Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
(c. 1836)
By
Georg Bchner
(17 October 1813 19 February 1837)
WOYZECK, a soldier
ANDRES, a soldier
MARIE, Woyzecks common-law wife
CHILD, of Marie and Woyzeck (named Christian)
MARGRET, Maries neighbor
DRUM MAJOR
SERGEANT
CAPTAIN [Officer}
OLD MAN
CARNIVAL BARKER
SHOWMAN
DOCTOR
1st APPRENTICE
2nd APPRENTICE
IDIOT, name Karl
JEW, a pawnbroker
GRANDMOTHER
INNKEEPER
KATEY, woman at the Inn
FIRST CHILD
SECOND CHILD
FIRST PERSON
SECOND PERSON
COURT CLERK
JUDGE
POLICEMAN
Soldiers, Students, Young Men, Girls, Children
TRANSLATION based on Mueller, Schmidt, & Keddrick
VARIORUM TEXT: Bchner, Georg. Complete Works and Letters. Trans. Henry J.
Schmidt. Edited by Walter Hinderer and Henry J. Schmidt. New York: Continuum,
2003.
Paul Backer, 2015
Woyzeck pg. 2
A NOTE ON THE PLAY: What is it in us that lies, murders, steals?" (Bchner letter)
Georg Bchner was a young medical student from the German state of Hesse, and had just started a career teaching anatomy
at the University of Zrich at his untimely death in 1837 at age 23. In addition to his study of medicine, he was passionately interested
in history, in theatre and drama, and radical politics. He interest in drama led him to write three plays (Dantons Death, Leonce and
Lena, and the unfinished Woyzeck, all of which deal with historical subjects). His involvement in radical politics led him to write essays
and a novella, and got him in trouble with the law on a few occasions.
The play Woyzeck was inspired by a real murder case: Johann Christian Woyzeck who murdered his common law wife in
1821, stabbing her to death in a jealous rage. The case became famous all over Europe; it was one of the first murder cases in which
theinsanity defense was raised in order to avoid execution. Woyzecks guilt was never in question (He freely admitted I hope shes
dead; she earned it)it was his state of mind. Woyzeck had had a troubled life, with a long history of what would call today
psychiatric disorders. One of the most famous doctors of the period Johann Christian August Clarus was called in, and a lengthy period
of psychiatric, medical and legal examinations took place.
Finally, Clarus determined that Woyzeck was pathologically violent but legally sane. His conclusion was that Woyzeck in
the course of an uncertain, desolate, thoughtless and indolent life [had sunk] from one level ofdegeneration down to the next, until
in the dark tumult of primitive emotion he had destroyed a human life. Clarus was a determined supporter of the theory that
humans have total control over their will and passions through reason, and that Woyzeck was not insane, but committed his crime due
to the "confusion of subjective feelings with objective conceptions." Woyzeck was executed in 1824 in Leipzig (with thousands in
attendance to witness the event), and Clarus work a book chronicling his examination and conclusions.
The controversy around the sensational crime, lengthy trial, psychiatric examinations and final execution continued for many
years, and was part of the standard literature of the medical profession. Young Bchner undoubtedly knew about the case from his
father, who was also a doctor, and from his own university studies. Bchner was fascinated with the debates between reason and
passion, between free will and nature, between science and the spirit, and the influence of heredity and social environment on
humans. He also has a sense of fatalism about history and the human condition. The play Woyzeck examines all these issues, raising
many questions but offering few definitive answers.
Even as a very young man, Bchner was deeply philosophical. He wrote a poignant letter in 1833 (at age 20) to his fiance
Minna Jaegle, a Protestant ministers daughter. Bchner was in exile at Strasbourg at the time due to his radical politics, and had been
reading about the French Revolution. He was particularly troubled with guilt by the fact that he escaped punishment because of his
exile, while one of his friends and comrades was imprisoned and brutally tortured. The letter is referred as his fatalism letter:
"I have felt as though crushed beneath the fatalism of history. I find in human nature a terrifying sameness, and in the human
condition an inexorable force, granted to all and to none. The individual is no more than foam on the wave, greatness mere
chance, the mastery of genius a puppet play, a ludicrous struggle against a brazen law, which to acknowledge is the highest
achievement, which to master, impossible. I no longer intend to bow down to the parade-horses and bystanders of history. I
have grown accustomed to the sight of blood. But I am no guillotine-blade. The word must is one of the curses with which
Mankind is baptized. The saying it must needs be that the offenses come, but woe to him by whom the offense cometh
[Matthew 18:7] is terrifying. What is it in us that lies, murders, steals?" (qtd. Gilman, 13-14)
NOTE on the TEXT: No definitive version of Woyzeck exists.
