GCSE CHEMISTRY

ACIDS, BASES & SALTS

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 1
change pH to 7

(ii)

burette/measuring cylinder/syringe

(i)

1g

(ii)

30/10
=3g

1
1

(iii)

concentration of sodium hydroxide

(c)

om

(b)

(i)

6 g in 100g
no

e.c

(a)

1.
2.
3.
4.

magnesium
zinc
nickel
copper

ma

(a)

ctiv

QUESTIONSHEET 2

1
1
TOTAL 8

(c)

(i)

hydrogen

(ii)

burning splint/ignite/burn the gas

squeaky pop

(i)

magnesium chloride

(ii)

ionic

(iii)

the forces of attraction/bonding between the ions are very strong

large amount of energy required to break them

ww
w.c

(b)

he

4 correct answers score 2 marks

2 correct answers score 1 mark

TOTAL 9

GCSE CHEMISTRY

ACIDS, BASES & SALTS

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 3
sodium + oxygen sodium oxide

(ii)

Na2O

(iii)

solid

(iv)

purple

(i)

O2
(g) 2

(ii)

accept answer between 4 and 6

(iii)

any two from corrodes buildings/statues/metalwork

kills/damages trees
causes lakes to become acidic/kills animal and plant life

ctiv

e.c

(b)

(i)

om

(a)

QUESTIONSHEET 4
covalent

(ii)

8 electrons around N scores 1 mark

correct bonding pairs scores 1 mark

forces between the molecules/ particles are weak

these forces are easily overcome

particles move/ have kinetic energy

randomly/in all directions
or
diffusion takes place
from high concentration to low concentration

(ii)

molecules/particles of ammonia are lighter

(iii)

ammonium chloride

(iii)

(b)

ww
w.c

TOTAL 9

ma

(i)

he

(a)

(i)

TOTAL 9

GCSE CHEMISTRY

ACIDS, BASES & SALTS

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 5

(c)

carbon dioxide
limewater turns milky/white/cloudy

1
1

(ii)

calcium sulphate

(i)

increases

(ii)

greater surface area

particles collide more often

1
1

(i)

hydrogen

(ii)

burning splint/produces squeaky pop

(iii)

manufacture of ammonia/manufacture of margarine

ma

bromophenol blue

(ii)

bromophenol blue and thymol blue

he

(i)

ww
w.c

(b)

One mark each for:

yellow
colourless
yellow
blue

1
2
1
TOTAL 10

ctiv

QUESTIONSHEET 6
(a)

om

(b)

(i)

e.c

(a)

4
1
2
TOTAL 7

QUESTIONSHEET 7
(a)

calcium hydroxide

(b)

8 5 10 5 125
= 10 000 g/10 kg

1
1

(c)

calcium oxide is corrosive/harms skin

(i)

Ca(OH)2 + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3) 2 + 2H2O

(ii)

1 mol Ca(OH)2 neutralises 2 mol HNO3

74 g Ca(OH)2 neutralises 126 g HNO3
37 g Ca(OH)2 is needed to neutralise 63 g HNO3

1
1
1

(d)

TOTAL 9

GCSE CHEMISTRY

ACIDS, BASES & SALTS

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 8
(a)

SO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HCl

(correct formulae 1, balancing 1)

(b)

71g Cl2 react with 64 g SO2

so 71 mg Cl2 react with 64 mg SO2
64
= 0.9 mg SO2
and 1 mg Cl2 reacts with
71

1
1

A 10 / 2 = 5
B is greater

1
1

om

B 50 / 5 = 10

e.c

(c)

12

(ii)

lemon juice

(iii)

7
red or orange

(b)

1
1
1
1

(i)

accept any pH greater than 7 up to 14

(ii)

neutralisation

(iii)

water

he

(c)

ma

(i)

ww
w.c

(a)

ctiv

QUESTIONSHEET 9

TOTAL 7

TOTAL 7

GCSE CHEMISTRY

ACIDS, BASES & SALTS

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 10
1

(b)

