned temperaturetime limits. In the case of uncolored Ultradur B 4520 for example, only a very slight
change in color can be observed after
exposure to a temperature of 110 C for
150 days. Even after storage for 100 days
at 140 C discoloration due to oxidation is
slight, i.e. the material is suitable for
inspection windows exposed to high temperatures, e.g. in the domestic appliance
sector.
Electrical properties
5.0
0.03
S 4090 G4
4.0
r
0.02
Dissipation factor
The temperature index is available for

many products and various properties
(tensile strength, tensile impact strength
and dielectric strength). The temperature
indices are given in the leaflet Product
characteristics, uses and guide values" or
can be found at www.ul.com. If required
we can provide the data and also the
associated calculation program on data
media.
10 4
3.0
10 3
tan
0.01
0
101 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9
135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180
Temperature (C)
Fig. 13: Thermal endurance graph for glass-fibre

reinforced Ultradur (IEC 216-1)
Frequency (Hz)
Fig. 14: Dielectric constant and dissipation factor
for glass-fibre reinforced Ultradur as a function
of frequency
21
Tests
Various material tests are carried out to
assess the fire behavior of electrical insulating materials.
The classification of the Ultradur grades
by the insulating material test DIN IEC
707/VDE 0304, Part 3 Determination
of flammability on exposure to ignition
sources contains three test methods
which can be optionally used:
BH method: ignition rod,
horizontal arrangement of test specimen;
spread and the formation of burning drops

assessed. The glowing wire test is becoming increasingly important for electrical
engineering components. The ratings of
the Ultradur grades are listed in Table 3. In
motor vehicle construction DIN 75 200 is
used as the test method for determining
the flammability of materials in the interior
of vehicles. Plate-like specimens arranged
horizontally are tested with a Bunsen burner flame, a method which is largely equivalent to FMVSS 302 (USA). As can be seen
in the product range overviews all Ultradur
grades meet the requirements (burning
rate < 100 mm/min.) set for plates up to a
thickness of 1 mm. The test on building

materials for the construction industry is
carried out in accordance with the supplementary provisions of DIN 41 02 Fire
behavior of building materials and building
parts. Plates made from the unreinforced
and glass-fiber reinforced Ultradur grades
are rated as
normally flammable building materials
(designation in accordance with the
building regulations in the Federal Republic
of Germany) in Building Materials Class B 2.
The test results are summarized in Table 3.
See also the brochure Thermoplastics
Fire safety aspects (see References, p. 41).
FH method: Bunsen burner,

horizontal arrangement of test specimen;
FV method: Bunsen burner,
vertical arrangement of test specimen.
Specimen
A further test on rod-shaped specimens
in the rating according to the UL 94 standard, Tests for Flammability of Plastics
Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances of the Underwriters Laboratories
Inc./USA. The Ultradur grades with halogen-containing fire-retardant additives
achieve the UL 94 rating of V-0 up to
thicknesses of 0.8 mm (1/32).
Wire loop
(max. 960C)
Test rig
Ultradur B 4400 contains a flame retardant

that is totally free of halogens, antimony
and elementary phosphorus, and achieves a UL94 flammability rating of V-0 at
1.6 mm (1/16). Apart from this Ultradur
B 4400 achieves the highest rating concerning tracking resistance (UL94) class 0.
Tissue paper
1N
The glowing wire test according to

IEL 695, Part 2-1 is carried out on vertically
arranged boards. The ignition source is an
electrically heated wire loop which presses
against the surface of the board. Flame are
Fig. 15: Incadescent wire test
Tabelle 3 Fire behavior
Ultradur
KR 4071
DIN IEC 707/VDE 0304 T3

Verfahren
BH FH FV
DIN 53 459
ISO 181
UL 94
1/16 1/32
Glow wire (OC)

(3 mm Wall thickness)
DIN IEC 695 Te 2-1/
VDE 0471 Teil 2-1
HB/
DIN 75 200/FMV SS 302

Flame spread
mm/min
VDE 0470
26
< 100
+ 1)
B 4500
FH 3 20 mm/min
II c
HB/HB
B 4520
FH 3 20 mm/min
II c
HB/HB
850
II c
HB/BH
< 750
< 100
B 4300 G2 G10
BH 2 50 mm; FH 3 15 mm/min
S 4090 G4 G6
HB
760 C
< 100
B 4300 K4 K6
FV2
II b
HB/
< 750
< 100
B 4406 G4 G62) Q113
FV0
II b
V-0/V-0
960
V-0/V-2
960
44003)
1) + means requirement fulfilled, flame extinguishes before the first mark

2) with halogen-containing flame retardants
3) with halogen-free flame retardants
22
Resistance to chemicals
Ultradur is highly resistant to many common solvents, such as alcohols, ethers,
esters, higher aliphatic esters and
aliphatic perhalogenated hydrocarbons,
and to fats and oils, such as propellants,
brake fluid and transformer oils. The
action of solvents and chemicals is
described at length in our Technical
Information leaflet Resistance of
Ultramid, Ultraform and Ultradur to
chemicals (Ref. TI-KTU/AS-28 e; see
References, p. 41).
Solvents having an effect at room temperature are unknown. At elevated temperatures Ultradur is dissolved by mixtures of
o-dichlorobenzene and phenol or tetrachloroethane and phenol as well as by
o-chlorophenol and dichloroacetic acid.
At room temperature Ultradur is stable to
water and aqueous solutions of most
salts. It exhibits limited resistance to dilute
acids and is not resistant to aqueous
alkalis.
Polyesters are susceptible to hydrolysis,

hence prolonged use of Ultradur in water
or in aqueous solutions above 60 C must
be avoided. Brief contact with warm or
hot water is not a problem. Ultradur
B 4030 G6 is available as a special grade
for cases where improved resistance to
hydrolysis is a particular requirement.
Stress cracking of Ultradur due to solvents or other chemicals has so far not
been observed. Clearance for the use of
the material for highly stressed components in potentially aggressive chemicals
requires that its chemical suitability be
reliably demonstrated. This may be done
on the basis of experience with similar
parts made of the same material in the
same medium under similar conditions or
by testing the part under conditions in
practice.
Behavior on exposure to weather

As has been shown by 3-year exposure
to weather in the open in Central Europe,
moldings made from Ultradur tend to discolor only very slightly and their surface
scarcely changes. Mechanical properties
too, such as rigidity, tensile strength and
tear strength, are hardly adversely affected. After a weathering test for 3,600
hours in the Xenotest 1200 device the
values for tensile strength still amount to
90% of the initial value. On the other hand
elongation at break is more adversely
affected. On the basis of experience
3,600 hours in the Xenotest 1200 equipment corresponds to about 5-6 years of
weathering in the open air. Parts for outdoor use should be manufactured from
black-colored material in order to prevent
impairment of strength due to surface
attack. Fibre-reinforced grades such as
Ultradur B 4040 G4/G6/G10 with outstanding surface quality and high resistance to UV radiation are suitable for
parts subject to particularly extreme exposure. These grades have outstanding
surface quality and exhibit high resistance
to UV radiation.
Door handle
23
Processing of Ultradur
As a general rule Ultradur can be

processed by all methods known for
thermoplastics. The main methods
which come into consideration,
however, are injection moulding and
extrusion. Complex moldings are economically manufactured in large numbers from Ultradur by injection molding. The extrusion process is used to
produce film, semi-finished products,
pipes, profiled parts, sheet and
monofilaments. Semi-finished products are for the most part machined
further by means of cutting tools to
form finished moldings.
In practice this manifests itself in a loss in

impact resistance and elasticity. The
decline in strength usually turns out to be
less marked. Degradation of the material
can be demonstrated by determining the
viscosity number according to DIN ISO
1628-5 or the melt volume index
according to ISO 1133.
Particular care therefore has to be devoted to pretreatment of the pellets and
processing in order that high quality of the
finished parts and low fluctuation in quality
can be guaranteed.
Ultradur should generally have a moisture
content of less than 0.04 % when being
processed.
General processing information