The text was Four Drafts (of various lengths and each incomplete), along with various scenes, and fragments, some of
which were barely legible. The play is barely mentioned in any of his correspondence, though a letter to one of his brothers refers to a
play that is almost ready for publication. However, Bchner became suddenly ill and died before he could finish the text (or if all the
scenes he wanted to use are present and completed, collate them into his desired order).
Although a few of Bchners works were published soon after his death in 1837 at age 23, Woyzeck remained unpublished.
The handwritten drafts remained in deteriorating condition in his brothers Ludwigs attic, until the 1870s, when they were retrieved by
Karl Emil Franzos, a prolific Jewish novelist. He transcribed the drafts and fragments as best he could, and first published them in a
Viennese newspaper the New Free Press in 1875, and then incorporated it into his edition of Bchners complete works in 1879.
Unfortunately, being an author himself, Franzos liberally altered and added to the text, and even invented entirely new scenes
in order to have the play become, as much as possible, a conventional dramatic narrative for the period. Later editors removed Franzos
alterations and additions, and the current text is restored from the original drafts. However, there is no definitive proof of exactly what
order Bchner would have wanted the various scenes. The scene order in this edition is one most commonly used, based on interpreting
whatever evidence Bchner left behind, but is by no means definitive. Editors and productions often create their own scene order for
different dramatic effects.
At the end of play text is a complete list of the correspondence between the Four Drafts.
NOTE on MARKINGS:
1. For each scene, the numbers in [brackets] indicate the Draft and Scene Number in that Draft, e.g. [4,2] means the
scene was the 2nd scene in the 4th draft. Also added is a simple plot title that editors often use, merely for reference.
2. Stage notes in (parentheses) are from Bchner; stage notes in [brackets] are editor/translator additions.
Woyzeck pg. 3
Woyzeck pg. 4
Woyzeck pg. 5
MARIE. Franz!
WOYZECK. Don't you see? Look around you! Everything hard and fixed, so gloomy. What's
moving back there? When God goes, everything goes. I've got to get back.
MARIE. And the child?
WOYZECK. My God, the boy!Tonight at the fair! I've saved something again. (He leaves.)
MARIE. That man! Seeing things like that! He'll go mad if he keeps thinking that way! He frightened
me! It's so gloomy here. Why are you so quiet, boy? Are you afraid? It's growing so dark. As
if we were going blind. Only that street lamp shining in from outside. (Sings.)
And what if your cradle is bad
Sleep tight, my lovey, my lad.
I can't stand it! It makes me shiver! [She goes out.]
Woyzeck pg. 6
Woyzeck pg. 7
Woyzeck pg. 8
Woyzeck pg. 9
SCENE 5 [At the CAPTAIN'S]
[4,5 Shaving the Captain: Dizzyness]
THE CAPTAIN in a chair. WOYZECK shaving him.
CAPTAIN. Not so fast, Woyzeck, not so fast! One thing at a time! You're making me dizzy. What am I to do
with the ten extra minutes that you'll finish early today? Just think, Woyzeck: you still have thirty
beautiful years to live! Thirty years! That makes three hundred and sixty months! And days! Hours!
Minutes! What do you think you'll do with all that horrible stretch of time? Have you ever thought
about it, Woyzeck?
WOYZECK. Yes, sir, Captain.
CAPTAIN. It frightens me when I think about the world . . . when I think about eternity. Busyness,. Woyzeck,
busyness! There's the eternal: that's eternal, that is eternal. That you can understand. But then again it's
not eternal. It's only a moment. A mere moment. Woyzeck, it makes me shudder when I think that the
earth turns itself about in a single day! What a waste of time! Where will it all end? Woyzeck, I can't
even look at a mill wheel any more without becoming melancholy.
