Tsunami

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Etymology
The term tsunami comes from the Japanese , composed of the two kanji (tsu) meaning
"harbour" and (nami), meaning "wave". (For the plural, one can either follow ordinary English
practice and add an s, or use an invariable plural as in the Japanese.[7])
Tsunami are sometimes referred to as tidal waves, which are unusually high sea waves that are
triggered especially by earthquakes.[8] In recent years, this term has fallen out of favor, especially
in the scientific community, because tsunami actually have nothing to do withtides. The oncepopular term derives from their most common appearance, which is that of an extraordinarily
high tidal bore. Tsunami and tides both produce waves of water that move inland, but in the case
of tsunami the inland movement of water may be much greater, giving the impression of an
incredibly high tide. Although the meanings of "tidal" include "resembling" [9] or "having the form or
character of"[10]the tides, and the term tsunami is no more accurate because tsunami are not
limited to harbours, use of the term tidal wave is discouraged by geologists and oceanographers.

The Cause of a Tsunami

Tsunamis can occur if there is a disorder that causes the displacement of a large amount of
water, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides or meteorite that fell to Earth.
However, 90% is due to the earthquake-tsunami underwater. In some historical footage of
tsunami caused by volcanic eruptions, such as the eruption of Mount Krakatoa.
Vertical movement in the Earth's crust, can lead to the seafloor up or down suddenly,
resulting in disruption of water balance are in it. This resulted in the energy flow of sea water,
which when arriving at the beach into a large wave resulting tsunami.
Tsunami wave speed depends on the depth of the sea where the waves occurs, where the
speed can reach hundreds of kilometers per hour. When the tsunami reaches the coast, the
speed will be approximately 50 km / h and energy very damaging coastal path. In the middle
of the ocean tsunami wave height is only a few centimeters to a few meters, but when it
reaches shore wave height can reach tens of meters for water buildup period. When
reaching the coast inland tsunami will crawl away from the coastline with a range of a few
hundred meters to several kilometers even.
This vertical movement can occur on the earth fault or fault. The earthquake also occurred in
subduction zones, where oceanic plates infiltrates under the continental plate.
Landslides on the seabed and volcanic debris can also lead to disruption of sea water that
can generate tsunamis. The earthquake that caused the movement perpendicular to the
layer of earth. Consequently, heaving sea floor abruptly so that the balance of sea water
above it disturbed. Similarly, cosmic or meteor that fell from above. If the size of the meteor
or landslide is big enough, it can happen megatsunami that reaches hundreds of meters.

The earthquake that caused the tsunami

The earthquake centered in the middle of the sea and shallow (0-30 km)
An earthquake with a force of at least 6.5 on the Richter Scale
An earthquake with a reverse fault or fault pattern down

How Tsunami Occur

Tsunamis can occur if there is a disorder that causes the displacement of a large amount of
water, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides or meteorite that fell to Earth.
However, 90% is due to the earthquake-tsunami underwater. In some historical footage of
tsunami caused by volcanic eruptions, such as the eruption of Mount Krakatoa.
Vertical movement in the Earth's crust, can lead to the seafloor up or down suddenly,
resulting in disruption of water balance are in it. This resulted in the energy flow of sea water,
which when arriving at the beach into a large wave resulting tsunami.
Tsunami wave speed depends on the depth of the sea where the waves occurs, where the
speed can reach hundreds of kilometers per hour. When the tsunami reaches the coast, the
speed will be approximately 50 km / h and energy very damaging coastal path. In the middle
of the ocean tsunami wave height is only a few centimeters to a few meters, but when it
reaches shore wave height can reach tens of meters for water buildup period. When
reaching the coast inland tsunami will crawl away from the coastline with a range of a few
hundred meters to several kilometers even.
This vertical movement can occur on the earth fault or fault. The earthquake also occurred in
subduction zones, where oceanic plates infiltrates under the continental plate.
Landslides on the seabed and volcanic debris can also lead to disruption of sea water that
can generate tsunamis. The earthquake that caused the movement perpendicular to the
layer of earth. Consequently, heaving sea floor abruptly so that the balance of sea water
above it disturbed. Similarly, cosmic or meteor that fell from above. If the size of the meteor
or landslide is big enough, it can happen megatsunami that reaches hundreds of meters.

Some Example Of Location Where Tsunami Occur

- Alaska
- Japan
- Chile
- Philipines
- Indonesia

Casualties
Disaster type is Earthquake and Tsunami, Time Events on Sunday December 26, 2004 At
7:58 pm. Magnitude 8.9 on the Richter Scale (RS). Place Disaster Nanggroe Aceh
Darussalam (NAD). The total number of the total population in NAD is 4,104,187, the
number who died 173 741, 394 539 the number of refugees.
Data Source : Bakornas PBP - Depkes - Depsos -Media Center Lembaga Informasi
Nasional (LIN), Updated Senin, 31 Januari 2005

Economic Impact
Natural disasters shrinking productive capacity on a large scale that result in financial loss.
Therefore, natural disasters requires the recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction in order
to return to normal economic life. However, all of this has consequences that often exceeds
the capability of financing the economy in the affected areas. Socio-economic needs of the
large costs for rehabilitation and reconstruction swallow development outcomes.
For Indonesia, it is felt from the impact of disasters. The amount of damage and losses
caused by the disaster is huge. Tsunami (2004) caused damage and loss of Rp 39 trillion