Rr220401 Communication Theory

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Code No: RR220401 Set No. 1

II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2006
COMMUNICATION THEORY
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) The antenna current of an AM Broadcast transmitter is 10A, if modulated
to a depth of 50% by an audio sine wave. It increases to 12A as a result of
simultaneous modulation by another audio sine wave. What is the modulation
index due to this second wave?
(b) Find the % power saved in DSB-SC system while compared to AM system.
[12+4]
2. (a) How modulation can be achieved using non-linear characteristics of an active

device and hence show the circuit diagram of Modulator.
(b) Draw the schematic diagram of chopper type modulator. Hence, explain the
generation of DSB-SC using the Ring Modulator. [8+8]
3. (a) A signal ν(t) = [1 + m(t) cos(ωc t)] is detected using a square law detector hav-
ing the characteristic v0 =V 2 . If the Fourier transform of m(t) is constant,M0
is extending from - fm to + fm . Sketch the Fourier transform of v0 (t) in the
frequency range - fm < f<+ fm .
(b) An SSB signal is demodulated by using a synchronous demodulator. However,
the locally arranged carrier has phase error ?. Determine the effect of the error
on demodulation. What will be the effect of this error if the input is DSB-SC
in place of SSB?. [8+8]
4. (a) In FM, the side bands at equal distance from fc , have equal amplitude- Ex-
plain.
(b) What are the differences between FM and PM?
(c) What are the differences between NBFM and WBFM? [9+4+3]
5. (a) Describe variable reactance method of generation of FM carrier with necessary

diagrams.
(b) What are the modifications required to generate a wideband FM signal from
a narrowband FM signal generator- Explain. [8+8]
6. (a) Explain how amplitude limiting is achieved in the FM Ratio detector.

(b) What are the merits of ratio detector over the foster seeley detector? [8+8]
7. (a) Derive an expression for effect of noise on conventional AM system.

(b) Derive an expression for effect of noise on DSB-SC AM system. [8+8]
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8. (a) Write short notes on Threshold in FM and threshold improvement through
De-emphasis.
(b) Explain Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis. [8+8]
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1. (a) Why VSB system is widely used for TV broadcasting- Explain?
(b) In a DSB system the carrier is c(t) = A cos2π fc t and the message signal is
given by m(t) = sin c(t) + sin c2 (t). Find the frequency domain representation
and the bandwidth of the modulated signal. [5+11]
2. (a) Explain with a circuit diagram the principle of square-law modulation.
(b) Write short notes on Balanced Modulators. [8+8]
3. (a) Explain the operation of a non-linear detector with relevant circuit diagram
and waveforms.
(b) Explain the operation of a linear detector with relevant circuit diagram and
waveforms. [8+8]
4. (a) Derive the equation for wideband FM wave and hence draw its spectrum.
(b) What is the bandwidth required for an FM signal in which the modulating
frequency is 3 KHz and the maximum deviation is 10 KHz. [12+4]
5. Draw the circuit diagram of varactor diode modulator and derive the expression for
frequency deviation and modulation index in terms of the diode parameters. [16]
6. (a) Explain balanced slope detector for detecting FM signal.
(b) Compare the merits and demerits of various methods of FM demodulators
and which one of them is mostly used and why. [7+9]
7. A channel with power density spectrum Sn (ω)= 0.5×10−3 is ;used to transmit an
AM signal. The modulating signal f (t) is band limited to 5KHz and the carrier
frequency is 100KHz. The sideband power is given to be 10KW and the carrier
amplitude is 300Volts (Carrier power=45KW). At the receiver, this signal is de-
modulated by an envelope detector after being passed through an appropriate ideal
band pass filter.
(a) What is the signal-to-noise power ratio at the demodulator input?
(b) What is the signal-to-noise power ratio at the demodulator output? [8+8]
8. (a) With the help of vector diagrams explain what happens when the carrier is
modulated by a single noise frequency.
(b) With the help of the phasor diagram explain the effect of noise in an angle-
modulated system. [8+8]
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1. (a) Derive an expression for AM wave and draw its frequency spectrum.
(b) Draw the one cycle of AM wave and calculate the modulation index of it in
terms of Vmax and Vmin voltages.
(c) A 500-W carrier is modulated to a depth of 80%. Calculate the total power
in the modulated wave. [6+6+4]
2. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of a balanced modulator and show that it produces
DSB-SC wave.
(b) An audio signal 10 sin 1000 πt is used to modulate a carrier of 50 sin 2π
105 t. Calculate bandwidth and power delivered to a load of 600 ohms in case
of [8+8]
i. AM
ii. DSB-SC and
iii. SSB.
3. (a) What is the effect of frequency and phase error in demodulation of DSB-SC
wave using synchronous detector.
(b) What is the effect of frequency and phase error in demodulation of SSB-SC
wave using synchronous detector. [8+8]
4. (a) Define Modulation Index in FM. Discuss the spectra of NBFM and WBFM
for various Modulation Indices.
(b) Derive equation for FM carrier from fundamentals. Also differentiate FM and
PM.
[7+9]
5. A carrier 100 cos 2 π 1×0t volts is frequency modulated by a signal 5 cos 2 π ×
102 t volts. The modulation index β is 0.3. The modulated wave is passed through
a band pass filter whose transfer function is:
H(f) = 0.5+0.25(f-9) when 9<f<11
=0 otherwise
and frequency is in KHz.
The filtered signal; is passed throughout an ideal envelope detector which is followed
by an ideal low pass filter with cut off at 1.5 KHz. Find the signal power at the
output of the low pass filter. Use the following values of Bessel functions wherever
required. J0 (0.3)=0.99, J1 (0.3)=0.1, J2 (0.3)=0.01, J3 (0.3)=0.001, J4 (0.3)=0.0001.
[16]
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6. Using the circuit diagrams, show how the Foster-seeley discriminator is derived
from the balanced slope detector, and how, in turn, the ratio detector is derived
from the discriminator. In each step stress the common characteristics, and how
what it is that makes each circuit different from the previous one. [16]
7. Explain the SNR’s at Input and output of demodulators of DSB-SC and SSB-SC
and compare them. [16]
8. (a) What is Threshold in FM systems? Explain a mechanism by which threshold
can be improved.
(b) Explain the band pass nature of noise representation in communication sys-
tems.
[8+8]
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1. (a) How frequency translation is obtained- Explain using the spectrum of DSB-SC
wave.
(b) Compare various AM systems.
2. (a) For the balanced ring modulator circuit, the carrier input frequency fc = 500
kHz and modulating input signal frequency ranges from 0 to 5 kHz. Determine
output frequency range and output frequency for a single input frequency of
3.4 kHz.
(b) Why single sideband (SSB) modulation is not used in the transmission of
[8+8]
video signals? Explain. Discuss clearly about the modulation technique used
for transmission of video signals in commercial television broadcasting. [8+8]
3. (a) Explain the principle and operation of “slope Detector”.

