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BASIC CONCEPTS
The basic concepts in mechanics are
space, time, mass and force. Among
these, space, time, mass are absolute
quantities, which mean that they are
independent of each other and cannot be
expressed in terms of other quantities or in
simpler terms. Force, on the other hand, is
a derived quantity.
NEWTONS LAWS
Law I. (Equation of Equilibrium) A particle
remains at rest or continues to move with uniform
velocity (along a straight line with a constant
speed) if there is no unbalanced force acting on it.
r
F = 0
NEWTONS LAWS
Law II. (Equation of Motion)The acceleration of
a particle is proportional to the resultant force
acting on it and is in the direction of this force.
r
r
F = ma
m
F = ma = kg 2 = Newton (N)
s
NEWTONS LAWS
Law III. (Principle of Action and
Reaction) The forces of action and reaction
between interacting bodies are equal in
magnitude, opposite in direction, and
collinear.
F =G
m1m2
r2
m1m2
r2
F =G
r2
G = 6.673 10
11
m3
kg s 2
F r2
N m2
kg m m 2
m3
G=
=
= 2
=
m1m 2
kg kg s kg kg
kg s 2
UNITS
The International System of metric units
(SI) is defined and used in this lecture.
Units
Quantity
Mass
Time
Length
Force
r
r
Symbol
F = ma
m
t
L
F
Unit
kg
s
m
N
(kilogram)
(second)
(meter)
(Newton)