WOYZECK. Yes, sir, Captain.
CAPTAIN. Woyzeck, you always seem so exasperated! A good man isn't like that. A good man with a good
conscience, that is. Well, say something, Woyzeck! What's the weather like today?
WOYZECK. Bad, Captain, sir, bad: wind!
CAPTAIN. I feel it already. Sounds like a real storm out there. A wind like that has the same effect on me as a
mouse. (Cunningly.) I think it must be something out of the north-south.
WOYZECK. Yes, sir, Captain.
CAPTAIN. Ha! Ha! Ha! North-south! Ha! Ha! Ha! Oh, hes a stupid one! Horribly stupid! (Moved.) Woyzeck,
you're a good man, but (With dignity) Woyzeck, you have no morality! Morality, that's when you have
morals, you understand. It's a good word. You have a child without the blessings of the Church, just
like our Right Reverend Garrison Chaplain says: "Without the blessings of the Church." It's not my
phrase.
WOYZECK. Captain, sir, the good Lord's not going to look at a .poor worm just because they said Amen over
it before they went at it. The Lord said: "Suffer little children to come unto me."
CAPTAIN. What's that you said? -What kind of strange answer's that? You're confusing me with your
answers!
WOYZECK. It's us poor people thatYou see, Captain, sir . . . Money, money! Whoever hasn't got money . .
Well, whos got morals, when he's bringing something like me into the world? We're flesh and blood,
too. Our kind is miserable only once: in this world and in the next. l think if we ever got to Heaven
we'd have to help with the thunder.
CAPTAIN. Woyzeck, you have no virtue! You're not a virtuous human being! Flesh and blood? Whenever I
rest at the window, when it's finished raining, and my eyes follow the white stockings along as they
hurry across the street . . . Damnation, Woyzeck, I know what love is, too, then! I'm made of flesh and
blood, too. But, Woyzeck, Virtue! Virtue! How was I to get rid of the time? I always say to myself:
"You're a virtuous man (Moved), a good man, a good man."
WOYZECK. Yes, Captain, sir. Virtue. I haven't got much of that. You see, us common people, we haven't got
virtue. That's the way it's got to be. But if I could be a gentleman, and if I could have a hat and a watch
and a cane, and if I could talk refined, I'd want to be virtuous, all right. There must be something
beautiful in virtue, Captain, sir. But I'm just a poor good-for-nothing!
CAPTAIN. Good, Woyzeck. You're a good man, a good man. But you think too much. It eats at you. You
always seem so exasperated. Our discussion has affected me deeply. You can go now. And dont run
like that! Slowly! Nice and slowly down the street!
Woyzeck pg. 10
Woyzeck pg. 11
SCENE 7 [At the DOCTOR'S]
[2,6; 4,8 The Doctor Reproaches Woyzeck: Double Nature]
THE DOCTOR and WOYZECK
DOCTOR. I don't believe it, Woyzeck! And a man of your word!
WOYZECK. What's that, Doctor, sir?
DOCTOR. I saw it all, Woyzeck. You pissed on the street! You were pissing on the wall like a dog!
And here I'm giving you three groschen a day plus board! That's terrible, Woyzeck! The
world's becoming a terrible place, a terrible place!
WOYZECK. But, Doctor, sir, when Nature . . .
DOCTOR. When Nature? When Nature? What has Nature to do with it? Did I or did I not prove to
you that the musculus constrictor vesicae is controlled by your will? Nature! Woyzeck, man is
free! In Mankind alone we see glorified the individual's will to freedom! And you couldn't
hold your water! (Shakes his head, places his hands behind the small of his back, and walks
back and forth.) Have you eaten your peas today, Woyzeck? Nothing but peas! Cruciferae!
Remember that! There's going to be a revolution in science! I'm going to blow it sky-high!
Urea. Oxygen. Ammonium hydrochloratern hyperoxidic. Woyzeck, couldn't you just try to
piss again? Go in the other room there and make another try.
WOYZECK. Doctor, sir, I can't.