Moisture and drying
Thermoplastic polyesters, such as
poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) for
example, are susceptible to hydrolysis. If
the moisture content during fusion in the
course of processing is too high, degradation can occur. This results in cleavage of
the molecular chains and hence in a
reduction in the mean molecular weight.
In order to ensure reliable production,

therefore, pre-drying should generally be
the rule and the machine should be
loaded via a closed conveyor system.
Appropriate equipment is commercially
available.
In order to prevent the formation of

condensed water, containers stored in
unheated rooms must only be opened
when they have attained the temperature
prevailing in the processing area. This can
possibly take a very long time. Measurements have shown that the interior of a
25-kg bag originally at 5 C had reached
the temperature of 20 C in the processing
area only after 48 hours.
Of the various dryer systems possible, the
dry air dryer has proved to be technically
and economically superior.
Drying times for these devices amount to
4 hours at 100-120 C.
In general the directions of the equipment
manufacturer should be observed in order
to achieve the desired drying effect.
The use of vented screws is inadvisable.
Pre-drying is also recommended for the

addition of batches, e.g. in the case of inhouse pigmentation.
Process simulation
Calculation of the load
on inserts during the
charging process
Load
calculation
Charging simulation
Housing with conductor strips and retaining pins
24
Flow pattern
Reprocessing
Reprocessing of reground parts and sprue
is usually possible. Since, however, degradation to a greater or lesser degree can
occur in each processing cycle checks
should first of all be made as to how
extensive this is in the case in question.
Checks on the viscosity number in solution or the melt viscosity provide useful
information.
Production stoppages and change of

material
During brief production stoppages the
screw should be advanced to the forwardmost position and when downtimes are
relatively long the barrel temperature
should be additionally lowered. Before
restarting after stoppages thorough
purging is required.
Moisture content (Wt.-%)
When there is a change of material the

screw and barrel must be cleaned in
advance. HDPE of high molecular weight
as well as glass-fiber reinforced HDPE and
GFPP have proved to have good cleaning
action in such cases.
If the material was handled gently in the

first pass then as a rule up to 25 % of the
regranulated material can be mixed with
the fresh granules without any appreciable
decline in the characteristics of the material.
In the case of flame retardant products limits to the quantity of regrind permitted have
to be observed (e.g. by means of UL specifications). When regrind is added care has
to be taken that there is adequate predrying (see section on Moisture and
drying).
Self coloring
Further shades other than those in our
product range can be made up by means
of in-line coloring using masterbatches.
When choosing the masterbatch attention
should be paid to a high level of compatibility with Ultradur so that its range of
properties is not affected. We recommend
PBT-based color batches.
In the case of flame-retardant products
care must be taken that only masterbatches are used which do not change its rating (e.g. according to UL).
0.10
0.09
0.08
We will be happy to provide you with the

addresses of suppliers of suitable masterbatches.
0.07
0.06
B 4520
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
24C/59 % rel. humidity

24C/94 % rel. humidity
0.01
0.00
100
200
300
400
500
600
Storage time (min)
Fig. 16:
Absorption of
moisture by
unreinforced
Ultradur as a
function of time
Structure simulation
Loading
Deformation and stress
25
Injection molding
Injection unit
What is known as the normal screw is
suitable for processing Ultradur. A singleflighted, shallow-cut three-section screw
having a L/D ratio of 18 22 D is better for
PBT.
hE
LA
For the same screw diameter shallow

flighted screws ensure a shorter residence
time of the melt in the cylinder and a more
homogeneous temperature distribution in
the melt.
When processing GF-reinforced PBT
grades hard-wearing steels should be
used for the cylinder, screw and nonreturn valve. At higher holding pressures
the non-return must also prevent backflow
of the melt out of the space in front of the
screw so that sink marks or voids in the
part are reliably avoided. The need for a
check on the adequacy of sealing or
excess play is always indicated when the
melt cushion in the filled mold reduces
markedly in the holding phase.
hA
LE
LK
L
D
L
LE
LK
LA
hA
hE
S
R
outer diameter of the screw

effective screw length
length of feed section
length of compression section
length of metering section
flight depth in the metering section
flight depth in the feed section
pitch
non-return valve
Fig. 17: Screw geometry Terms and dimensions for

three-section screws for injection molding machines
Mold design
For Ultradur both conventional cold runners as well as hot runner systems can be
used.
In the case of hot runner systems and
heated nozzles externally heated systems
afford higher operational reliability due to
the more homogeneous melt temperature
and a reliable purging action. Diversions
have to be designed in a manner favoring
flow in order to avoid deposits. Here furthermore, good thermal isolation at the
gate is important. In this way the temperatures of the heated and cooled regions
can be more directly controlled and the
total energy requirements for heating and
cooling are reduced.
The most suitable type of gate depends
on the specific application and must
therefore be selected for each case.
26
Flight depth h (mm)
Due to the viscous melt Ultradur can be

processed both with an open nozzle as
well as with a shut-off nozzle. The use of
nozzle heater bands is recommended.
12
hE = flight depth in the feed section

hA = flight depth in the metering section
10
standard screw
shallow screw
8
6
4
2
hE
hA
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Screw diameter- D (mm)
Fig. 18: Screw geometry and screw flight depths for

three-section screws in injection molding machines
18-22
0.5-0.55
0.25-0.3
0.2
D
L
L
L
0.8-1.0
At mold temperatures above 60 C the

installation of thermal insulation panels
between the machine platen and the mold
base plate should be considered. As a
result less heat energy is lost and the temperature distribution in the mold is more
uniform.
Temperature control in the mold should
be so effective that even over long production periods the desired temperatures
are attained in all contour-forming regions
or selective temperature changes can be
produced at particular points by means of
independent temperature control circuits.
The quality of an effective cooling system
is shown in that temperature fluctuations
during the cycle phase are as small as
possible.
Metering and back pressure

