Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
TECNOLOGA E INNOVACIN
EN PAVIMENTOS DE CONCRETO
LIMA 29 MARZO 2010
ORGANIZADO POR:
ENSAYO ACELERADO DE
PAVIMENTOS DE CONCRETO
CON LOSAS OPTIMIZADA
Lima, Peru
29 de Marzo 2010
Acknowledgements
University of So Paulo
RESEARCH SPONSORS
TCPavements, Limitada (Santiago, CHILE)
www.tcpavements.com
No joints sealing
Full-scale evaluation
1.8m
40m
Fiber reinforced
concrete
Plain concrete
1.8m
Concrete
1.8m
2
free edge
ACB
1
(a)
h= 10cm
~18cm
h= 15 cm
(a)
40m
1.8m
1.8m
2
free edge
(b)
h= 15 cm
1.8m
1.8m
h= 20 cm
Concrete
40m
Aggregate Base
1.8m
1.8m
Nonwoven geotextile
2
1
free edge
h= 9cm
(c)
h= 9cm
(b)
15cm
Subgrade Preparation
Quantity (kg/m3)
Coarse Aggregate
1128
Fine Aggregate
720
Cement
250
83
Water
140
3.6
Daracem 19*
w/cm = 0.42
Flexural Strength
= 6.7 MPa
Final Concrete
Placement
Sawcutting Operation
Instrumentation Layout
Instrumentation Types
Thermocouples
STRAIN GAGES
FWD Testing
November 2007
0.1 mm = 4 mils
ATLAS
(Advanced Transportation Loading ASsembly)
Winch
End Weldment
Main Beams
End Weldment
Engine &
Hydraulics
Carriage
3.6m
Track System
38m
Total =80,000 kg
Track System
Aircraft
44kN
90kN
130kN
220kN
ACCELERATED
PAVEMENT
TESTING
January 2008
229,000 ESALs without any cracking
Frozen base/subgrade (CBR~100)
P
40
4 .2
Determinations of Magnification
Factor ( ) for Channelized Traffic
4
N a 225000
MOR
ne
N allow( n )
ne
N allow(18)
Section 3B 9 cm FRC
TENSILE STRAIN
8 mm - F iber R einforc ed C onc rete
S trains - Winter
350
22kN
40kN
300
250
58 E
200
59 J
150
100
59 E
50
0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
P as s es
Winter 2008
10000
12000
14000
8M
8L
8R
22kN
0.25
40kN
51
51
52
52
52
53
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
P as s es
Winter 2008
10000
12000
14000
M
R
L
M
R
L
Section 3B 9 cm FRC
VERTICAL DEFLECTIONS
G ranular B as e - 8 mm F ibers R einforc ed C onc rete
VE R T IC A L L VDT S
0.3
22kN
0.25
40kN
0.2
57
58
58
58
59
59
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
P as s es
Winter 2008
10000
12000
14000
R
L
M
R
L
M
Section 3 (South)
9 cm Edge Loading (22, 40, 53 kN)
Plain (slabs 49 to 55)
FRC (slabs 56 to 62)
Fibers
March 2009
Plain Concrete
SECTION 3 (South)
CRACK DEVELOPMENT
4/21/08
Final
9 cm - FRC
9 cm - Plain
4/19/08
193,000 ESALs
234,000 ESALs
235,000 ESALs
SECTION 3 (South)
Summary of Cracked Slabs (9
cm)
ESAL
Load
(kN)
Load
40kN
4.2
* Passes *
Cracks
9 cm
Plain /
Granular
Cracks
9cm FRC /
Granular
Passes
Cumulative
Passes
ESALs
Cumulative
ESALs
22
2,643
2,643
4,477
4,477
0/7
0/7
22
2,778
5,421
4,706
9,183
0/7
0/7
40
3,000
8,421
60,000
69,183
0/7
0/7
40
309
8,730
6,180
75,363
0/7
0/7
40
5,875
14,605
117,500
192,863
4/7
1/7
40
2,053
16,658
41,060
233,923
4/7
2/7
53
10
16,668
670
234,592
7/7
3/7
Total
16,668
7/7
3/7
234,592
Cracking on 9 cm Section
Section 3A (South)
9 cm Plain Concrete
VERTICAL DEFLECTIONS
8 mm - Plain Concrete - Vertical LVDT - Spring
0.3
53 kN
0.25
22 kN
40 kN
0.2
51 M
51 R
52 L
52 M
52 R
53 L
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
Passes
10000
12000
14000
16000
Section 3B (South)
9 cm FRC
VERTICAL DEFLECTIONS
8 mm - Fiber Reinforce Concrete - Vertical LVDT - Spring
0.3
0.25
53 kN
22 kN
40 kN
0.2
57 R
58 L
58 M
58 R
59 L
59 M
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
Passes
10000
12000
14000
16000
Section 3 (South)
9 cm PCC & FRC
LOAD TRANSFER EFFICIENCY
Section 3 - LTE
160
140
22 kN
Efficiency (%)
120
40 kN
53 kN