DOCTOR (With emotion). But you could piss on the wall. I have it here in black white. Our contract
is right here! I saw it. I saw it with these very eyes. I had just stuck my head out the window,
opening it to let in the rays of the sun, so as to execute the process of sneezing. (Starts kicking
him). No, Woyzeck, I'm not going to vex myself. Vexation is unhealthy. Unscientific. I'm
calm now, completely calm. My pulse is beating at its accustomed sixty, and I am speaking to
you in utmost cold-bloodedness. Why should I vex myself over a man, God forbid! A man!
Now if he were a Proteus, it would be worth the vexation! But, Woyzeck, you really shouldn't
have pissed on the wall.
WOYZECK. You see, Doctor, sir, sometimes a person's got a certain kind of character, like when he's
made a certain way. But with Nature it's not the same, you see. With Nature (He snaps his
fingers), it's like that! How should I explain, it's like--DOCTOR. Woyzeck, you're philosophizing again.
WOYZECK (confidingly). Doctor, sir, did you ever see anything with double nature? Like when the
sun stops at noon, and it's like the world was going up in fire? That's when I hear a terrible
voice saying things to me!
DOCTOR. Woyzeck, you have an aberratio!
WOYZECK (places his finger at his nose). It's in the toadstools, Doctor, sir, that's where it is. Did
you ever see the shapes the toadstools make when they grow up out of the earth? If only
somebody could read what they say!
DOCTOR. Woyzeck, you have a most beautiful aberratio mentalis partialis of a secondary order!
And so wonderfully developed! Woyzeck, your salary is increased! Idee fixe of a secondary
order, and with a generally rational state. You go about your business normally? Still shaving
the Captain?
WOYZECK. Yes, sir.
DOCTOR. You eat your peas?
WOYZECK. Just as always, Doctor, sir. My wife gets the money for the household.
DOCTOR. Still in the army?
WOYZECK. Yes, sir, Doctor.
DOCTOR. You're an interesting case. Patient Woyzeck, youre to have an increase in salary. So
behave yourself! Lets feel the pulse. Ah yes.
Woyzeck pg. 12
SCENE 8 Street
[2,7; 4,9. Scene is a conflation of these two drafts. -Captain and Doctor. Captain taunts Woyzeck: In a hurry]
CAPTAIN and DOCTOR.
THE CAPTAIN comes panting along the street, stops; pants, looks about.
CAPTAIN: Where are you so fast, most honorable Mr. Coffin Nail?
DOCTOR: Where are you so slowly, most honorable Mr. Drilltheirassesoff?
CAPTAIN: Take your time, honorable tombstone.
DOCTOR. I dont waste my time like you, honorable
DOCTOR. I'm in a hurry, Captain, I'm in a hurry!
CAPTAIN. Doctor, Im afraid for the horses when I think that the poor beasts have to go everywhere
on foot. Dont run like that! Dont wave your cane around in the air like that! Youll run
yourself to death that way. A good man with a good conscience doesnt go so fast. A good
man. (He catches the Doctor by the coat). Doctor, allow me to save a human life. Youre
racingDoctor, I'm so melancholy. I have such fantasies. I start to cry every time I see my
coat hanging on the wall.
DOCTOR. Hm! Bloated, fat, thick neck: apoplectic constitution. Yes, Captain, you'll be having
apoplexia cerebria any time now. Of course you could have it on only one side. In which case
you'll be paralyzed down that one side. Or if things go really well you'll be mentally disabled
so that you can vegetate away for the rest of your days. You may look forward to something
approximately like that within the next four weeks! And, furthermore I can assure you that
you give promise of being a most interesting case. And if it is God's will that only one half of
your tongue become paralyzed, then we will conduct the most immortal of experiments.
CAPTAIN. Doctor, you mustn't scare me that way! People are said to have died of fright. Of pure,
sheer fright. I can see them now with lemons in their hands. But they'll say: "He was a good
man, a good man." You devil's coffin nailmaker!
DOCTOR [extending his hat toward him]. Do you know who this is, Captain? This is Sir Brainless,,
my most honorable Captain Drilltheirassesoff!
CAPTAIN [makes a series of folds in his sleeve]. And do you know who this is, Doctor? This is Sir
Manifold, my dear devil's coffin nailmaker! Ha! Ha! Hal But no harm meant! I'm a good man,
but I can play, too, when I want to, Doctor, when I want to . . .
