Sunteți pe pagina 1din 8

TO-INFINITIVES - GERUNDS - OR BARE-INFINITIVES?

NguyenDach
I.

Some verbs require a to-inf. but some require a gerund or a bare inf.
TO-INFINITIVES
Ex: We had planned to leave the day before yesterday.
I am to go now.
VERBS + TO-INF.
VERBS + TO-INF.
agree (ong y)
want (muon)
expect (mong i)
dare (dam, thach o)
hope (hy vong)
desire (them, muon)
learn (hoc)
endeavour (co gang)
promise (ha)
guarantee (bao am)
tend (co khuynh
mean (ngu y)
hng)
offer (tang, hien)
decide (quyet nh)
pretend (lam bo)
fail (that bai, hong)
swear (the)
intend (nh)
undertake (nhan,am
plan (hoach nh)
nhiem)
refuse (t choi)
would like(thch)
wish (ao c)
care(can)
try (co gang)
be(phai)
...
* Notes: Some other uses of to-inf.

1.
S + BE + ADJ. + TO-INF.
(IT + BE + ADJ. + TO-INF.)

Ex:

- I am happy to hear it.


- Its interesting to see that film.

2.
Ex: She asked me to buy this book.
*VERBS: teach(day) prefer (thch hn) like(thch)

request(yeu cau)
order(ra lenh) warn(canh bao) advise(khuyen) allow(cho phep) beg(nai
n) ask(yeu cau) tell(bao) wish(c,muon) invite(mi)...
3. BE LIKELY + TO-INF.
Ex: It isnt likely to rain.
(Khong chac g tri
ma)
4. S + VERB + IT + C / PRO(NOUN) +
TO-INF.
Ex: I count it an honour to serve you.
(Toi xem viec phuc vu anh la mot vinh d)
The teacher warned his students not to be late.(Thay giao canh cao hoc
sinh la ng tre.)
*VERBS: acknowledge(nhn nhan) believe(tin tng) consider(xem, coi)
count(ke, coi) declare(tuyen bo) deny(t choi) esteem(anh gia, cho la)
fancy(tin tng, ngh) - feel(cam thay) find(tm thay) guess(oan) report(ke,tng thuat) see(nhan thay) imagine(tng tng) ...
5.
IT IS/WAS + ADJ. + OF + SOMEONE + TO-INF.
adjectives: nice(tot) kind(t te) genrerous (rong
lng) polite(lch s, le phep) good(tot) mean(bun xn, kem
coi) silly(kh dai, ng ngan) careless(s suat, cau tha)
clever(kheo leo) wrong(sai) stupid(ngu dai)...
Ex: It was stupid of me to say that.
S + V + O + TO-INF.

6. TO INF. CAN TALK ABOUT A PERSONS PURPOSE.


Ex: Shes saving up to buy a motorbike.
II.

GERUNDS
Ex: He enjoys travelling by plane.
VERBS + GERUND
VERBS + GERUNDS
enjoy(thch)
risk(lieu)
admit(nhan, nhn
appreciate(anh gia
nhan)
cao)
avoid(tranh)
consider(xem xet)
deny(choi, phu
practise(thc hanh)
nhan)
regret(tiec, lay lam
finish(hoan thanh)
tiec)
quit(bo, t bo)
stop(dng)
mind(quan tam,
suggest(e ngh)
phien)
in volve(gom)
imagine(tng tng) postpone(tr hoan)
miss(bo l)
mention(e cap en)
fancy(cho rang/tng ...
tng)
continue(tiep tuc)
escape(tron thoat,
thoat)
* Notes: Some other uses of Gerunds
1. PREPOSITIONS + GERUND
Ex: We are interested in reading picture books.
I am looking forward to seeing you.
She spoke about swimming.
2. WORDS + GERUND
worth(ang, ang c) busy(ban ron)
near(gan)
- to have difficulty= to have a hard time(gap kho
khan)
Ex: He is busy writing.
She was near dying.
3. IDIOMS + GERUND
cannot bear/stand(khong chu c) cannot
help(khong tranh/nhn c)there is(co) there is
no(khong co) there is much(co nhieu) there is
little(co t) it is no use(khong co ch li g) it is no
good(Chang tot, chang ch g)...
Ex: I cannot help laughing at him.
There is talking in the next room.
It is no use saying that.
4. VERBS + GERUND ( passive meaning )
need(can) want(can) bear(nen) merit(xng
ang) require(can)
Ex: My shoes want repairing.
The house needs painting.
5. PERCEPTION VERBS + GERUND
see(thay) hear(nghe) smell(ngi) taste(nem)
touch(s)