(b) Give the block diagram for coherent detection of DSB-SC modulated wave
and explain the operation of it. Explain the process of frequency translation.
[7+9]
4. (a) A carrier is angle modulated by two sinusoidal modulating waveforms simul-
taneously so that v(t) = A cos(ωc t + β1 sin ω1 t + β2 sin ω2 t) . Show that this
waveform has sidebands separated from the carrier not only at multiples of ω1
and of ω2 but also has sidebands as well as separations of multiples of ω1 + ω2
and of ω1 - ω2 .
(b) Explain clearly the difference between AM, FM, and PM, beginning with the
definition of each type and the meaning of the modulation index in each case.
[9+7]
5. A signal A sin ω t is input to a square-law device (Eo = Em )2 . The output of which

is given to an FM Modulator as the modulating signal. The frequency deviation
characteristics of the FM Modulator is f = f c + KE(t).
Where E(t) is the modulation signal and K is a constant. Determine the FM Signal
and the frequency components in its spectrum. [16]
6. (a) Explain balanced slope detector for detecting FM signal.

(b) Compare the merits and demerits of various methods of FM demodulators
and which one of them is mostly used and why. [7+9]
7. (a) Why VSB system is widely used for TV broadcasting- Explain?

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(b) Show that the figure of merit of an SSB system using coherent detection is 1.
[8+8]
8. Write notes on: Threshold in FM and Threshold Improvement Technique. [16]
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com The Complete Information About Colleges in Andhra Pradesh

Code No: RR220401 Set No. 1

2. (a) How modulation can be achieved using non-linear characteristics of an active

5. (a) Describe variable reactance method of generation of FM carrier with necessary

6. (a) Explain how amplitude limiting is achieved in the FM Ratio detector.

7. (a) Derive an expression for effect of noise on conventional AM system.

Seminar Topics - Scholarships - Admission/Entrance Exam Notifications

www.andhracolleges.com Engineering-MBA-MCA-Medical-Pharmacy-B.Ed-Law Colleges Information

Code No: RR220401 Set No. 1

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Code No: RR220401 Set No. 2

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Code No: RR220401 Set No. 3

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Code No: RR220401 Set No. 3

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Code No: RR220401 Set No. 4

3. (a) Explain the principle and operation of “slope Detector”.

4. (a) A carrier is angle modulated by two sinusoidal modulating waveforms simul-

5. A signal A sin ω t is input to a square-law device (Eo = Em )2 . The output of which

6. (a) Explain balanced slope detector for detecting FM signal.

7. (a) Why VSB system is widely used for TV broadcasting- Explain?

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Code No: RR220401 Set No. 4

8. Write notes on: Threshold in FM and Threshold Improvement Technique. [16]

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