WOYZECK comes toward them and tries to pass in a hurry
Ho! Woyzeck! Where are you off to in such a hurry? Stay awhile, Woyzeck! Running through
the world like an open razor, you're liable to cut someone. He runs as if he had to shave a
castrated regiment and would be hung before he discovered and cut the longest hair that
wasn't there. But on the subject of long beards . . . What was it I wanted to say? Woyzeck,
why was I thinking about beards?
DOCTOR. The wearing of long beards on the chin, remarks Pliny, is a habit of which soldiers must
be broken.
CAPTAIN (continues). Ah, yes, this thing about beards! Tell Woyzeck have you found any long hairs
from beards in your soup bowl lately? Ho, I don't think he understands! A hair from a human
face, from the heard of an engineer, a sergeant, a . . . a drum major? Well, Woyzeck? But then
he's got a good wife. It's not the same as with the others.
WOYZECK. Yes, sir, Captain! What was it you wanted to say to me, Captain, sir?
CAPTAIN. What a face he's making! Well, maybe not in his soup, but if he hurries home around the
corner I'll wager he might still find one on a certain pair of lips. A pair of lips, Woyzeck. I
know what love is, too, Woyzeck. Look at him, he's white as chalk!
Woyzeck pg. 13
WOYZECK. Captain, sir, I'm just a poor devil. And there's nothing else I've got in the world but her.
Captain, sir, if you're just making a fool of me . . .
CAPTAIN. A fool? Me? Making a fool of you, Woyzeck?
DOCTOR. Your pulse, Woyzeck, your pulse! Short, hard, skipping, irregular.
WOYZECK. Captain, sir, the earth's hot as coals in hell. But I'm cold as ice, cold as ice. Hell is cold.
I'll bet you. I don't believe it! God! God! I don't believe it!
CAPTAIN. Look here, you, how would you . . how'd you like a pair of bullets in your skull? You
keep stabbing at me with those eyes of yours, and I'm only trying to help. Because you're a
good man, Woyzeck, a good man.
DOCTOR. Facial muscles rigid, taut, occasionally twitches. Condition strained, excitable.
WOYZECK. I'm going. Anything's possible. The bitch! Anything's possible.The weather's nice,
Captain, sir. Look, a beautiful, hard, gray sky. You'd almost like to pound a nail in up there
and hang yourself on it. And only because of that little dash. between Yes and Yes
againand No. Captain, sir: Yes and No: did No make Yes or Yes make No? I must think
about that.
He goes off with long strides, slowly at first, then faster and faster.
DOCTOR (Races after him). Phenomenon! Woyzeck, you get a raise!
CAPTAIN. 1 get so dizzy around such people. Look at him go! Long-legged rascals like him step out
like a shadow running from its own spider. But short ones only dawdle along. The longlegged ones are the lightning, the short ones the thunder. Haha . . . Grotesque! Grotesque!
Woyzeck pg. 14
Woyzeck pg. 15
Woyzeck pg. 16
Woyzeck pg. 17
Woyzeck pg. 18
FIRST APPRENTICE (preaching from a table). I say unto you, forget not the wanderer who
standeth leaning against the stream of time, and who giveth himself answer with the wisdom
of God, and saith: Why does Man exist? Why does Man exist? Yea, verily I say unto you:
How should the farmer, the cooper, the shoemaker, the doctor, live, had not God created man
for their use? How should the tailor exist had not God gave man a feeling of shame? How
could a soldier exist, if men didnt feel the necessity of killing one another? And therefore
doubt ye not, for all things are lovely and sweet! Yet all that is earthly is passing, and even
money eventually decays. In conclusion, my beloved brethren, let us piss once more upon the
Cross so that somewhere a Jew will die!
Brandy, thats my life!
Brandy gives me courage!
Amid the general shouting and laughing WOYZECK wakens. PEOPLE are leaving the inn.
[Start insertion from 1,11]
ANDRES. What are you doing there?
WOYZECK. What time is it?
ANDRES. Ten.
WOYZECK. Is that all it is? I think it should go fasterI want to think about it before night.
ANDRE'. Why?
WOYZECK. So it'd be over.
ANDRES What:'
WOYZECK. Scram.
ANDRES What are you sitting here by the door for?
