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I. INTRODUCTION
Data Communication is the transfer of data and information
from one node (device) to another device through network
system, and network system is the combination of software and
hardware that allow user to send data. The hardware of
network system consists of physical equipment that can be
used to send data in form of signal from one point of the
internet to another point, whereas software of network system
is the set of instruction that are used for the working of
hardware possible as we expected.
Network system has two models Open System
Interconnection commonly known as OSI model and other one
is Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol Suite
commonly known as TCP/IP suite. OSI model consist of
seven-layer model which provide standard to network
communication while TCP/IP suite has four layers originally
but when we compare it with OSI model it has five layers
which are discuss later. In TCP/IP we have four types of
address are used physical address, logical address, port address
and specific address. Sockets are used in logical and port
addressing. Sockets can be termed as one endpoint in the flow
of communication between two programs which are running on
network
Sockets are basic technology which provide a platform for
programming software to exchange information on TCP/IP
network.
II. DATA COMMUNICATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE
Communication is the sharing of information. We can
share information in two ways either locally or remotely, local
communication occurs when we are communicating with
someone face to face, while remote communication occurs
when
we
are
communicating
over
distance
(telecommunication is an example of remote communication
process that is used for sharing information over distance).
Data communication can be defined as the exchange of
information (i.e. data) between two or more devices via
transmission medium like wire cables. There must be a
communication system if we want data communication to
occur.
Data communication is one the main reason for the creation
of computer networks, before the invention of computer
networks data and information had to be physically conveyed
from one device (node) to another device. With the invention
digital networks, it is not only easier to send data plus we can
send and receive data quickly. It is because of data
communication that we can communicate and share
information across the globe. In modern world we are using
cell phones, projectors, laptops and many other inventions
these all inventions work due to data communication. We can
communicate with anyone globally with in few seconds, all of
these tasks are performed just because of data communication.
We can say that our modern societies relies on data
communication. It is due to data communication that we can
exchange information in the form of text, video, image, audio
with anyone around the world
III. OSI MODEL AND ITS IMPORTANCE
In 1984, International Standard Organization (ISO)
introduce a seven-layer model Open System Interconnection
(OSI) that covers all the functions of network communication.
To replace all the computing communication standards ISO
introduce OSI model. OSI was design to maintain a standard of
network communication globally. An OSI is a set of rules and
protocols that allow any two different network system to
communicate with each other regardless of their physical
structure. OSI is a layered approach and each layer depended
on the previous one. OSI also used to understand network
communication system. The purpose and importance of layered
approach is to address some goals which are define below,
Complex communication network was logically
decomposed into a smaller, understandable and
manageable parts
Physical Layer
In TCP/IP physical layer performing the
responsibilities of sending and receiving individual bit
from one node to another
Data Link Layer
It responsible for sending and receiving
frames from one node to another
Network Layer
At network layer TCP/IP support the
functions of internetworking protocols
Transport Layer
The transport Layer in TCP/IP is represented
by two protocols TCP and UDP. UDP and TCP
VIII. CONCLUSION
Data communication plays a major role in communicating
with other node over network. It is only possible due to data
communicating that we can send and receive data. This
research paper also covers the importance of OSI model and
socket programming. Socket are the endpoint in the flow of
communication between two programs over network. Socket
programming allow user to transmit data at high speed.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am very grateful that I have completed my assignment of
DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING given
by Sir Eng. Muhammad Ali Yousuf. I have submitted my
assignment before the deadline. I sincerely thank my course
teacher for giving full support and his guidance
REFERENCES
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_sockets.
[2] James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross, Computer Networking: A
Top- down Approach featuring the Internet
[3] http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9308392/whats-theadvantages-and-disadvantages-of-using-socket-in-ipc
[4] Joseph M. Dibella , Socket Programming with Java
[5] http://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_networking.htm
[6] https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/networking/sockets/defini
tion.html
[7] The Java Tutorials, Lesson: All about Sockets.