notice(chu y) feel(cam thay)...


Ex: I heard him playing the guitar last night.

III.

BARE - INFINITIVES
1.
SPECIAL VERBS + BARE-INF.
(may, can, must...)
Ex: You must do your homework.
2.
WOULD RATHER / HAD BETTER + BARE-INF
Ex: You had better not go swimming today.
3.
S + V + O + BARE-INF.
Verbs: make(lam cho) let(e) bade(bao) - h ave(nh)...
Ex: We let him go.
She had a boy repair her bike.
Notes:
a.
VERBS + GERUND OR TO-INF.(without much difference of
meaning)
* begin love continue hate prefer start like ...
Ex: He began looking / to look for a job six months ago.
b.
HELP + TO-INF./ BARE-INF.( without difference of meaning)
Ex: Ill help you carry / to carry your bag.
c. STOP
* Stop + gerund - I stopped smoking. ( Toi dng viec hut thuoc.)
* Stop + to-inf.
- I stopped to smoke. ( Toi dng viec g e hut
thuoc.)
d. TRY
* Try + gerund : th... Try phoning his home number.
* Try + to-inf. : co gang I try not to laugh.
e.
VERBS + GERUND OR TO-INF.
* intend learn - omit (bo sot) forget cease(thoi) regret (tiec)
neglect(chenh mang) dread(kinh s)...
+ Gerunds say about something we have already done.
+ To-infs. say about something we have to do now, or we are going to do.
Ex: I remember hearing her play Diem xa.
( Toi nh a nghe co ay chi bai Diem xa.)
Please remember to bring your wife along.
( Nh a v anh i cung.)

TO INFINITIVES, BARE INFINITIVES, OR GERUNDS?

A. Complete the sentences, using the verbs in the brackets in the to infinitives, bare infinitives,
or gerunds. Sometimes two answers are possible.
1. I hate (work) at weekends.
2. Would you like (come) to a disco this evening?
3. Can I help you (move) your things?
4. I had hoped (see) the musical Rainbow, but I couldnt (get) any
tickets.
5. Stop (make) so much noise. People are trying (sleep)
.
6. Would you like something (drink) ?
7. You should (try) to avoid (drive) through the citycenter at the
rush hour.
8. I want a few days (think) about their offer before ( make) a
decision.
9. What time do you need (leave) (catch) your bus?
10. Its unusal for him(be) ill.
11. It was horrible to work as an au pair. My family expected me (work) seven days a week.
12. Do you prefer (ski) to (ice-skate) ?
13. Im very fond of (walk) by the sea.
14. I rang the door bell, but no one seemed (be) at home.
15. It was good of you (explain) everything to me.
B. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct form (gerund or to-infinitive).
1. Don't forget to phone your mother, (phone)
2. I love being on my own and ..listening,, to music, (be/listen)
3. Do you want . tonight? (go out)
4. Would you like.. to the beach this afternoon? (go)
5. I remembered. all the doors but I forgot. .. the lights, (lock/turn off)
6. Are you planning ..
on holiday this year? (go)
7. He agreed ..
me after I wrote him a letter, (see)
8. I enjoy.. your letters very much, (read)
9. We like.. here but we miss .. to our old friends, (live/talk)
10. I'd like.. a job with a foreign company, (get)
11. I'm going to learn ..Spanish before we go to Spain for our holidays next year, (speak)
12. Matthew suggested.. for a meal but I wanted.. at home, (go out/stay)
13. I don't like ..violent films, (watch)
14. When I was a child, I hated.. in the dark, (sleep)
15. She finished.. the book but then she decided..
another one. (write/start)
16. We're hoping....
the house next week, (finish/paint)
17. Do you miss.. in the evenings now that you have children? (go/out)
18. I am hoping .. at the factory soon.(stop/work)
19. He's very mean - he never offers ..for anything, (pay)
20. I tried ..sugar in my tea but I didn't like it.
(give up/take)
TO INFINITIVES, BARE INFINITIVES, OR GERUNDS?

