CONCEPT MATRIX: The Effect of Technology on Society

TITLE OF
ARTICLES

AUTHORS:
(As in citation)
As
references

The influence of robots on the

human society

Chen, David and Gligorescu

(2011).

Digital Computer: Impact on

the Social Sciences

From Impact to Social Process:

Computers in Society and Culture

Gigerenzer (2001).

Edwards (1994).

A Model for Investigating the

Effects of Machine Autonomy on
Human Behavior

THE IMPACT OF COMPUTER

IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY
LIKE NIGERIA

Onasanya (2002).
Nickerson and Reilly (2004).

Chen, H., David, M. &

Gigerenzer, G. (2001).

Edwards, P.N. (1994). From

Nickerson, J.V. & Reilly, R.R.

Onasyanya, S.A. (2002).

Gligorescu, A. (2011). Basic

Digital Computer: Impact

Impact to Social Process:

(2004). Proceedings of the

The Impact of Computer in

th

Studies in Natural Sciences,

on the Social Sciences.

Computers in Society and

37 Hawaii International

a Developing Country Like

The Influences

Elsevier, Amsterdam:

Culture.

Conference

Nigeria,

of Robots on the

International

Human Society. Helsinki:

Encyclopedia of the Social

Universitas Roskildensis.

Beverly Hills, CA:

Sage Publications. 12, 5-20.

of System

Nigerian Journal

Sciences, A model for

of Research and

and Behavioral Sciences.

Investigating the Effects of

Production. 1, 93-94.

6, 2684-3688.

Machine Autonomy on
Human Behavior.
New Jersey: Stevens
Institute of Technology.

What is the
objective of the
study?

The following report presents

how robots influenced the
human society along history,
with the focus on the three
studied time periods of robot
development: inception period

To determine the impact

computers had on society and
science was diffi cult to
imagine, and we may be in the
same position with respect to
the future.

To explore some of the significant

social effects of digital computers
and some of the social forces
shaping their development.

To propose a model for research

surrounding the effects of
machine autonomy on human
behavior. We wish to understand
how teams that include both
autonomous
machines
and

The paper assesses various

roles of computers in a
developing country. These
include the use of computers
for instructional delivery, for

(1950 1970), development

period (1970 2000) and
innovation period (2000
future).

Is there a
hypothesis?
If so, what is
the hypothesis?

What is the
methodology?

What is the
result of the
study?

No hypothesis

No hypothesis

To highlight how media

presented robots in the three
studied periods of robot
development (inception,
development and innovation
period) we will concentrate on
the early science fiction
literature and movies, as well as
on some newspaper articles
belonging to the studied periods

Computers transformed our

world, in reality and fiction:
from online library catalogues
and the World Wide Web to
the vision of machines that will
eventually surpass humans in
intelligence and even replace
us
by
self-replicating
computers
divorced
from
biological evolution

First, it offers the uninitiated a point

of entry into some of the vast
literature on computers and society.
Second and more importantly, it
provides a historical and social
analysis that treats computers not
merely as causes but also as
effects of social trends.

As a result of advances in the

field of robotics and good
interaction between humans
and robots we can predict that
the robots will continue to affect
our lives in an overall positive
way by ensuring the quality of
our lives.

The invention of the modern

computer
has
increased
interdisciplinarity through the
creation of cognitive science,
consisting
of
artificial
intelligence,
psychology,
philosophy,linguistics,
anthropology & neuroscience.

The result shows that neither a

social impacts nor a social
products approach will produce an
adequate picture of this interaction;
only Edwards 33 From Impact to
Social Process an image of
technological change as a social
process is likely to be robust
enough to capture the flavor of how
computers work in society.

No hypothesis

humans interact. We initially

focus on a specific problem
how humans respond when
confronted with conflicting advice
from a machine and another
human.

information processing, for

graphic
production
and
presentations,
and
for
communication among others.
It also suggested ways through
which Nigeria could respond to
this great challenge.

No hypothesis

No hypothesis

The model synthesizes research

from several different fields,
including machine autonomy,
affect, initial trust, individual
differences, and training. The
model is explained, and a set of
propositions is described. The
model is used to analyze the
case of an air collision in which
machines and humans provided
conflicting advice. The model is
also applied to situations in
which unmanned aerial vehicles
and piloted aircraft seek to avoid
collisions with each other
That we have raised important
and testable research questions.
We
have
surveyed
and
synthesized a wide range of
approaches to these questions.
And we have outlined a clear,
systematic way of beginning to
answer these questions. These
answers will be useful to a broad
range of researchers.

Computer has been described

as an automatic electronic
machine
that
performs
calculation. It is capable of
accepting data, and performing
operation
according
to
instruction (programme), and
providing
result
of
the
operation with great speed and
accuracy

Government should remove or

at least reduce the high import
duties on computer equipment.
Another index, through which
governments lack of policy on
computerization
is
being
measured, is the fact that
government's
owned
parasatals have been at the
bottom of the list of institutions
installing computers. They
have surrendered the initiative
to the private sector, where the
banks and oil companies have

headed the way

What does the

author
conclude based
on the result of
the study?

Keywords

The author concluded that the

development of robots was
slower in the inception period
and much accelerated in the
development and evolution
period as a result of new
technology developments and
artificial intelligence progress.

Intelligence,
technology

development,

The authors show that the

computer revolutionized our
conception of mind and society
if we use the original meaning
of the terma re-volution, that
is, a
return
to
earlier
conceptions

After the study, the author

concluded that these three brief
case studies bring into relief the
interaction of technology with
politics, society, and culture as
computers increasingly permeate
industrialized societies. Computers
rarely cause social change in the
direct sense implied by the impact
model, but they often create
pressures and possibilities to which
social systems respond. Computers
affect society through an interactive
process of social construction.

Computer, technology, mind

Revolution , WW1, computer

The author concluded that

the problem of how we delegate
and intervene with a machine
affects society as a whole. Our
culture is built on our ability to
trust and coordinate with each
other. The
introduction
of
autonomous machines means
we have to look harder at trust,
delegation, and intervention.
Without thoughtful research, we
will find ourselves reacting to
changes brought about by
technology. We will be better off
if we anticipate then we will be
prepared
to
design
our
machines, as well as the training
and policies which surround the
ways we interact.
Autonomy, collision, human
behavior

The reality is that the Nigerian

economy is in a shambles and
following the large devaluation
of the Nigeria currency, buyers
could hard-pressed to spend
more on computers. But while
computer users and vendors
should continue to encourage
the public on the wonders of
information technology, the
government could supplement
efforts by positively reviewing
the policies on the importation
of computer equipment coming
into the country.

Nigeria, government,
computers