When metering in, the peripheral screw
speed and the level of back pressure
have to be limited with a view to gentle
handling of the material.
Gentle infeed is guaranteed for peripheral
screw speeds of up to 15 m/min. Fig. 19
shows the speeds to be set as a function
of the screw diameter.
On the basis of experience the back
pressure, which should ensure improved
homogeneity of the melt and is therefore
desirable, should, however, be limited to
10 bar due to the risk of excessive shear.
Good feed behavior is best achieved by
means of rising temperature control. This
is illustrated by way of example in Fig. 20.
Peripheral speed (m/min
Demolding draws of 1 per side allow

problem-free demolding.
60
Screw diameter- D (mm)
55
60
Car plug-in connector
50
45
45
40
Maximum recommended
35 speed
30 15 m/min
30
25
20
20
15
15
10
Temperature
control
5
0
Heaters
260
50
100
150
200
250
260
260
1 Hopper
260
260 60 C
240
235
steady
260
300
rising
Rotary speed (rpm)

260
255
250
245
60 C
Fig. 19: Peripheral screw speed as a function of

rotary speed and screw diameter
Fig. 20: Cylinder temperature control for Ultradur
27
Processing temperature and

residence time
The recommended range of melt temperatures for the various Ultradur grades is
250 C - 270 C. In order to work out the
optimum machine setting experience
suggests that a start should be made at
the temperature of 260 C.
Mold surface temperature

On the basis of experience mold surface
temperatures should lie in the range of
40 C - 80 C for unreinforced materials
and 60 C - 100 C for reinforced materials. These temperatures can usefully be
attained using water systems.
In the case of components with high
demands on surface quality, especially in
the case of glass-fibre reinforced grades,
care should be taken that the mould surface temperature is at least 80 C or
higher.
The choice of melt temperature depends

on the flow lengths and wall thickness
and on the residence time of the melt in
the cylinder.
Unnecessarily high melt temperatures and
excessively long residence times of the
melt in the cylinder can bring about molecular degradation. Fig. 21 shows an
example illustrating how the viscosity
number acts as a measure of the molecular weight as a function of the melt
temperature and residence time.
Since the mold temperature has an effect

on shrinkage, warpage and surface quality
it is of great importance for the dimensional accuracy of parts.
The trend of the effect of mold surface
temperature on shrinkage behavior is
illustrated in Figs. 25 to 28 with reference
to the examples of Ultradur B 4520 and
B 4300 G6. Ultradur S 4090 G2-G6
represent grades having especially low
warpage.
Car plug-in connector
130
500
B 4520
120
240C
110
250C
260C
100
270C
90
Spiral length (mm)
Viscosity number (ml/g)
Based on experience material degradation of less than 10 % based on the measured viscosity in solution of the granules
and the molding is tolerable. In the event
of values higher than this the processing
parameters and pretreatment should be
checked.
450
400
350
300
Melt temperature 260 C

250
200
80
150
280C
300C
70
290C
100
50
60
10
15
20
25
30
35
Residence time in the plasticating unit (min)

Fig. 21: Polymer degradation (as measured by the
drop in viscosity number) in Ultradur test specimens
as a function of the melt temperature and residence
time in the plastication unit
28
0
B 4300 G2 B 4300 G4 B 4300 G6 S 4090 G4 S 4090 G6
Fig. 22: Flow behavior of glass-fibre reinforced
Ultradur grades; spiral length as a function of
melt temperature; wall thickness 1.5 mm
Flow behavior and injection speed
B
In general the plastic melt should be
injected into the injection mold as rapidly
as possible. However, in the case of particular component geometries and gate
types it may be necessary to reduce the
injection rate.
The flow behavior of the melt is of great

importance for the charging of the mold.
It can be assessed using spiral molds on
commercial injection molding machines.
The path covered in this mold is a
measure of the flow properties.
Injection pressure
The required injection pressure very much
depends on the flow properties of the
material, the type of gate and the geometry of the molding. Fig. 23 depicts the test
box used by way of example for carrying
out injection pressure tests. Fig. 24 shows
plots of injection pressure for some
selected Ultradur grades as a function of
the melt temperature.
A 107
B 47
C 40
D 60
E 120
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
Fig. 23: Test box

Injection pressure (bar)
In Fig. 22 the spiral lengths for some

selected Ultradur grades are presented.
1
2
3
4
5
6
1000
=
=
=
=
=
=
B 4300 G10
B 4300 G6
B 4300 K4, K6
B 4300 G4
B 4300 G2
7 =4071
B 4520
KR
1
2
3
4
5
6
500
250
260
270
Melt temperature (C)

Fig. 24: Flowability as a function of melt temperature.
Machine: 800 kN, cycle time = 20 s,
screw diameter = 30 mm,
mould surface temperature = 80 C,
injection speed = 16 mm/s
Coil former
29
500
1000
1500
+ 0.05
+ 0.08
+ 0.10
+ 0.08
+ 0.10
+ 0.15
0.05
0.08
0.10
Holding Pressure P N
1.5 mm wall thickness
bar
WOT 40 C
WOT 80 C
500
1000
1500
+ 0.20
+ 0.20
+ 0.15
0.08
0.10
0.15
3.0 mm wall thickness

WOT 40 C
WOT 80 C
+ 0.30
+ 0.25
+ 0.20
0.30
0.25
0.20
500
B 4520
2.0
1000
500
1500
1000
1.5
0.40
0.35
0.25
1500
1.0
The extent of shrinkage in a particular

component depends on many factors.
The most important determining factors
are listed below.
0.5
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Fig. 25:
Shrinkage diagram
for unreinforced
Ultradur
Mold surface temperature (C)

Melt temperature
(MT) 260C
Shrinkage (%)
The geometry of the injection-molded

part (differences in wall thickness, free
or impeded shrinkage)
The process technology used in
production (holding pressure,
mold surface temperature,
melt temperature, injection rate, etc.)
Type and arrangement of the gate
(pin, sprue or film gate)
The orientation of the glass fibers
(parallel or transverse with respect to
the direction of flow)
The storage period after cooling
(aftershrinkage)
The storage temperature
(tempering effect)

WOT 40 C
WOT 80 C
Holding pressure (bar)
In the product range overview Product

characteristics, uses and guide values
guide values for shrinkage are given.
These guide values were determined for
boards having a thickness of 3 mm which
were able to shrink freely. The melt temperature was 260 C while the mold temperature was 60 C for unreinforced and
80 C for reinforced materials and the
holding pressure was 500 bar.
Table of corrections for shrinkage calculations (%)
Holding Pressure P N
bar
WOT 40 C
WOT 80 C
Wall thickness 3.0 mm

