Awc Spantables2015 DVJR 1505

DESIGN VALUES FOR
JOISTS AND RAFTERS

2015 EDITION
SUPPLEMENT TO
sPAN tABLES FOR jOISTS AND rAFTERS
Updates and Errata

While every precaution has been taken to
ensure the accuracy of this document, errors
may have occurred during development.
Updates or Errata are posted to the American
Wood Council website at www.awc.org.
Technical inquiries may be addressed to
info@awc.org.
The American Wood Council (AWC) is the voice of North American traditional and engineered
wood products. From a renewable resource that absorbs and sequesters carbon, the wood products
industry makes products that are essential to everyday life. AWCs engineers, technologists,
scientists, and building code experts develop state-of-the-art engineering data, technology, and
standards on structural wood products for use by design professionals, building officials, and
wood products manufacturers to assure the safe and efficient design and use of wood structural
components.
DESIGN VALUES FOR

JOISTS AND RAFTERS
2015 EDITION
sUPPLEMENT TO
SPAN TABLES FOR JOISTS AND RAFTERS
While every effort has been made to insure

the accuracy of the information presented,
and special effort has been made to assure
that the information reflects the state-ofthe-art, neither the American Wood Council
nor its members assume any responsibility
for any particular design prepared from this
publication. Those using this document assume all liability from its use.
Copyright 2015
American Wood Council
info@awc.org
www.awc.org
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table W-1 Design Values for Joists and Rafters - Visually Graded Lumber
Species or Species
Species that may be
Combination
Included in the Combination
Page

Alaska Cedar.......................................................................................................................................................1
Alaska Hemlock..................................................................................................................................................1
Alaska Spruce ........................... Alaska Sitka Spruce, Alaska White Spruce....................................................2
Alaska Yellow Cedar...........................................................................................................................................2
Aspen......................................... Big Tooth Aspen, Quaking Aspen...................................................................3
Baldcypress ........................................................................................................................................................3
Beech-Birch-Hickory................... American Beech, Bitternut Hickory, Mockernut Hickory,................................4

Nutmeg Hickory, Pecan Hickory, Pignut Hickory, Shagbark Hickory,

Shellbark Hickory, Sweet Birch, Water Hickory, Yellow Birch
Coast Sitka Spruce.............................................................................................................................................4
Cottonwood ........................................................................................................................................................5
Douglas Fir-Larch....................... Douglas Fir, Western Larch............................................................................5
Douglas Fir-Larch (North).......... Douglas Fir, Western Larch............................................................................6
Douglas Fir-South...............................................................................................................................................6
Eastern Hemlock-Balsam Fir..... Balsam Fir, Eastern Hemlock, Tamarack........................................................7
Eastern Hemlock-Tamarack....... Eastern Hemlock, Tamarack...........................................................................7
Eastern Softwoods..................... Balsam Fir, Black Spruce, Eastern Hemlock, Eastern White Pine, ..............8

Jack Pine, Norway (Red) Pine, Pitch Pine, Red Spruce,

Tamarack, White Spruce
Eastern White Pine.............................................................................................................................................8
Hem-Fir....................................... California Red Fir, Grand Fir, Noble Fir, Pacific Silver Fir, ...........................9

Western Hemlock, White Fir
Hem-Fir (North).......................... Amabilis Fir, Western Hemlock.......................................................................9
Mixed Maple............................... Black Maple, Red Maple, Silver Maple, Sugar Maple..................................10
Mixed Oak ................................. All Oak Species graded under NELMA rules...............................................10
Mixed Southern Pine ................ Any species in the Southern Pine species combination, plus..................... 11

either or both of the following: Pond Pine, Virginia Pine
Northern Red Oak...................... Black Oak, Northern Red Oak, Pin Oak, Scarlet Oak.................................11
Northern Species....................... All species graded under NLGA rules..........................................................12

except Red Alder, White Birch, and Norway Spruce
Northern White Cedar.......................................................................................................................................12
Red Maple.........................................................................................................................................................13
Red Oak..................................... Black Oak, Cherrybark Oak, Laurel Oak, Northern Red Oak, Pin...............13

Oak, Scarlet Oak, Southern Red Oak, Water Oak, Willow Oak
Redwood...........................................................................................................................................................14
Southern Pine............................ Loblolly Pine, Longleaf Pine, Shortleaf Pine, Slash Pine.............................15
Spruce-Pine-Fir.......................... Alpine Fir, Balsam Fir, Black Spruce, Engelmann Spruce, .........................16

.Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Red Spruce, White Spruce
Spruce-Pine-Fir (South)............. Balsam Fir, Black Spruce, Engelmann Spruce, Jack Pine, .......................16

Lodgepole Pine, Norway (Red) Pine, Red Spruce, Sitka Spruce,

White Spruce
Western Cedars......................... Alaska Cedar, Incense Cedar, Port Orford Cedar, ......................................17

Western Red Cedar
Western Woods.......................... Any species in the Douglas Fir-Larch, Douglas Fir-South,..........................17

Hem-Fir, and Spruce-Pine-Fir (South) species combinations,

plus any or all of the following: Alpine Fir, Idaho White Pine,

Mountain Hemlock, Ponderosa Pine, and Sugar Pine
White Oak.................................. Bur Oak, Chestnut Oak, Live Oak, Overcup Oak, Post...............................18

.Oak, Swamp Chestnut Oak, Swamp White Oak, White Oak
Yellow Cedar.....................................................................................................................................................18
Yellow Poplar.....................................................................................................................................................19
Table W-2 Design Values for Joists and Rafters - Mechanically Graded Lumber
Machine Stress Rated (MSR) Lumber.............................................................................................................21
Machine Evaluated Lumber (MEL)...................................................................................................................22
DESIGN VALUES FOR JOISTS AND RAFTERS
TABLE W-1 DESIGN VALUES FOR JOISTS AND RAFTERS - VISUALLY GRADED LUMBER1,2
These Fb values are for use where repetitive members are spaced not more than 24 inches. For wider spacing, the Fb values shall be reduced 13%.
Values for surfaced dry or surfaced green lumber apply at 19% maximum moisture content in use.
Design Value in Bending, Fb

