ATPDesigner Protection Modeling Course

Hochschule fr
Technik und Wirtschaft

des Saarlandes
University of Applied Sciences
ATPDesigner Design and Simulation of Power Networks
Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel
EEUG Meeting 2005 - One Day EEUG Course

Protection Modeling with ATP and ATPDesigner
September 14, 2005, Warsaw, Poland
ATPDesigner and ATP

Practical Exercises
Home Page: http://people.freenet

.de/atpdesigner
atpdesigner
http://people.freenet.de/
E-Mail: DrMichaelIgel@
DrMichaelIgel@aol.com
aol.com
Release: V1.1 09.09.2005
Goal of the Exercises
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des Saarlandes
ATPDesigner
User Friendly Graphical User Interface to ATP
Designed according Microsoft Style Guide
Designed to be Intuitive
But
It needs time to practise the handling
It needs time to learn the toolbars, menus, etc.
Therefore
This exercises should support the user doing the first steps
But should also support doing some more steps
The user should get an overview about the operating concept
And at the End

The user should be able to make the next steps without help
But Nevertheless
Support Hot Mail : DrMichaelIgel@aol.com
22
Goal of the Exercises
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des Saarlandes
What Should Be Done from the Participants ?

Creating Default Network

Adding 20kV - Network Infeed
Adding 2x 2-Transformer 20/0.4kV
Adding 2x Single-Circuit Lines
Adding Circuit Breakers with Measuring Location
Enable Fault Type
Adding 110/20kV BCTRAN Transformer
Changing Neutral-Point Connection of BCTRAN Transformer

Calculating Voltages and Currents
Analyzing Frequency Spectrum
33
Default Network
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des Saarlandes
Excercise_1.NET
44
ATP Data: Simulation Data

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des Saarlandes
Before starting the simulation it is

necessary to specify some settings,
which are related to the simulation
process.
Time
Overall Length of the Calculated
Data in Cycles
Prefault
Time before a Line Fault occurs
dt
Sampling Rate of the Data stored
in the .PL4 File
Out
Repetition of the Test Step, related
to CMC Test System
Step
Number of Calculation Steps
between two Samples stored in the
.PL4 - File
55
Settings Network 1
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des Saarlandes
Settings

Default Settings
Name: 132kV
Vnom = 132 kVrms
Sk = 5000MVA
Excercise_2.NET
66
Add Load Impedance

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des Saarlandes
Settings

Default Settings
Name: 250 Ohm
Enable Option Solid Grounded

Set Vn = 20000 Vrms

Check the Results of the
Calculator
Excercise_3.NET
77
Add BCTRAN Transformer
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des Saarlandes
Settings

Default Settings
Settings acc. Dialog
Click on a Line in One

of the List Boxes
Settings Copied into the
Edit Fields
Change Settings
Apply Settings
Close Dialog with OK

DYn11
Excercise_4.NET
88
Add Grounding System

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des Saarlandes
Adding Grounding System to the Neutral-Point of the BCTRAN Transformer

Click on Toolbar Symbol

Select Drawing Direction Down
Move Cursor to the Neutral-Point Snap Point
Release Left Cursor Button
Excercise_5.NET
ATPDesigner Automatically detects the Neutral-Point of the BCTRAN Transformer

as 1-Phase Node
Grounding System drawn in the Color for 1-Phase Network Elements
Solid Grounded Network
2-Winding Transformer, DYn11
99
Select Line Model

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des Saarlandes
ATPDesigner supports different Numerical Models for Single-Circuit Lines, including

Double-Circuit Lines.
Select Single Line (RLC) = Distributed-Parameter Lines
Change Settings acc. the Figure below
This line model is important, if different neutral-point connections should by studied.
10 10
Selecting Nodes
Start ATP to Calculate Voltages and Currents
Open Corresponding .PL4 File
Select TACS Output Signals of

Phase-to-Ground Voltages at
Measuring Location 1
(assigned to Cb1)
VAG_M1
VAG_M2
VAG_M3
Confirm with OK
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des Saarlandes
11 11
Diagram Viewer

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des Saarlandes
Enable Graphics Cursor

Set Graphics Cursor per Left
Mouse Click
Open Signal Analysis
Upg =
11kV
3
= 6,35kV
12 12
1-Phase Fault AG
Settings
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des Saarlandes