A. Complete the sentences, using the verbs in the brackets in the to


infinitives, bare infinitives,
or gerunds. Sometimes two answers are possible.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

I hate (work) at weekends.


Would you like (come) to a disco this evening?
Can I help you (move) your things?
I had hoped (see) the musical Rainbow, but I couldnt (get) any tickets.
Stop (make) so much noise. People are trying (sleep) .
Would you like something (drink) ?

7. You should (try) to avoid (drive) through the citycenter at the


rush hour.
8. I want a few days (think) about their offer before ( make) a
decision.
9. What time do you need (leave) (catch) your bus?
10. Its unusal for him(be) ill.
11. It was horrible to work as an au pair. My family expected me (work) seven days a week.
12. Do you prefer (ski) to (ice-skate) ?
13. Im very fond of (walk) by the sea.
14. I rang the door bell, but no one seemed (be) at home.
15. It was good of you (explain) everything to me.
B. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct form (gerund or to-infinitive).
1. Don't forget to phone your mother, (phone)
2. I love being on my own and ..listening,, to music, (be/listen)
3. Do you want . tonight? (go out)
4. Would you like.. to the beach this afternoon? (go)
5. I remembered. all the doors but I forgot. .. the lights, (lock/turn off)
6. Are you planning ..
on holiday this year? (go)
7. He agreed ..
me after I wrote him a letter, (see)
8. I enjoy.. your letters very much, (read)
9. We like.. here but we miss .. to our old friends, (live/talk)
10. I'd like.. a job with a foreign company, (get)
11. I'm going to learn ..Spanish before we go to Spain for our holidays next year, (speak)
12. Matthew suggested.. for a meal but I wanted.. at home, (go out/stay)
13. I don't like ..violent films, (watch)
14. When I was a child, I hated.. in the dark, (sleep)
15. She finished.. the book but then she decided..
another one. (write/start)
16. We're hoping....
the house next week, (finish/paint)
17. Do you miss.. in the evenings now that you have children? (go/out)
18. I am hoping .. at the factory soon.(stop/work)
19. He's very mean - he never offers ..for anything, (pay)
20. I tried ..sugar in my tea but I didn't like it.
(give up/take)
B. Choose the correct answer.
1. Do you like money?
a. borrow
b. to borrow
c. borrowing
2. My girlfriend persuade me my hair cut.
a. have
b. to have
c. having
3. I used running every morning, but I never go now.
a. go
b. to go
c. going
4. I have decided for a new job.
a. look
b. to look
c. looking
5. You neednt me back that magazine. Ive finished with it.
a. give
b. to give
c. giving
6. You must always remember your car locked.
a. keep
b. to keep
c. keeping
7. Its very late. We really must going.