Wall thickness = 1.5 mm
Holding pressure (bar)
In addition the position and size of the

gate and the processing parameters (melt
and mold temperature, pressure and holding time) together with the storage time
and storage temperature play a decisive
role. The interaction of these various factors makes exact prediction of shrinkage
very difficult.
Table 4
Shrinkage (%)
Shrinkage
DIN 16 901 defines the terms and test
methods for shrinkage in processing.
According to this shrinkage is defined as
the difference in the dimensions of the
mold and those of the injection-molded
part at room temperature. Shrinkage is
primarily a property of the material but it is
also determined by the geometry (free or
impeded shrinkage) and the wall thickness
of the injection molding.
1.0
B 4300 G6
0.9
0.8
0.7
500
0.6
1000
0.5
1500
0.4
0.3
20
30
Melt temperature
(MT) 260C
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Wall thickness 3.0 mm
Wall thickness = 1.5 mm
Fig. 26:
Shrinkage diagram
for glass-fibre
reinforced Ultradur
Depending on the processing conditions,

aftershrinkage of the components can
occur. Fig. 27 for unreinforced Ultradur B
4520 and Fig. 28 for glass-fiber reinforced
Ultradur B 4300 G6 give an impression of
how large aftershrinkage can be as a
function of the mold surface temperature.
After storage for 60 days at room temperature only the molded parts produced at
low mold temperatures exhibited small
dimensional variations (about 0.1%). After
tempering, i.e. hot storage for 24 hours at
120 C, the same parts exhibited marked
aftershrinkage, especially those produced
at low mold temperatures. As the mold
surface temperature rises aftershrinkage
steadily drops. This behavior should be
taken into account when designing parts
for use at elevated operational temperatures.
Shrinkage (%)
Wall thickness 2 mm
2.0
5
1.5
B 4520
1.0
4
3
2
1
0.5
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Machine:
1100 kN
Mold:
test box
Wall thickness: 2 mm
Plastic temperature:
265C
Holding pressure:
660 bar
Dimension measured A: 107 mm
Fig. 27: Effect of mold temperature and

post-moulding conditions on the shrinkage
of unreinforced Ultradur
2
3
4
5
Shrinkage measured 24 hours after injection.

Shrinkage measured 14 days after injection.
Shrinkage measured 60 days after injection.
Shrinkage measured after tempering
(for 24 hours at 120 C
Shrinkage (%)
In order to illustrate the effect of some of

these parameters the shrinkage is presented by way of example as a function of
the mold surface temperature for wall
thicknesses of 1.5 and 3 mm for unreinforced Ultradur B 4520 in Fig. 25 and for
glass-fiber reinforced Ultradur B 4300 G6
in Fig. 26. Additionally in this investigation
the holding pressure was varied in stepwise manner from 500 through 1000 to
1500 bar. The test component was a test
box as shown in Fig. 23. The specified
shrinkage values were measured along the
longitudinal direction of the box.
Wall thickness 1 mm
5
1.0
0.5
Housing for airbag sensor
4
3
1/2
B 4300 G6
0
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Machine:
1100 kN
Mold:
test box
Wall thickness: 1 mm
Plastic temperature:
265C
Holding pressure:
660 bar
Dimension measured A: 107 mm
Fig. 28: Effect of mold temperature and

post-moulding conditions on the shrinkage
of glass-fibre reinforced Ultradur
31
The Ultradur grades S 4090 G2-G6 represent alternatives having lower shrinkage.
Their shrinkage and warpage behavior are
compared with those of the Ultradur B
4300 and B 4040 grades (20 % GF) in
Figs. 29 and 30.
Warpage
The warpage of an injection-molded part
is caused mainly by differential shrinkage
in the direction of flow and in the direction
transverse to this. Warpage is often particularly noticeable in the case of glass-fiber
reinforced materials. In addition, this
increases as the mold surface temperature
rises.
Fuse box
On the other hand shrinkage in the direction of flow and transverse to this is
approximately the same in unreinforced,
mineral-filled and glass-bead filled products. Injection moldings which due to their
design tend particularly readily to warp
should therefore be manufactured as far
as possible from these Ultradur grades or
from the lower-warpage glass-fiber reinforced Ultradur S grades (see Fig. 30).
In many cases warpage-free moldings can
be produced by differential temperature
control of the mold parts.
0,42
B 4300 G4
1,25
B 4300 G4
1.0
B 4040 G4
0.8
S 4090 G4
0.3
0,38
B 4040 G4
1,0
0,25
S 4090 G4
parallel to
melt flow
0,2
perpendicular
to melt flow
0,67
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,2
Shrinkage after 1 h (%)
Fig. 29: Shrinkage behavior of glass-fibre

reinforced Ultradur
(Test box with walls 1.5 mm thick;
melt temperature = 260 C;
mold surface temperature = 80 C
32
1,0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Warpage (mm)
Fig. 30: Warpage behavior of glass-fibre
reinforced Ultradur
(Test box with walls 1.5 mm thick;
melt temperature = 260 C;
mold surface temperature = 80 C
Extrusion
Fundamentals, screw geometry
The following Ultradur resins listed in
order of rising viscosity are available for
extrusion:
Ultradur
Ultradur
Ultradur
Ultradur
Ultradur
B
B
B
B
B
The processing properties of the aforesaid

grades are similar to those of Polyamide 6.
In general, therefore, the product can be
processed on installations suitable for
polyamides.
The same is true for the screw geometry.
Experience to date has shown that all
Ultradur extrusion grades can be extruded
using the same three-section screws
which have also proved to be effective in
the processing of polyamides.
2550
4500
6550
6550 N
6550 L
Typical values for characteristic properties

are given in Table 5.
Ultradur B 2550 is suitable for the
production of monofilaments and bristles.
Ultradur B 4500 is suitable for the extrusion of flat films, Ultradur B
6550 for the extrusion of thinwalled and thick-walled tubes,
hollow and solid profiles and
semi finished parts.
For Ultradur the compression section and

the flight depth ratio are even more important than for polyamide. Rapid build-up of
a sufficiently high pressure has to be
ensured by choosing a screw having a
short compression section and a high
flight depth ratio between the feed and
metering sections.
Extruded Ultradur B 6550 profile - circular,

square and hollow rods together with
sheet and flat bars are principally used as
semi-finished parts for machine-cutting to
produce engineering articles for which
production by injection molding does not
come into consideration due to the small
numbers involved.
Tubes made from Ultradur B 6550
and B 6550 L are resistant to fuels, oils
and greases and for favorable sliding friction and wear properties.
The ability of Ultradur tube to withstand
compressive loads is remarkably high not
only at normal temperatures but also at
higher temperatures. They can for example withstand burst pressures higher by at
least a factor of 1.5 than polyamide tubes
of comparable size.
Ultradur B 6550 L is also primarily intended for producing

buffer tubes used in fibre optic
cables. It fulfils the requirements imposed by todays
trend towards higher extrusion
speeds and/or better tensile
properties. Ultradur B 6550 L
is additional modified with
lubricant for an better feeding
performance (for extruders
with a critical feeding behavior). Ultradur B 6550 N is
nucleated and is recommended when higher setting speeds
are necessary.
Thin-walled pipes made from Ultradur