Excercise_6.NET
Fault Type AG
Fault Location = 100%
Start ATP to Calculate Voltages and

Currents
Open Corresponding .PL4 File
Refresh Diagram
13 13


Selecting Primary Phase

Currents
IAP_M1
IBP_M1
ICP_M1
Open Dialog to Select
Output Signals
Move All Selected Signals
to the Left
Move Phase Currents to
the Right
Confirm with OK
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des Saarlandes
14 14


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des Saarlandes
Select Line Current IAP_M1

(Left Mouse Click)
Open Tab Harmonics
Open Tab Spectrum
15 15
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des Saarlandes
Settings of Bar Chart
ATPDesigner determines the Maximum

Frequency, which can be calculated
based on the DFT.
fa = Sampling Frequency
fa =
1
1
=
= 5000Hz
dt
0.2ms
Length of a Cycle
Select fmax = 600Hz
T=
1
fnom
1
= 20ms
50Hz
N = Number of Samples per Cycle
N = fa T = 5000Hz 20ms = 100

df = Resolution of the Spectrum
1
1
df =
=
= 50Hz
T
20ms
16 16
Isolated Neutral-Point
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des Saarlandes
In Power Networks with Isolated Neutral Point, the Capacitances of the Lines Must be
Taken Into Account.
Delete Grounding System connected to the Neutral-Point of the 132/11kV
Transformer
Add a 2-Winding DYn11 Transformer
connected to the Right Busbar
Start Simulation
Refresh Diagram
Excercise_7.NET
17 17
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des Saarlandes

Transient Process After the

Occurence of the 1-Phase-toGround Fault AG
Signal Analysis

Fundamental Frequency = 50Hz

Transient Frequency 1500Hz
Next Step

Add a R-C-Impedance to Model an

Additional Residual Network
Without a Fault
Add 2x RLC Impedance
Add Grounding System
18 18
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des Saarlandes
Settings of R-C-Kombination
Resistance R
Capacitance C
19 19
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des Saarlandes
The frequency of the transient process

changes
Move the Graphics Cursor to a Later
Time e.g. 200ms
ICE = 3 CE Un
ICE = 3 (3F + 0.5F) 11kV
ICE = 20.95A
ICE = 22.1 A
20 20
Petersen Coil
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des Saarlandes
The fault current can be reduced at the fault location, if a Petersen coil will be
connected to the neutral-point of the transformer.
Connect a New Load Impedance to the Neutral-Point of the 132/11kV Transformer
ATPDesigner Knows that the Neutral-Point is Only a 1-Phase Node
ATPDesigner Automatically Draws the Load Impedance in the 1-Phase Color
Petersen Coil
1
1
XD =
=
= 303.15 Ohm
3 CE
3 3.5F
Excercise_9.NET
21 21
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des Saarlandes
Petersen Coil
Fault Current at Fundamental

Frequency 100% Compensated
What about DC-Component ?
DC-Component
22 22
Petersen Coil

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des Saarlandes
Click on the View which contains the Power Network

Open the Fault Type Dialog
Modify the Start Time of the Fault to 4ms
Re-Calculate Voltages and Currents, Refresh Diagram
Fault AG occurs now Prefault + Start Time = 2 Cycles + 4ms = 44ms
23 23
Petersen Coil

Hochschule fr
des Saarlandes
The Start Time or Point on Wave of the Fault fixes the DC-Component which can be
observed in the fault current.
The Time Constant will be mostly caused from
the Reactance X of the Petersen Coil and
the Resistances R of the faulty line and of the infeed transformer
No DC-Component
24 24
Evolving Fault AG ABCG

Scenario
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des Saarlandes

Excercise_10.NET
Set the Start Time of the 2nd Fault ABCG to 50ms
25 25

Occurence of the Fault ABCG
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des Saarlandes

Excercise_10.NET
Prefault + Start Time = 40ms + 50ms = 90ms
Fault AG
Zoom In and Out
26 26
Vector Diagram
Select One Signal
Open Vector Diagram
Move now the Cursor Left &

Right
See the Behaviour of the
Vectors !!!
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des Saarlandes
27 27
Impedance Calculation

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des Saarlandes
ATPDesigner is able to calculate the impedance Z = R + j X using the DFTAlgorithm.