WOYZECK. Because it feels good, and because I knowa lot of people sit by doors, but they don't
knowthey don't know till they're dragged out of the door feet first.
ANDRES. Come on, lets go!
WOYZECK. Im alright sitting here, and Id be even better ling here. If everybody knew what time it
is, theyd get undressed and put on a clean shirt and have their coffin measured..
ANDRES. Hes drunk [Andres goes off]
[End insertion from 1,11]
[Start insertion from 2.4 Lines assigned to an apprentice]
WOYZECK. The world is out of order! Why did the street-lamp cleaner forget to wipe my eyes
everything's dark. Devil damn you, God! I lay in my own way: jump over myself. What
happened to my shadow? There's no safety in the stable any more. Shine the moon through
my legs again to see if my shadow's here. (Sings.)
Eating, oh, eating the green green grass
Eating, oh, eating the green green grass
Till all the grass was go-o-one.
[End insertion from 2,4]
WOYZECK.[From end of 1.11] Whats that lying over there? Its flashing. Its always floating
between my eyes. Look how its shining. Ive got to have it. [He rushes off.]
Woyzeck pg. 19
SCENE 13 An open field
[1,6, 4,12 Stab the bitch]
WOYZECK
WOYZECK. On and on! On and on! Hishhh! Hashh! That's how the fiddles and pipes go. On and
on! On and on! Stop your playing! What's that talking down there? [He stretches out on
the ground.] What? What are you saying? What? Louder! Louder! Stab, stab the bitch to
death? Stab, stab the bitch to death? Should I? Must I? Do I hear it there, too? Does the
wind say so, too? Do I hear it on and on? Stab her! Stab her! To Death! To Death!
Woyzeck pg. 20
Woyzeck pg. 21
Woyzeck pg. 22
Woyzeck pg. 23
Woyzeck pg. 24
Woyzeck pg. 25
Woyzeck pg. 26
Woyzeck pg. 27
Woyzeck pg. 28
SCENE 22[street]
[1.14 The Black Fairy Tale]
MARIE with little GIRLS in front of the house door. GRANDMOTHER. Later WOYZECK
GIRLS [singing].
The sun shone bright on Candlemas Day
On fields of golden grain
As two by two they marched along
Down the country lane.
The pipers in front,
The fiddlers in a chain,
Their red socks
FIRST CHILD. I don't like that one.
SECOND CHILD. What do you want, anyway?
[OTHERS, overlapping] Whyd you start it?
Yeah why?
I cant.
Because?
Whos going to sing?
Why because?
FIRST CHILD. You sing for us, Marie!
MARIE. Come, you little shrimps.
([Childrens games] Ring around the rosy and King Herod)
Grandmother, tell us a story!
GRANDMOTHER. All right, you little crab apples!Once upon a time there was a poor child with
no father and no mother. Everyone was dead, and there was no one left in the whole wide
world. Everyone was dead. And it went out and looked for someone night and day. And
because there was nobody left on earth, it wanted to go to Heaven, and the moon looked down
so friendly at her, and finally when it got to the moon, it was a piece of rotten wood, and so it
went to the sun, and it was a faded sunflower, and when it got to the stars, they were little
golden flies, stuck up there as if they were caught in a spider's web, and when it wanted to go
back to earth, the earth was an upside-down pot and it was all alone, and it sat down there and
it cried, and it sits there to this day, all, all alone.
WOYZECK [appears]. Marie!
MARIE (startled). What is it?
WOYZECK. We have to go. Its time.
MARIE. Where to?
WOYZECK. How should I know?
Woyzeck pg. 29
Woyzeck pg. 30
Woyzeck pg. 31
Woyzeck pg. 32
Woyzeck pg. 33
Woyzeck pg. 34
Woyzeck pg. 35
Woyzeck pg. 36
[THE END]
Woyzeck pg. 37
PRELIMINARY
DRAFTS
Scene(s): 2,1
2,2
1,1; 1,2; 2,3; (2,5)
2,8
2,6
2,7
1,4
1,5; 1,11; 2,4
1,6
1,7;1,8; 1,13
(1,10)
(2,9)
.