100
80
Joint 51
60
Joint 58
40
20
0
0
5000
10000
Passes
15000
Section 3 North
9 cm Longitudinal Joint (40 kN)
Longitudinal Joint
FRC
Plain
9 cm - Plain
Slab 49
50
51
51
52
52
53
53
9 cm - FRC
4700 ESALs
56
Slab 56
57
57
58
58
59
59
60
60
60
54
54
61
61
61
55
55
62
62
62
90
80
Plain (South)
70
FRC (South)
60
50
40
30
Plain, Longitudinal
(North)
20
FRC, Longitudinal
(North)
10
0.00E+00
5.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.50E+05
ESALs
2.00E+05
2.50E+05
SECTION 2 (North)
CRACK FORMATION
5/9/08
Slab 23
24
25
Slab 34
35
36
26
37
5/10/08
27
28
38
39
29
40
5/12/08
30
31
32
41
42
43
33
44
20 cm
15 cm
5/5/08
14 Million ESALs
Cumulative
Passes
Cumulative
ESALs
Cracks
15 cm /
Granular
Cumulative
ESALs
Cracks
20 cm /
Granular
40
7287
12,662
139,182
0/7
118,778
0/7
66
6150
13,437
1,143,042
0/7
975,476
0/7
89
10,227
23,664
6,731,462
0/7
5,744,651
0/7
111
6995
30,659
16,489,232
2/7
14,071,963
0/7
111
2651
33,310
20,187,281
3/7
17,227,889
0/7
111
1655
34,965
22,495,945
3/7
19,198,111
0/7
156
75
35,040
22,925,840
4/7
19,564,984
0/7
TOTAL
35,040
Load
(kN)
4/7
0/7
Section 2A (South)
15cm Plain Concrete
TENSILE STRAINS
S ec tion
- S train
150
mm2A- Strain
350
40kN
67kN
89kN
111kN
156kN
300
250
200
30J
30E
150
31J
31E
100
50
0
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
P as s es
25000
30000
35000
40000
Section 2B (South)
20cm Plain Concrete
TENSILE STRAINS
S E C T IO N 2B - S train
200 mm - Strain
350
40kN
67kN
89kN
111kN
156kN
300
250
200
37J
37E
150
38J
38E
100
50
0
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
P as s es
25000
30000
35000
40000
Section 2A (South)
15cm Plain Concrete
VERTICAL DEFLECTIONS
S E C T IO N 2A
- VE
R T IC AL L VDT S
150
mm
0.35
40kN
67kN
89kN
111kN
156kN
0.3
0.25
29R
0.2
30L
30M
0.15
30R
31L
0.1
31M
0.05
0
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
P as s es
25000
30000
35000
40000
Section 2B (South)
20cm Plain Concrete
VERTICAL DEFLECTIONS
S E C T IO N 2B - VE R T IC AL L VDT S
200 mm
0.35
40kN
67kN
89kN
111kN
156kN
0.3
0.25
36R
0.2
37L
37M
0.15
37R
38L
0.1
38M
0.05
0
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
P as s es
25000
30000
35000
40000
Section 2 (South)
LOAD TRANSFER EFFICIENCY
S ec tion 2 - L T E
120
40kN
67kN
89kN
111kN
156kN
E ffic ienc y (% )
100
80
J oint 29
60
J oint 30
J oint 36
40
J oint 37
20
0
0
5000
P as s es
Permanent Deformation
Section 2a 15cm Plain Concrete
40 kN Wheel Load
9 kips loading test - Section 2a - VERTICAL LVDTS - Permanent or Plastic Deformation
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
-0.01
DISPLACEMENT (inches)
-0.02
-0.03
-0.04
-0.05
-0.06
-0.07
Passes
LVDT 1
LVDT 2
LVDT 3
LVDT 4
LVDT 5
LVDT 6
8000
Section 2 (North)
CRACK FORMATION
20 cm
15 cm
April 2009
17 Million ESALs
Slab 27
28
29
30
31
32
33
51 Million ESALs
Slab 34
35
36
37
38
39
40
% Slabs Cracked
80
70
60
15cm (South)
20cm (South)
50
15cm (North)
20cm (North)
40
30
20
10
0
0.00E+00
1.00E+07
2.00E+07
3.00E+07
ESALs
4.00E+07
5.00E+07
6.00E+07
1.8m
Concrete
Asphalt Concrete
(a)
40m
Fiber reinforced
concrete
Plain concrete
1.8m
1.8m
2
free edge
h=10cm
1
(a)
h= 15 cm
10
11
Slab 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
15 cm
10 cm
Slab 5
Passes
Cumulative
Passes
ESALs
Cumulative
ESALs
Cracks
10 cm /
Asphalt
Cracks
15 cm /
Asphalt
9,000
2,506
2,506
50,120
50,120
15,000
2,500
5,006
427,302
477,422
18,000
2,500
7,506
918,959
1,396,381
21,000
3,499
11,005
2,457,403
3,853,784
25,000
1,126
12,131
1,644,742