ATPDesigner uses the MODELS interface for the coalculation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Set Neutral-Point to Solid

Grounded
Open Signal Analysis Settings
Dialog
Enable X and R
Set Output Sampling Rate in
the ATP Data Dialog

dt = 1ms

Step = 19
Select Fault Type ABCG
Excercise_11.NET
28 28
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des Saarlandes
Line Model
Left Mouse Button Double-Click on
Line 1 to Opem the Settings Dialog
Seelct Default Settings for the Faulty
Line 1
29 29

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des Saarlandes
Time
Overall Length of the Calculated
Data in Cycles
Prefault
Time before a Line Fault occurs
dt
Sampling Rate of the Data stored
in the .PL4 File
Out
Repetition of the Test Step, related
to CMC Test System
Step
Number of Calculation Steps
between two Samples stored in the
.PL4 File
Internal Sampling Rate of ATP =
= dt / Step
= 1 ms / 3
= 0,33 ms
fa internal = 3 kHz
30 30
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des Saarlandes
Some Comments about dt and Step

The required processing time of ATP increases dramatically, if dt and Step will be
increased.
In addition the calculation of R and X comsumes a tremendous part of the
processing power of the CPU. Sometimes it seems that the PC has been locked up.
The equations used for the calculation of R and X are typical for the equations
used in protection relays.
The complex vectors are calculated based on a Full Cycle DFT
Phase-to-Phase Impedances
ZAB = RAB + j XAB =
VAB
IAB
Phase-to-Grounf Impedances
ZAG = RAG + j XAG =
VAG
IAG + kG IG
The setting kG is called Ground Compensation Factor
kG =
ZG
Z 0 - Z1
=
Z1
3 Z1
See more in Example: Calculation of the Fault Impedance in the Help File
31 31
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des Saarlandes
The calculated Impedances appears

in the left side list called
MODELS - ... .
Graphics Cursor can be also used,
because its a Diagram.
Open the Diagram Settings Dialog
Transient Process Caused

by the Fault Occurence
32 32
Diagram Settings
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des Saarlandes
X/Y-Range
The Impedance of Line 1 is About 10
Ohms.
Set the Ymin/Ymax Range to
20Ohms / 20Ohms
Change the Fault Location
Recalculate Impedances !!!
33 33

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Hochschule fr

Technik und Wirtschaft

ATPDesigner Design and Simulation of Power Networks

Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel

EEUG Meeting 2005 - One Day EEUG Course

ATPDesigner and ATP

Home Page: http://people.freenet

Goal of the Exercises

ATPDesigner Design and Simulation of Power Networks

Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel

And at the End

Goal of the Exercises

ATPDesigner Design and Simulation of Power Networks

Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel

What Should Be Done from the Participants ?

Creating Default Network

Changing Neutral-Point Connection of BCTRAN Transformer

Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel

ATP Data: Simulation Data

Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel

Before starting the simulation it is

Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel

Add Load Impedance

Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel

Set Vn = 20000 Vrms

Add BCTRAN Transformer

ATPDesigner Design and Simulation of Power Networks

Click on a Line in One

Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel

Add Grounding System

Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel

Adding Grounding System to the Neutral-Point of the BCTRAN Transformer

Click on Toolbar Symbol

ATPDesigner Automatically detects the Neutral-Point of the BCTRAN Transformer

Select Line Model

Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel

ATPDesigner supports different Numerical Models for Single-Circuit Lines, including

Start ATP to Calculate Voltages and Currents

Open Corresponding .PL4 File

Select TACS Output Signals of

Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel

Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel

Enable Graphics Cursor

Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel

Start ATP to Calculate Voltages and

Solid Grounded Network

Enable Graphics Cursor

Open Signal Analysis

University of Applied Sciences

Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel

Selecting Primary Phase

Solid Grounded Network

Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel

Select Line Current IAP_M1

Settings of Bar Chart

University of Applied Sciences

ATPDesigner Design and Simulation of Power Networks

Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel

ATPDesigner determines the Maximum

Select fmax = 600Hz

N = Number of Samples per Cycle

N = fa T = 5000Hz 20ms = 100

Prof. Dr.- Ing. Michael Igel