06 Rr410207 Electrical Distribution Systems

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Code No: RR410207 Set No. 1

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. Explain the various factors affecting the distribution system planning.
2. (a) At the end of a power distribution system, a certain feeder supplies three
distribution transformer, each one supplying a group of customers whose con-
nected loads are as under.
Transformer Load Demand factor Diversity

No.1
No.2
No.3
10kW
12kW
15kW
0.65
0.6
0.7
1.5
3.5
1.5
[16]
If the diversity factor among the transformer is 1.3, find the maximum load
on the feeder. [10]
(b) Explain: Load factor and diversity factor. [3+3=6]
3. What are the various factors that are to be considered in selecting a primary feeder
rating? Describe the arrangement with suitable diagram. [6+6+4]
4. Give a detailed analysis of square shaped and hexagonal shaped distribution sub-
station areas. [8+8]
5. (a) In terms of resistance and reactance of the circuit, derive the equation for load
power factor for which voltage drop is minimum. [6]
(b) An unbalanced 3-phase star connected load is connected to a balanced 3-
phase, 4-wire source. The load impedances ZR , ZY and ZB are given as ,
706 300 , 856 − 400 and 506 350 ohms per phase respectively and the phase ‘R’
line voltage has an effective value of 13.8 KV. Use the line to neutral voltage
of phase ‘R’ as the reference and determine the line and neutral currents and
total real and reactive powers. [6+4=10]
6. (a) What are the types of common faults that occur in a distribution system?
Explain them with proper line diagram. [4+4=8]
(b) Considering a typical example, describe the procedure for fault current calcu-
lations in a distribution system, mentioning the assumptions to be made for
the analysis. [5+3=8]
7. A 3-phase transformer rated 7000KVA and has a over load capability of 125% of
the rating. If the connected load is 1150KVA with a 0.8 pf (lag), determine the
following :
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(a) The KVAR rating of shunt capacitor bank required to decrease the KVA load
of the transformer to its capability level,
(b) the p.f. of the corrected level,
(c) the KVAR rating of the shunt capacitor bank required to correct the load p.f.
to unity. [6+4+6]
8. (a) Write short notes on any two methods of voltage control? [3+3=6]
(b) “Voltage control and p.f. correction why these are necessary in power systems?
What are the disadvantages of low voltage and low p.f. of the system? [5+3+2]
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1. Examine the present trend for the future distribution system planning.
2. (a) Explain how the load growth in a distribution system can be obtained.
(b) A distribution substation experiences an annual peak load of 3,500 kW. The
total annual energy supplied to the primary feeder circuits is 107 kW h. Find
i. the annual average power
ii. the annual load factor
3. (a) What are the various factors that influence the voltage levels in the design
and operation of the distribution system? [5+5]
[16]
[8]
[4]
[4]
(b) A 3 phase radial express feeder has a line to line voltage of 22.0 kv at the
receiving end, a total impedance of 5.25 + j10.95Ω/phase, and a load of 5
MW with a lagging power factor of 0.90. Determine the following:
i. The line to neutral and line to line voltages at the sending end.
ii. The load angle. [2+2+2=6]
4. How do you analyse a substation service area with ‘n’ primary feeders. [16]
5. Consider the singe phase radial distributor shown in the following figure 5
Figure 5
the magnitude of load currents, p.fs and distances are indicated in the figure. The
resistance and reactance of each wire are 0.1 ohm and 0.2ohms per km respectively.
It is required to maintain voltage at point B as 2306 00 Volts, find
(a) voltage drop in the three sections

(b) total voltage drop in the feeder
(c) supply voltage, current and power factor
(d) KVA output of supply
The p.f. angles of individual loads are w.r.t. voltage at point B. [4x4=16]
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6. (a) Explain the principle of operation of line sectionalizer. [6]
(b) Explain the coordination procedure between fuse and circuit breaker. [10]
7. (a) Explain the effect of shunt compensation on distribution system. [6]

