Question 1

I) A companys telephone exchange (PBX or hosted IP-PBX) digitizes telephone channels

at 8000 smp/s, using 8 bits quantization. The telephone exchange transmits
simultaneously on 24 telephone channels over the same communications link.
a. Whats the required per channel data rate?
b. What is the combined data rate for the 24 channels over the communications link?
c. In order to provide voice-mail service, the telephone exchange can store three-minute
audio messages using the same digitizing process used for a telephone channel. How
many megabytes of data storage space are needed to store a three-minute voice-mail
message?

II) Commonly, medical digital radiology ultrasound studies consist of about 25 images
extracted from a full-motion ultrasound examination. Each image consists of 512 by 512
pixels, each with 8 bits of intensity information.
a. How many bits are there in the 25 images?
b. Ideally, however, doctors would like to use 512 x 512 x 8 bit frames at 30 fps (frames
per second). Ignoring possible compression and overhead factors, what is the
minimum channel capacity required to sustain this full-motion ultrasound?
c. Suppose each full-motion study consists of 25 seconds of frame. How many bytes of
storage would be needed to store a single study in uncompressed form?
Question 2
I) Two data centers used for retail credit authorization are located in two different major
population centers, which are separated from each other by a large zone of very little
population. Each data center is intended to cover a particular geographical area and thus
contains data that reflect the account status of the cardholders in that area only.
Communication between both data centers occurs only in case a cardholder from one
geographical area shops in a retail credit establishment of the geographical area covered
by the other data center.
a. Classify the relationship between the data centers as either client/server or peer to
peer.
b. Classify the database of the retail credit system as either partitioned or replicated.
c. Should the two data centers be consolidated into a single, centralized, cloud-based
facility? Why or why not?
II) A company plans to deploy a credit-sales system that will provide service to ten large
population centers. A database will be used to store user information and record credit
transactions. The IT department is considering two choices:
A centralized database, where a single copy of the data is stored in one datacenter and
used from all population centers.
A replicated database, where one copy of the data is stored at multiple data centers
(one in each population center) and all copies of the data are synchronized.
Your task is to write an essay with about 200-400 words.

a. Show the equivalent analog sine-wave pattern of the bit string 11010010 using amplitude
shift keying, frequency shift keying, and phase shift keying.
b. Draw in chart form (as shown in Figure 5.7 in text) the voltage representation of the bit
pattern 11010010 for the digital encoding schemes NRZ-L, NRZI, Manchester, and
differential Manchester.
c. There are many more digital encoding schemes than NRZ-LI, NRZI, Manchester, and
differential Manchester. List three other encoding techniques, and show an example of
how each encodes.
Question 4
Explain Modulation of a digital signal for transmission on a bandpass channel?
Do some Internet research on it, and write an essay on how it works, Include at images that
you think do an especially good job illustrating how modulation works.
Question 5
a. Given the binary value of 1010101, apply simple even parity checks to:

i) conclude the resulting binary value; and

ii) explain how the said error detection technique would detect transmission error.
b. Given the following binary values 1010101 , 1001001 , 1000001 and 1111110 ,
apply longitudinal odd parity checks to:
i) conclude the resulting binary value; and
ii) explain how the said error detection technique would detect transmission error.
Note: All your answers to the above questions should be accompanied by
supporting explanation/ justification.