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GRADE 5
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Table of Contents
5th Grade Grammar & Conventions - Common Cores Part I
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Core Standard: L.5.2: Students will use a comma to separate an introductory element from the
rest of the sentence.
Core Standard: L.5.2: Students will use a comma to set off the words yes and no (e.g., Yes,
thank you), to set off a tag question from the rest of the sentence (e.g., Its true, isnt it?), and
to indicate direct address (e.g., Is that you, Steve?).
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Core Standard: L.5.2: Students will use a comma to set off the words yes and no (e.g., Yes,
thank you), to set off a tag question from the rest of the sentence (e.g., Its true, isnt it?), and
to indicate direct address (e.g., Is that you, Steve?).
Core Standard: L.5.2: Students will use a comma to set off the words yes and no (e.g., Yes,
thank you), to set off a tag question from the rest of the sentence (e.g., Its true, isnt it?), and
to indicate direct address (e.g., Is that you, Steve?).
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Core Standard: L.5.1: Students will explain the function of conjunctions, prepositions, and
interjections in general and their function in particular sentences.
5. Conjunctions
Conjunctions are words that join or link other words, phrases, and clauses within a sentence.
Examples of conjunctions:
o The ocean is beautiful but scary. (words)
o We can shop in the morning or in the evening. (phrases)
o The man runs up the hill, and then he rests at the top. (clauses)
Core Standard: L.5.1: Students will use correlative conjunctions (e.g., either/or, neither/nor).
6. Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of words that join or link other words, phrases, and clauses.
Correlative conjunctions: both/and, either/or, neither/nor, whether/or, not only/but also,
as/as
Examples of correlative conjunctions:
o Both my sister and my brother like to play soccer.
o You may choose either cake or ice cream for dessert.
o Gina wanted neither cake nor ice cream.
o Mike didnt know whether he wanted to go to the park or to the library.
o Shelby not only wanted cake but also ice cream.
o My cat is still as cute as she was when she was a kitten.
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Core Standard: L.5.1: Students will recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense.
8. Interjections
Interjections are words or short phrases that are used to express strong emotions. They may
stand alone with an exclamation point or be included in a sentence.
Examples of interjections:
o Greeting/Farewell: Hi !, Hello!, Hey!, Bye!, Good-bye!
o Filler: Uh-oh!, Hmm
o Reaction: Yuck!, Ew!, Hooray!, Ouch!
o In a di alogue: Hey! yelled Sarah when she saw her friend.
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Core Standard: L.5.1: Students will form and use the perfect (e.g., I had walked; I have
walked; I will have walked) verb tenses.
Core Standard: L.5.1a: Students will explain the function of conjunctions, prepositions, and
interjections in general and their function in particular sentences.
10. Prepositions
Prepositions: Direction/position words-to, from, with, for, into, between, down, under,
across, above, before, on
Prepositions give information about the position of something or someone. They are usually
placed before nouns, noun phrases, and pronouns in a sentence. In the following examples,
prepositions are underlined and nouns/pronouns are in gray.
Examples
o
o
o
of prepositions:
I read a book during my visit to the library.
They waited for him beyond the bathroom.
I looked toward the sky and into the clouds.
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Core Standard: L.5.2: Students will use punctuation to separate items in a series.
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GRADE 5
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Core Standard: L.5.1: Students will use verb tense to convey various times, sequences, states,
and conditions.
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Table of Contents
5th Grade Grammar & Conventions - Additional Part II
1. Abstract Nouns
2. Adverbs
3. Apostrophes in Contractions
4. Articles
5. Clauses
6. Commas in Compound Sentences
7. Commas and Quotation Marks in Dialogue and Text
8. Commas in Salutations
9. Comma Usage Rules
10. Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
11. Comparative and Superlative Adverbs
12. Complete Sentences
13. Complex Sentences
14. Compound Sentences
15. Compound Subjects
16. Frequently Confused Words
17. Hyphens Between Syllables
18. Indirect Objects
19. Irregular Plural Nouns
20. Irregular Verbs
21. Modal Auxiliaries
22. Order Adjectives
23. Phrases
24. Possessives
25. Predicates
26. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
27. Pronouns
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Table of Contents
5th Grade Grammar & Conventions - Additional Part II
GRADE 5
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1. Abstract Nouns
An abstract noun is a thing that you can think about, believe in, or imagine but cannot see,
hear, or touch. This includes feelings, ideas, actions, and events. Unless they begin a
sentence, abstract nouns do not begin with a capital letter.
Examples of abstract nouns:
o Feelings: love, anger, joy, excitement, fear
o Actions: laughter, sleep, honesty, kindness
o Ideas: dream, faith
o Things: beauty, friendship, music, freedom, memory, education
2. Adverbs
Adverbs are words that modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs often tell
when, where, why, or under what conditions something happens. There are, also, adverbs that
make the word being modified negative.
Adverbs frequently end in ly. (However, not all words ending in ly are adverbs.)
In the following sentences, adverbs are underlined.
Examples:
o Modifying a verb The kids play outside at recess. (tells where)
o Modifying an adjective Clara drove a very fast car. (tells more about the
adjective fast)
o Modifying another adverb Karen moved quite slowly down the sidewalk. (tells
more about the adverb slowly)
o Creating a negative Grandpa will not attend the wedding. (changes or modifies
the verb attend).
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3. Apostrophes in Contractions
Contractions are shortened words or phrases. The apostrophe shows where letters have been
left out of contractions.
phrase/word
contraction
is not
isnt
who has
whos
it had
itd
will not
wont
it will
itll
would not
wouldnt
let us
lets
you are
youre
she will
shell
you have
youve
you will
youll
4. Articles
Articles are short words that begin noun phrases (e.g., the word a in the phrase, a brown
dog). There are only three articles in English: the, a, an.