Species and Grade
ALASKA CEDAR
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
ALASKA HEMLOCK
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
Fc
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
1,985
1,680
1,380
775
790
1,035
575
290
1,720
1,460
1,195
675
720
1,585
1,345
1,105
620
1,455
1,235
1,010
570
1,325
1,120
920
520
2,280
1,935
1,585
895
910
1,190
660
330
1,975
1,675
1,375
775
825
1,825
1,545
1,270
715
1,675
1,420
1,165
655
1,520
1,290
1,060
595
2,480
2,100
1,725
970
990
1,295
720
360
2,150
1,820
1,495
840
900
1,985
1,680
1,380
775
1,820
1,540
1,265
710
1,655
1,400
1,150
645
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
2,245
1,555
1,425
820
820
1,095
605
290
1,945
1,345
1,235
710
750
1,795
1,240
1,140
655
1,645
1,140
1,045
600
1,495
1,035
950
545
2,580
1,785
1,635
940
945
1,255
695
330
2,235
1,545
1,420
815
860
2,065
1,430
1,310
755
1,890
1,310
1,200
690
1,720
1,190
1,090
630
2,805
1,940
1,780
1,025
1,030
1,365
755
360
2,430
1,680
1,540
890
935
2,245
1,555
1,425
820
2,055
1,425
1,305
750
1,870
1,295
1,185
685
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL
Grading
Rules
Agency
WCLIB
WWPA
2 VISUALLY GRADED LUMBER

Species and Grade
ALASKA SPRUCE
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
ALASKA YELLOW CEDAR
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
Fc
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
2,415
1,640
1,510
865
855
1,150
635
315
2,095
1,420
1,310
750
775
1,930
1,310
1,210
690
1,770
1,200
1,105
635
1,610
1,095
1,005
575
2,775
1,885
1,735
990
980
1,325
725
365
2,405
1,635
1,505
860
895
2,220
1,510
1,390
795
2,035
1,380
1,275
725
1,850
1,255
1,155
660
3,020
2,050
1,885
1,080
1,065
1,440
790
395
2,615
1,775
1,635
935
970
2,415
1,640
1,510
865
2,215
1,500
1,385
790
2,015
1,365
1,260
720
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
2,330
1,555
1,380
820
790
1,065
575
290
2,020
1,345
1,195
710
720
1,865
1,240
1,105
655
1,710
1,140
1,010
600
1,555
1,035
920
545
2,680
1,785
1,585
940
910
1,225
660
330
2,320
1,545
1,375
815
825
2,140
1,430
1,270
755
1,965
1,310
1,165
690
1,785
1,190
1,060
630
2,910
1,940
1,725
1,025
990
1,330
720
360
2,525
1,680
1,495
890
900
2,330
1,555
1,380
820
2,135
1,425
1,265
750
1,940
1,295
1,150
685
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
WWPA
WCLIB
WWPA

Species and Grade
ASPEN
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
BALDCYPRESS
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
Fc
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
1,510
1,080
1,035
605
600
805
430
200
1,310
935
895
525
545
1,210
865
830
485
1,105
790
760
445
1,005
720
690
405
1,735
1,240
1,190
695
690
925
495
230
1,505
1,075
1,030
600
630
1,390
990
950
555
1,275
910
875
510
1,155
825
795
465
1,885
1,350
1,295
755
750
1,005
540
250
1,635
1,170
1,120
655
685
1,510
1,080
1,035
605
1,385
990
950
555
1,260
900
865
505
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
900,000
900,000
900,000
800,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
900,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
2,070
1,725
1,425
820
820
1,065
605
290
1,795
1,495
1,235
710
750
1,655
1,380
1,140
655
1,520
1,265
1,045
600
1,380
1,150
950
545
2,380
1,985
1,635
940
945
1,225
695
330
2,065
1,720
1,420
815
860
1,905
1,585
1,310
755
1,745
1,455
1,200
690
1,585
1,325
1,090
630
2,590
2,155
1,780
1,025
1,030
1,330
755
360
2,245
1,870
1,540
890
935
2,070
1,725
1,425
820
1,900
1,580
1,305
750
1,725
1,440
1,185
685
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
NELMA
NSLB
WWPA
SPIB

Species and Grade
BEECH-BIRCH-HICKORY
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
COAST SITKA SPRUCE
Select Structural
No. 1/No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1/No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1/No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1/No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1/No. 2
No. 3
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
Fc
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
2,500
1,810
1,725
990
980
1,325
750
345
2,170
1,570
1,495
860
890
2,000
1,450
1,380
795
1,835
1,330
1,265
725
1,670
1,210
1,150
660
2,875
2,085
1,985
1,140
1,125
1,520
860
395
2,495
1,805
1,720
990
1,025
2,300
1,665
1,585
915
2,110
1,525
1,455
835
1,920
1,390
1,325
760
3,125
2,265
2,155
1,240
1,225
1,655
935
430
2,710
1,960
1,870
1,075
1,115
2,500
1,810
1,725
990
2,295
1,660
1,580
910
2,085
1,510
1,440
825
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
2,245
1,595
905
915
1,210
690
315
1,945
1,385
785
835
1,795
1,275
725
1,645
1,170
665
1,495
1,065
605
2,580
1,835
1,040
1,055
1,390
795
365
2,235
1,590
905
960
2,065
1,470
835
1,890
1,345
765
1,720
1,225
695
2,805
1,995
1,130
1,145
1,510
865
395
2,430
1,730
980
1,040
2,245
1,595
905
2,055
1,465
830
1,870
1,330
755
455
455
455
455
455
455
455
455
455
455
455
455
455
455
455
455
455
455
455
455
1,700,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,700,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,700,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,700,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,700,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
NELMA
NLGA