B 6550 L are therefore generally suitable
for fuel and oil pipes, pneumatic and
hydraulic control lines, pipes for central
lubrication systems, Bowden cables and
other cable systems.
A further important application of Ultradur
B 6550 and B 6550 L is the extrusion of
conduits for optical fibres. In this case
B 6550 L is used by preference wherever
increased processing speeds and optimal
feed performance are required and/or
more suitable usage properties such as
strength, toughness and resistance to
hydrolysis even in natural-colored conduits
are wanted.
Sheathing for optical fibers
Table 5
The length of the compression zone

should, therefore, not exceed 4-5 D and
the flight depth ratio should be approximately 3:1. However, good results have
also been achieved using screws with
short compression zones.
Typical values for the characteristic properties of Ultradur extrusion grades
Property
Unit
Test method
B 2550
B 4500
B 6550
B 6550 L
Density
Melting temperature
Processing temperature
Melt viscosity
Viscosity number
g/cm 3
C
C
cm 3/g
ISO 1183
ISO 3146
ISO 1628
o-dichlorobenzene:
phenol 1 : 1,
c = 0.5 g/100 ml
solvent
1.30 0.01
220 225
230 290
low
approx. 107
1.30 0.01
220 225
230 280
medium
approx. 130
1.30 0.01
220 225
230 280
high
approx. 160
33
Production of semi-finished products

and profile sections
Ultradur B 6550 and B 6550 L is formed
into circular, square, square-section and
hollow rods under pressure by the cooleddie extrusion method, i.e. with cooled or
temperature-controlled mold pipes. Due to
the necessarily lengthy residence time of
the melt the melt temperature has to be
kept as low as possible. In the case of layers thicker than 70 80 m it should not
exceed 250 C.
In contrast with polyesters based on
poly(ethylene terephthalate) the temperature of the cooled die in the case of Ultradur need not be elevated, i.e. temperature
control can be effected with water at room
temperature. If the melt temperature has
to be reduced due to increasing layer
thickness it is, however, more favorable in
respect of surface quality and state of
stress in the parts to operate with water of
higher temperature (60-80 C; see the processing example for the production of
round-section rod in Table 6). As with
other partially crystalline thermoplastics,
suitably high pressures are also needed in
the case of Ultradur for compensating for
the volume shrinkage occurring on
solidification of the melt.
Production of sheet
Ultradur B 6550 sheet and slab, are
produced on commercial, horizontally
arranged installations having a sheet die,
three-roll polishing stack and a following
take-off unit. The sheet die should have
lips which extend up close to the nip. The
temperature control of the rolls depends
on the sheet thickness in question and
ranges from 60 to 170 C (for processing
example see Table 7). The throughput and
off-take rate are matched to one another
in such a way that a small, uniform bead
is formed over the width of the roll ahead
of the nip. The uniformity of this bead is of
great importance for the tolerances and
surface quality of the sheet.
34
Table 6
Rod extrusion example for Ultradur B 6550/ B 6550 L
Rod diameter
60 mm
Extruder
45 mm , 20 D
Screw
Section lengths L E = 9 D, L K = 3 D, L P = 8 D
Flight depths h 1/h 2 = 6,65/2,25 mm
Temperature settings
Adapter
Die (heated part)
Die 0Cooled part)
235/245/250 C
240 C
250 C
20 C
Screw speed
16 U/min
Melt pressure
ca. 30 bar
Take-off speed
27 m/min
Output
5,9 kg/h
Table 7
Sheet extrusion example for Ultradur B 6550/ B 6550 L
Sheet dimensions
780 x 2 mm
Extruder
90 mm , 30 D
Screw
3-Section lengths
L E = 11.5 D, L K = 4.5 D, L P = 14 D
Flight depths h 1/h 2 = 14.0/4.3 mm
Die
800 mm wide
Hopper
Barrel
Adapter
Die
40 C
215/220/235/260/230/225/220/220 C
230 C
throughout 230 C
Three-roll-stack
300 mm roll diameter

Temperature top 50 C
center 115 C
bottom 170 C
Screw speed
34 U/min
Melt temperature
256 C
Take-off speed
0,76 m/min
Output
100.8 kg/h
Table 8
Processing example for the production of tube from Ultradur B 6550 and B 6550 L
Tube dimensions
6 x 1 mm
Extruder
45 mm , 20 D
Screw
Section length L E = 9 D, L K = 3 D, L P = 8 D
Extruder
Adapter
Die
250/240/230 C
225 C
215 C
Die
Die diameter
Mandrel diameter
Gap
14 mm
6.8 mm
3.6 mm
Waterbath-vakuum calibration unit

Sizing plate diameter
Water temperature
6.15 mm
19 C
Srew speed
72 U/min
Take-off speed
20 m/min
Output
24 kg/h
Production of tubes
Tubes made from Ultradur B 6550
and B 6550 L with diameters up to
approx. 8 mm and a wall thickness of 1
mm are produced by the vacuum water
bath calibration method. Both sizing tubes
and sizing plates are suitable for calibration. In both cases the internal diameter is
chosen to be approximately 2.5 % greater
than the desired outer diameter of the
tube to be produced. Based on experience this difference corresponds to the
shrinkage in processing. To achieve the
highest possible haul-off speeds with
Ultradur B 6550 and B 6550 L, the ratio of
the pipe die diameter to the internal diameter of the sizing sleeve must range from
about 2:1 to 2.5:1. The die gap of the
pipe extrusion head should be 3 to 4
times the size of the desired wall thickness
of the tube. A processing example for the
production of tube is described in Table 8.
Production of film
Flat film made from Ultradur B 4500 is
manufactured by the usual method using
slot dies and chill rolls. With appropriate
cooling the films have very good transparency and at the same time they are
rigid and have good surface slip. A
processing example is reproduced in
Table 9.
Ultradur B 4500 film of 12-100 m gauge
can be produced under appropriate production conditions in thicknesses. They
are highly transparent and have good surface slip and high rigidity. The properties
of such films are given in Table 10. Adhesive-tape resistant vapor deposition of aluminum is readily possible on these films.
The barrier properties are improved still
further by the vapor deposition.
Table 9
Film extrusion example for Ultradur B 4500
Dimensions
Gauge approx 30 m, width 650 mm
Screw
D = 63.5 mm
L/D = 24
Section lengths L E = 7 D, L K = 5 D, L P = 12 D
Screen pack
400, 900, 2500, 3600 Mesh count/cm 2
Die
Width 800, die gap 0,5 mm
Heater band temperatures
230, 245, 255, 265 C/Die 225 C
Melt temperature
280 C
Melt pressure
75 bar
Chill rolls
Temperature approx. 55 C diameter 450 mm
Srew speed
40 U/min
Take-off speed
26 m/min
Output
44 kg/h
Table 10
Properties of film made from Ultradur B 4500 (gauge approx. 25 m,

mesured in standard atmosphere 23 C/50.r.h. after saturation)
Unit
Value
Test method
Yield stress s (para. & perp.)
MPa
30 35
ISO 527
Tear strength R (para.&perp.)
MPa
75 80
ISO 527
Strain at break R (para.&perp.)
450 500
ISO 527
Gas transmission
Water vapor transmission rate
Nitrogen gas transmission rate
Oxygen permeability
Carbon dioxide permeability
g/(m 2 d)
ml/(m 2 d)
ml/(m 2 d bar)
ml/(m 2 d bar)
10
12
60
550
ASTM F 1249
ASTM D 3985-81
ASTM D 1003
Optical properties
Haze
1) Conditions: 23 1C and (85 to 0) % r.h.
35
Ultradur B 4500 monofilm or multilayer