The Woyzeck manuscripts consist of five double-pages in folio format (First and Second Drafts), one page in
quarto format (Third Draft), and six double-pages in quarto format (Fourth Draft), containing groups of scenes and scene
fragments, some apparently written in such haste that numerous passages are nearly illegible. The Fourth Draft is clearly a
revision of earlier attempts, and it therefore must take precedence over them when one attempts to reconstruct the play
without seriously violating the author's intentions. Bchners revision begins with "Open field. The town in the distance"
(4,1) and breaks off after "The barracks" (4,17). Traditionally the scenes from the First Draft beginning with "Marie with
girls in front of the house door" (1,14) through "Court Clerk. Barber. Doctor. Judge" (1,21)the "murder-complex"are
added at this point. The ending nevertheless remains inconclusive: is Woyzeck eventually arrested and brought to trial?
The "Court Clerk" fragment might seem to imply this, but it is doubtful that Woyzeck and the Barber are the same person.
The only certainty is that Woyzeck disappears from view after Scene 1,20, experiencing neither divine retribution,
perpetual isolation, nor punishment at the hands of society.
There is general agreement about the order in which the drafts were written and the arrangement of pages within
them. Using as a guide the incomplete revision and the assumption that Buchner planned to include the murder of Marie
in the drama, we can roughly determine the work's genesis: Buchner first sketched out the infidelity-jealousy-murder
action (First Draft), interspersed with scenes of generalized, often ironic commentary (the Carnival Barker, the Barber, the
Grandmother). In retrospect, these scenes function as the middle and end of the plot. Then he added a beginning (Second
Draft), in which the name "Woyzeck" is introduced for first time, and where the protagonist is placed in confrontation
with figures that constitute his social environment. The Fourth Draft a revision ot the beginning and the middle, in which
some scenes ,o.erc incorporated with only minor changes (e.g., 4,1 and 4,2); some were considerably altered or expanded
(e.g., 4,14 and 4,16); and five were completely new (4,4-6; 4,15; 4,17). As noted in the text, scene 4,3 consists only of the
title, "Carnival booths. Lights. People," followed by one and a half blank pages. While revising, Bchner crossed out
many, but by no means all scenes in his earlier drafts, leaving the question unresolved as to what material might ritually
Woyzeck pg. 38
have been included, had Bchner lived to complete the work. The "Synopsis- on p. 225 gives an approximate idea of the
correspondences among the drafts. When examining the relationship' between Scenes 2,7 and 4,9, one may wonder why
Bchner omitted Woyzeck's dramatic confrontation with the Captain and the Doctor in his revision. Two reasons suggest
themselves: Woyzeck seems to be be somewhat out of character at the end of the scene when he speculates about the
hyphen between yes and no. More important, the Captains taunts about Maries infidelity appear to take Woyzeck
entirely by surprise. In the Fourth Draft this would be illogical, because Woyzeck has already accused Marie of infidelity
two scenes earlier. In the Second Draft, however, the equivalent scene with Marie takes place immediately after the
Captain/Doctor/Woyzeck dialogue.
The Third Draft consists only of two scenes, and we do not know Buchner intended to place them in his final
version. Instead of incorporating them arbitrarily into the reconstruction, as numerous editors have done, we present them
here as "Optional Scenes," which readers ought not overlook and which might well be performed in theatrical
productions. A portion of The Professors courtyard (3,1) derives from an experience of Buchners in Giessen: one of
his professors habitually brought his son to class to demonstrate that the ear muscles have become obsolete in human
beings, but not in apes. His son was then obliged to stand and wiggle his ears. The second scene, The idiot, The child,
Woyzeck, would seem to take place after Woyzeck returns from the pond (He fell in the water). But one might also
argue that Karls line, which is also a childrens counting rhyme, might anticipate Woyzecks search for the knife, and we
are left once again without conclusive evidence of his ultimate fate. (Schmidt)
Bchner, Georg. Complete Plays and Prose, trans. Carl Richard Mueller (Hill and Wang, 1963)
Bchner, Georg. Complete Works and Letters. Ed. Walter Hinderer and Henry J. Schmidt. Trans. Henry J. Schmidt. New
York: Continuum Publishing Co., 86, 2003.
Gilman, Richard. The Making of Modern Drama: A Study of Buchner, Ibsen, Strindberg, Chekhov. New Haven: Yale
University Press, 2000.