Species and Grade
COTTONWOOD
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
DOUGLAS FIR-LARCH
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
Fc
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
1,510
1,080
1,080
605
600
805
460
200
1,310
935
935
525
545
1,210
865
865
485
1,105
790
790
445
1,005
720
720
405
1,735
1,240
1,240
695
690
925
530
230
1,505
1,075
1,075
600
630
1,390
990
990
555
1,275
910
910
510
1,155
825
825
465
1,885
1,350
1,350
755
750
1,005
575
250
1,635
1,170
1,170
655
685
1,510
1,080
1,080
605
1,385
990
990
555
1,260
900
900
505
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
900,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
2,590
2,070
1,725
1,555
905
885
1,150
660
315
2,245
1,795
1,495
1,345
785
805
2,070
1,655
1,380
1,240
725
1,900
1,520
1,265
1,140
665
1,725
1,380
1,150
1,035
605
2,975
2,380
1,985
1,785
1,040
1,020
1,325
760
365
2,580
2,065
1,720
1,545
905
925
2,380
1,905
1,585
1,430
835
2,180
1,745
1,455
1,310
765
1,985
1,585
1,325
1,190
695
3,235
2,590
2,155
1,940
1,130
1,105
1,440
825
395
2,805
2,245
1,870
1,680
980
1,005
2,590
2,070
1,725
1,555
905
2,370
1,900
1,580
1,425
830
2,155
1,725
1,440
1,295
755
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
NSLB
WCLIB
WWPA

Species and Grade
DOUGLAS FIR-LARCH (NORTH)
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1/ No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1/ No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1/ No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1/ No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1/ No. 2
No. 3
DOUGLAS FIR-SOUTH
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
Fc
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
2,330
1,985
1,465
820
820
1,095
605
290
2,020
1,720
1,270
710
750
1,865
1,585
1,175
655
1,710
1,455
1,075
600
1,555
1,325
980
545
2,680
2,280
1,685
940
945
1,255
695
330
2,320
1,975
1,460
815
860
2,140
1,825
1,350
755
1,965
1,675
1,235
690
1,785
1,520
1,125
630
2,910
2,480
1,835
1,025
1,030
1,365
755
360
2,525
2,150
1,590
890
935
2,330
1,985
1,465
820
2,135
1,820
1,345
750
1,940
1,655
1,220
685
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
2,330
1,595
1,465
865
855
1,120
635
290
2,020
1,385
1,270
750
775
1,865
1,275
1,175
690
1,710
1,170
1,075
635
1,555
1,065
980
575
2,680
1,835
1,685
990
980
1,290
725
330
2,320
1,590
1,460
860
895
2,140
1,470
1,350
795
1,965
1,345
1,235
725
1,785
1,225
1,125
660
2,910
1,995
1,835
1,080
1,065
1,400
790
360
2,525
1,730
1,590
935
970
2,330
1,595
1,465
865
2,135
1,465
1,345
790
1,940
1,330
1,220
720
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
NLGA
WWPA

Species and Grade
EASTERN HEMLOCK-BALSAM FIR
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
EASTERN HEMLOCK-TAMARACK
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
Fc
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
2,155
1,335
990
605
570
775
430
200
1,870
1,160
860
525
520
1,725
1,070
795
485
1,580
980
725
445
1,440
890
660
405
2,480
1,535
1,140
695
655
895
495
230
2,150
1,330
990
600
595
1,985
1,230
915
555
1,820
1,125
835
510
1,655
1,025
760
465
2,695
1,670
1,240
755
710
970
540
250
2,335
1,450
1,075
655
645
2,155
1,335
990
605
1,975
1,225
910
555
1,795
1,115
825
505
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
900,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
2,155
1,335
990
605
570
775
430
200
1,870
1,160
860
525
520
1,725
1,070
795
485
1,580
980
725
445
1,440
890
660
405
2,480
1,535
1,140
695
655
895
495
230
2,150
1,330
990
600
595
1,985
1,230
915
555
1,820
1,125
835
510
1,655
1,025
760
465
2,695
1,670
1,240
755
710
970
540
250
2,335
1,450
1,075
655
645
2,155
1,335
990
605
1,975
1,225
910
555
1,795
1,115
825
505
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
900,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
NELMA
NSLB
NELMA
NSLB

