Histologie de la Peau

Pr Grard Abadjian
Facult de Mdecine
USJ

Introduction

Le plus grand organe du corps

Variations rgionales
Fonctions:
Protection, agents externes

Rayons UV
Thermique
Mcanique, frictions
Bactrienne

Sensations
Toucher, pression, douleur,
temprature

Thermorgulation
Poils, Tissu adipeux

Mtabolisme: Vit. D, T. Adipeux

Attrait physique

Structure
Epiderme: Kratine
Derme
Hypoderme

Annexes:
Pilaires
Glandulaires

La peau: Architecture gnrale

Peau: Architecture (HE x 15)

Kratine
Epiderme
Derme
Canaux glandulaires
Hypoderme
Glande sudorale eccrine

Epiderme (Trichrome x 600)

Couche basale (stratum basale B)
Couche pineuse (stratum
spinosum S)
Cytokratine, tonofibrilles

Couche granuleuse (stratum

granulosum G)
Grains de kratohyaline

Couche corne (stratum corneum

C)
Kratine:
tonofibrilles+kratohyaline

Epiderme (HE x 1000 Coupe fine x 1200)

Couche basale

Couche pineuse

Keratinocyte basal (ME x 10 000)

Cellule basale BC
Tonofibrilles TF
Membrane basale MB
Hemidesmosome HD

Keratinocyte de la couche pineuse (ME x 15 000)

Tonofibrilles abondantes
Desmosomes D

Keratinocyte de la couche granuleuse (12 000)

Reliquat de Noyau N
Grains de keratohyaline K
Tonofibrilles TF mles
Keratinosomes (Corps dOdland) glycolipide

Jonction dermo-pidermique (ME 64 000)

Lamina lucida L
Lamina densa D
Lamina fibroreticularis
F collagne VII
Collagne C
Fibrilline

Cellule basale B
Hemidesmosone HD

Mlanocytes (HE 1000)

Melanocytes M
Tyrosine - Melanosomes

Kratinocytes
Mlanine

Mlanocytes (ME 15 000)

Mlanocyte M
Cellule basale B
Prmelanosomes et
mlanosomes P

Cellules de Langerhans (HE x 700)

APC L
Extensions cytoplasmiques CP

CD1a x 700

Cellules de Langerhans (ME 100 000)

Granules de Birbeck

Cellule de Merkel (Coupe fine x 1000 IHC)

Recepteur intra-epidermique du toucher

Cellule neuro-endocrine

Annexes cutanes
Follicules pilaires
Mdullaire
Corticale
Cuticule

Croissance:
Phases anagne, catagne,
tlogne

Glandes sbaces:
Sbum
Zones indpendantes des
poils

Glandes sudorales eccrines

Glandes sudorales apocrines

Le follicule pilaire

5 couches pithliales
concentriques:
Bulbe pilaire, papille
dermique HP (racine)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Mdullaire M
Corticale Cx
Cuticule Cu
Gaine interne IRS
Gaine externe ERS

Membrane vitre GM

Follicule pilaire (HE x 120)

Follicule pilaire (Coupe transversale X 300)

Corticale Cx
Cuticule Cu
Gaine interne IRS
Gaine externe ERS
Membrane vitre GM

Bulbe pilaire (Trichrome x 200)

Papille dermique HP
Membrane vitre GM
Cellules germinales GC:
pithlium prmdullaire PM
pithlium prcortical PC
pithlium prcuticulaire PCu

Anagne:
Bulbe volumineux

Tlogne:
Petit bulbe, pas de papille.

Glande sbace (HE x 35)

Glande G
Tige pilaire F
Muscle arrecteur du poil M
Insertion sous sbace

Unit pilosbace

Glande sbace (HE x 150)

Glande acineuse ramifie

Glande sbace (HE x 200)

Cellules vacuolises
Sbum
Scrtion holocrine

Glande sudorale eccrine (HE x 200)

Sueur: thermorgulation
Glande tubuleuse dermique
profonde
Composante glandulaire
scrtoire S
Canaux eccrines excrteurs D

Glande sudorale eccrine (HE x 500)

Composante glandulaire
scrtoire S:
Cellules scrtantes
Cellules myopithliales My

Canaux eccrine excrteurs D:

Double assise cellulaire

Glande apocrine (HE x 125)

Arole mammaire, rgions
axillaires, et gnitales
Scrtion visqueuse,
malodorante (bactries)
Cellules scrtantes
cubodes osinophiles
Cellules myopithliales

Fonctionnelle en postpubertaire

Derme (HE Fibres Elastiques x 140)

Derme papillaire P
Derme rticulaire R

Derme (HE Fibres Elastiques x 280)

Derme rticulaire:

Collagne
Elastine
Vaisseaux
Nerfs
Cellules (rares):
Lymphocytes
Mastocytes
Macrophages

Variations rgionales

Hypoderme (HE x 100)

Lobules adipocytes matures

Septa fibreux collagniques

Innervation cutane
Systme nerveux affrent:
Terminaisons libres:
sensations de douleur, dmangeaison, et temprature.
Derme papillaire, cellules de Merckel, gaine fibreuse
prifolliculaire.

Structures encapsules:
Corps de Meissner: mecanorecepteurs, toucher (Pulpe des
doigts et orteils)
Pacini: pression profonde et vibration
Ruffini: mecanorecepteurs

Systme nerveux effrent:

SN autonome.
Innervation des vaisseaux, et des annexes eccrine et
muscle arrecteurs

La vascularisation cutane

Plexus cutans, jonction dermo-hypodermique

Plexus papillaire, jonction dermes papillaire et rticulaire
Shunts artrio-veineux
Drainage lymphatique, abondant.

Glomus

Extrmits des doigts, shunt artrio-veineux

Cuir chevelu

Peau paisse

Ongle

Ralisation

Grard ABADJIAN

Beyrouth

Le 2 Juin 2009

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general concepts, not specific
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experience working with
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