(with PE) can be sterilized on their own
and in composites without risk of damage
using superheated steam at 120-140 C,
ethylene oxide or ionizing radiation (2.5 x
104 J/kg. They are therefore also suitable
as a packaging material for sterilized
goods.
The films made from Ultradur B 4500 can
be oriented uniaxially or biaxially.
Ultradur B 4500 monofilm can be welded
by means of ultrasonics. Joining is also
possible using parting line welding based
on the thermal impulse principle. In this
case, however, postcrystallization
produces a white zone in the area of the
welded joint.
Production of monofilaments and

bristles
Monofilaments made from Ultradur B
2550 for the paper screening fabric sector
are produced on commercial extruders.
The usual monofilament diameters lie in
the range of 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm. To
achieve good uniformity of diameter water
spinning bath temperatures of 60 80 C
are required when cooling.
Bristles for toothbrushes are extruded

from Ultradur B 2550. Finishing treatments in the autoclave or in hot water
baths for improving the ability to return to
the upright position are not absolutely
necessary. Toothbrush bristles made from
Ultradur are distinguished primarily by low
water absorption, high resistance to abrasion and excellent powers of return to the
upright position.
In comparison with polyesters made from

poly(ethylene terephthalate) Ultradur
exhibits better resistance to hydrolysis
which can be substantially increased by
using standard stabilisers based on
polycarbodiimides.
Examples of the production of monofilaments and bristles from Ultradur are

presented in Table 11.
Table 11 Processing examples for the production of monofilaments and bristles from Ultradur
Monofilament/Bristle diameter
0.70 mm monofilaments
Extruder
D = 45 mm, L = 25D
Screw
three-section screw,
0.20 mm bristles
6D/7D/9D+3D
Die
Die head diameter
2.4 mm
0.65 mm
Die head length
4.8 mm
0.90 mm
Section 1
265 C
260 C
Section 2
275 C
265 C
Section 3
270 C
260 C
Section 4
265 C
255 C
Temperature control
Bristles
36
Head
270 C
260 C
Pump
270 C
260 C
Die
270 C
260 C
Melt
270 C
260 C
Water bath temperature
70 C
45C
Die spacing
160 mm
40 mm
Cooling path length
900 mm
780 mm
Take-off rate
20 m/min
25 m/min
Stretching temperature(hot air), 1st heater 155 C
160 C
Stretching unit 1
112.5 m/min
80 m/min
Stretching temperature(hot air), 2nd heater 235 C
Stretching unit 2
110 m/min
Fixing temperature, 3rd heater, 20m/min
230 C
200 C
Fixing unit
101.2 m/m
101.3 m/min
Stretching ratio 1
1:4. 0
1:4.5
Stretching ratio 2
1:1.38
Overall stretching ratio
1:5.5
1:4.5
Mechanical shrinkage
8%
10 %
Fabrication and finishing processes

Machining
Semi-finished parts and moldings made
from Ultradur can be readily machined
with cutting tools. This includes drilling,
turning on a lathe, tapping, sawing,
milling, filing and grinding. Special tools
are not necessary. Machining is possible
using standard tools suitable for machining steel on all standard machine tools.
As a general rule of thumb cutting speeds
should be high and feed rate low with
rapid removal of shavings and chips. The
cutting tools must always be sharp. Since
Ultradur has a high softening point cooling is generally not required. However, the
working conditions must be chosen in
such a way that the temperatures do not
exceed 200 C.
Joining methods
Parts made from Ultradur can be joined at
low cost by a variety of methods. The
mechanical properties of Ultradur, especially its toughness, allow the use of selftapping screws. Ultradur parts can be
connected without difficulty to one another or to parts made from other materials
by means of rivets and bolts. Ultradur's
outstanding elasticity and strength, even
at high temperatures, enables economic
manufacture of high-performance snapand press-fitting connectors.
Ultradur parts can be bonded to other
parts made of this or another material
using two-component adhesives based
on epoxide resins, polyurethanes, silicones or even cyanoacrylates.
The highest bonding strengths can be

achieved when the surfaces to be joined
together are roughened and degreased
with a solvent such as acetone.
Known methods for welding Ultradur
include heating-element and ultrasonic
welding as well as spin and vibration
welding. Apart from being a gentle joining
technique, laser welding is an attractive
option for joints that are subjected to little
or no stress (see technical information
Laser welding). Only high-frequency
welding is not feasible for this plastic on
account of the low dielectric loss factor.
Due to its range of variation the ultrasonic
joining technique in particular affords the
possibility of integrating the bonding of
mass-produced injection-molded parts
efficiently and synchronously into fully
automated production flows. Design of
the mating surfaces in line with the welding technique together with optimum processing parameters are the prerequisites
for obtaining high-quality welded joints. It
is therefore important to consider at the
design stage how parts are to be welded
and then to design the mating surfaces
accordingly. Further details can be found
in the corresponding guidelines of the
DVS (Deutscher Verband fr
Schweitechnik = German association for
welding technology). Ultrasound also can
be used to embed metal inserts into pre formed holes.
Printing, embossing, varnishing and

metallization
The recommended binders for flexo and
intaglio printing are a polyamide resin or a
polyamide resin in association with nitrocellulose and for letterpress printing a
standard printing varnish free of mineral
oil. Two-component printing inks are particularly suitable for screen printing. Stoving at temperatures of 80-120 C ensure
the best results with respect to resistance
to scratching and adhesive tapes.
Printing of the highest quality on Ultradur
is obtained by heat transfer printing using
subliming disperse dyestuffs.
In this method, which has long been used

in the textiles industry for printing on polyester fabrics, the dyes are transferred by
means of a carrier medium (e.g. paper
webs) under the action of heat and pressure. In doing so the dyes diffuse to a
depth of more than 100 m into the Ultradur moldings. The impressions produced
in this way are highly resistant to abrasion,
fast to light and highly resistant to chemicals. This method is especially suitable for
printing characters on keyboards.
Very good results are also obtained with
laser-printing on Ultradur moldings. There
is an abundance of experience in this area
which we will be happy to share. Special
tints for high-contrast laser-lettering are
available. You can find further details in
the Technical Information leaflet Laserprinting on thermoplastics (see
References, p. 41).
Ultradur can be chrome-plated without
difficulty and hot-stamped with suitable
embossing foils.
Ultradur can be coated with various
coating systems, such as hydro-soft
paints for example. On inquiry our
application support staff will be happy to
advise you on the coating system best
suited to your application.
Priming and painting systems for the automotive industry are also known which
permit on-line coating of Ultradur at
temperatures of up to 160 C. In doing so
it has to be borne in mind that in addition
to the normal moulding shrinkage, further
shrinkage of 0.1 0.2 % appears when
painted parts are stoved. The exact level
of shrinkage depends on the oven
temperature. Ultradur parts can be
metallized in high vacuum. Both vapor
and sputter deposition techniques produce high gloss surface finishes.
Ultradur moldings can be colored in
a dye bath using water-dispersible
pigments.
37
General information
Safety notes
Safety precautions during processing
Ultradur melts are thermally stable at temperatures up to 280 C and do not give
rise to hazards due to molecular degradation or the evolution of gases and vapors.
Like all thermoplastic polymers, however,
Ultradur decomposes on exposure to
excessive thermal stresses, e.g. when it is
overheated or as a result of cleaning by
burning off. In such cases gaseous
decomposition products are formed.
Decomposition accelerates above 300 C
approximately, the initial products formed
being mainly tetrahydrofuran and water. At
temperatures above about 350 C small
quantities of aldehydes and saturated and
unsaturated hydrocarbons are also
formed. When Ultradur is properly
processed and there is adequate suction
at the die no risks to health are to be
expected. The workplace should be adequately ventilated when Ultradur is being
processed.
Incorrect processing includes e.g. high
thermal stresses and long residence times
in the processing machine. In these cases
there is the risk of elimination of pungentsmelling vapors and gases which can be a
hazard to health. Such a failure additionally becomes apparent due to brownish
burn marks on the moldings. This is remedied by ejection of the machine contents
into the open air and reducing the cylinder
temperature at the same time. Rapid cooling of the damaged material, e.g. in a
water bath, reduces nuisances caused by
odors. In general measures should be
taken to ensure ventilation and venting of
the work area, preferably by means of an
extraction hood over the cylinder unit.
Halogen-containing flame-retardant
Ultradur grades can give rise to corrosive and harmful degradation products
due to overheating or long residence
times of the melt in the cylinder. When
relatively long downtimes occur it is
therefore necessary to flush the cylinder
empty or to purge it with an Ultradur
grade which is not flame-retardant and
lower the temperature. In general we
recommend careful extraction by suction
in the area of the nozzle. In the event of
fires involving flame-retardant grades
containing halogen compounds toxic
compounds can be produced which
should not be inhaled.
Toxicological information, regulations