Species and Grade
EASTERN SOFTWOODS
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
EASTERN WHITE PINE
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
Fc
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
2,155
1,335
990
605
570
775
430
200
1,870
1,160
860
525
520
1,725
1,070
795
485
1,580
980
725
445
1,440
890
660
405
2,480
1,535
1,140
695
655
895
495
230
2,150
1,330
990
600
595
1,985
1,230
915
555
1,820
1,125
835
510
1,655
1,025
760
465
2,695
1,670
1,240
755
710
970
540
250
2,335
1,450
1,075
655
645
2,155
1,335
990
605
1,975
1,225
910
555
1,795
1,115
825
505
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
900,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
2,155
1,335
990
605
570
775
430
200
1,870
1,160
860
525
520
1,725
1,070
795
485
1,580
980
725
445
1,440
890
660
405
2,480
1,535
1,140
695
655
895
495
230
2,150
1,330
990
600
595
1,985
1,230
915
555
1,820
1,125
835
510
1,655
1,025
760
465
2,695
1,670
1,240
755
710
970
540
250
2,335
1,450
1,075
655
645
2,155
1,335
990
605
1,975
1,225
910
555
1,795
1,115
825
505
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
900,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
NELMA
NSLB
NELMA
NSLB
These Fb values are for use where repetitive members are spaced not more than 24 inches. For wider spacing, Fb values shall be reduced 13%.
Species and Grade
HEM-FIR
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3.
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
HEM-FIR (NORTH)
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1/No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1/No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1/No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1/No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1 & Btr
No. 1/No. 2
No. 3
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
FcA
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
2,415
1,900
1,680
1,465
865
855
1,120
635
290
2,095
1,645
1,460
1,270
750
775
1,930
1,520
1,345
1,175
690
1,770
1,390
1,235
1,075
635
1,610
1,265
1,120
980
575
2,775
2,180
1,935
1,685
990
980
1,290
725
330
2,405
1,890
1,675
1,460
860
895
2,220
1,745
1,545
1,350
795
2,035
1,600
1,420
1,235
725
1,850
1,455
1,290
1,125
660
3,020
2,370
2,100
1,835
1,080
1,065
1,400
790
360
2,615
2,055
1,820
1,590
935
970
2,415
1,900
1,680
1,465
865
2,215
1,740
1,540
1,345
790
2,015
1,580
1,400
1,220
720
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
2,245
2,070
1,725
990
980
1,325
750
345
1,945
1,795
1,495
860
890
1,795
1,655
1,380
795
1,645
1,520
1,265
725
1,495
1,380
1,150
660
2,580
2,380
1,985
1,140
1,125
1,520
860
395
2,235
2,065
1,720
990
1,025
2,065
1,905
1,585
915
1,890
1,745
1,455
835
1,720
1,585
1,325
760
2,805
2,590
2,155
1,240
1,225
1,655
935
430
2,430
2,245
1,870
1,075
1,115
2,245
2,070
1,725
990
2,055
1,900
1,580
910
1,870
1,725
1,440
825
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
1,700,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,700,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,700,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,700,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,700,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
WCLIB
WWPA
NLGA
10
VISUALLY GRADED LUMBER
Species and Grade
MIXED MAPLE
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
MIXED OAK
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
FcA
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
1,725
1,250
1,210
690
695
920
520
260
1,495
1,085
1,045
600
635
1,380
1,000
965
550
1,265
915
885
505
1,150
835
805
460
1,985
1,440
1,390
795
800
1,060
595
300
1,720
1,245
1,205
690
725
1,585
1,150
1,110
635
1,455
1,055
1,020
580
1,325
960
925
530
2,155
1,565
1,510
865
870
1,150
645
325
1,870
1,355
1,310
750
790
1,725
1,250
1,210
690
1,580
1,145
1,105
635
1,440
1,040
1,005
575
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,985
1,425
1,380
820
790
1,065
605
290
1,720
1,235
1,195
710
720
1,585
1,140
1,105
655
1,455
1,045
1,010
600
1,325
950
920
545
2,280
1,635
1,585
940
910
1,225
695
330
1,975
1,420
1,375
815
825
1,825
1,310
1,270
755
1,675
1,200
1,165
690
1,520
1,090
1,060
630
2,480
1,780
1,725
1,025
990
1,330
755
360
2,150
1,540
1,495
890
900
1,985
1,425
1,380
820
1,820
1,305
1,265
750
1,655
1,185
1,150
685
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
800,000
900,000
800,000
800,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
800,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
NELMA
NELMA
11
Species and Grade
MIXED SOUTHERN PINE
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3 and Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3 and Stud
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3 and Stud
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3 and Stud
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3 and Stud
NORTHERN RED OAK
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
Fc
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
2,360
1,670
1,265
750
980
545
260
2,130
1,495
1,150
660
2,015
1,380
1,065
605
1,725
1,210
920
545
1,610
1,120
865
520
2,710
1,920
1,455
860
1,125
630
300
2,445
1,720
1,325
760
2,315
1,585
1,225
695
1,985
1,390
1,060
630
1,850
1,290
990
595
2,945
2,085
1,580
935
1,220
685
325
2,660
1,870
1,440
825
2,515
1,725
1,330
755
2,155
1,510
1,150
685
2,015
1,400
1,080
645
565
565
565
565
565
565
565
565
565
565
565
565
565
565
565
565
565
565
565
565
565
565
565
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
2,415
1,725
1,680
950
950
1,265
720
345
2,095
1,495
1,460
820
865
1,930
1,380
1,345
760
1,770
1,265
1,235
695
1,610
1,150
1,120
635
2,775
1,985
1,935
1,090
1,090
1,455
825
395
2,405
1,720
1,675
945
990
2,220
1,585
1,545
875
2,035
1,455
1,420
800
1,850
1,325
1,290
725
3,020
2,155
2,100
1,185
1,185
1,580
900
430
2,615
1,870
1,820
1,030
1,080
2,415
1,725
1,680
950
2,215
1,580
1,540
870
2,015
1,440
1,400
790
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
SPIB
NELMA

Species and Grade
NORTHERN SPECIES
Select Structural
No. 1/No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1/No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1/No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1/No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1/No. 2
No. 3
NORTHERN WHITE CEDAR
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
Fc
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
1,680
1,080
605
600
805
460
200
1,460
935
525
545
1,345
865
485
1,235
790
445
1,120
720
405
1,935
1,240
695
690
925
530
230
1,675
1,075
600
630
1,545
990
555
1,420
910
510
1,290
825
465
2,100
1,350
755
750
1,005
575
250
1,820
1,170
655
685
1,680
1,080
605
1,540
990
555
1,400
900
505
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
900,000
900,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,335
990
950
560
540
720
405
200
1,160
860
820
485
490
1,070
795
760
450
980
725
695
410
890
660
635
375
1,535
1,140
1,090
645
620
825
465
230
1,330
990
945
560
560
1,230
915
875
515
1,125
835
800
475
1,025
760
725
430
1,670
1,240
1,185
700
670
900
505
250
1,450
1,075
1,030
605
610
1,335
990
950
560
1,225
910
870
515
1,115
825
790
465
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
800,000
700,000
700,000
600,000
600,000
700,000
600,000
600,000
800,000
700,000
700,000
600,000
600,000
800,000
700,000
700,000
600,000
800,000
700,000
700,000
600,000
800,000
700,000
700,000
600,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
NLGA
NELMA
13

