Grade 12

PHYSICAL SCIENCES
EXAM PAPER 2
Time: 3 hours

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

Read the following carefully before answering the questions that follow:
1.

Answer ALL the questions.

2.

Number the questions exactly as the questions are numbered.

3.

Start the answer to each question at the top of a new page.

4.

All sketches are to be done in pencil and labelled in ink.

5.

Write neatly and legibly.

6.

Non-programmable calculators can be used.

7.

The diagrams in the question paper are not necessarily drawn to scale.

Marks: 150

PHYSICAL SCIENCES
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SECTION A
QUESTION 1
Various possible answers are provided for each question. Write the letter only of the correct
answer next to the corresponding number.

1.1

1.2

1.3

Which one of the following pairs of compounds contains members of the same
homologous series?
A

C2H4 and C4H10

C3H6 and C5H8

CH4O and C2H4O2

C2H4O2 and C3H6O2

(2)

Methanoic acid can be prepared via the

A

oxidation of methanol.

reduction of methanol.

fermentation of methanol.

hydrogenation of methanol.

(2)

The ratio of the number of carbon atoms to the number of hydrogen atoms in a
particular alkene can be
A

6 14

48

38

22

(2)

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1.4

Poly(ethene) is manufactured when ethene is heated to a relatively high temperature

under a high pressure. The reaction is correctly illustrated in:

(2)
1.5

Crystals of potassium dichromate, K2CrO4, are dissolved in 10 cm3 of water. The

solution is yellow in colour. With the careful addition of nitric acid the solution turns to
orange. The following equilibrium reaction occurs:
2

2CrO4 (aq)

2H (aq)

Cr2O7 (aq)

yellow

H2O (l)

H > 0

orange

Which set of factors below would favour the formation of orange dichromate ions?
A

Adding a few drops of NaOH solution

Stirring the mixture

Decreasing the temperature

Increasing the temperature

(2)

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1.6

The following reaction reaches equilibrium in a closed container:

2A2X (aq)

BA2 (g)

3A2 (aq)

BX2 (s)

H < 0

The pressure in the container is then decreased.

What effect does this have on the rate of the reverse reaction and the concentration of
A2?
Rate of reverse reaction

Concentration of A2

increases

increases

decreases

decreases

decreases

increases

increases

decreases
(2)

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1.7

The following reversible reaction reaches equilibrium in a closed container:

H2 (g)

I2 (g)

H < 0

2HI3 (g)

Equilibrium was first established after 5 minutes. (The broken line represents the
reverse reaction.)

What change in the conditions was made at 10 minutes to change the rate of the
reaction as indicated on the graph?

1.8

A catalyst was added.

The temperature was increased.

The temperature was decreased.

The external pressure on the reaction mixture was decreased.

(2)

Consider the following equilibrium reaction:

C2H4 (g)

H2 (g)

C2H6 (g)

H < 0
2

For this reaction, the KC value was found to be 2 x 10 at a certain temperature. To

3
change the KC value to 6 x 10 ...
A

the temperature has to be increased.

the temperature has to be decreased.

the pressure has to be increased.

a catalyst has to be added.

(2)

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1.9

The following potential energy curve represents the reaction given by the equation
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g)
2SO3 (g).

The equation for the reverse reaction is 2SO3 (g)

2SO2 (g) + O2 (g). Which of the
following are the values for H and Ea for the reverse reaction?
H (kJ)

Ea (kJ)

+96

20

+96

+40

96

136

+96

+136
(2)

1.10

An amount of 0,5 mol of nitrogen gas represents

A

7 g nitrogen

14 g nitrogen

0,5 14 (6,02 10 ) nitrogen atoms

0,5 (6,02 10 ) nitrogen atoms

23

23

(2)
[20]

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QUESTION 2
Complete the following statements by filling in the missing word or phrase.
2.1

2.2

2.3

When ammonia gas is prepared in the laboratory, it is not collected by the displacement
of water because _______________.

(1)

Factors which have the most detrimental effect on the Haber process are high
temperature and _____________.

(1)

The following reaction reaches equilibrium:

N2 (g)

H2 (g)

2NH3 (g)

The addition of a suitable catalyst has no effect on ____________.

2.4

The equilibrium expression for the reaction:

NH3 (g)

2.5

(1)

H2O (l)

NH4 (aq) +

OH (aq)

is KC = ______________________.

(1)

When margarine is manufactured from unsaturated vegetable oil, the reaction that
occurs when the fats are hardened can be described as ______________.