Ultradur grades are not hazardous substances. No detrimental effects to people
engaged in the processing of Ultradur
have come to light when the material has
been correctly processed and the work
areas have been well ventilated.
Food safety legislation

The monomers used in the manufacture of
the current standard range of Ultradur
resins are listed without specific migration
limits in annex 2, sections A and B, of the
EU Directive 90/128/EEC and the following amendments: 92/39/EEC, 93/9/EEC,
95/3/EU, 96/11/EU and 01/62/EC. The
requirements of the German ordinance
(Bedarfsgegenstndeverordnung) of 23
December 1997 (monomers and other
starting materials) have therefore been
met.
The composition of the unreinforced injection-molding and extrusion grades
(B2550, B4500, B4520 und B6550), as
well as glass-fibre reinforced standard
grades (B4300 G2-G10), meets the
requirements of the BgVVs (German Federal Institute for Consumer-Health Protection and Veterinary Medicine) recommendation XVII on diol esters of polyterephthalic acid dated 1 March 2001.
Provided that the principles of sound manufacturing practice are observed, there are
no objections in the Federal Republic of
Germany to the use of the above-mentioned Ultradur products in the production
of articles intended for food-contact applications as defined in 5.1.1 of the German consumer act Lebensmittel- und
Bedarfsgegenstndegesetzes dated 9
September 1997. Note that these products are only suitable for repeated-use
applications. It is the responsibility of
those who place such articles on the market to ensure that the provisions of the
above consumer legislation are met. In
particular it is necessary to ensure the
suitability of the article for the application
concerned, to check for possible tainting
of the contents by the packaging and to
verify that migration limits are not exceeded. In this case the food-contact articles
meet the requirements of 30 ("Prohibitions for the protection of health") and 31
("Migration of substances into food").
The above information is based on our
own product tests and corresponds to the
legislation of August 2001.
Flame-retardant grades are not recommended for food-contact applications.
Plug-in Connector
38
Legislation regarding the use of colored,

standard Ultradur grades, low-warpage
grades and grades for A1 surface finishes, as well as specialty grades, differs
from country to country. If it is intended to
use these products for food-contact
applications or childrens toy, we will gladly advise on the current legislation and
suitable colorants.
Form as supplied and storage
Ultradur and the environment
Standard packaging includes the 25-kg

bag and the 1000 kg octabin (octagonal
container). Other forms of packaging are
possible subject to agreement. All containers are tightly sealed and should be
opened only immediately prior to processing. Further precautions for preliminary
treatment and drying are described in the
processing section of the brochure. The
bulk density is depending on the product
about 0.5 to 0.8 g/cm3.
Storage and transportation

Under normal conditions Ultradur can be
stored for unlimited periods. Even at elevated temperatures, e.g. 40 C in air, and
under the action of sunlight and weather
no decomposition reactions occur (cf.
Sections Form as supplied and storage
and Outdoor performance).
Ultradur is not a hazardous material as
defined by the German ordinance on hazardous materials of 26.08.86 and hence is
not a hazardous material for purposes of
transportation (cf. Ultradur safety data
sheet).
Ultradur is assigned to the German water
pollution class 0, i.e. Ultradur poses no
risk to groundwater.
Waste disposal
Subject to local authority regulations Ultradur can be dumped or incinerated together with household garbage. The calorific
value of unreinforced grades amounts to
29,000 to 32,000 kJ/kg
(Hu according to DIN 51 900).
The burning behavior of Ultradur is
described in the Section "Ultradur and its
characteristic properties" and in our
brochure entitled Fire behavior of
thermoplastics (see p. 41).
Plug-in Connector
Recycling
Like other production wastes, sorted
Ultradur waste materials, e.g. ground up
injection-molded parts and the like, can be
fed back to a certain extent into processing depending on the grade and the
demands placed on it. You can find further
information about this under the item (see
section entitled Reprocessing and recycling scrap, p. 25).
39
Nomenclature
Colors
Ultradur commercial grades are designated

by either the letter B or S, followed by a
four-digit number.
Uncolored Ultradur has an opaque white

color.
Ultradur B = PBT
Ultradur S = PBT + ASA
Development grades have the letters
KR followed
Ultradur grades are supplied in both

uncolored and colored forms. All shades
are free of cadmium pigments.
Ultradur grades can also be colored by
customers themselves. We will be happy
to provide further information on request.
The letter behind the number denotes

reinforcement or filler materials:
G = glass fibers
K = glass beads
M = mineral
and the number after this denotes the
approximate amount of additive, e.g.:
2 = 10 parts by weight
Color shades are identified by the code

for the grade in question followed by the
name of the color and a three- to five digit
color number.
Housing for electric seat adjustment in cars
40
References
BASF Publications
General
BASF - Competence in Plastics
Plastics set the pace:
easy on resources, innovative,
indispensable
Thermoplastics Fire protection aspects
Ultraplasts - Quality management
Ultradur publications
Ultradur with glass-fibre reinforcement
Technical information for experts
Distortion in fiber-reinforced injection
molded components
Life Cycle Assessments and Ecoefficiency-Instruments for Sustainable
Product Development
CAE-Development Service for Plastics
Processors and Users
Investigating structural failure in plastic
parts with the help of light microscopy
Screw design in injection molding
Acoustic optimization of plastic parts
Laser Marking on Thermoplastics
Fire safety of plastics in motor vehicles
Plastics Recycling Activities of BASF
The quick way to optimal snapfitting connections
Estimating cooling times in
injection moulding
Designing of Integral Hinges
Screw design + optimization of
grooved-barrel extruders
Design and analysis of screw connections
Determination of environmental
stress cracking
Friction and abrasion of plastics materials
Instrumented puncture test
Other references
G. Erhard: Konstruieren mit Kunststoffen [Construction with plastics], Carl Hanser-Verlag, Munich, Vienna, 1993.
KTX 9804
KTX 9812
KTX 9700
KTX 9701
KTUD-9404E
KTX 9913 d 12.99
KTX 9912 d 12.99