Species and Grade
RED MAPLE
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
RED OAK
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
Fc
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
2,245
1,595
1,555
905
885
1,210
660
315
1,945
1,385
1,345
785
805
1,795
1,275
1,240
725
1,645
1,170
1,140
665
1,495
1,065
1,035
605
2,580
1,835
1,785
1,040
1,020
1,390
760
365
2,235
1,590
1,545
905
925
2,065
1,470
1,430
835
1,890
1,345
1,310
765
1,720
1,225
1,190
695
2,805
1,995
1,940
1,130
1,105
1,510
825
395
2,430
1,730
1,680
980
1,005
2,245
1,595
1,555
905
2,055
1,465
1,425
830
1,870
1,330
1,295
755
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,985
1,425
1,380
820
790
1,065
605
290
1,720
1,235
1,195
710
720
1,585
1,140
1,105
655
1,455
1,045
1,010
600
1,325
950
920
545
2,280
1,635
1,585
940
910
1,225
695
330
1,975
1,420
1,375
815
825
1,825
1,310
1,270
755
1,675
1,200
1,165
690
1,520
1,090
1,060
630
2,480
1,780
1,725
1,025
990
1,330
755
360
2,150
1,540
1,495
890
900
1,985
1,425
1,380
820
1,820
1,305
1,265
750
1,655
1,185
1,150
685
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
NELMA
NELMA

Species and Grade
REDWOOD
Clear Structural
Select Structural
Select Structural, open grain
No. 1
No. 1, open grain
No. 2
No. 2, open grain
No. 3
No. 3, open grain
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Clear Structural
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 1, open grain
No. 2
No. 2, open grain
No. 3
No. 3, open grain
Stud
Clear Structural
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 1, open grain
No. 2
No. 2, open grain
No. 3
No. 3, open grain
Clear Structural
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 1, open grain
No. 2
No. 2, open grain
No. 3
No. 3, open grain
Clear Structural
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 1, open grain
No. 2
No. 2, open grain
No. 3
No. 3, open grain
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
3,020
2,330
1,900
1,680
1,335
1,595
1,250
905
735
725
950
520
260
2,615
2,020
1,645
1,460
1,160
1,385
1,085
785
635
660
2,415
1,865
1,520
1,345
1,070
1,275
1,000
725
585
2,215
1,710
1,390
1,235
980
1,170
915
665
540
2,015
1,555
1,265
1,120
890
1,065
835
605
490
3,470
2,680
2,180
1,935
1,535
1,835
1,440
1,040
845
835
1,090
595
300
3,010
2,320
1,890
1,675
1,330
1,590
1,245
905
730
760
2,775
2,140
1,745
1,545
1,230
1,470
1,150
835
675
2,545
1,965
1,600
1,420
1,125
1,345
1,055
765
620
2,315
1,785
1,455
1,290
1,025
1,225
960
695
560
3,775
2,910
2,370
2,100
1,670
1,995
1,565
1,130
915
910
1,185
645
325
3,270
2,525
2,055
1,820
1,450
1,730
1,355
980
795
825
3,020
2,330
1,900
1,680
1,335
1,595
1,250
905
735
2,765
2,135
1,740
1,540
1,225
1,465
1,145
830
670
2,515
1,940
1,580
1,400
1,115
1,330
1,040
755
610
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
Fc
650
650
425
650
425
650
425
650
425
425
425
425
425
650
650
425
650
425
650
425
650
425
425
650
650
425
650
425
650
425
650
425
650
650
425
650
425
650
425
650
425
650
650
425
650
425
650
425
650
425
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,100,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
1,100,000
900,000
900,000
900,000
900,000
800,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,100,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
1,100,000
900,000
900,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,100,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
1,100,000
900,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,100,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
1,100,000
900,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,100,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
1,100,000
900,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
RIS
15
Species and Grade
SOUTHERN PINE
Dense Select Structural
Select Structural
Non-Dense Select Structural
No.1 Dense
No.1
No.1 Non-Dense
No.2 Dense
No.2
No.2 Non-Dense
No.3 and Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No.1 Dense
No.1
No.1 Non-Dense
No.2 Dense
No.2
No.2 Non-Dense
No.3 and Stud
Select Structural
No.1 Dense
No.1
No.1 Non-Dense
No.2 Dense
No.2
No.2 Non-Dense
No.3 and Stud
Select Structural
No.1 Dense
No.1
No.1 Non-Dense
No.2 Dense
No.2
No.2 Non-Dense
No.3 and Stud
Select Structural
No.1 Dense
No.1
No.1 Non-Dense
No.2 Dense
No.2
No.2 Non-Dense
No.3 and Stud
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
3,105
2,705
2,360
1,900
1,725
1,495
1,380
1,265
1,210
750
1,005
545
260
2,760
2,415
2,130
1,725
1,555
1,380
1,210
1,150
1,095
660
2,530
2,245
1,955
1,555
1,440
1,265
1,120
1,065
1,005
605
2,245
1,955
1,725
1,380
1,210
1,095
980
920
865
545
2,070
1,840
1,610
1,265
1,150
1,035
920
865
805
520
3,570
3,110
2,710
2,180
1,985
1,720
1,585
1,455
1,390
860
1,155
630
300
3,175
2,775
2,445
1,985
1,785
1,585
1,390
1,325
1,255
760
2,910
2,580
2,250
1,785
1,655
1,455
1,290
1,225
1,155
695
2,580
2,250
1,985
1,585
1,390
1,255
1,125
1,060
990
630
2,380
2,115
1,850
1,455
1,325
1,190
1,060
990
925
595
3,880
3,380
2,945
2,370
2,155
1,870
1,725
1,580
1,510
935
1,260
685
325
3,450
3,020
2,660
2,155
1,940
1,725
1,510
1,440
1,365
825
3,165
2,805
2,445
1,940
1,795
1,580
1,400
1,330
1,260
755
2,805
2,445
2,155
1,725
1,510
1,365
1,220
1,150
1,080
685
2,590
2,300
2,015
1,580
1,440
1,295
1,150
1,080
1,005
645
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
Fc
660
565
480
660
565
480
660
565
480
565
565
565
565
660
565
480
660
565
480
660
565
480
565
660
565
480
660
565
480
660
565
480
565
660
565
480
660
565
480
660
565
480
565
660
565
480
660
565
480
660
565
480
565
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
SPIB