5,498,526
25,000
1,211
13,342
1,768,901
7,267,428
28,000
2,300
15,642
5,407,581
12,675,009
31,000
2,200
17,842
7,931,462
20,606,471
34,000
25
17,867
132,850
20,739,321
35,000
2,730
20,597
16,385,507
37,124,828
35,000
1,170
21,767
7,022,360
44,147,188
33,000
1,642
23,409
7,697,384
51,844,572
33,000
347
23,756
1,626,670
53,471,243
33,000
274
24,030
1,284,460
54,755,703
33,000
62
24,092
290,644
55,046,347
35,000
416
24,508
2,496,839
57,543,186
Total
24,508
7/7
1/7
5.75E+07
Section 1 (South)
10 & 15 cm Plain Concrete
TENSILE STRAINS
9 kips
18 kips
15 kips
21kips
33kips
31kips
25kips
28kips
35kips
35kips
Section 1A (South)
10 cm Plain Concrete
VERTICAL DEFLECTIONS
9 kips
18 kips
15 kips
21kips
33kips
31kips
25kips
28kips
35kips
35kips
Section 1 (South)
LOAD TRANSFER EFFICIENCY
10 cm
10
11
Slab 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
15 cm
Slab 5
Passes
Cumulative
Passes
ESALs
Cumulative
ESALs
Cracks
10cm. / Asphalt
Cracks
15 cm / Asphalt
9,000
2,700
2,700
54,000
54,000
15,000
2,500
5,200
427,302
481,302
21,000
2,230
7,430
1,566,164
2,047,466
21,000
270
7,700
189,625
2,237,092
25,000
136
7,836
198,654
2,435,746
25,000
2,680
10,516
3,914,662
6,350,408
30,000
4,870
15,386
15,298,529
21,648,938
500
15,886
3,001,009
24,649,946
35,000
1,000
16,886
6,002,017
30,651,964
35,000
3,500
20,386
21,007,061
51,659,024
35,000
2,954
23,340
17,729,959
69,388,983
Total
23,340
7/7
4/7
69,388,983
Section 1 - 10 cm Slabs
Fatigue Cracking Failure
North
Larger amount of
moisture present
South
% Slabs Cracked
70
60
10cm (South)
15cm (South)
10cm (North)
15cm (North)
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0E+00
1.0E+07
2.0E+07
3.0E+07
4.0E+07
ESALs
5.0E+07
6.0E+07
7.0E+07
8.0E+07
20 cm slabs
51 million ESALs without cracks
16 t wheel load (155kN) for 8,000 passes
15 cm Peak Loads
80 kN
100 to 145 kN
Test Data
15cm
9cm
40kN
120
67kN
S ec tion 2 - L T E
89kN
111kN
156kN
E ffic ienc y (% )
100
80
J oint 29
60
J oint 30
J oint 36
40
J oint 37
20
0
0
5000
P as s es
Summary of Testing
Summary, cont
Practical Observations:
Keys to Slab System Performance
Edge support
Limited curling
min. thickness = 15 cm
Full-support of slab
shoulder or curb/gutter
Questions / Comments
jroesler@illinois.edu
217-265-0218
Ruta 5: km-251
Condiciones actuales
CTB con Kc = 137 Mpa/m
Espesor 22cm -23 cm
TCP Design
50.000.000 EE
16 cm
Hormign 4,8 Mpa Flexotraccin
10 % losas agrietadas como umbral de diseo
2 m x 1.75 m
Corte delgado sin Sello
Sin fierros, solo en junta de construccin
Pines laterales de confinamientos
Ruta 5: km-251
CBR 15%
60 cm CBR 40% Plataforma
15 cm Base Granular < 8% finos
350 Camiones Diarios= 10.000.000 EE
30.000 m2
Santiago, Chile
Caso 2: Sodimac
Caso 2: Sodimac
CBR 10%
12 cm
50 cm CBR 60% Base no heladiza
15 cm Base < 8% finos
Hormign 4,8 Mpa
1.000.000 Esals
1 km
TCP Design
Febrero 2006
80.000.000 EE
BTC con K = 110 Mpa/m
Asfalto 21 cm, Mal estado
Espesor diseo TCP 17 cm
20 % losas agrietadas
80cm x 180 cm
Corte delgado
Fierros solo juntas de construccin
Pines Laterales
11.07 km
120.000.000 EE
15 Aos
Espesor 21 cm
Base: Granular y Asfalto deteriorado
Valdivia
2008
Base Granular
8 cm and 12 cm Concrete
Etac (Chile)
2008
12 cm concrete
Granular base
50.000 EE
8 cm
2008
11 cm
500.000 EE
2007
3.000.000 EE
Base Granular
15 cm
2007
3.000.000 EE
Base Granular
14 cm
Chincha (Per)
DC
2007
Granular Base
4.000.000 Esals
14 cm concrete
Confiper (Per)
2007
Old concrete
pavement
3.000.000 Esals
12 cm