KTX 9911 e 12.99
KTX
KTX
KTX
KTX
KTX
KTX
9909
9908
9801
9800
9811
9814
d 10.99
d 10.99
e 09.98
e 07.98
e 07.98
e 07.98
43535/ 05.98
40482/ 12.97
39653/ 05.97
40893/ 10.97
82537/ 09.96
82505/ 04.96
82488/ 04.96
82485/ 01.96
Information on the Internet

Campus - with mechanical, electrical and thermal properties (single-point data), stress-strain diagrams (long-term and short-term),
shear modulus, viscosity functions.
Download address:
http://www.basf.de/en/produkte/kstoffe/kstoffe/werkst
Information on data media
Calculation programs:
Snaps (snap-in connections)
Beams (bending beams)
Screws (self-tapping screws)
41
Do you have technical questions

about Ultradur?
We will be happy to deal with your
inquiry at our Ultra-Infopoint:
You can find further detailed information on products and applications for
BASF plastics at our Plastics Portal,
which provides:
24-hour, seven-day availability
up-to-date technical information on
products and examples of applications, UL lists and ISO certification
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Why not visit us at the Portal and

become a registered user?
Internet: www.basf.de
www.basf.de/
PlasticsPortal
42
Housing for electronic ignition devices
Plastics from BASF
The product range at a glance

Products from BASF Aktiengesellschaft
Terluran
Ronfalin
Luran S
Luran
Terlux
Terblend N
Luranyl
Polystyrol, impact-modified
Polystyrol, impact modified
Styrolux
Styroblend
Styroflex
Ecoflex
Ultradur
Ultraform
Ultramid
Ultrason E
Ultrason S
Styropor
Neopor
Styrodur C
Neopolen P
Neopolen E
Basotect
Palusol
Acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene polymer
Acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene polymer
Acrylonitrile/styrene/acrylate polymer
Styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer
Methyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile/butadiene/
styrene polymer
Acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene polymer and polyamide
Blend of polyphenylene ether and PS-I
Styrene/butadiene polymer
Polystyrene
Styrene/butadiene block copolymer
Blend based on styrene/butadiene polymer
Styrene/butadiene block copolymer
Biodegradable plastic/polyester
Polybutylene terephthalate
Polyoxymethylene
Polyamides
Polyethersulfone
Polysulfone
Expandable polystyrene
Expandable polystyrene
Extruded rigid polystyrene foam
Polypropylene foam
Polyethylene foam
Foam from melamine resin
Silicate foam
ABS
ABS
ASA, (ASA + PC)
SAN
MABS
ABS + PA
(PPE + PS-I)
PS-I
PS
SBS
PS-I blend
SBS
PBT, (PBT + ASA)
POM
PA 6, 66, 6/66, 6/6T
PES
PSU
EPS
EPS
XPS
EPP
EPE
MF
Further Information:
www.basf.com
www.basf.de
Additional information
on polyurethanes can be
found at:
www.elastogran.de
on polyolefines can be
found at:
www.basell.com
on PVC and PVDC can
be found at:
www.solvay.com and
www.solvay.de
= reg. trademark of BASF Aktiengesellschaft
Polyurethanes
Lupranat
Lupraphen
Lupranol
Pluracol*
Elastan
Elastocoat
Elastoflex
Elastofoam
Elastolit
Elastonat
Elastopan
Elastopor
Elasturan
SPS
Elastospray
Autofroth
ElastoskinTM*
Cellasto
Elastocell
CeoDS
Emdicell
Elastollan
Diisocyanates
Polyester polyols
Polyether polyols
Polyether polyols
Systems for sportsfield coverings
C systems as coating and casting compounds
Soft polyurethane foam systems
Soft integral polyurethane foam systems
Rigid integral polyurethane foam systems
and RIM systems
Flexible integral polyurethane systems
Polyurethane shoe foam systems
Rigid polyurethane foam systems
Systems as cold curing cast elastomers
Steel-polyurethane systems
PU system
PU system
Flexible integral polyurethane systems
Components made from microcellular PUR elastomers
Multifunctional composits made from Cellasto components
Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers
= reg. trademark of Elastogran GmbH

resp. TM = reg. trademark of BASF Corporation
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
PU
TPU
Note
The information submitted in this
publication is based on our current knowledge and experience. In view of the many
factors that may affect processing and
application, this data does not relieve
processors of the responsibility of carrying
out their own tests and experiments;
neither do they imply any legally binding
assurance of certain properties or of
suitability for a specific purpose. It is the
responsibility of those to whom we supply
our products to ensure that any proprietary rights and existing laws and legislation are observed.
43
KTUD 0004B e 09.2001
BASF Aktiengesellschaft
67056 Ludwigshafen
Germany

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Ultradur

Poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)

Ultradur is BASFs tradename for its line of partially

Ultradur, a heavy-duty material ...

... in automotive engineering

... in electrical engineering, electronics and telecommunications

... in precision engineering and in general mechanical engineering

... in the home

The properties of Ultradur

... backed by quality management certification

Product range and properties

General processing information

Fabrication and finishing processes

Form as supplied and storage

Ultradur and the environment

Ultradur, a heavy-duty material ...

Ultradur demonstrates its strengths

Ultradur is employed in housings and

Variable cam control

Electronic control for continuously

Frame for sliding roof

... in electrical engineering, electronics and telecommunications

Parts which are becoming ever

Ultradur is used in plug-in connectors,

Printed circuit board

Housing for out of Position (OOP)

Housing for control electronics (door electronics)

... in precision engineering and in general mechanical engineering

Long service life, perfect operation

Ultradur is employed in functional parts

Pump pressure housing

... in the home

Ultradur range contains the grades to

Fume duct for

Ultradur and its characteristic properties

The Ultradur grades are poly (alkylene

Ultradur is produced by polycondensation of terephthalic acid or

... backed by quality management

Certification of Quality Management Systems (DQS). The certification includes all

Product range and applications

The most important applications of Ultradur are automotive engineering, electrical

The Ultradur product range includes

The most varied products from the

Unreinforced Ultradur is distinguished by

The strength and rigidity of glass-fibre

Table 1 The Ultradur product range at a glance

medium-viscosity extrusion grade

standard grade, easy demolding

high-viscosity extrusion grade

high-viscosity extrusion grade with

Balance between stiffness and toughness, easy to process

Low-warpage grades (PBT+ASA-GF)

Grades for good surface finishes (PBT+PET-GF)

PBT+PET blend for applications in which good surface appearance is essential

Flame-retardant grades (PBT-GF-FR)

Standard halogenated flame-retardant grade (UL 94 V-0 at 0.75 mm);

Unreinforced injection-molding grade with high impact strength,

Glass-fibre reinforced injection-molding grade with high impact strength

Mineral reinforced grades

(20 % GF, 10% Mineral)

Modulus of elasticity (MPa)

Fig. 2: Shear modulus and logarithmic decrement of