Species and Grade
SPRUCE-PINE-FIR
Select Structural
No. 1/ No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1/ No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1/ No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1/ No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1/ No. 2
No. 3
SPRUCE-PINE-FIR (SOUTH)
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
Fc
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
2,155
1,510
865
855
1,150
635
315
1,870
1,310
750
775
1,725
1,210
690
1,580
1,105
635
1,440
1,005
575
2,480
1,735
990
980
1,325
725
365
2,150
1,505
860
895
1,985
1,390
795
1,820
1,275
725
1,655
1,155
660
2,695
1,885
1,080
1,065
1,440
790
395
2,335
1,635
935
970
2,155
1,510
865
1,975
1,385
790
1,795
1,260
720
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
2,245
1,510
1,335
775
760
1,005
575
260
1,945
1,310
1,160
675
690
1,795
1,210
1,070
620
1,645
1,105
980
570
1,495
1,005
890
520
2,580
1,735
1,535
895
875
1,155
660
300
2,235
1,505
1,330
775
795
2,065
1,390
1,230
715
1,890
1,275
1,125
655
1,720
1,155
1,025
595
2,805
1,885
1,670
970
950
1,260
720
325
2,430
1,635
1,450
840
865
2,245
1,510
1,335
775
2,055
1,385
1,225
710
1,870
1,260
1,115
645
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
900,000
900,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
NLGA
NELMA
NSLB
WCLIB
WWPA
17

Species and Grade
WESTERN CEDARS
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
WESTERN WOODS
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
Fc
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
1,725
1,250
1,210
690
695
920
520
260
1,495
1,085
1,045
600
635
1,380
1,000
965
550
1,265
915
885
505
1,150
835
805
460
1,985
1,440
1,390
795
800
1,060
595
300
1,720
1,245
1,205
690
725
1,585
1,150
1,110
635
1,455
1,055
1,020
580
1,325
960
925
530
2,155
1,565
1,510
865
870
1,150
645
325
1,870
1,355
1,310
750
790
1,725
1,250
1,210
690
1,580
1,145
1,105
635
1,440
1,040
1,005
575
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
900,000
900,000
900,000
800,000
800,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
900,000
900,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
900,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
900,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
900,000
1,555
1,165
1,165
645
665
890
490
230
1,345
1,010
1,010
560
605
1,240
930
930
520
1,140
855
855
475
1,035
775
775
430
1,785
1,340
1,340
745
765
1,025
560
265
1,545
1,160
1,160
645
695
1,430
1,070
1,070
595
1,310
980
980
545
1,190
895
895
495
1,940
1,455
1,455
810
830
1,115
610
290
1,680
1,260
1,260
700
755
1,555
1,165
1,165
645
1,425
1,065
1,065
595
1,295
970
970
540
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
900,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
WCLIB
WWPA
WCLIB
WWPA

Species and Grade
WHITE OAK
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
YELLOW CEDAR
Select Structural
No. 1/ No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1/ No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1/ No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1/ No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1/ No. 2
No. 3
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
Fc
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
2,070
1,510
1,465
820
820
1,095
605
290
1,795
1,310
1,270
710
750
1,655
1,210
1,175
655
1,520
1,105
1,075
600
1,380
1,005
980
545
2,380
1,735
1,685
940
945
1,255
695
330
2,065
1,505
1,460
815
860
1,905
1,390
1,350
755
1,745
1,275
1,235
690
1,585
1,155
1,125
630
2,590
1,885
1,835
1,025
1,030
1,365
755
360
2,245
1,635
1,590
890
935
2,070
1,510
1,465
820
1,900
1,385
1,345
750
1,725
1,260
1,220
685
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
800,000
900,000
800,000
800,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
800,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
2,070
1,380
820
790
1,065
605
290
1,795
1,195
710
720
1,655
1,105
655
1,520
1,010
600
1,380
920
545
2,380
1,585
940
910
1,225
695
330
2,065
1,375
815
825
1,905
1,270
755
1,745
1,165
690
1,585
1,060
630
2,590
1,725
1,025
990
1,330
755
360
2,245
1,495
890
900
2,070
1,380
820
1,900
1,265
750
1,725
1,150
685
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
NELMA
NLGA
19

Species and Grade
YELLOW POPLAR
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Stud
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Size
2x4
2x6
2x8
2x10
2x12
Normal
Duration
Snow
Loading
7-Day
Loading
1,725
1,250
1,210
690
695
920
520
230
1,495
1,085
1,045
600
635
1,380
1,000
965
550
1,265
915
885
505
1,150
835
805
460
1,985
1,440
1,390
795
800
1,060
595
265
1,720
1,245
1,205
690
725
1,585
1,150
1,110
635
1,455
1,055
1,020
580
1,325
960
925
530
2,155
1,565
1,510
865
870
1,150
645
290
1,870
1,355
1,310
750
790
1,725
1,250
1,210
690
1,580
1,145
1,105
635
1,440
1,040
1,005
575
Compression
Modulus of
perpendicular
Elasticity,
to grain,
E
Fc
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
NSLB
TABLE W-1 FOOTNOTES - VISUALLY GRADED LUMBER

1. When dimension lumber is used where moisture content will exceed 19% for an extended time period, Fb
shall be multiplied by 0.85 if Fb exceeds 1150 psi, and E shall be multiplied by 0.9.
2. Following is a list of agencies certified by the American Lumber Standard Committee Board of Review
(as of 2011) for inspection and grading of untreated lumber under the rules indicated. For the most up-to-date
list of certified agencies contact:
American Lumber Standard Committee
P.O. Box 210