a. be
b. to be
c. being
8. How about tennis at the weekend?
a. play
b. to play
c. playing
9. You shouldnt encourage anyone .
a. smoke
b. to smoke
c. smoking
10. Im not very good at speeches.
a. make
b. to make
c. making
11. Going to the dentist always makes me nervous.
a. feel
b. to feel
c. feeling
12. I stopped writing the phone.
a. answer
b. to answer
c. answering
13. I dont particularly enjoy
a. cook
b. to cook
c. cooking
14. Jannet promised anyone what Id said.
a. not tell
b. not t tell
c. to not tell
15. Its a lovely morning. Why dont we for a walk?
a. go
b. to go
c. going

Writing
TO-INFINITIVE
Use these cues to write sentences
1. we / glad / see / you
.....................................................................................
2. It / nice / you / say so
.....................................................................................
3. Film / interesting / watch
.....................................................................................
4. father / not / have time / read / newspaper
..................................................................................
5. I wish / have / enough money / buy / new bicycle
.........................................................................
6. We listen / music / relax
.....................................................................................
7. Get good marks / we have / study hard

8. I went / post office / post / letter


.....................................................................................
9. He / telephone / invite / me / party
.....................................................................................
10. She / going / Britain / learn / English
.....................................................................................
11. I / phoned / her / tell / her / the good news
.....................................................................................
12. I / saving money / buy / cassette player
.....................................................................................
13. She / practices / sing / all day / win / singing contest
....................................................................
14. I / learning French / sing / French songs
.....................................................................................
15. Monitor / always / go / class / on time / set a good example / class
..
16. We went / bed early / in order / get / early / next morning
...................................................................................................................................
17. He worked hard / so as / pass exam.
.............................................................................................................................
18. You / study hard / please / parents
..............................................................................................................
19. In order / be / good student / you / follow / teachers advice
........................................................................................................................
20. Protect yourself / rain / bring / umbrella

........................................................................................................................

TO INFINITIVES, BARE INFINITIVES, OR GERUNDS?

A. Complete the sentences, using the verbs in the brackets in the to


infinitives, bare infinitives,
or gerunds. Sometimes two answers are possible.
1. I hate (work) at weekends.
2. Would you like (come) to a disco this evening?
3. Can I help you (move) your things?
4. I had hoped (see) the musical Rainbow, but I couldnt (get)
any tickets.
5. Stop (make) so much noise. People are trying (sleep)
.
6. Would you like something (drink) ?
7. You should (try) to avoid (drive) through the
citycenter at the rush hour.
8. I want a few days (think) about their offer before ( make)
a decision.
9. What time do you need (leave) (catch)
your bus?
10. Its unusal for him(be) ill.
11. It was horrible to work as an au pair. My family expected me (work)
seven days a week.
12. Do you prefer (ski) to (ice-skate) ?
13. Im very fond of (walk) by the sea.
14. I rang the door bell, but no one seemed (be) at home.
15. It was good of you (explain) everything to me.
B. Choose the correct answer.
1. Do you like money?
a. borrow
b. to borrow
c. borrowing
2. My girlfriend persuade me my hair cut.
a. have
b. to have
c. having
3. I used running every morning, but I never go now.
a. go
b. to go
c. going
4. I have decided for a new job.
a. look
b. to look
c. looking
5. You neednt me back that magazine. Ive finished with it.
a. give
b. to give
c. giving
6. You must always remember your car locked.
a. keep
b. to keep
c. keeping
7. Its very late. We really must going.
a. be
b. to be
c. being
8. How about tennis at the weekend?
a. play
b. to play
c. playing
9. You shouldnt encourage anyone .
a. smoke
b. to smoke
c. smoking
10. Im not very good at speeches.
a. make
b. to make
c. making
11. Going to the dentist always makes me nervous.
a. feel
b. to feel
c. feeling
12. I stopped writing the phone.
a. answer
b. to answer
c. answering

13. I dont particularly enjoy


a. cook
b. to cook
c. cooking
14. Jannet promised anyone what Id said.
a. not tell
b. not t tell
c. to not tell
15. Its a lovely morning. Why dont we for a walk?
a. go
b. to go
c. going

S-ar putea să vă placă și