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University of Winnipeg ECO Kids 2011

Magnets have been known for centuries.


The Chinese and Greeks knew about the
magical properties of magnets. The ancient
Greeks used a stone substance called
magnetite. They discovered that the stone
always pointed in the same direction. Later,
stones of magnetite called lodestones were
used in navigation.

University of Winnipeg ECO Kids 2011

William Gilbert, an
English physician, first
proposed in 1600 that the
earth itself is a magnet,
and he predicted that the
Earth would be found to
have magnetic poles.

University of Winnipeg ECO Kids 2011

What is Magnetism?

Magnetism is the force of


attraction or repulsion
of a magnetic material
due to the arrangement
of its atoms,
particularly its
electrons.

University of Winnipeg ECO Kids 2011

The ends of a magnet are where the magnetic effect


is the strongest. These are called poles. Each
magnet has 2 poles 1 north, 1 south.

University of Winnipeg ECO Kids 2011

Like repels like

Opposites attract!

University of Winnipeg ECO Kids 2011

Poles of a magnet always


Come in pairs!

University of Winnipeg ECO Kids 2011

If you cut a magnet in half,

you get 2 magnets!


University of Winnipeg ECO Kids 2011

Magnetic Fields

Th e re g io n w h e re th e m a g n e tic fo rc e s
a c t is c a lle d th e m a g n e tic fie ld
University of Winnipeg ECO Kids 2011

Atoms themselves have magnetic properties due


to the spin of the atoms electrons.
Groups of atoms join so that their magnetic fields
are all going in the same direction
These areas of atoms are called domains

University of Winnipeg ECO Kids 2011

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W h en a n u n m a g n etized su bsta n ce is pla ced in a m a g n etic


field, th e su bsta n ce ca n beco m e m a g n etized.
Th is h a ppen s wh en th e spin n in g electro n s lin e u p in th e
sa m e directio n .

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An unmagnetized substance
looks like this

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While a magnetized substance looks


like this

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How to break a magnet:


1. Drop it
2. Heat it
This causes the
domains to become
random again!
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The Earth is a magnet:


Magnetic South Pole
Geographic North Pole

It exerts magnetic forces


and is surrounded by a
magnetic field that is
strongest near the
North and South
magnetic poles

Geographic South Pole


Magnetic North Pole
University of Winnipeg ECO Kids 2011

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Magnetic North Pole

Sometimes, the
Earths
magnetic poles
flip. This
happens every
half-million
years or so.

Magnetic South Pole

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We use the Earths magnetic


field to find direction.

The needle of a compass always points


toward the magnetic south pole.
We call this direction North (remember, opposites attract)
University of Winnipeg ECO Kids 2011

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The sun has a magnetic


field, too. It extends far
above the sun's surface.

Other planets in the


solar system also have
these magnetic fields
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When a charged particle enters a magnetic


field, an electric force is exerted on it. If a
charged particle moves at an angle to a
magnetic field, the magnetic force acting on it
will cause it to move in a spiral around the
magnetic field lines.
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The solar wind is constantly bombarding the


Earths magnetic field. Sometimes these charged
particles penetrate that field. These particles are
found in two large regions known as the Van
Allen Belts.

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The Earths magnetic field extends far into


space. It is called the magnetosphere.

When the magnetic particles from the sun, called


solar wind, strike this magnetosphere, we see a
phenomenon called
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The Aurora Borealis in the Northern Hemisphere

And the Aurora Australis in the Southern Hemisphere

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"Mr.Lukie, may I be excused? My brain is full!!!


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