Germantown, Maryland 20874
www.alsc.org
Rules for which grading

is authorized
Rules Writing Agencies
Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers Association .(NELMA)....NELMA, NLGA, NSLB, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA
272 Tuttle Road, P.O. Box 87A, Cumberland Center, Maine 04021
Northern Softwood Lumber Bureau (NSLB).......................................................... NLGA, NSLB,WCLIB,WWPA
272 Tuttle Road, P.O. Box 87A, Cumberland Center, Maine 04021
Redwood Inspection Service (RIS).........................................................................................RIS, WCLIB, WWPA
818 Grayson Road, Suite 201, Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB)....................................NELMA, NLGA, NSLB, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA
4709 Scenic Highway, Pensacola, Florida 32504
West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (WCLIB).......................................... NLGA, RIS, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA
6980 SW Varnes Road, P.O. Box 23145, Tigard, Oregon 97223
Western Wood Products Association (WWPA)...............................NELMA, NLGA, RIS, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA
522 S.W. 5th Avenue, Yeon Building, Portland, OR 97204
National Lumber Grades Authority (NLGA)
13401-108th Avenue, Suite 105, Surrey, BC, Canada V3T 5T3
Non-Rules Writing Agencies
American Institute of Timber Construction............................................................. NLGA, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA

Continental Inspection Agency, LLC.........................................................................NLGA, RIS, WCLIB, WWPA
Pacific Lumber Inspection Bureau, Inc......................................................................NLGA, RIS, WCLIB, WWPA
Renewable Resource Associates, Inc..........................................NELMA, NLGA, NSLB, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA
Stafford Inspection and Consulting, LLC...................................NELMA, NLGA, NSLB, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA
Timber Products Inspection................................................ NELMA, NLGA, NSLB, RIS, SPIB,WCLIB, WWPA
Alberta Forest Products Association............................................................................................................... NLGA
Canadian Mill Services Association..................................................................................................NLGA, WWPA
Canadian Softwood Inspection Agency, Inc.......................................................................NLGA, WCLIB, WWPA
Central Forest Products Association................................................................................................NELMA, NLGA
Council of Forest Industries..............................................................................................................NLGA, WWPA
Macdonald Inspection.........................................................................................................NLGA, WCLIB, WWPA
Maritime Lumber Bureau................................................................................................................NELMA, NLGA
Newfoundland and Labrador Lumber Producers Association........................................................................ NLGA
Ontario Forest Industries Association Home of CLA Grading and Inspection...........................NELMA, NLGA
Ontario Lumber Manufacturers Agency.........................................................................................NELMA, NLGA
Quebec Forest Industry Council......................................................................................................NELMA, NLGA
21
TABLE W-2 DESIGN VALUES FOR JOISTS AND RAFTERS - MECHANICALLY GRADED LUMBER1,2
Modulus of Elasticity,
Grade Designation
Size
Normal
Snow
7-Day
E
Duration Loading Loading
MACHINE STRESS RATED (MSR) LUMBER

750f-1.4E
865
990
850f-1.4E
980
1,125
900f-1.0E
1,035
1,190
975f-1.6E
1,120
1,290
1050f-1.2E
1,210
1,390
1050f-1.6E
1,210
1,390
1200f-1.2E
1,380
1,585
1200f-1.3E
1,380
1,585
1200f-1.6E
1,380
1,585
1250f-1.4E
1,440
1,655
1250f-1.6E
1,440
1,655
1350f-1.3E
1,555
1,785
1350f-1.4E
1,555
1,785
1400f-1.2E
1,610
1,850
1450f-1.3E
1,670
1,920
1450f-1.3E
1,670
1,920
1450f-1.5E
1,670
1,920
1500f-1.4E
1,725
1,985
1500f-1.5E
1,725
1,985
1500f-1.6E
1,725
1,985
1500f-1.7E
1,725
1,985
1600f-1.4E
1,840
2,115
1650f-1.3E
1,900
2,180
1650f-1.5E
1,900
2,180
2x4 and
1650f-1.6E
1,900
2,180
wider
1650f-1.7E
1,900
2,180
1700f-1.6E
1,955
2,250
1800f-1.5E
2,070
2,380
1800f-1.6E
2,070
2,380
1800f-1.8E
2,070
2,380
1800f-2.0E
2,070
2,380
1850f-1.7E
2,130
2,445
1950f-1.5E
2,245
2,580
1950f-1.7E
2,245
2,580
2000f-1.6E
2,300
2,645
2100f-1.8E
2,415
2,775
2250f-1.7E
2,590
2,975
2250f-1.8E
2,590
2,975
2250f-1.9E
2,590
2,975
2400f-1.8E
2,760
3,175
2400f-2.0E
2,760
3,175
2500f-2.2E
2,875
3,305
2550f-1.8E
2,935
3,370
2550f-2.1E
2,935
3,370
2700f-2.0E
3,105
3,570
2700f-2.2E
3,105
3,570
2850f-1.8E
3,280
3,770
2850f-2.3E
3,280
3,770
3000f-2.4E
3,450
3,970
1,080
1,220
1,295
1,400
1,510
1,510
1,725
1,725
1,725
1,795
1,795
1,940
1,940
2,015
2,085
2,085
2,085
2,155
2,155
2,155
2,155
2,300
2,370
2,370
2,370
2,370
2,445
2,590
2,590
2,590
2,590
2,660
2,805
2,805
2,875
3,020
3,235
3,235
3,235
3,450
3,450
3,595
3,665
3,665
3,880
3,880
4,095
4,095
4,315
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,000,000
1,600,000
1,200,000
1,600,000
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,300,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,500,000
1,600,000
1,700,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,500,000
1,600,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
2,000,000
1,700,000
1,500,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,800,000
1,900,000
1,800,000
2,000,000
2,200,000
1,800,000
2,100,000
2,000,000
2,200,000
1,800,000
2,300,000
2,400,000
Grading Rules Agency
WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB

NLGA, WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB
WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
WCLIB
SPIB
SPIB
NLGA
SPIB
WCLIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
NLGA
NLGA
NLGA, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB
WCLIB
SPIB
WCLIB
NLGA
WCLIB
WCLIB
SPIB
SPIB
NLGA
NLGA
NLGA, WCLIB
NLGA
WCLIB
SPIB
WCLIB
SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
1. COMPRESSION PERPENDICULAR TO GRAIN, Fc. Design values for compression perpendicular to grain, Fc, are
identical to the design values given in Table W1 for No. 2 visually graded lumber of the appropriate species. When the Fc values
shown on the grade stamp differ from the values shown in Table W1, the values shown on the grade stamp shall be used for design.
2. MODULUS OF ELASTICITY, E. For any given bending design value, Fb, the average modulus of elasticity, E, design value
may vary depending upon species, timber source or other variables. The E values included in the Fb-E grade designations in Table
W2 are those usually associated with each Fb level. Grade stamps may show higher or lower values if machine rating indicates the
assignment is appropriate. When the E values shown on a grade stamp differ from the values in Table W2, the values shown on the
grade stamp shall be used for design.
22 MECHANICALLY GRADED LUMBER
TABLE W-2 DESIGN VALUES FOR JOISTS AND RAFTERS - MECHANICALLY GRADED LUMBER1,2

Grade Designation
Size
Normal
Snow
Duration Loading
MACHINE EVALUATED LUMBER (MEL)
M-5
1,035
1,190
M-6
1,265
1,455
M-7
1,380
1,585
M-8
1,495
1,720
M-9
1,610
1,850
M-10
1,610
1,850
M-11
1,785
2,050
M-12
1,840
2,115
M-13
1,840
2,115
M-14
2,070
2,380
M-15
2,070
2,380
M-16
2,070
2,380
2,245
2,580
M-17
M-18
2,300
2,645
M-19
2,300
2,645
2,300
2,645
M-20
M-21
2,645
3,040
M-22
2,705
3,110
2x4 and
M-23
2,760
3,175
wider
M-24
3,105
3,570
M-25
3,165
3,635
M-26
3,220
3,705
3,450
3,970
M-27
M-28
2,530
2,910
M-29
1,785
2,050
M-30
2,360
2,710
M-31
3,280
3,770
M-32
865
990
M-33
980
1,125
M-34
1,120
1,290
M-35
1,210
1,390
M-36
1,380
1,585
M-37
1,440
1,655
M-38
1,725
1,985
M-39
1,900
2,180
M-40
2,130
2,445
7-Day
Loading
1,295
1,580
1,725
1,870
2,015
2,015
2,230
2,300
2,300
2,590
2,590
2,590
2,805
2,875
2,875
2,875
3,305
3,380
3,450
3,880
3,955
4,025
4,315
3,165
2,230
2,945
4,095
1,080
1,220
1,400
1,510
1,725
1,795
2,155
2,370
2,660
Modulus of Elasticity,
E
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,100,000
1,300,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,500,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,700,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,700,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,900,000
1,900,000
1,700,000
1,800,000
1,900,000
2,200,000
2,000,000
2,100,000
1,700,000
1,700,000
1,700,000
1,900,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,600,000
1,600,000
1,600,000
1,600,000
1,700,000
1,700,000
Grading Rules Agency
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
1. COMPRESSION PERPENDICULAR TO GRAIN, Fc. Design values for compression perpendicular to grain, Fc, are identical
to the design values given in Table W1 for No. 2 visually graded lumber of the appropriate species. When the Fc values shown on the
grade stamp differ from the values shown in Table W1, the values shown on the grade stamp shall be used for design.
2. MODULUS OF ELASTICITY, E. For any given bending design value, Fb, the average modulus of elasticity, E, design value
may vary depending upon species, timber source or other variables. The E values included in the Fb-E grade designations in Table W2
are those usually associated with each Fb level. Grade stamps may show higher or lower values if machine rating indicates the assignment is appropriate. When the E values shown on a grade stamp differ from the values in Table W2, the values shown on the grade
stamp shall be used for design.

AWC Mission Statement
To increase the use of wood by assuring the broad
regulatory acceptance of wood products, developing
design tools and guidelines for wood construction,
and influencing the development of public policies
affecting the use and manufacture of wood products.

222 Catoctin Circle, SE, Suite 201
Leesburg, VA 20175
info@awc.org
www.awc.org
05-15

Awc Spantables2015 DVJR 1505

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DESIGN VALUES FOR

JOISTS AND RAFTERS

Updates and Errata

DESIGN VALUES FOR

While every effort has been made to insure

DESIGN VALUES FOR JOISTS AND RAFTERS

Design Value in Bending, Fb

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

2 VISUALLY GRADED LUMBER

Design Value in Bending, Fb

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

DESIGN VALUES FOR JOISTS AND RAFTERS

Design Value in Bending, Fb

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

4 VISUALLY GRADED LUMBER

Design Value in Bending, Fb

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

DESIGN VALUES FOR JOISTS AND RAFTERS

Design Value in Bending, Fb

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

6 VISUALLY GRADED LUMBER

Design Value in Bending, Fb

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

DESIGN VALUES FOR JOISTS AND RAFTERS

Design Value in Bending, Fb

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

8 VISUALLY GRADED LUMBER

Design Value in Bending, Fb

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

DESIGN VALUES FOR JOISTS AND RAFTERS

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

VISUALLY GRADED LUMBER

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

DESIGN VALUES FOR JOISTS AND RAFTERS

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

12 VISUALLY GRADED LUMBER

Design Value in Bending, Fb

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

DESIGN VALUES FOR JOISTS AND RAFTERS

Design Value in Bending, Fb

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

14 VISUALLY GRADED LUMBER

Design Value in Bending, Fb

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

DESIGN VALUES FOR JOISTS AND RAFTERS

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

16 VISUALLY GRADED LUMBER

Design Value in Bending, Fb

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

DESIGN VALUES FOR JOISTS AND RAFTERS

Design Value in Bending, Fb

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

18 VISUALLY GRADED LUMBER

Design Value in Bending, Fb

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

DESIGN VALUES FOR JOISTS AND RAFTERS

Design Value in Bending, Fb

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

20 VISUALLY GRADED LUMBER

TABLE W-1 FOOTNOTES - VISUALLY GRADED LUMBER

P.O. Box 210

Rules for which grading

Rules Writing Agencies