(1)
[5]

TOTAL FOR SECTION A - 25 marks

PHYSICAL SCIENCES
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SECTION B
QUESTION 3
Transporting chemicals is a hazardous job, especially in the event of an accident. The following
extract was found as an introduction to an article Its time to standardise dangerous goods
transport written by Paul Collings in the magazine Fleetwatch.
I used to sell detergents. I owned one of those bring-your-own bottle soap-on-tap
shops. And I used to run it JIT, which meant I carried stock from the factory to the
suburbs almost every day in my bakkie. At the back and in the cab was a half-ton
load of chemicals in 25 plastic drums black dip, drain cleaner, liquid chlorine,
sulphuric acid, ammonia, floor polish, paint stripper, you name it. I might have
been a rich man today, if it wasnt for those leaking drums.
Joe Soap, (burn victim and ex detergent merchant).
The sketch in the introduction serves to illustrate how nave the general public is
with regards to the transport of dangerous goods. It is a complex business with a
great deal of legal and scientific information underpinning the trouble-free carriage
of hazardous materials from point A to point B.
Consider a palette of goods en route to a distribution point at a supermarket.
Chances are it contains wax polish, bleach, cigarette lighters, swimming pool acid,
butane in deodorant cans and benzene, to name just a few potentially lethal
ingredients. This happens every day all over the country. We are all watching
bombs drive by.

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

Why do you think that is necessary to standardise the transport of dangerous goods in
South Africa?

(2)

What do you think accounts for the lack of awareness that exists amongst those who
transport hazardous substances? How do you think this problem could possibly be
solved?

(2)

Consider a consignment of bleach, toilet cleaner and drain cleaner. If these chemicals
combine when the truck is involved in a road accident, they may release chlorine fumes.
What do you imagine the possible consequences of this could be?

(4)

Hydrochloric acid is the acid used in swimming pools. The driver of the truck
transporting this acid does not understand its chemistry. A 25 container of acid is spilt
during transport. The driver considers using water to rinse the acid out of his bakkie.
What are the potential dangers in this plan?

(2)
[10]

PHYSICAL SCIENCES
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QUESTION 4
Consider the equilibrium reaction:
NH3 (g)

+ HCl (g)

NH4Cl (s)

H < 0

Ammonium chloride is heated in a spoon. Two strips of damp universal indicator, A and B, are
held above the spoon. As colour changes after a short time and a little while later B also
changes but it does not acquire the same colour as A. (The colour of universal indicator is red in
an acid and blue in a basic medium.)
4.1

What colour does A take on? Give the formula of the substance responsible for the
colour change.

(2)

What colour does B take on? Give the formula of the substance responsible for the
change.

(2)

4.3

Why does A change colour before B?

(2)

4.4

As the gases above the solid cool, white smoke is seen. What does the white cloud
represent?

(2)

4.2

[8]

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QUESTION 5
1,5 moles of hydrogen gas and 1 mole of oxygen gas are pumped into an empty 200 cm3
container at a temperature of 120 C which is then sealed. The following equilibrium was
established in the container:
2H2 (g)

+ O2 (g)

2H2O (g)

H < 0

Analysis of the equilibrium mixture showed that the mass of oxygen in the container is 12,8 g.
5.1

Use the above information to calculate the value of the equilibrium constant at 120 C.

(7)

5.2

When the pressure in the container is decreased at constant temperature, what is the
effect on the amount of O2? (Answer increases, decreases or remains the same.)

(2)

When the temperature changes to 55 C, what is the effect on KC? (Answer increases,
decreases or remains the same.)

(2)

5.3

[11]

PHYSICAL SCIENCES
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QUESTION 6
The reaction of iron with steam is represented by the equation:
3 Fe (s)

4 H2O (g)

Fe3O4 (s)

+ 4 H2 (g)

If exactly 5 moles of iron and 10 moles of steam are heated in a closed 1 dm3 container, the
reaction reaches equilibrium after 4 minutes. After 8 minutes the temperature is decreased.
The graph shows the change in the reaction rate over an interval of 12 minutes.

6.1

Write down the balanced equation for the reaction represented by the broken line.

(2)

6.2

Is the reaction represented by the continuous line exothermic or endothermic?

(2)

6.3

Give a reason for your answer in 6.2 by referring to the graph.

(2)

6.4

What is represented by the horizontal section of the graph?

(2)

6.5

How would the addition of a suitable catalyst affect the graph after the twelfth minute?

(2)

6.6

If the reaction mixture contains exactly 1,5 moles of Fe3O4 (s) at equilibrium after the
increase in temperature, calculate the value of the equilibrium constant (KC) at this
temperature.

(7)

6.7

What effect did the decrease in temperature at 8 minutes have on:

(a) the value of KC?