(i)

neutralisation

(ii)

reaction is faster/increases rate of the reaction

increases surface area/more collisions between particles

2
CO2

(i)

(ii)

turns milky/white/cloudy

(iii)

24 + 12 + (16 5 3)
= 84

ctiv

e.c

(c)

om

green

(a)

QUESTIONSHEET 11

(c)

TOTAL 9

(ii)

neutralisation

(iii)

(i)

hydrogen ion/H

(ii)

hydroxide ion/OH-

(iii)

H+ + OH- H2O

(i)

it is corrosive

(ii)

any two from safety goggles

plastic gloves
wear lab coat
use a tray to catch spillage

ma

burette

he

(b)

1
1

(i)

ww
w.c

(a)

1
1
1
1
1

TOTAL 9

GCSE CHEMISTRY

ACIDS, BASES & SALTS

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 12
1

(ii)

hydrogen

(i)

blue/purple

(ii)

hydroxide ion

(i)

(ii)

sodium sulphate

(iii)

2NaOH
2H2O

(d)

om

(c)

red

e.c

(b)

(i)

a fertiliser

ctiv

(a)

remains of dead plants

became buried
action of heat and pressure
in the absence of oxygen
over millions of years
any three marks

he

(a)

2
1
TOTAL 9

ma

QUESTIONSHEET 13

gain of oxygen/loss of hydrogen/loss of electrons

(ii)

sulphur dioxide

(c)

H2O + SO2 H2SO3

(d)

limestone is a carbonate
acids react with carbonates

1
1

ww
w.c

(i)

(b)

TOTAL 9

GCSE CHEMISTRY

ACIDS, BASES & SALTS

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 14
A

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

e.c

om

(a)

MgCO3
calcium carbonate fizzes

(b)

MgCl2

TOTAL 7

1
2
1

add acid slowly/ from a burette

until indicator changes colour

1
1

(ii)

as a control/ for a fair test

(i)

0.7 5 16 =
1.2 5 11 =
0.6 5 7.5 =
0.4 5 22 =

(ii)

magnesium hydroxide
cheapest
no gas given off

11.2 p
13.2 p
4.5 p
8.8 p

he

(d)

(i)

ww
w.c

(c)

ma

(a)

ctiv

QUESTIONSHEET 15

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 14

GCSE CHEMISTRY

ACIDS, BASES & SALTS

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 16

(b)

(i)

does not react with acid

(ii)

substance A
very high pH dangerous

1
1

(iii)

a carbonate

(i)

seasoning
preserving foods

1
1

(ii)

two from:
sodium carbonate, chlorine, sodium, sodium hydrogencarbonate

om

(a)

e.c

(iii ) to melt ice

vinegar is acid
ammonia is alkaline
they neutralise the stings

(c)

water dilutes acid

washing soda neutralises it

ma

(b)

he

add universal indicator/litmus

red acid

ww
w.c

(a)

ctiv

QUESTIONSHEET 17

2
1
TOTAL 9

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 7

QUESTIONSHEET 18
(a)

field C

(b)

A beans, onion, leek

B beans, leek

(c)

C potato

field C

1
TOTAL 8

GCSE CHEMISTRY

ACIDS, BASES & SALTS

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 19
(a)

MgSO4

(b)

I magnesium & sulphuric acid

II magnesium carbonate & sulphuric acid
III magnesium hydroxide & sulphuric acid

2
2
2

(c)

boil off/evaporate the water

om

TOTAL 8

he

ma

ctiv

seven/7
neutral/ neutralised
hydrogen/ hydrogen ions
carbon dioxide
ethanoic acid
lemons/car batteries/nettles etc
sodium hydroxide/potassium hydroxide/ammonia etc
corrosive

ww
w.c

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)

e.c

QUESTIONSHEET 20

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 8