(b) A 3-phase substation transformer has a name plate rating of 7250KVA and a
thermal capability of 120% of the name plate rating. If the connected load is
8816KVA with a 0.85pf lagging p.f., determine the following :
i. The KVAR rating of the shunt capacitor bank required to decrease the
KVA load of the transformer to its capability level. [6]
ii. The power factor of the corrected level [4]
8. (a) Why we need to control the voltage of power system? Explain in detail. [8]
(b) Compare and explain the role of shunt and series capacitor in voltage control.
[4+4]
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1. (a) What is the need for mathematical models to represent the system? Name
the different operations research techniques used by planners, for planning a
distribution system.
in the near future.
2. (a) Explain the following terms

i. maximum demand
ii. coincident demand and
[6+4]
(b) Discuss about the three factors which affect the distribution system planning
[6]
[3]
[2]
iii. non - coincident demand. [3]
(b) Explain following factors
i. Contribution factor [3]
ii. load diversity [3]
iii. loss factor [2]
3. What are the various factors that are to be considered in selecting a primary feeder
rating? Describe the arrangement with suitable diagram. [6+6+4]
4. How do you analyse a substation service area with ‘n’ primary feeders. [16]
5. (a) Derive an approximate voltage-drop equation of primary feeder and give the
condition for load power factor at which voltage drop is maximum. [6+4=10]
(b) Consider a single-phase, 2-wire secondary distributor of length ‘l’ meters from
the distribution transformer. At a length of ‘l1′ meters from source, a load of
‘I1′ amps with a p.f. of cos φ1 (lag) is tapped. At a length of ‘l2 meters from
first load, a second load of I2 amps with a power factor cos φ2 (lead) is taped.
At a length of ‘l3′ meters from second load, a third load of ‘I3′ amps with a UPF
is tapped. If resistance and reactance of each wire are r and x ohms/meter
respectively, derive approximate voltage drop equation in the distributor. [6]
6. (a) What are the types of common faults that occur in a distribution system?
Explain them with proper line diagram. [4+4=8]
(b) Considering a typical example, describe the procedure for fault current calcu-
lations in a distribution system, mentioning the assumptions to be made for
the analysis. [5+3=8]

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following :
to unity. [6+4+6]
8. (a) Write short notes on any two methods of voltage control? [3+3=6]
(b) “Voltage control and p.f. correction why these are necessary in power systems?
What are the disadvantages of low voltage and low p.f. of the system? [5+3+2]
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1. Discuss the objectives of distribution system planning.
2. (a) What is meant by the term load? How loads can be classified?
(b) Define: Demand, load duration curve and Annual load duration curve.[2+2+2]
(c) Explain how maximum demand and average demand can be obtained from
daily demand variation curve. [3+3]
3. Draw the one line diagram of radial type primary feeder and mention the factors
that influences the selection of primary feeder. [6+10]
[16]
[2+2]
4. (a) What are the various factors that are to be considered in selecting substation
location. [6]
(b) Compare the four and six feeders patterns. [5+5=10]
5. Consider the singe phase radial distributor shown in the following figure 5
www.andhracolleges.com Figure 5
the magnitude of load currents, p.fs and distances are indicated in the figure. The
resistance and reactance of each wire are 0.1 ohm and 0.2ohms per km respectively.
It is required to maintain voltage at point B as 2306 00 Volts, find
(a) voltage drop in the three sections

(b) total voltage drop in the feeder
(c) supply voltage, current and power factor
(d) KVA output of supply
The p.f. angles of individual loads are w.r.t. voltage at point B. [4x4=16]
6. (a) What are the main objectives of distribution protection? Discuss. [4+6]

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(b) The per unit values of positive, negative and zero sequence reactances of a
network at fault are 0.08, 0.07 and 0.05 respectively. Determine the fault
current if the fault is double line to ground. [6]
following :
to unity. [6+4+6]
8. (a) Briefly explain the line drop compensation on voltage control. [6]
(b) How an AVB can control voltage? With the aid of suitable diagram explain
its function. [5+5=10]
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06 Rr410207 Electrical Distribution Systems

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Code No: RR410207 Set No. 1

Transformer Load Demand factor Diversity

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Code No: RR410207 Set No. 1

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Code No: RR410207 Set No. 2

(a) voltage drop in the three sections

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Code No: RR410207 Set No. 2

7. (a) Explain the effect of shunt compensation on distribution system. [6]

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Code No: RR410207 Set No. 3

in the near future.

2. (a) Explain the following terms

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Code No: RR410207 Set No. 3

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Code No: RR410207 Set No. 4

(a) voltage drop in the three sections

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Code No: RR410207 Set No. 4

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