(2)

(b) the equilibrium concentration of H2O (g)?

(2)
[21]

PHYSICAL SCIENCES
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QUESTION 7
Large quantities of ethanol are manufactured for industrial use. Ethanol can be prepared by the
fermentation of sugar solutions using enzymes. Countries like Mauritius, which have large sugar
plantations, prefer fermentation processes for the production of fuel.
7.1

Explain how fermentation using sugar can cause very little damage to the environment.

(2)

7.2

In Brazil, either pure ethanol or a mixture of ethanol and petrol is used for fuel in cars.
Give a balanced equation for the combustion of ethanol in excess air.

(3)

Ethanol is also used to make other organic molecules like ethanoic acid, for example. Ethanoic
acid can be prepared in the laboratory by the oxidation of ethanol by acidified potassium
dichromate. The equation for the oxidation half-reaction is:
C2H6O

H2O

C2H4O2

4H+

4e

7.3

Use the reduction table to write down the balanced reduction half-reaction.

(2)

7.4

When potassium dichromate reacts with ethanol, what colour change is observed?

(1)

7.5

Write down the nett ionic reaction excluding spectator ions.

(4)

7.6

Write down the IUPAC name and structural formula for an ester which has the same
molecular formula as ethanoic acid, but whose structural formula is different.

(3)

Ethene, C2H2, is produced when ethanol vapour is passed over heated aluminium oxide.
7.7

Write down a balanced equation for this reaction.

(3)

7.8

What type of reaction is taking place in 7.7?

(2)
[20]

PHYSICAL SCIENCES
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QUESTION 8
The following reaction:
C2H4 (g)

H2 (g)

H < 0

C2H6 (g)

is in equilibrium in a closed system at a temperature T.

8.1

During which industrial process is this reaction significant?

(1)

8.2

What does it mean when we say that a system is in equilibrium?

(2)

8.3

State Le Chateliers principle in words.

(3)

8.4

Would increasing or decreasing the temperature T result in higher yield of C2H6 (g)?
Give a reason for your answer.

(3)

0,6 moles of C2H4 (g) and 0,5 moles of H2 (g) react in a 500 cm3 closed container.
When equilibrium is established at temperature T, it is found that 0,4 moles of C2H6 (g)
are present in the container. Determine the equilibrium constant at temperature T.

(6)

8.5

8.6

Pressure in the container is increased by adding an inert gas at constant volume and
temperature. What would be the effect on
(a) the amount of ethane at equilibrium?

(2)

(b) the magnitude of the equilibrium constant?

(2)
[19]

QUESTION 9
When methane gas burns in oxygen, the products are carbon dioxide and water. The following
balanced chemical equation represents this reaction.
CH4

2O2

CO2

2H2O

The following equation represents the structural formula of each substance in the reaction.

H
|
H C H

2 O = O

O = C = O

2 O H

PHYSICAL SCIENCES
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9.1

Use this table of average bond energies to calculate the total energy needed to break
all the bonds in the reactant molecules.
Bond

Energy (kJmol1)

HH

436

CH

414

OH

460

CC

347

C=O

799

O=O

499

NN

946
(2)

9.2

Calculate the total energy released when all the bonds in the product molecules form.

(2)

9.3

Decide whether the reaction between methane and oxygen is exothermic or

endothermic. Give a reason for your answer.

(3)

Draw an energy profile diagram for this reaction. Indicate H on your sketch.

(3)

9.4

[10]

PHYSICAL SCIENCES
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QUESTION 10
In the following energy profile diagram, the x-axis represents the extent of reaction. The y-axis
represents the energy of the reactants or products.

10.1

Provide names for labels 1 to 4.

(4)

10.2

Calculate the activation energy for the forward reaction shown on the graph.

(3)

10.3

Calculate the overall enthalpy of this reaction.

(3)
[10]

QUESTION 11
11.1

You want to make a 2 moldm3 solution of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) in a 250 cm3
volumetric flask.
Calculate the mass of ammonium nitrate that you need to make this solution.

11.2

(6)

Andile heated up a sample of mercury oxide to try to collect a sample of oxygen gas. He
obtained the following results.

50 g mercury(II) oxide heated in a test tube

46,31 g oxygen gas collected

a)

Calculate the mass of oxygen in 50 g mercury oxide.

(2)

b)

Determine how many moles of oxygen atoms this mass represents.

(3)

c)

Calculate how many moles of mercury atoms there are in 46,31 g mercury.

(3)

d)

Find the empirical formula of mercury(II) oxide.

(3)
[17]

TOTAL FOR SECTION B - 125 marks

[TOTAL: 150 marks]