Definite article: the
o
Indefinite article: a, an
o
A broken dish
The words a/an are called indefinite articles because they do not point to
particular things.
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5. Clauses
A clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb. An independent clause can stand
alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is always used as some part of speech. It can be
an adjective, adverb, or noun. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.
o
o
Independent Clause: Gary studied in his room for the science test.
Dependent Clause: When Gary studied in his room for the science test
A compound sentence contains two simple sentences, each with a main clause, joined by a
conjunction. The conjunction is added through the use of a comma. In the following
sentences, subjects are underlined and verbs are in gray.
Examples
o
o
o
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8. Commas in Salutations
The comma is a punctuation mark that is used to separate words, phrases, and clauses and
for the salutations in correspondence.
Salutations are greetings in letters before the body of the text.
Examples of using a comma for greetings:
o
Dear Julie,
Dear Grandma,
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of comparative adjectives:
Mari e i s shorter than Addi son.
Watermelon is more delicious than an apple.
of superlative adjectives:
My mom is the happi est person I know.
The math test was the most di ffi cult test Ive ever taken.
Comparative adverbs compare how two things are done. By adding the ending er or the
word more or less before an adverb, a comparison is made.
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A compound sentence contains two simple sentences, each with a main clause, joined by a
conjunction. In the following sentences, subjects are underlined and verbs are in gray.
Examples
o
o
o
of compound sentences:
I worked hard on my homework, and my sister watched T.V.
Malik played baseball instead, so Brett ran home to eat.
Asia felt hungry, so she ate a sandwich.
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At the local Dairy Queen, Shawna gasped at the sight of pickle slices on her
banana split.
o Shawna = subject
gasped = verb
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Using the right word in your writing is very important. A dictionary is a great reference for
finding the proper spelling and meaning of a word.
Examples of frequently confused words:
a, an
ate, ei ght
accept, except
bare, bear
allowed, aloud
blew, blue
a lot , allot
board, bored
already, all ready
brake, break
ant , aunt
breath , breathe
flower, flour
for, four
heal, heel
hear, here
hole, whole
hour, our
knot, not
knows, nose
meat , meet
metal , medal
one, won
pain , pane
peace, piece
peak, peek
poor, pore, pour
rai se, rays
princi pal, principle
scene, seen
qui et, quit, quite
some, sum
wear, where
whi ch, witch
weather, whether
wood, would
their, there, theyre
tail, tale
wai st, waste
wait, weight
by, buy
capital , capitol
cent , scent , sent
choose, chose
close, clothes
coarse, course
good, well
heard, herd
its, its
lay, li e
miner, minor
pai r, pare, pear
petal, pedal
read, red
sea, see
son, sun
who, whom
your, youre
than, then
way, weigh
creak, creek
dear, deer
die, dye
desert , dessert
dew, do, due
doesnt, dont
hai r, hare
Hi , hi gh
knew, new
lead, led
oar, or, ore
passed, past
plain, plane
ri ght, write
seam , seem
weak, week
whos, whose
threw, through
to, too, two
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Like a direct object, an indirect object is needed to complete the meaning of a sentence.
The indirect object is also a noun or pronoun. The indirect object names the person, place, or
thing indirectly affected by the verb.
In the following sentences, direct objects are underlined and indirect objects are in gray.
Examples of indirect objects:
o She gave us a test.
o Kaitlyn left the mail for him.
o The teacher gave the class a difficult quiz.
o Andre left her the car keys.
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In some i rregular plural nouns, the vowel or word needs to be changed. For
example: man men, tooth teeth, mouse mi ce, person people. Plural
nouns that do not change: deer, sheep, blues.
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of modal auxiliaries:
Rebecca was going to the park. (past)
Mark is waiting for hi s friends to go play. (present)
Abi gail will be writing a short story today. (future)
23. Phrases
A phrase is a group of words that has meaning within a sentence but does not make a
complete sentence because it does not have both a subject and a verb.
Examples of phrases:
o to the store (no subject or verb)
o near the lake (no subject or verb)
o the five students (possible subject but no verb)
o without their shoes (no subject or verb)
The phrases above would have meaning within a sentence but cannot stand alone as
complete sentences.
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25. Predicates
The predicate tells something about the subject. In the following sentences, the predicate is
bolded, while the subject is underlined.
o
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popcorn.
27. Pronouns
Pronouns are words used in place of a noun when writers do not want to repeat a noun in a
sentence or paragraph. They can be singular or plural and in first, second, or third person.
Pronouns: her, she, you, they, I, he, him, we, them, everybody, everyone, it, itself, me, mine, no
one, nobody, ours, ourselves, myself, somebody, theirs, us.
Examples of pronouns:
o I made a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. (singular, first person)
o We left for the zoo early in the morning. (plural)
o Sandra, have you decided what you want to do today? (second person)
o Dan said that he likes to play baseball. (third person)
Quotation marks are used with the titles of poems, songs, newspaper and magazine articles,
titles of episodes of television series, chapters of books, and short stories.
Italics are used when a certain word or words need to stand out, or be emphasized.
o He managed to eat ten cookies.
Italics are, also, used when writing titles of complete works of: books, films, or musical
compositions.
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of relative adverbs:
Where: I dont know where we are goi ng for dinner.
When : I remember the day when I started school.
Wh y: Do you know why George cannot go to the movies with us?
of relative pronouns:
This is the grocery store that my mom likes.
The student who has perfect attendance gets a special prize.
I got to pi ck whi ch dress I wore to school today.
Whoev er broke the window is in trouble.
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A suffix is an ending that is added to a word to change the form of the word and how it is
used in a sentence.
Examples of adding suffixes to base words:
o
o
o
o
o
o
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